Relevant bibliographies by topics / Consumer organizations

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Consumer organizations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Consumer organizations"

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Wituk, Scott, Chi C. Vu, Louis D. Brown, and Greg Meissen. "Organizational Capacity Needs of Consumer-Run Organizations." Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 35, no. 3 (2008): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10488-007-0162-7.

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Nilsson, Jerker. "Consumer cooperatives as consumer welfare organizations." Journal of Consumer Policy 8, no. 3 (1985): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00380386.

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Nath, Giselle. "Reproducing or Contesting the Global? Belgian Organized Consumerism and its International Entanglements (1957–1995)." International Review of Social History 60, no. 3 (2015): 413–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859015000498.

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AbstractBetween 1957 and 1984, Belgian consumers were represented by two comparative testing organizations: Test-Achats and the Union Féminine pour l’Information et la Défense du Consommateur. These two consumer organizations were fundamentally dissimilar in terms of their staff, their audience, and their ideological framing of consumer interests. Only the “politically independent” Test-Achats joined the International Organization of Consumer Unions (IOCU), even though it was initially smaller and weaker than the Union Féminine, the social-democratic alternative for consumers. A comparative analysis of Belgian organized consumerism reveals how, after 1957, the consumer interest was gradually reframed to fit a hegemonic definition. A private and commercial model of consumer representation was actively promoted over and against a public model through a complex transatlantic dialogue. Moreover, I argue that the international connections – or lack thereof – of the two organizations are essential to explain their success (or failure). The diffusion of organized consumerism during the 1950s and 1960s was financially and ideologically connected with the Keynesian-Fordist regulatory framework. The attack on embedded liberalism in the late 1970s thus posed serious challenges. Mapping the choices and trajectories of Belgian consumer activists in an international context helps us to understand these challenges better.
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Al-Haddad, Shafig, Abdel-Aziz Ahmad Sharabati, Mohammad Al-Khasawneh, Rand Maraqa, and Raya Hashem. "The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Purchase Intention: The Mediating Role of Consumer Engagement via Social Media." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (2022): 6771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116771.

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a vital factor in how organizations run their businesses. Consumers are becoming more aware of it and are expecting it from organizations. With the rise of social media, organizations have another channel to communicate their CSR activities to their stakeholders. A good deal of research has been conducted on CSR and its relation to consumers. However, there is limited research on its influence on consumers via social media channels. Therefore, this research studied the impact of an organization’s CSR activities on consumer purchase intention with the mediating effect of consumer engagement via social media. A total of 21 questionnaire surveys were provided. A sample size of 250 responses was successfully collected via different social media platforms. Results show that ethical responsibility has a positive significant impact on customer engagement (15%) and purchase intentions (35%). Environmental responsibility has a positive significant impact on consumer engagement (11%) and purchase intentions (18%). Meanwhile, Philanthropic Responsibility and Economic Responsibility have an insignificant effect on Customer engagement. Customer engagement has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Intension (47%). Finally, the purchasing intention of consumers is mediated positively and significantly by consumer engagement with CSR activities on social media. In addition, consumer engagement with CSR activities on social media has a positive impact on purchase intention. However, contrary to other research, economic and philanthropic responsibilities have no significant impact on consumer engagement with social media activities.
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Ryngelblum, Arnaldo L., and Nadia Vianna. "Accomplishments and relevance of consumer protection organizations." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 25, no. 1 (2017): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-10-2015-0926.

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Purpose Despite the special attention given to consumers by the business and academic literature, the dissatisfaction of Brazilian consumers has increased significantly. This manifest mainly through the initiation of complaints’ procedures against companies at Procon and other civil society consumer protection organizations (CPOs) that began to take over these issues complementarily to governmental action. This paper aims to examine the accomplishments and relevance of these organizations in protecting consumers and in preparation of related public policies. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study was conducted involving an in-depth collection of information about a restricted system, which included multiple sources. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews conducted with CPOs’ executives and documents from the other participating organizations in the consumer protection field. Findings The CPOs have been positively evaluated by participants from the consumer protection field, for their effective action in the intermediation of complaints and in proposing laws and regulations on consumer protection. However, this picture is contrasted with the difficulties imposed by the practices of other field logics, such as legal procedures, media priorities and business interests that, however, collaborate in various occasions. Research limitations/implications CPOs’ relevance is more easily evaluated through social legitimation such as endorsements and declarations by the media, the public, by the CPOs’ own publicity and so on. As consumers can choose from alternative channels for redress, firms should be updated with the different procedural norms of each. Originality/value This paper draws a picture of the work developed by CPOs and indicates a possible assessment of their relevance in a scenario of logics complexity, which can be useful for policy makers.
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Safi, Adnan. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Consumer Behavior: A Study from Pakistan." Information Management and Business Review 5, no. 4 (2013): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v5i4.1043.

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Pakistani consumers must be well informed that, in achieving their corporate goals, organizations now bear greater responsibility to develop healthy environment and aware society. This study aims towards assessment of the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Consumer Behavior in Pakistan and to analyze whether consumers reckon Organization’s CSR initiative before buying decisions of goods and services. Carroll definition of CSR was adopted here that addresses whole range of economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. A Survey Questionnaire in this regard was carried out and 313 responses were collected across the different corners of Pakistan that further lead to culmination of this analysis report. The analysis showed that there is significant positive correlation between all CSR components and consumer behavior. However, Pakistani consumer’s priority appeared to be different than offered by Carroll’s Classical Pyramid, where economic responsibility was considered to be the greatest priority, followed by philanthropic, legal & ethical responsibilities.
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Lim, Yumi, Yeasun Chung, and Pamela A. Weaver. "The impact of social media on destination branding." Journal of Vacation Marketing 18, no. 3 (2012): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766712449366.

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A one-way conversation with consumers in destination branding was pervasive when destination-marketing organizations created and generated their destination brands. However, social media has made a two-way conversation possible with consumers participating in the development of a destination brand identity/image. This study investigates consumer perception of destination brands created by consumer-generated videos and destination-marketing organization videos. The findings suggest that consumer-generated videos do not carry the same destination brand as destination marketer-generated videos. In addition, consumer-generated videos have little positive impact on a destination brand. This study provides insight into destination-branding strategies with respect to the roles that social media plays in creating destination-brand identity and image.
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Stravinskienė, Jurgita, Miglė Matulevičienė, and Rimantė Hopenienė. "Impact of Corporate Reputation Dimensions on Consumer Trust." Engineering Economics 32, no. 2 (2021): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.32.2.27548.

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As global and local crises continue to destabilize stakeholders' trust in organizations, they need to find a long-term solution to the problem of declining trust. A critical marketing task for the sustainability of any business is to focus on the organization's reputation as a valuable, sustainable, and intangible asset of the organization. Growing trust in business is associated with corporate reputation that highlights company’s values and beliefs, shows the ways the company is trying to achieve its goals, to fulfil consumers’ expectations and its commitments. In some cases, a company does not even have to try to earn stakeholder trust as this function is performed by corporate reputation that develops positive stakeholders’ attitude towards the company as a reliable subject in the relationship. An analysis of the organization’s reputation and stakeholder trust in the organization revealed a lack of a systematic approach to how the reputation of one organization affects the trust of customers. The research focuses on the issue of consumer trust, consumer being one of the most important stakeholders. Differences in the impact of corporate reputation dimensions on consumer trust are noticed in different sectors, which creates the need for in-depth study of the issue. The aim of the article is to estimate the impact of corporate reputation on consumer trust and to determine which dimensions of corporate reputation affect different types of consumer trust. Empirical research findings are based on the case of pharmacy network in Lithuania. The pharmacy network is chosen for analysis due to the phenomenon that has appeared in the market, i.e., over the years decreasing trust in companies of one sector (pharmaceutical, in this case) has been unjustly identified with the situation in the other sector (pharmacy), which results in difficulties faced when building corporate reputation.
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Sundareswaran, Ghanasiyaa, Harshini Kamaraj, Shanmathy Sanjay, Akalya Devi, Poojashree Elangovan, and Kruthikkha P. "Consumer Behavior Analysis." International Journal of Research and Applied Technology 2, no. 1 (2022): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/injuratech.v2i1.6536.

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Research on consumer behavior has become essential in recent years as it plays an important role in business marketing and growth. Consumers are the king of the market. For-profit organizations cannot function without customers. All the activities of the company end with the consumer and their satisfaction. Consumer behavior is the study of consumers and how they choose or eliminate products. This theory extends not only to products but also to services consumed. To develop a framework for studying consumer behavior, first look at the factors that influence consumer buying behavior, as well as the various thinking paradigms that have influenced the progress and discipline of consumer research. Modeling customer behavior is nothing more than creating a mathematical structure to map the general behavior of a particular customer group. This is done to predict how consumers will react in a particular situation. The purpose of the survey is to better understand consumer behavior by examining the factors that influence the consumer's purchasing process. The main purpose of studying consumer behavior is to understand how consumers feel and think. Building a recommendation engine is another application for studying consumer behavior. The recommendation engine basically recommends several products based on a variety of factors, including previous purchases by consumers, age, etc. It's a kind of data filtering tool that uses machine learning algorithms to recommend the most relevant items to a particular customer. The purpose of this paper is to analyze consumer segmentation and sentiment regarding product reviews and build a product recommendation system.
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Raudeliūnienė, Jurgita, and Sigitas Davidavičius. "A Conceptual Model of Assessment of Knowledge Transfer to Consumer." Business, Management and Education 15, no. 2 (2017): 174–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2017.387.

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Due to changing needs of knowledge consumers in the context of globalization organizations find it important to search out the way of effective application of the process of knowledge sharing and distribution in their activity in order to create and/or select proper means of communication with consumers on purpose of effective satisfaction of their knowledge needs. In order to address the problems of such nature it is important to assess the process of knowledge transfer and consumer purchase, knowledge needs, knowledge transferred to meet of consumer needs, channels and means of knowledge transfer. Also, to select purposefully channels of communication with consumers and tools of e-marketing that are suitable for satisfaction of consumer needs, i.e. channels and tools that affect self-determination of consumer to take a decision to acquire a product or service of specific organization.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Consumer organizations"

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Shagott, Todd P. "Physical health promotion in consumer run organizations." Diss., Wichita State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2494.

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There are large disparities in physical health within psychiatric population. These disparities are made greater by the poor health behaviors of the psychiatric population in general. Change in health behaviors is aided by social support, a resource common within consumer run organizations (CROs). This study both investigated the health of people with psychiatric disabilities in Kansas and examined CROs to determine their organizational and setting level support for physical activity and eating a healthy diet. Collection of data was primarily through semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted with two samples, attendees of the 2008 Recovery Conference, and members and staff of 16 CROs in Kansas. Consistent with previous literature, the participants in this study were found to be in much poorer health than the general population. The dietary behaviors of participants included high consumption of foods with low nutritional value and low consumption of foods high in nutritional value. In general, the organization and setting characteristics of CROs provided little support for either healthy eating a healthy diet or physical activity. Discussion focused on the potential for CROs to enhance healthy eating and physical activity through setting changes.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology
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Brown, Louis D. "Making it sane :the participation benefits of consumer run organizations." Diss., Click here for available full-text of this thesis, 2005. http://library.wichita.edu/digitallibrary/etd/2005/d016.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology.
"December 2005." Title from PDF title page (viewed on February 8, 2007). Includes bibliographic references (leaves 141-153).
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Reinhart, Crystal. "Self-help and nonprofit characteristics in mental health consumer-run organizations." Diss., Wichita State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3287.

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Mental health consumer-run organizations (CROs) are organizations that incorporate the characteristics of self-help groups and nonprofit organizations. As self-help behavior settings, CROs impact the members and members influence CROs as members occupy all leadership and staff roles. At the same time, CROs are typically formal 501c3 nonprofits so they can receive funding. This research explored the self-help and nonprofit characteristics that exist in these settings through qualitative interviews with CRO leaders and members at eight CROs in Kansas. Overall, CROs demonstrated many self-help characteristics, such as a focus on recovery, empowerment, member control, and peer support. CROs also demonstrated sustainability characteristics such as high member participation. Nonprofit characteristics for CROs showed evidence of positive characteristics in some areas, including encouraging participation from members, assessing satisfaction of members, and maintaining adequate facilities. CROs also had some typical challenges the majority of traditional nonprofit settings face, such as diversity of funding and fundraising. Overall, CROs faced a remarkable balance between being a recovery-driven peer support behavior setting while also maintaining a formal nonprofit organization with reporting and operating requirements, a balance that is a rarity in both the nonprofit and self-help worlds.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology
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Ericson, Johannes, and Vahab Bayati. "Are you concerned? : A study of the consumers’ concern about the information the organizations’ gather about them." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1711.

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The current information society is collecting information about individual needs, wants and desires continuously with the help of new technologies. Information systems, such as consumer relationship management (CRM) have a crucial importance when providing personalized services to the customers. This is done by gathering, storing, maintaining and distributing important consumer knowledge throughout the organization. (Chen & Popovich, 2003) However as previous studies have shown, consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about threats to their personal privacy when new technologies are integrated into the society (e.g. Cranor et al, 1999; Kervenoael et al, 2007). As these emerging issues are becoming more common in the consumers’ daily lives, it is of great importance to discover their perceptions about it. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the consumers’ perception about their privacy and how they affiliate with their personal information being processed in various organizations.

The theoretical framework suggests that several factors affects the consumers comfort in sharing personal information to companies, such as the physical environment of the organization, which type of information that is shared, what organization that stores and uses the information, the psychological distance the actors have to each other and how much control the consumers have over the use of their personal information. A selfadministered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results showed that the majority of the respondents were concerned about the information that is gathered about them, which further emphasises the importance of this study. It was evident that the respondents were more willing to provide demographic and lifestyle information, rather than financial and purchase related information. The results also showed a variation depending on which organization that is considered. The various organizations were categorized into four different groups; Intimate distance, personal distance, social distance and public distance, depending on the respondents’ perceived comfort in sharing their personal information with them.

Some significant differences were observed between the various demographic groups as well. One of the findings indicates that men appear to be more comfortable in sharing their personal information to certain companies in comparison to women, due to a higher intellectual risk-propensity. It is argued that the consumers concern for privacy is an important issue to consider for companies. In order to maintain a strong relationship with their customers it should be integrated as an essential part of their CRM-strategies to make their information gathering techniques more efficient.

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Goff, Carl F. "Transition from Health Maintenance Organizations to Consumer Driven Health Plans: Measurement of Initial Impacts for Members with Chronic Conditions." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5723.

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New consumer driven health insurance products are designed to contain health care costs by making consumers more accountable for the care they receive through being responsible for more cost sharing, making decisions regarding health care providers they will use, and increasing exposure to and use of health information for services and providers. Potential benefits of consumer driven products include increased information regarding personal health and a more knowledgeable patient base. Potential drawbacks of consumer driven products include negative impacts on consumers with chronic and complex health conditions. The purpose of this study was to ascertain differences in health services utilization and health status for health plan members with diagnoses that are consistent with heart failure, coronary artery disease and/or diabetes mellitus who make the transition from a health plan Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) to a Consumer Driven Health Plan (CDHP). Health plan members who changed plans were compared to those who remained in the HMO during a one year time period (2006). Utilization measures included primary care physician visits, specialist physician visits, inpatient admissions, outpatient procedures and emergency room visits. Health status was measured by member acuity risk scores. Selection bias was partially controlled by including only members who did not have a choice between an HMO or CDHP in the study. Logistic analysis and MANOVA were used to obtain study results. No statistically significant differences in utilization for members in the CDHP were seen for primary care visits, specialist physician visits, inpatient admissions and emergency room visits when compared to members in the HMO. Controlling for age, gender, income level, physician coinsurance levels and acuity, the utilization of outpatient procedures was significantly lower in the CDHP. The independent variable showing significance for all utilization analyses was the 2006 risk score that was used as a proxy for member acuity. Study results for comparison of changes in health status could not be obtained due irregularity in predicted 2007 risk scores for members in the CDHP. In this initial study of the first year of CDHP experience, benefit design seemed to have limited influence on the behavior of individuals. Future studies may include longitudinal analyses and refinement of risk measurement techniques.
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Perdue, Robert T. "The U.S. Print Media's Framing of the Genetic Modification of Food." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33955.

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In the last decade, the prevalence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) within the American food supply has rapidly increased, with some experts estimating their presence in 80% of all U.S. food products. Unlike many other parts of the world, consumer opposition to this biotechnology has been modest in the U.S., and numerous studies have found that most Americans are unconcerned about this paradigm shift in agriculture. Although the genetic modification (GM) literature is substantial, little research has examined the role the media may play in this acquiescence, while even less has focused on the way critics and advocates of genetic modification have framed this issue. Addressing this lacuna is important because many scholars have concluded that the way an issue is framed significantly influences how an audience interprets a given message, and ultimately affects opinion formation. This study examined the websites of numerous anti-GM organizations and transnational biotech companies to determine the dominant frames they employ in their attempt to influence the American consumer. Once these frames were identified, frame analysis of the three most widely read newspapers in the country was conducted to measure the extent these frames have been employed by the U.S. print media. I hypothesized that the frames used by critics of the technology have been employed at significantly lower rates than those of advocates. This analysis suggested, however, that the way this issue has been framed in the print media is likely a less significant factor in this acquiescence than the sheer dearth of coverage generally.
Master of Science
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Kautish, Pradeep [Verfasser]. "An Analytical Study on Perspectives of Brand Awareness and Its Impact upon Consumer Buying Behavior with a View to Facilitate Managerial Decision Making in Organizations / Pradeep Kautish." München : GRIN Verlag, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1188314181/34.

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Mohammed, Ismael, and Foma Awambeng Kenne. "Digital Transformation in the Logistics Industry : An investigative analysis comparing the impact of digital transformation and consumer behavior on the business models of small & large logistics organizations." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-39880.

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Digital Transformation is an on-going process in the logistics industry. Every day, innovative and new technology is developed to streamline products to the customer as fast as they want it. The purpose of our study is to investigate how digital transformation and customer behaviour has affected the business model(s) of smaller companies compared to well established multinational companies in the logistics industry. The authors look and found the aspects of the business model that were impacted and if there should be adjustments made to better suite either the large or small organizations.
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SJÖBERG, CAMILLA, and INGRID LUDVIGSON. "Cause Related Marketing : En strategi för en Rosa framtid." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20714.

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I ett samhälle där det råder allt större konkurrens mellan företag och produkter, och då kunderna blir allt mer krävande, har Cause Related Marketing (CRM) blivit något av en unik win-win strategi. CRM innebär att ett företag tillsammans med en välgörenhetsorganisation skapar ett samarbete för att marknadsföra och sälja en produkt för välgörande ändamål och därmed nå ömsesidig vinst.Syftet med uppsatsen är att se vilka effekter CRM kan ha i jämförelse med traditionell marknadsföring. Vi har valt att undersöka varför företag väljer att engagera sig i välgörenhet och om man kan använda ett sådant samarbete som ett marknadsföringsverktyg.Den metod vi använt för studien är en kvalitativ metod. Till vår hjälp har vi använt oss av tidigare forskning inom ämnet samt genomfört intervjuer med företag som varit relevanta för studien. Företagen som medverkar är verksamma inom detaljhandel eller dagligvaruhandel och samtliga har valt att engagera sig i Rosa Bandet.Slutsatser som dragits genom studien är att CRM är en strategi som alla företag inom detaljhandel och dagligvaruhandel kan använda sig av. Vi har kommit fram till att CRM bör användas i kombination med traditionell marknadsföring för att optimera de positiva effekterna. Genom ett samarbete med en välgörenhetsorganisation kan ett företag nå effekter som ökad försäljning, merförsäljning, större lojalitet från kunderna och kan stärka sitt varumärke. Vi anser att strategin kan bidra till en hållbar utveckling, vilket är något som är högaktuellt på dagens marknad.In a world where competition between companies and products is constantly increasing and consumers are becoming more demanding, Cause Related Marketing (CRM) has become somewhat of a unique win-win strategy. This means that a company collaborates with a charitable organization to promote and sell a product to make a mutual profit.The purpose of this thesis is to point out the potential effects of CRM in comparison to traditional marketing. We have chosen to investigate why companies choose to engage in charity and if this type of collaboration can work as a tool for a better marketing strategy.The method we have used to write this thesis is a qualitative method. We have used previous research within the subject as well as interviewed companies relevant to the study. The companies that have participated are in the retail business and they have all engaged in the Pink Ribbon charity.Through the study, we have been able to draw the conclusion that CRM is a useful strategy to any company in the business of manufacturing and selling of goods. However, CRM should be used in combination with traditional marketing to optimize the positive effects. Through a collaboration with a charitable organization a company can increase sales, gain loyalty from their customers an strengthen it’s brand. We believe that the strategy contributes to a globally sustainable development, which currently is a hot topic on today’s market.
Program: Textilekonomutbildningen
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Girardi, John. "An investigation of the relationship between employee work environments and customer satisfaction." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001.

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Books on the topic "Consumer organizations"

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Virginia. Dept. of Agriculture and Consumer Services., ed. Virginia agricultural & consumer service organizations: Directory. The Department, 1990.

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Repo, Petteri. Consumer interest in free trade revisited: Interpreting reactions of four consumer organizations. Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, 2000.

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Yankee Group. Consumer & Technology Division., ed. Consumer healthcare: Marketing healthcare delivery systems. Yankee Group, 1987.

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Sassatelli, Roberta. Power balance in the consumption sphere: Reconsidering consumer protection organizations. European University Institute, 1995.

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Nah, Fiona Fui-Hoon, and Keng Siau, eds. HCI in Business, Government and Organizations. eCommerce and Consumer Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22335-9.

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J, Unland James, ed. Structuring provider networks for the new healthcare consumer. McGraw-Hill, 1999.

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Ruyter, Ko de. Dissatisfaction management: A study into the use of consumer dissatisfaction as a source of management information by organizations. Uitgeverij Lemma BV, 1993.

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H, Hessick Michael, ed. Achieving quality in financial service organizations: How to identify and satisfy customer expectations. Quorum Books, 1988.

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Lindsey, Jarrell, ed. Consumer-centric healthcare: Opportunities and challenges for providers. Health Administration Press, 2010.

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Kotler, Philip. Strategic marketing for health care organizations: Building a customer-driven health system. Jossey-Bass, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Consumer organizations"

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Ionescu-Somers, Aileen. "Consumer Organizations: Aligning Corporate Sustainability and Consumer Interest." In Inside the Mind of the Stakeholder. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58265-5_10.

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Brown, Louis D. "How Organizations Influence Role Development." In Consumer-Run Mental Health. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0700-3_7.

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Spear, Roger. "Governance in Lincolnshire Consumer Cooperative." In Humanistic Governance in Democratic Organizations. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17403-2_7.

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Egels-Zandén, Niklas. "From Global Consumer Power to Local Worker Power." In Trust and Organizations. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137368812_4.

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Schiegg, Philipp, Antonio Lucas Soares, Amit Garg, Robert Roesgen, and Volker Stich. "Configuring Consumer-Demand Driven Supply Networks." In Processes and Foundations for Virtual Organizations. Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35704-1_51.

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Foxall, Gordon R. "Consumer Behavior Analysis Meets the Marketing Firm1." In Applied Behavior Science in Organizations. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198949-7.

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Brown, Louis D. "Using Existing Theory to Build a Conceptual Framework of Consumer-Run Organizations." In Consumer-Run Mental Health. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0700-3_2.

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Ren, Long, and Yun Chen. "Influence of Color Perception on Consumer Behavior." In HCI in Business, Government, and Organizations. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91716-0_32.

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Xue, Yanmin, and Menghui Huang. "Consumer Involvement in NPD Different Stages." In HCI in Business, Government and Organizations. Interacting with Information Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58481-2_11.

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Roman, Teodora, Adriana Manolică, and Sebastian-George Novac. "The Consumer Explained Through Leisure Perception." In Challenges and Opportunities to Develop Organizations Through Creativity, Technology and Ethics. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43449-6_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Consumer organizations"

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LUO, SHU-YUN, and JUN-TAO XIAO. "MARKETING STRATEGY RESEARCH IN CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY." In 2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtem/mebit2021/35651.

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As individuals lead their lives, they purchase different items and services to fill various needs. customer psychology has made efforts to investigate why individuals buy things using cognitive ideas to comprehend the elements that impact their practices. Understanding their psychology will explain the elements that influence shoppers’ conduct concerning inspiration and emotional cycle while giving organizations the knowledge of why individuals choose to purchase such particular product. Moreover, comprehending consumers’ reasons and impulses to consume certain products helps producers make more efficient marketing strategy to attract their target consumers more easily. This research indicates how understanding consumer psychology helps more efficient and attractive marketing strategy in some ways and how such marketing psychology amplifies its attractiveness and influence through social media in recent days.
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Pollak, Frantisek, Peter Markovic, and Michal Konecny. "Analysis of Selected Characteristics of e-Consumer Behavior of Czechs During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.53.

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The paper is devoted to the analysis of the selected aspects of e-consumer behavior. Specifically, to the application of innovative methods of evaluating customer interactions within the environment of the virtual social network Facebook. From the point of view of the actual implementation of presented research, the activity of customer tribes of the five largest e-commerce entities in the Czech virtual market was analyzed and evaluated. The data needed to process the analysis were collected during the first state of emergency declared in the Czech Republic in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the analysis of data on the interactions of customer groups in a highly non-standard situation, it was possible to outline specific patterns of consumer behavior, in particular the extent and nature of their interactions in B2C communication on the social network Facebook. From the findings we can deduce a shift in the timing of interactions towards the morning hours, which we consider both as an effect of working from home and as a deviation from the usual patterns of behavior. In our opinion, it is necessary to take both of these effects into account when planning marketing communication.
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Dalmau, Josep Maria, Alexandre Catal\ab, and Sandro Boltshauser. "Active Safety Assessment by Consumer Organizations - Euro NCAP Approach." In SAE Brasil 2011 Congress and Exhibit. SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-36-0024.

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Garda, Betül, Zeynep Karaçor, and Süleyman Karaçor. "The Determination of Consumer Rights Knowledge Level of Youth: A Research on the Tourism and Hotel Management Students." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02157.

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From the beginning of the 20th century it has been observed that detailed studies have been carried on consumer protection and consumer rights by countries, civil society organizations, private sector companies and universities. A harmonious co-operation between these units is of great importance in terms of ensuring effective consumer protection. Because the informing, education and protection of the consumer is accepted as a necessity of modern society. Consumer education is seen as a prerequisite for long-term social and cultural development. Tourists can experience various problems in purchasing goods and services in the regions they travel and do not know which way to apply in such a situation. In this context, youth who are educated tourism management should be knowledgeable about consumer rights are important in terms of resolving the expectations of consumers. In this context, the main purpose of the research is to reveal the knowledge level and behavior of consumer rights of tourism students. The questionnaire prepared for this purpose was applied to the students of Selcuk University Tourism Faculty. As a result of the research, it was determined that the students who participated in the survey know the consumer rights law. However, it has been determined that they do not know the contents of the basic rights provided in this law and the ways of utilization at the desired level.
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Carinaelena, Stegaroiu, Boncea Amelia, Enea Constanta, and Stegaroiu Valentin. "ELEARNING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY TO SUPPORT THE INDIVIDUAL CONSUMER." In eLSE 2012. Editura Universitara, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-12-177.

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eLearning is the technology that has revolutionized the traditional distance learning, and opportunities have been seized and used both in schools and at public or private organizations. In terms of structure, an eLearning system provides facilities for the transfer of knowledge by developing and publishing educational content in the form of courses or virtual libraries and knowledge verification and testing using simulated management scenarios or case studies for evaluation. Taking into account its main features, we define the concept of eLearning system. An eLearning system consists of a set of methods, techniques, tools and procedures that ensure the provision of learning or training programs, using electronic means, as well as evaluating the assimilation of knowledge by students. Training of beneficiaries through an integrated eLearning can be done in three ways: self-training (student-computer interaction) personal education (student-lecturer interaction) and virtual classroom (interaction between several students and a tutor). The main instrument of self-training is virtual bibliotheca whose definition is shown below. A virtual library is a collection of articles and publications in electronic format that can be called using Internet technologies by a group of users, based on a set of bibliographic references, accessible online. Virtual Library is an information and training to its employees and other categories of stakeholders, providing them information and organizational knowledge, based on access rights. Also, the virtual library of an organization can be used in the process of training or professional self-improvement because it provides documentation for extending and deepening students\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' knowledge transmitted via eLearning. In addition to its general features, eLearning system must satisfy a number of specific requirements set out in the nature of the market and address any specific, investments in workforce training and retraining needs are among the emerging economies. This paper proposes a strategy for implementing the eLearning system, seen as a component of development strategy of the organization.
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Sipior, Janice, and Burke Ward. "A Framework for Information Security Management Based on Guiding Standards: A United States Perspective." In InSITE 2008: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3188.

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Despite government oversight, consumers continue to be concerned about the security of personal information used by corporations. Consumer concerns give rise to the necessity for corporations to manage information security. Navigating the multitude of existing security standards, including dedicated standards for information security and frameworks for controlling the implementation of information technology, presents a challenge to organizations. In response, we propose our ISM framework which considers global, national, organizational, and employee standards to guide ISM. We contend that a strategic approach to ISM will enable a focus on managing information as a key resource in global competition. This framework is intended to promote a cohesive approach which considers a process view of information within the context of the entire organizational operational environment. This framework can be used by international, national, and regional corporations to formulate, implement, enforce, and audit information security policies and practices.
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Al Majzoub, Khaled, and Vida Davidavičienė. "Development of ICT: conceptual comparative analysis of consumer behavior in Europe and Asia." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.090.

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Today’s society is becoming the information and communication technology societies, where ICT is responsible for the creation, distribution, and manipulation of information in every aspect of society (Xiang, Magnini, & Fesenmaier, 2015). The following article will present a comparative analysis of one aspect of consumer changes caused by ICT, which is e-commerce between Europe and Asia, using Hofstede’s culture dimensions (Power distance, individualism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance). Purpose – to provide a comparative analysis of consumer behavior changes caused by ICT between Europe and Asia. Research methodology – a synthesis of review of the literature. Findings – provide insight into the difference in consumer behavior changes caused by ICT, between Europe and Asia and provide the basis for future researches. Research limitations – future research should include empirical research and study of other solution and other factors that affect consumer behavior. Practical implications – the practical implication of the article provide a framework for organizations to take into consideration, the difference in consumer behavior between countries when it is targeting their markets. Originality/Value – no comparative.
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Frischknecht, Bart D., and Kate Whitefoot. "Defining Technology-Adoption Indifference Curves for Residential Solar Electricity Generation Using Stated Preference Experiments." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48007.

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Success in achieving environmental goals is intrinsically dependent on policy decisions, firm decisions, and consumer decisions. Understanding how consumer product adoption jointly depends on policy incentives and firm design decisions is necessary for both firms and governments to make optimal decisions. This paper demonstrates a methodology for assessing the linkage between policy incentives and firm decisions on the level of consumer adoption of a particular technology. A policy optimization is formulated and technology-adoption indifference curves are constructed to allow firms to identify the most profitable direction for product development given the policy environment, and similarly to allow government organizations to set policies that maximize technology adoption given firm decisions. As an example we use the residential solar electricity industry in New South Wales, Australia. Consumer choice is modeled using a mixed logit choice model estimated with hierarchical Bayes techniques from stated preference experiment data.
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Balar, Ankur, Nikita Malviya, Swadesh Prasad, and Ajinkya Gangurde. "Forecasting consumer behavior with innovative value proposition for organizations using big data analytics." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccic.2013.6724280.

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Grishina, N. K., O. V. Perepelova, Z. B. Kindarov, O. V. Mirgorodskaya, and N. B. Solovieva. "Medical and Social Consumer Profile for Paid Medical Services in State-Owned Medical Organizations." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Health and Well-Being in Modern Society (ICHW 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ichw-19.2019.54.

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Reports on the topic "Consumer organizations"

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Glick, Mark, Gabriel A. Lozada, and Darren Bush. Why Economists Should Support Populist Antitrust Goals. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp195.

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Antitrust economists have generally supported the Consumer Welfare Standard as a guide to antitrust policy questions because of its origins in Marshall’s consumer surplus approach and the general economic surplus approach to welfare economics. But welfare economists no longer support the surplus approach because decades of research pertaining to the surplus approach have uncovered numerous inconsistencies and serious ethical challenges. However, the surplus approach to welfare survives in industrial organization textbooks and among industrial organization economists that specialize in antitrust. We argue in this paper that the Consumer Welfare Standard is not a reliable standard and should be abandoned. We cite several reasons: (1) it limits antitrust goals a priori without any defensible justification, (2) it considers all transfers of surplus between stakeholders in antitrust cases to be welfare neutral, (3) it is biased in favor of big business and the rich, and (4) the accumulation of inconsistencies and problems documented by welfare economists renders the theory completely unreliable. In a final section of the paper, we preliminarily contend that modern research in welfare economics concerning the factors that influence human welfare could be used to inform a more progressive standard for determining antitrust goals.
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Cuesta-Valiño, Pedro. Happiness Management. A Social Well-being multiplier. Social Marketing and Organizational Communication. Edited by Rafael Ravina-Ripoll. Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/2022.happiness-management.

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On behalf of the Happiness University Network, we are pleased to present here an extract of the information concerning the universities working to generate the diffusion of this network. Specifically, with the support of the University of Salamanca and the Pontifical University of Salamanca the aim is to create a friendly and working environment for the dissemination and discussion of the latest scientific and practical developments in the fields of happiness economics, corporate wellbeing, happiness management and organisational communication. It also offers an opportunity for productive encounters, the promotion of collaborative projects and the encouragement of international networking. Below you will find papers related to: Economics of happiness, happiness management, organisational communication, welfare state economics, consumer happiness, leadership, social marketing, happiness management and SDGs, happiness management in human resource strategies, learning and competencies in happiness management, learning and competencies in social well-being, measurement and indicators of happiness and well-being and history of welfare economics.
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Dalton, Ben. The Landscape of School Rating Systems. RTI Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0046.1709.

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The rise of the accountability movement in education has resulted in the proliferation of school report cards, school ratings and rankings, and other kinds of performance reporting for public consumption and policy use. To understand the strengths and limitations of school rating systems and the role they play in shaping public perceptions and school improvement practices, this paper situates rating systems within the broader field of comparative organizational assessments and neo-institutional theory; describes school rankings and rating systems in use by states and consumer-oriented enterprises; and details four aspects of school ratings (measurement, transformation, integration, and presentation) that affect their use and interpretation.
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Keefer, Philip, and Carlos Scartascini, eds. Trust: The Key to Social Cohesion and Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean (Executive Summary). Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003911.

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Trust is the most pressing and yet least discussed problem confronting Latin America and the Caribbean. Whether in others, in government, or in firms, trust is lower in the region than anywhere else in the world. The economic and political consequences of mistrust ripple through society. It suppresses growth and innovation: investment, entrepreneurship, and employment all flourish when firms and government, workers and employers, banks and borrowers, and consumers and producers trust each other. Trust inside private and public sector organizations is essential for collaboration and innovation. Mistrust distorts democratic decision-making. It keeps citizens from demanding better public services and infrastructure, from joining with others to control corruption, and from making the collective sacrifices that leave everyone better off. The good news is that governments can increase citizen trust with clearer promises of what citizens can expect from them, public sector reforms that enable them to keep their promises, and institutional reforms that strengthen the commitments that citizens make to each other. This book guides decision-makers as they incorporate trust and social cohesion into the comprehensive reforms needed to address the region's most pernicious challenges.
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Agarwal, Smisha, Madhu Jalan, Holly C. Wilcox, et al. Evaluation of Mental Health Mobile Applications. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb41.

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Background. Mental health mobile applications (apps) have the potential to expand the provision of mental health and wellness services to traditionally underserved populations. There is a lack of guidance on how to choose wisely from the thousands of mental health apps without clear evidence of safety, efficacy, and consumer protections. Purpose. This Technical Brief proposes a framework to assess mental health mobile applications with the aim to facilitate selection of apps. The results of applying the framework will yield summary statements on the strengths and limitations of the apps and are intended for use by providers and patients/caregivers. Methods. We reviewed systematic reviews of mental health apps and reviewed published and gray literature on mental health app frameworks, and we conducted four Key Informant group discussions to identify gaps in existing mental health frameworks and key framework criteria. These reviews and discussions informed the development of a draft framework to assess mental health apps. Iterative testing and refinement of the framework was done in seven successive rounds through double application of the framework to a total of 45 apps. Items in the framework with an interrater reliability under 90 percent were discussed among the evaluation team for revisions of the framework or guidance. Findings. Our review of the existing frameworks identified gaps in the assessment of risks that users may face from apps, such as privacy and security disclosures and regulatory safeguards to protect the users. Key Informant discussions identified priority criteria to include in the framework, including safety and efficacy of mental health apps. We developed the Framework to Assist Stakeholders in Technology Evaluation for Recovery (FASTER) to Mental Health and Wellness and it comprises three sections: Section 1. Risks and Mitigation Strategies, assesses the integrity and risk profile of the app; Section 2. Function, focuses on descriptive aspects related to accessibility, costs, organizational credibility, evidence and clinical foundation, privacy/security, usability, functions for remote monitoring of the user, access to crisis services, and artificial intelligence (AI); and Section 3. Mental Health App Features, focuses on specific mental health app features, such as journaling and mood tracking. Conclusion. FASTER may be used to help appraise and select mental health mobile apps. Future application, testing, and refinements may be required to determine the framework’s suitability and reliability across multiple mental health conditions, as well as to account for the rapidly expanding applications of AI, gamification, and other new technology approaches.
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Hynd, David, Caroline Wallbank, Jonathan Kent, et al. Costs and Benefits of Electronic Stability Control in Selected G20 Countries. TRL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/lsrg3377.

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This report, commissioned by Bloomberg Philanthropies, finds that 42,000 lives could be saved and 150,000 serious injuries prevented by 2030 if all new cars in seven G20 countries were required to be equipped with an inexpensive crash avoidance technology starting in 2020. Thirteen G20 counties currently adhere to United Nations regulations on electronic stability control (ESC). If the seven remaining countries—Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico and South Africa—also mandated ESC in 2020, the report estimates $21.5 billion in economic benefit to those countries from the prevention of deaths and serious injuries. Argentina and Brazil are due to start applying ESC regulations in 2020. The UK-based Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) conducted the independent study of costs and benefits of applying ESC regulation in G20 countries, which are responsible for 98% of the world’s passenger car production. This report comes before the 3rd Ministerial Conference on Road Safety in Stockholm, which is the largest gathering of governments and is a key opportunity for adoption of this UN-recommended standard. According to the World Health Organization’s Global Road Safety Report, the number of road traffic deaths reached 1.35 million in 2016. Of all vehicle safety features, electronic stability control is regarded as the most important one for crash avoidance since it is 38% effective in reducing the number of deaths in loss-of-control collisions. ESC tries to prevent skidding and loss of control in cases of over-steering and under-steering. The technology continuously monitors a vehicle’s direction of travel, steering wheel angle and the speed at which the individual wheels are rotating. If there is a mismatch between the intended direction of travel and the actual direction of travel, as indicated by the steering wheel position, ESC will selectively apply the brakes and modulate the engine power to keep the vehicle traveling along the intended path. The cost of implementing ESC on vehicles that already contain anti-lock braking systems is thought to be as little as $50 per car. And the report finds the benefits are significant: For every dollar spent by consumers in purchasing vehicles with these technologies, there is a US$2.80 return in economic benefit to society because of the deaths and serious injuries avoided. The analysis warns that without regulation of ESC, the seven remaining G20 countries will only reach 44% installation of ESC by 2030. However, if all seven countries implemented ESC regulations this year, 85% of the total car fleet in G20 countries will have ESC by 2030, a figure still below the United Nations target of 100% ESC fleet coverage by 2030.
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Linker, Raphael, Murat Kacira, Avraham Arbel, Gene Giacomelli, and Chieri Kubota. Enhanced Climate Control of Semi-arid and Arid Greenhouses Equipped with Fogging Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593383.bard.

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The main objectives were (1) to develop, implement and validate control procedures that would make it possible to maintain year-round air temperature and humidity at levels suitable for crop cultivation in greenhouses operating in arid and semi-arid regions and (2) to investigate the influence of the operational flexibility of the fogging system on the performance of the system. With respect to the development of climate controllers, we developed a new control approach according to which ventilation is used to maintain the enthalpy of the greenhouse air and fogging is used to adjust the humidity ratio inside the greenhouse. This approach is suitable mostly for greenhouses equipped with mechanized ventilation, and in which the air exchange rate can be controlled with enough confidence. The development and initial validation of the controllers were performed in a small experimental greenhouses located at the Agricultural Research Organization and very good tracking were obtained for both air temperature and relative humidity (maximum mean deviations over a 10-min period with constant setpoints lower than 2.5oC and 5% relative humidity). The robust design approach used to develop the controllers made it possible to transfer successfully these controllers to a much larger semi-commercial greenhouse located in the much drier Arava region. After only minimal adjustments, which did not require lengthy dedicated experiments, satisfactory tracking of the temperature and humidity was achieved, with standard deviation of the tracking error lower than 1oC and 5% for temperature and relative humidity, respectively. These results should help promote the acceptance of modern techniques for designing greenhouse climate controllers, especially since given the large variety of greenhouse structures (shape, size, crop system), developing high performance site-specific controllers for each greenhouse is not feasible. In parallel to this work, a new cooling control strategy, which considers the contribution of humidification and cooling from the crop, was developed for greenhouses equipped with natural ventilation. Prior to the development of the cooling strategy itself, three evapotranspiration models were compared in terms of accuracy and reliability. The cooling strategy that has been developed controls the amount of fog introduced into the greenhouse as well as the percentage of vent openings based on the desired vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and enthalpy, respectively. Numerical simulations were used to compare the performance of the new strategy with a constant fogging rate strategy based on VPD, and on average, the new strategy saved 36% water and consumed 30% less electric energy. In addition, smaller air temperature and relative humidity fluctuations were achieved when using the new strategy. Finally, it was demonstrated that dynamically varying the fog rate and properly selecting the number of nozzles, yields additional water and electricity savings.
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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André, and Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.

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We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.
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Monetary Policy Report - April 2022. Banco de la República, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr2-2022.

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Macroeconomic summary Annual inflation continued to rise in the first quarter (8.5%) and again outpaced both market expectations and the technical staff’s projections. Inflation in major consumer price index (CPI) baskets has accelerated year-to-date, rising in March at an annual rate above 3%. Food prices (25.4%) continued to contribute most to rising inflation, mainly affected by a deterioration in external supply and rising costs of agricultural inputs. Increases in transportation prices and in some utility rates (energy and gas) can explain the acceleration in regulated items prices (8.3%). For its part, the increase in inflation excluding food and regulated items (4.5%) would be the result of shocks in supply and external costs that have been more persistent than expected, the effects of indexation, accumulated inflationary pressures from the exchange rate, and a faster-than-anticipated tightening of excess productive capacity. Within the basket excluding food and regulated items, external inflationary pressures have meaningfully impacted on goods prices (6.4%), which have been accelerating since the last quarter of 2021. Annual growth in services prices (3.8%) above the target rate is due primarily to food away from home (14.1%), which was affected by significant increases in food and utilities prices and by a rise in the legal monthly minimum wage. Housing rentals and other services prices also increased, though at rates below 3%. Forecast and expected inflation have increased and remain above the target rate, partly due to external pressures (prices and costs) that have been more persistent than projected in the January report (Graphs 1.1 and 1.2). Russia’s invasion of Ukraine accentuated inflationary pressures, particularly on international prices for certain agricultural goods and inputs, energy, and oil. The current inflation projection assumes international food prices will increase through the middle of this year, then remain high and relatively stable for the remainder of 2022. Recovery in the perishable food supply is forecast to be less dynamic than previously anticipated due to high agricultural input prices. Oil prices should begin to recede starting in the second half of the year, but from higher levels than those presented in the previous report. Given the above, higher forecast inflation could accentuate indexation effects and increase inflation expectations. The reversion of a rebate on value-added tax (VAT) applied to cleaning and hygiene products, alongside the end of Colombia’s COVID-19 health emergency, could increase the prices of those goods. The elimination of excess productive capacity on the forecast horizon, with an output gap close to zero and somewhat higher than projected in January, is another factor to consider. As a consequence, annual inflation is expected to remain at high levels through June. Inflation should then decline, though at a slower pace than projected in the previous report. The adjustment process of the monetary policy rate wouldcontribute to pushing inflation and its expectations toward the target on the forecast horizon. Year-end inflation for 2022 is expected to be around 7.1%, declining to 4.8% in 2023. Economic activity again outperformed expectations. The technical staff’s growth forecast for 2022 has been revised upward from 4.3% to 5% (Graph 1.3). Output increased more than expected in annual terms in the fourth quarter of 2021 (10.7%), driven by domestic demand that came primarily because of private consumption above pre-pandemic levels. Investment also registered a significant recovery without returning to 2019 levels and with mixed performance by component. The trade deficit increased, with significant growth in imports similar to that for exports. The economic tracking indicator (ISE) for January and February suggested that firstquarter output would be higher than previously expected and that the positive demand shock observed at the end of 2021 could be fading slower than anticipated. Imports in consumer goods, retail sales figures, real restaurant and hotel income, and credit card purchases suggest that household spending continues to be dynamic, with levels similar to those registered at the end of 2021. Project launch and housing starts figures and capital goods import data suggest that investment also continues to recover but would remain below pre-pandemic levels. Consumption growth is expected to decelerate over the year from high levels reached over the last two quarters. This would come amid tighter domestic and external financial conditions, the exhaustion of suppressed demand, and a deterioration of available household income due to increased inflation. Investment is expected to continue to recover, while the trade deficit should tighten alongside high oil and other export commodity prices. Given all of the above, first-quarter economic growth is now expected to be 7.2% (previously 5.2%) and 5.0% for 2022 as a whole (previously 4.3%). Output growth would continue to moderate in 2023 (2.9%, previously 3.1%), converging similar to long-term rates. The technical staff’s revised projections suggest that the output gap would remain at levels close to zero on the forecast horizon but be tighter than forecast in January (Graph 1.4). These estimates continue to be affected by significant uncertainty associated with geopolitical tensions, external financial conditions, Colombia’s electoral cycle, and the COVID-19 pandemic. External demand is now projected to grow at a slower pace than previously expected amid increased global inflationary pressures, high oil prices, and tighter international financial conditions than forecast in January. The Russian invasion of Ukraine and its inflationary effects on prices for oil and certain agricultural goods and inputs accentuated existing global inflationary pressures originating in supply restrictions and increased international costs. A decline in the supply of Russian oil, low inventory levels, and continued production limits on behalf of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies (OPEC+) can explain increased projected oil prices for 2022 (USD 100.8/barrel, previously USD 75.3) and 2023 (USD 86.8/barrel, previously USD 71.2). The forecast trajectory for the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) interest rate has increased for this and next year to reflect higher real and expected inflation and positive performance in the labormarket and economic activity. The normalization of monetary policy in various developed and emerging market economies, more persistent supply and cost shocks, and outbreaks of COVID-19 in some Asian countries contributed to a reduction in the average growth outlook for Colombia’s trade partners for 2022 (2.8%, previously 3.3%) and 2023 (2.4%, previously 2.6%). In this context, the projected path for Colombia’s risk premium increased, partly due to increased geopolitical global tensions, less expansionary monetary policy in the United States, an increase in perceived risk for emerging markets, and domestic factors such as accumulated macroeconomic imbalances and political uncertainty. Given all the above, external financial conditions are tighter than projected in January report. External forecasts and their impact on Colombia’s macroeconomic scenario continue to be affected by considerable uncertainty, given the unpredictability of both the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the pandemic. The current macroeconomic scenario, characterized by high real inflation levels, forecast and expected inflation above 3%, and an output gap close to zero, suggests an increased risk of inflation expectations becoming unanchored. This scenario offers very limited space for expansionary monetary policy. Domestic demand has been more dynamic than projected in the January report and excess productive capacity would have tightened more quickly than anticipated. Headline and core inflation rose above expectations, reflecting more persistent and important external shocks on supply and costs. The Russian invasion of Ukraine accentuated supply restrictions and pressures on international costs. This partly explains the increase in the inflation forecast trajectory to levels above the target in the next two years. Inflation expectations increased again and are above 3%. All of this increased the risk of inflation expectations becoming unanchored and could generate indexation effects that move inflation still further from the target rate. This macroeconomic context also implies reduced space for expansionary monetary policy. 1.2 Monetary policy decision Banco de la República’s board of directors (BDBR) continues to adjust its monetary policy. In its meetings both in March and April of 2022, it decided by majority to increase the monetary policy rate by 100 basis points, bringing it to 6.0% (Graph 1.5).
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