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Kim, Hyoje. "Self-regulation and intertemporal consumer impatience." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/192097/1/Hyo-je_Kim_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis finds that self-regulation is a source of impatience in everyday consumer decision-making. Nine studies show that performing self-regulation (e.g., suppressing emotions, dieting) makes people more attentive to time, so that future time intervals are perceived as longer, and impatience is increased. Intertemporal impatience influences the value of products that will be delivered in the future, the willingness to pay for expedited delivery, and the desire for product attributes that save time. Further, the findings provide a theoretical framework for understanding why self-regulation can impact intertemporal judgments in domains other than the domain in which self-regulation initially occurred.
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Ruth, James L. "Consumer Behavior in the Online Marketplace: How Time and Access to Information Drive Consumer Decisions." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/360.
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The online marketplace is growing every year. As it continues to grow it is important to understand the interactions between online consumers and online merchants. This study examines the relationship between online merchants and online consumers focusing on how information is passed between the two. With consumers able to search and view dozens of stores in the time it used to take for many of them to drive to one, why are consumers not able to find the best price for the good they hope to buy? By examining past literature on information theory and consumer behavior, combined with considering a 3 x 3 sample of online consumers actually finding items in an online environment, this study will serve as a base for further research on what drives consumer interaction with electronic markets.
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Anderson, Carol Lynn 1952. "Selling time : emerging trends in the consumer service industries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14563.
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Wheeler, Kopf Diane Marie 1962. "Time on task observations in consumer and homemaking classrooms." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278398.
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The purpose of this study was to determine teacher and program effectiveness in Consumer and Homemaking Programs in Arizona by using time on task as a measure. In effective program studies, the common critical variable was the individual teacher (Brophy, 1979; McGreal and McGreal, 1986). Teachers who were organized, started class on time and kept the students busy with relevant work maintained high time on task percentages. Using time on task as a measurement of effectiveness, the "Managing Learning Time" instrument (Halasz and Desy, 1984), was used. This study: determined that the majority of students were on task in Arizona Consumer and Homemaking Education classrooms. Time on task was affected more by teacher and classroom practices than by the course content. The focus of the on task behavior varied by subject matter. The majority of time was spent on theory, practice and basic skills in Consumer and Homemaking courses.
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Chan, Wai-sang William. "The relationship between on-time performance and service evaluation /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18002912.
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Gibbs, Paul Thomas. "Time as a dimension in the consumption of financial services." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295636.
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Leslie, David. "Tourism and Northern Ireland : a troubled time." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282935.
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Fellner, Wolfgang, and Roman Seidl. "The Relative Importance of Time and Money for Consumer Behavior and Prosperity." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3681/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2012_08.pdf.
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We develop a consumption model to analyze the relative importance of time and money for consumer behavior and prosperity. The model is characterized by three situations a consumer may face. Equilibrium conditions
are different in each of those situations. At equilibrium A only the time constraint is binding. The appropriate situation is called relative time scarcity.
At equilibrium B, relative satiation, the consumer's income constraint is binding at the optimal allocation of time. At equilibrium C, consumers deviate from their optimal allocation of time because of the income constraint. Those
consumers face relative money scarcity. We analyze behavioral reactions to changes in prices, disposable income and available time in each of those three
situations. It turns out that substitution effects only exist in situations of
relative money scarcity - the only situation dealt with in ordinary (i.e. timeless) consumer theory. The absence of substitution effects in situations of
relative time scarcity and relative satiation leads us to the conclusion, that the impact of changes in relative prices on consumer behavior is much less important than usually assumed. Another interesting result is that increases in disposable income do not necessarily lead to a gain in prosperity. The effects of changes in disposable income and time availability on prosperity depend on the situation a consumer faces.(author's abstract)Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Jalili, Monire. "CONSUMPTION PREFERENCES, TIME AND UNCERTAINTY: IMPACTS ON RETAIL PRICING TACTICS." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22681.
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My dissertation is a collection of three essays with analytical models at the interface of marketing and operations with a focus on pricing. The common theme in this dissertation is studying the effect of the consumer-driven demand on the optimal operational decisions of a single firm. This dissertation includes co-authored material. In my first essay, I study the role of consumers' opposing perceptions of green quality on the optimal product line decisions, i.e., products, prices and quality by analyzing the firm's optimization problem and incorporating an endogenous demand model that emerges from the consumers' preferences while considering the cost implications of introducing a green product. My second essay is on optimal timing of price discounts. Delaying discounts, i.e., giving discounts on future spending based on current spending is a prevalent retail discounting practice. For a market of rational and forward-looking consumers who repeatedly visit and purchase with the firm, we analyze the relative efficacy of delayed credits vs. a natural alternative of immediate discounts. In my third essay, I explore a firm's optimal pricing strategy when it simultaneously rents and sells a product for which consumers have a priori valuation uncertainty.
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Sheikh, Adnan. "Consumer response to road pricing: Operational and demographic effects." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54412.
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The High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes on Atlanta, Georgia’s radial I-85 had long been providing sub-optimal throughput in the peak traffic hours, as the two-person occupancy requirement allowed the lanes to become heavily congested. The Georgia Department of Transportation converted 15.5 miles of HOV 2+ lanes to High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes, one in each direction on I-85. The lanes use dynamic value pricing to set toll levels based on the volume and average speed of traffic in the lanes. The goal of this research was to investigate the responses to toll lane pricing and the factors that appear to inform lane choice decisions, as well as examining values of travel time savings and toll price elasticity for users of the Express Lanes. This study of the metropolitan Atlanta I-85 Express Lanes operates at the microscopic level to examine the impact of demographic characteristics, congestion levels, and pricing on users’ decisions to use or not use the I-85 Express Lanes.
The dissertation examined the value of travel time savings distributions across income segments. The differences in these distributions among lower, medium, and higher income households were marginal at best. The results did not indicate that higher income households had the highest value of travel time savings results, as may have been expected. The modeling work performed here provided a number of insights into toll lane use. The determinants of lane choice decision-making in the morning peak had notable differences from the determinants of the afternoon peak. The initial analysis involved models which were estimated across three different income segments to examine differences in decision making between low, medium, and higher income households. The results indicated that the parameters were largely consistent across the three segments. Further segmenting the households showed that lane choice determinants varied more within the ‘Higher’ income segment than across the original three-segment structure. In particular, the five-segment models illustrated lower elasticities with regard to corridor segment counts and toll levels for the highest-income households in the sample, as well as higher household income level elasticities for afternoon trips by that same cohort.
The research was among the first in the available literature to use revealed preference lane use data for both the toll lane users and the unpriced general purpose lane users. The use of household level marketing data, rather than census or survey data, was another unique characteristic of this research. The analysis of value of travel time savings with a demographic component that looks at household income has not yet been seen in the literature; similarly, the findings regarding differing behavior among very high income households appear to be unseen in the existing literature. The results from this analysis, such as willingness-to-pay values for different population segments, will be useful inputs to the decisions surrounding future HOT implementations in the Atlanta region. The use of new data sources, the evaluation of those types of data sources, and the application of methods that have previously been unused in this field make up the primary contributions of this dissertation.
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Kaplo, Maria, and Adam Lundkvist. "How to stay relevant in a time of digital marketing : Investigating the perspectives of marketing agencies and business firms." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28756.
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Background: We certainly live in a digitalized world, most of the European countries will have at least half of their population being smartphone users. Marketers wants to use social media marketing as a way to both reach and interact with their consumers, in a fashion that has not been available before. Problem: Consumers today are exposed to more marketing messages than ever, partly because that the consumers now are carrying around technology everywhere they go, but also because of the increase of popularity regarding the different social media platforms. Since the consumers’ presence on the digital media channels is high, the business firms have to keep up. This change has affected many firms in a different way and certainly the marketing agencies as well. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the modern marketing landscape, in regards to digital marketing and the affects it has had on marketing agencies as well as the companies themselves. Method: The study is exploratory and has an inductive approach using qualitative research in order to fulfill the purpose of the paper. Semi-structured interviews are chosen to gather the empirical data for the research. The semi-structured interviews are afterwards analyzed through a classical inductive data analysis. Conclusions: The perceptions of the changes in the marketing landscape is that the consumers are today demanding a two-way communication with firms through social media. The most important marketing tools are within the digital world; the ecosystem of google but also advertising tools in Facebook. Most firms have noticed their customers’ demand about having the firms present online and have thereby adapted and gone online. The marketing agencies have adapted to the changes and specialized themselves online, rather than in traditional marketing. Many agencies have changed their name to “communication agencies” rather than “marketing/ advertising agencies”. Some firms do still seek professional help (marketing agencies) with applying the digital marketing, but most firms do it by themselves. The reasons behind it may differ from firm to firm.Bakgrund: Dagens samhälle är sannerligen digitaliserad, över hälften av befolkningen i majoriteten av de europeiska länderna kommer inom en framtid att vara smartphone-användare. Marknadsförare vill använda sig av social media i deras marknadsföring för att kunna nå samt interagera med sina kunder på ett sätt som inte har varit möjligt tidigare. Problem: Dagens konsumenter är exponerade för mer marknadsföring än någonsin tidigare. Delvis på grund utav att dessa konsumenter ständigt bär med sig den teknologi som möjliggör denna marknadsföring. Detta beror även på den ökade populariteten runt olika sociala media plattformar. Ända sedan konsumenterna började med att använda digital media har detta ökat stadigt. Firmorna måste därför kämpa med att hålla tempot för att tillfredsställa marknaden. Denna förändring har påverkat flertalet firmor på olika sätt, även marknadsbyråer har påverkats av detta. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka det moderna marknadsförings-landskapet, med fördjupning i digitala medier och dess effekt på marknadsförings-byråer och vanliga företag. Metod: Denna undersökning är en explorativ studie och använder sig av en induktiv metod, där kvalitativ forskning har används för att uppfylla syftet. Intervjuerna som gjorts har varit semi-strukturerade, och denna data har analyserats med hjälp av en klassisk induktiv dataanalys. Slutsats: De generella uppfattningarna gällande det aktuella marknadslandkapet är att dagens konsumenter kräver en två vägs kommuniké med firmorna genom sociala medier. Därför finner vi de viktigaste marknadsföringsinstrumenten i den digitala världen genom Googles ekosystem, men också genom de reklamverktyg som bland annat går att finna på Facebook. De flesta firmorna har lagt märke till konsumenternas nyfunna krav gällande att ha firmorna tillgängliga online och har därför anpassat sig till detta. Marknadsbyråerna har anpassat sig till förändringarna genom att specialisera sig på digital marknadsföring istället för traditionell marknadsföring. Många marknadsbyråer kallar sig numera för ”kommunikations-byråer” istället för att inkludera orden ”reklam” eller ”marknadsföring” i namnet. Vissa företag söker efter professionell hjälp, anledningarna varierar mellan varje specifik firma.
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Veloso, Luís Ferreira Pinto. "Being ahead of its time the consumer resistance phenomenon: a comparative case study research." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/12081.
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As empresas frequentemente negligenciam o fenômeno da resistência dos consumidores, culminando em investimentos em vão que podem comprometer a sustentabilidade financeira da empresa. Em um mundo onde a novidade é solicitada pelo mercado, as empresas impulsionadas por inovação devem perceber se os consumidores estão preparados para receber uma tecnologia disruptiva. Neste cenário, a difusão tecnológica tornou-se um tema importante de debate entre os pesquisadores. A resistência dos consumidores, no entanto, tem sido negligenciada na literatura. Este estudo analisa as características de inovação percepcionáveis que inibem a massa crítica de consumidores a adotar produtos tecnológicos. Além disso, este estudo complementa a literatura atual, fornecendo resultados empíricos e testando a teoria existente. O projeto de pesquisa tem uma abordagem qualitativa de estudo de caso múltiplo, investigando as características mais relevantes de dois produtos tecnológicos disruptivos que foram rejeitados pela maioria dos consumidores, versus outros dois produtos tecnológicos disruptivos que foram positivamente reconhecidos. Os resultados mostram que a compatibilidade com o estilo de vida do cliente constitui o fator mais importante que levanta barreiras para a adoção.
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陳偉生 and Wai-sang William Chan. "The relationship between on-time performance and service evaluation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3126699X.
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Ang, Swee Hoon. "The impact of the passage of time on consumer evaluation of experience and credence qualities in a service." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30813.
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Although research on consumer evaluation/perception of attribute quality is extensive, few have investigated the factors influencing perception of credence qualities, qualities that cannot be determined immediately after product use. Two sets of credence qualities were identified, those that can be determined through the acquisition of expert information and those that are determinable only through the passage of time after product use. Using a home banking service as the experimental context, subjects used the service by requesting a specified transaction to be carried out. They learnt how accurate it was carried out either immediately or a simulated one month after using the service. It was found that how soon subjects received information about its transactional accuracy influenced their evaluation/perception of its credence qualities that are related to the passage of time (e.g. security of personal access code and confidentiality of financial record) but not those that were not related to the passage of time but could be determined through the acquisition of expert information (e.g., sophistication of computer language used). As predicted, subjects who learnt a month later that their requested transaction was accurately carried out rated security and confidentiality higher than those who received the same information but immediately after use. Those who experienced an inaccurate service rated such qualities significantly lower when they learnt of its inaccuracy a month later than immediately after use. No difference in perception was found for credence qualities that are determinable through an expert and not over time. The results suggest that similarity between the known and perceived attribute qualities in terms of whether they are revealed over time or independently of time (such as through expert information) is a major influence on consumer's evaluation/perception of credence qualities. Theoretical, methodological, and managerial implications arising from this research are furnished.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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Carey, Lindsey Isabelle. "The impact of time perspective on consumer decision-making in the context of ethical shopping." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517686.
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Leybourne, S. J. "Kalman filtering and the estimation of systems of consumer demand equations with time-varying coefficients." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234770.
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Montes, Joshua Kenneth. "The Effects of Changes in the National Terror Alert Level on Consumer Behavior." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1146084836.
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Lin, Shu-Chin. "Aggregation and time series implications of state-dependent consumption /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737881.
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Högström, Julia, and Ellen Wallin. "Programmatic Advertising: A Quantitative Study of Consumer Attitudes Towards Highly Frequent Online Ads." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33990.
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Because of the adaptation to technological and social changes, the advertising environment is constantly evolving and today the central part of online advertising is called Programmatic advertising. It’s an automated media buying technique that involves targeting individual consumers in real-time. However, previous research shows that high frequency is one of the most important issues within programmatic advertising and not all ads bought programmatically is in frame of a good frequency. Furthermore, theories indicate that frequency influences consumers’ attitudes towards advertising, which lead to our research question: “How does high frequency exposure affect consumers’ attitudes towards programmatic advertising?” The purpose of this research is therefore to get a deeper understanding of how highly frequent exposure of programmatic advertising affect consumers’ attitudes towards it. We found that Irritation, Invasiveness, Likeability of relevance and Recognition are terms examined in previous studies related to individually targeted advertising or frequently exposed advertising. In order to carry out an explanatory research, we measured these variables including frequency with a quantitative survey and made statistical calculations such as correlation and regression analyses to see if our hypotheses were supported. The analyses indicated average causal relationships between Frequency and Irritation as well as between Frequency and Likeability of relevance whereas the causal relationships between Frequency and the other two variables were weak. We concluded based on our study that highly frequent exposed programmatic advertising is affecting consumer attitudes both positively with relevance, and negatively causing irritation. However, the relevance that comes with programmatic advertising generates a stronger feeling of likeability than of irritation.Annonsering utvecklas ständigt, främst genom anpassning till tekniska och sociala förändringar, och idag kallas den centrala delen av onlineannonsering för Programmatisk annonsering. Det är en automatiserad metod för att köpa individuellt riktade annonser i realtid. Tidigare forskning visar dock att hög frekvens är ett av de viktigaste problemen inom programmatisk annonsering. Vidare indikerar tidigare teorier att frekvens influerar konsumenters attityder gentemot annonsering vilket ledde fram till vår problemformulering: “Hur påverkar hög frekvens av programmatisk annonsering konsumenters attityder?”. Vårt syfte med uppsatsen var därmed att få en djupare förståelse för hur frekvent exponering av programmatisk annonsering påverkar konsumenters attityder mot det. Vi konstaterade att Irritation, Inkräktande, Relevans och Igenkännande är termer som är granskade i tidigare forskning relaterat till individuell riktning av annonsering eller frekvent annonsering. För att kunna genomföra en förklarande undersökning mätte vi dessa variabler samt Frekvens i ett kvantitativt frågeformulär och gjorde statistiska uträkningar som korrelation - och regressionsanalyser för att se om vi har stöd för våra hypoteser. Analyserna indikerade ett medelstarkt kausalt samband mellan Frekvens och Irritation samt mellan Frekvens och Relevans medan de kausala sambanden mellan Frekvens och de två andra variablerna var svagt. Baserat på vår studie kunde vi dra slutsatsen att frekvent exponering av programmatisk annonsering påverkar konsumenters attityder både positivt genom relevans och negativt genom skapandet av irritation. Relevansen som kommer med programmatisk annonsering genererade dock högre uppskattning än känslan av irritation.
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Smith, Aaron D. "Stochastic permanent breaks /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9938588.
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Lodree, Emmett. "Mathematical models for minimizing customer response time in two echelon supply chain systems /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036843.
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Watson, Ryan. "Inquiries Into Sexual Minority Youth and Young Adults Over Time and Across Cultures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338686.
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Sexual minorities or those minoritized as a result of the expressed or assumed sexual orientations and identities (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer), by virtue of their sometimes stigmatized identities, oftentimes report deleterious and unprovoked experiences of harassment, victimization, and prejudice. For several decades, research has confirmed that lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals are at high risk for maladaptive outcomes, including higher rates of suicidality, depression, substance use and abuse, and anxiety disorders. The goal of this dissertation was to 1) document and compare these disparities across two cultures, 2) disentangle social support systems that are important to sexual minorities, and 3) identify factors that best protect sexual minorities against the effects of bias-based bullying. Large datasets were used to compare, understand, and trace the processes of interpersonal relational support on adjustment for sexual minorities. Specifically, different cultural normativities were hypothesized to explain differences in adjustment across culture, parent support was hypothesized to be most associated with lower depression and higher self-esteem, and parent acceptance was expected to buffer the relation between bias-based bullying and depression for sexual minorities. These expectations were generally supported and demonstrate the clear role that parents and friends contribute to mental health for sexual minorities. Implications for future research, parents, teachers, and other stakeholders are discussed in different contexts of sexual minority adjustment.
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Martin, David Spencer O'Neill Martin. "Exploring the effect of emoiton [sic] on time-elapsed consumer peceptions [sic] of servic [sic] a reexamination of the satisfaction construct /." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/MARTIN_DAVID_4.pdf.
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Badiger, Aishwarya Satish. "Consumer Food Waste Reduction using Dynamic Labelling and Predictive Shelf-life Modelling for Pasteurized Milk." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1532015322705163.
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Alpman, Anil. "Consumer behavior, household production and shadow prices : applications to the allocation of time and to social interactions." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E045.
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Certaines ressources ne peuvent pas être échangées sur le marché mais elles peuvent être valorisées par les prix virtuels. Je dérive théoriquement 3 types de prix virtuels dont j'estime structurellement la valeur au niveau individuel afin d'analyser leurs effets sur le comportement et le bien-être des individus. J'apparie statistiquement les enquêtes Consumer Expenditure et American Time Use en utilisant une procédure d'appariement qui résout les faiblesses des procédures standards. Premièrement, j'estime le prix virtuel du temps qui nécessite des étapes permettant l'estimation d'une fonction d'utilité, qui dépend du temps et des biens marchands, que j'utilise comme une nouvelle mesure de bien-être. Les résultats montrent que la réallocation du temps a permis d'absorber 30% de l'effet néfaste de la Grande Récession. Je calcule ensuite le prix virtuel de 5 activités (produites par le consommateur), telles que le loisir et l'alimentation, afin d'estimer les élasticités des utilisations du temps (y compris l'offre de travail) et de la demande d'activité par rapport au revenu complet, au prix virtuel du temps, au prix virtuel des activités, au salaire, et au prix des biens marchands. Le troisième prix virtuel que j'aborde fournit le coût du sous-emploi/chômage en fonction de caractéristiques individuelles. Cela permet d'évaluer le coût d'opportunité des politiques d'emplois et de déterminer le niveau des allocations chômage. Finalement, je propose une reformulation de la théorie des normes sociales où j'analyse les déterminants de la désobéissance aux normes sociales ; et l'effet de la désobéissance sur les prix virtuels, le comportement individuel et, enfin, sur la croissanceMany resources cannot be exchanged and priced on the markets but they can be valued by shadow prices. In this thesis, I theoretically derive 3 kinds of shadow prices and structurally estimate them at the individual level to analyze their effects on the behavior and the welfare of individuals. I combine the consumer expenditure and the American time use surveys (2004-2012) using a statistical matching procedure that overcomes the shortcomings of standard procedures. I first estimate the shadow price of time, which involves several steps where a utility function is estimated as a proxy for a new kind of well-being measure that depends on the amounts of time and market goods: it is shown that the reallocation of the forgone market work hours absorbed 30% of the Great Recession's negative welfare impact. Then, I compute the shadow prices of 5 home-produced activities (e.g., leisure and food) to estimate the elasticities of the time allocation functions (including the labor supply) and the demand elasticities of the activities with respect to the full income, the shadow price of time, the shadow price of the activities, the wage rate, and the price of market goods. The third shadow price addressed in this thesis yields the costs of under/unemployment as a function of demographic characteristics, which is essential for evaluating the opportunity cost of unemployment policies and for setting the level of unemployment benefits. Finally, I propose a reformulation of the theory of social norms where I analyze the determinants of the disobedience level to social norms along the effects of the disobedience on shadow prices, individuals' behavior, and, eventually, on economic growth
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Celebi, Emre. "MODELS OF EFFICIENT CONSUMER PRICING SCHEMES IN ELECTRICITY MARKETS." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/811.
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Suppliers in competitive electricity markets regularly respond to prices that change hour by hour or even more frequently, but most consumers respond to price changes on a very different time scale, i. e. they observe and respond to changes in price as reflected on their monthly bills. This thesis examines mixed complementarity programming models of equilibrium that can bridge the speed of response gap between suppliers and consumers, yet adhere to the principle of marginal cost pricing of electricity. It develops a computable equilibrium model to estimate the time-of-use (TOU) prices that can be used in retail electricity markets. An optimization model for the supply side of the electricity market, combined with a price-responsive geometric distributed lagged demand function, computes the TOU prices that satisfy the equilibrium conditions. Monthly load duration curves are approximated and discretized in the context of the supplier's optimization model. The models are formulated and solved by the mixed complementarity problem approach. It is intended that the models will be useful (a) in the regular exercise of setting consumer prices (i. e. , TOU prices that reflect the marginal cost of electricity) by a regulatory body (e. g. , Ontario Energy Board) for jurisdictions (e. g. , Ontario) where consumers' prices are regulated, but suppliers offer into a competitive market, (b) for forecasting in markets without price regulation, but where consumers pay a weighted average of wholesale price, (c) in evaluation of the policies regarding time-of-use pricing compared to the single pricing, and (d) in assessment of the welfare changes due to the implementation of TOU prices.
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Letkiewicz, Jodi Christie. "Households’ Propensity to Meet the Capital Accumulation Ratio Over Time: Evidence from the 1992-2007 Surveys of Consumer Finance." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282056704.
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Alia, Hayyan. "Microfinance Consumer Research : Diaries, Surveys and Experiments." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA0004.
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La thèse comporte sept chapitres. Nous présentons, dans le premier chapitre, une étude qui montre les traits particuliers des pauvres et la façon dont ils perçoivent leur propre pauvreté. Le second chapitre est consacré à une revue de la littérature sur l'utilisation d'agenda de gestion du temps comme outil de collecte de données en recherche qualitative. Le troisième chapitre propose une version modifiée du "modèle de portefeuille économique du ménage” (HEP) de Chen et Dunn (1996). Le modèle modifié (M-HEP) permet une évaluation non expérimentale de 1’impact de la microfinance. Nous l’avons mis en place via la collecte d’informations simples auto-déclarées sur 1’utilisation quotidienne du temps et de l’argent auprès d'un échantillon de femmes pauvres du Caire (Egypte). Le quatrième chapitre propose une étude testant ce modèle (M-HEP) auprès de personnes en situation de handicap. Le cinquième chapitre s'attache à une étude qui souligne une limite des journaux combinés "non stylisés" ou "non-directifs". Le sixième chapitre expose l’utilisation de jeux expérimentaux sur un échantillon de population du Caire en comparant le comportement des clients de la microfinance à celui de non-clients. Le dernier chapitre expose une étude d’évaluation d’impact de la microfinance sur le genre au Mali, utilisant une méthode quasi-expérimentale. Enfin, en guise de conclusion, nous préconisons 1’utilisation du modèle M-HEP dans l’étude de l’évaluation de I’impact de la microfinance. Nous avons effectué’ une étude comparative des trois méthodes utilisées dans la thèse à savoir la méthode qualitative non-expérimentale et les méthodes quantitatives expérimentales et quasi-expérimentalesThe thesis is built on seven chapters. In chapter 1, we explore the views on poverty of a sample of poor women. In chapter 2, we review the literature on the use of time-diary in research. Chapter 3 develops and investigates the diary method as a qualitative non-experimental impact evaluation tool. For this objective, we study "the household economic portfolio model (HEP)“ a comprehensive impact evaluation model designed by Chen and Dunn (1996) that overcomes the obstacle of fungibility of money. We propose a modified version (M-HEP), a simplified framework for non- experimental evaluation of impact with clear assessment units and efficient measurement tools. The collection of simple self-reported information on the daily use of time and money is suggested for implementing the model. We test our proposition with a case study from Cairo. In chapter 4, we provide another test of the combined diaries through a case study on two poor single mothers one of whom is handicapped. In chapter 5, we present a fina1 example on the combined diary of a poor woman. The study highlights one limitation in the non-stylized combined diary approach. In chapter 6, we use experimental games in Cairo to study two aspects of behavioral microfinance by comparing microfinance clients to non-clients. In chapter 7, we present an impact evaluation study on microfinance in Mali, using the quasi-experimental statistical technique. Finally, we conclude the thesis suggesting applications of the M-HEP, and comparing the three methods used in the thesis. This comparisons aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods when used for evaluating microfinance impact
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Okudo, Melkizedeck S. "Scaling consumer fintech ventures : how firms seek to extend their initial technology advantage and capture value over time." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111447.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 21-22).
The fintech sector has experienced intense interest from financial industry participants as the number of fintech start-ups has proliferated and robust growth statistics have prompted financial sector incumbents to respond with their own investments in the sector. As a result of the rapid increase in competition, innovators who have created value have found challenges to capture and deliver this value to end users with sustainable business models. This thesis presents the results of a study of the leading fintech firms using the lens of a value capture and value delivery framework. The framework reveals not only how these firms have successfully navigated through this challenging landscape, but also how they need to be aware of the evolving competitive dynamics over time. The insights presented have implications for potential entrants that seek to launch a consumer focused fintech firm. In particular, a review of the experiences of the most prominent fintech firms reveals how they have used technology to uncover under-served markets and have sought to differentiate themselves and extend their initial advantage by scaling and through strategic partnerships with incumbents.
by Melkizedeck S. Okudo.
M.B.A.
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Garnett, Rebecca. "Examining the Effects of Psychographics, Demographics, and Geographics on Time-Related Shopping Behaviors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33151/.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of psychographic (shopping orientation, lifestyle, social class), demographic (gender, ethnicity, age), and geographic (area of residence) variables on time-related shopping behaviors when shopping for clothing for the self. The concept of time-related shopping behaviors has not been the focus of any study of the American market. Data (N = 550) were collected via a questionnaire with an online survey company. Through analysis of chi square statistics, ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and factor analysis, it was found that psychographics and demographics affected time-related and other shopping behaviors. Geographics was found to affect shopping behavior, but not specifically the time-related shopping behaviors studied.
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Romero, Marisabel. "An Altered Sense of Magnitude: Exploring How the Visual Presentation of Time, Space, and Numbers Can Influence Consumer Judgments and Behaviors." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6371.
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Consumers are constantly evaluating quantitative information, such as the prices of different products, the time spent on an activity, or the distance covered during one day. Substantial research in psychology has demonstrated that judgments of quantity in one dimension (e.g., numbers) influence subsequent judgments on another dimension (e.g., time). The present research contributes to a growing body of work by exploring how the shared representation of time, space, and numbers affects consumer perceptions and behaviors.
My first dissertation essay explores how the organization of time on a spatial plane affects temporal judgments, product evaluations, and intertemporal discounting (i.e., time-space interaction). It has been well documented that Western consumers typically arrange temporal sequences following a past-left, future-right spatial pattern. Merging insights gained from numerical cognition and time psychology, the author develops a framework to explain how displaying temporal sequences congruently with this spatial organization of time increases subjective estimations of time and biases consumers toward present rewards.
My second dissertation essay seeks to understand how and why expressing quantitative information in symbolic code (i.e., “6”) compared to verbal code (i.e., “six”) affects magnitude judgments and product evaluations (i.e., time-number interaction). Two rival accounts to explain the symbol-verbal effect are described and tested: (1) a systematic processing account based on Arabic symbols’ perceptual and cognitive features and (2) a fluency account based on the frequency of use and facilitation of processing Arabic symbols. This research has important managerial implications related to the effective communication of quantitative information.
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Hansen, Karen Udy. "Relationship Between Infant Reactivity and Maternal Emotional Well-Being During the Early Postpartum Period at Two Points in Time." DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2737.
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This study examined the relationship between infants' reactivity and mothers' emotionality during the early postpartum period, specifically during the first days of life and again by three months of age. The Clinical Neonatal Behavioral Scale (CLNBAS) was used to evaluate the infants. The mothers were evaluated at the same time by responding to questions on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).
Forty-six mother-infant dyads were recruited from the Logan Regional Hospital childbirth classes for first-time parents. Minimum criteria for participation were that the mother must be married, be at least 18 years of age, have at least a high school education, with the infant must having a minimum APGAR score of 7 on the second APGAR evaluation and being the firstborn. There were 27 male and 19 female infants in the study.
After the initial sign-up for participation, the mothers were contacted prior to the baby's due date and arrangements were made to visit them for the first evaluation in the home. At the time of the first evaluation (TI ), a date was set for the second evaluation (T2).
Several aspects of the mother-infant interactive process and the relationship between mothers' emotionality and the infants' reactivity were noted in the collected data. This study focused mainly on the infants' reactivity to the social emotional items of the CLNBAS in relationship to the mothers' EPDS scores or level of emotionality, but other CLNBAS areas were also studied.
Infants' reactivity Tl and mothers' emotionality T2 had a statistically significant relationship for CLNBAS items, "response to face and voice" and "tracking the red ball." Mothers previously diagnosed with depression scored higher on the EPDS Tl and T2 than mothers not previously diagnosed as depressed, and their infants scored lower on the CLNBAS when compared to the infants whose mothers were not previously diagnosed with depression.
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Nicolson, Moira Lindsey. "Using behavioural science to increase consumer adoption of time-of-use electricity tariffs : evidence from survey and field experiments." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10044460/.
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A challenge for realising the benefits of smart meters, promoting energy security and decarbonising electricity is encouraging domestic consumers to switch from flat-rate electricity tariffs to a new generation of time of use (TOU) tariffs. However, a greater challenge is how to ensure that the right consumers sign up and that consent is informed: not all consumers will save money on a TOU tariff and evidence shows that a sizeable minority could be financially worse off. In a marked departure from the existing literature, this thesis argues that opt-out enrolment (a type of ‘nudge’) is unlikely to be a suitable method of recruiting consumers onto TOU tariffs, even though it could achieve almost universal enrolment. The first study shows that half of British energy consumers are unable to make informed choices about the cost-effective tariff for them, particularly those in low socio-economic grades. Consumers are therefore unlikely to opt-out of being switched onto a TOU tariff, even when unsuitable. Results from three further studies covering a collective sample size of 16,000 participants, show that tailoring the marketing of TOU tariffs towards electric vehicle (EV) owners could increase demand for TOUs amongst EV owners whilst reducing demand amongst non-EV owners, who pose less of a burden to the electricity network and are less likely to save money from switching. Unlike opt-out enrolment, tailored marketing is an ‘effective and selective’ nudge (Johnson, 2016). Unlike personalised defaults, tailored marketing can achieve informed consent. The results have implications for multiple ‘smart’ energy programmes, from signing up to TOU tariffs or direct load control contracts to participating in vehicle-to-grid services. In each case, a decision will need to be made about whether consumers will be left to opt-in or opt-out of such services, and to what extent it matters that consent is informed.
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Huaman, Ramirez Richard. "When is consumer desire impacted by difficulty of recall ? : the effects of the type of information, expectation and time pressure." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1054/document.
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Cette thèse doctorale démontre que la difficulté pour un consommateur de se rappeler ses expériences passées de consommation d’un produit préféré influence son désir. Plus particulièrement, ce travail étudie comment le désir est influencé par le type d’information, sémantique ou épisodique, que l’individu se rappelle sur ses expériences passées de consommation pendant une tâche de rappel difficile, ainsi que par la difficulté attendue de la tâche de rappel et par la pression du temps. Nous avons utilisé une méthode expérimentale et avons conduit trois études empiriques. Les hypothèses ont été testées à partir de données collectées de trois échantillons différents : des consommateurs Péruviens, Chinois et Français. Les participants sont principalement des étudiants universitaires. Un total d’onze scénarios expérimentaux ont été présentés aux participants, incluant divers types de produits (boissons rafraîchissantes, produits hédoniques et activités de loisir). Notre contribution peut aider les professionnels en marketing à agir en prenant en compte le rappel des consommations gratifiantes passées. Afin d’évoquer davantage de désir chez le consommateur, les conditions devraient rendre difficile le fait pour celui-ci de se rappeler ses expériences gratifiantes de consommation passées ; les marketeurs devraient se focaliser notamment sur l’information sémantique des expériences passées et soumettre le consommateur à une pression temporelle. Cette recherche se focalise sur un rappel holistique d’expériences passées et sur le processus de récupération d’information à partir de la mémoire, et confirme la théorie du processus dual de Chaiken et Trope (1998)This thesis demonstrates that difficulty in recalling past consumption of a preferred product influences the desire to consume that product. More specifically, this research evaluate how desire is influenced by what kind of information from past consumption experience is recalled (semantic or episodic information) during a difficult recall task, by the expected difficulty of recall task, and by time pressure. An experimental method was adopted and three empirical studies were conducted. Hypotheses were tested on data collected across different samples: Peruvian, Chinese, and French consumers. Participants were principally university students. A total of eleven experimental scenarios were presented to participants including different types of products (soft drinks, hedonic products, and leisure activities). Questionnaires were administrated by web and face-to-face. Our contribution has the potential to help marketers take action regarding the recall of past rewarding consumptions. To evoke more desire, consumers must be conditioned to difficult recalls of past consumptions of preferred products; marketers must specially focus on semantic information of past experiences and condition consumers with a time pressure. The results suggest that the type of information processed (semantic versus episodic) and time pressure influence the effect of the difficult recall of past consumption on desire. This research focuses on a holistic recall of past experiences and the retrieval process of information from memory, and confirms the Chaiken and Trope (1998)’s Dual-Process Theory
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Su, Lishan. "Impacts of mass media coverage of the economy during normal times and recessions on the Index of Consumer Confidence using time series analysis and Granger causal analysis /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Winn, David. "An analysis of neural networks and time series techniques for demand forecasting." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004362.
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This research examines the plausibility of developing demand forecasting techniques which are consistently and accurately able to predict demand. Time Series Techniques and Artificial Neural Networks are both investigated. Deodorant sales in South Africa are specifically studied in this thesis. Marketing techniques which are used to influence consumer buyer behaviour are considered, and these factors are integrated into the forecasting models wherever possible. The results of this research suggest that Artificial Neural Networks can be developed which consistently outperform industry forecasting targets as well as Time Series forecasts, suggesting that producers could reduce costs by adopting this more effective method.
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Czarnotta, Westerlund Sophie, and Isabelle Vörén. "Is it time to share? : a qualitative study of consumers’ attitudes and engagement on platforms in the sharing economy." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18260.
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The sharing economy is a fast-growing movement where consumers share and exchange underutilised goods and services on digital platforms. Today, these sharing platforms are being dominated by millennials due to their inherent digital mindset and awareness of global issues. As a result of this movement, consumer attitudes and engagement are important to study as it helps us understand, influence and respond to the needs of consumers. To this end, the purpose of this paper is to further explore this concept of the sharing economy and to examine consumer attitudes and engagement towards sharing platforms. The research conducted in this study was exploratory and an abductive approach was used. Qualitative data was collected through five focus groups to understand different attitudes and perspectives in relation to sharing platforms. Results indicated that attitudes are generated differently among millennials due to various demographic and cultural differences. The study contributes with a revised attitude model and provides insights for businesses and entrepreneurs who seek to engage on sharing platforms. This research study provides new insights to the field of the sharing economy as no previous research, to the best of our knowledge, has been conducted on millennials’ attitudes and engagement. For future studies on the topic, we emphasise the importance to choose one or similar platforms and to distinguish the types of millennials so that a more targeted analysis can be conducted.
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Gauna, David Hernan. "The Code of Banking Practice : a good time and place to formally start recognizing consumer charge back rights in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60046.
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In South Africa, the robust banking sector may be overwhelming to its clients and may even leave them vulnerable to their business practice. Banks support card purchases but some are reticent about their role in chargebacks. The Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 provides for some very noble refund remedies but if these remedies are not enforced by banks, they prove ineffective. The banks own the credit transfer process but neither the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 nor the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 compels them to chargeback credit card transactions and the consumer is therefore left without protection. This means that if a customer buys a service using his credit card and seeks a chargeback from his bank for a valid reason, there is no recourse for the customer in terms of the contract with the bank and the customer is left at the mercy of the bank and the rules and regulations of the credit card operator with whom the customer does not have a contract.
Similarly debit card purchases and electronic fund transfers (EFT) also fall short of protection as the banks? reticence follows through to these as well. The bank is under no obligation to assist the client with disputed transactions and this can be appreciated from the wording in card agreements, some more notably than others. That been said, the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 does contemplate payment for goods and services using a credit or a debit card but fails to call on the banks to assist the consumer. The code of banking practice does not come to the aid of the consumer either as the voluntary commitments are limited to some aspects of cheques, debit orders, foreign exchange, internet telephone and cell phone banking. The aforementioned payment services have chargeback references or provisions which protect the customer; however the code makes no mention of payment services linked to debit and credit card payments.
In practice, a third party card operator attends to dispute resolution and chargebacks but accrues no contractual responsibility towards the client, nor are the card operators subject to South African law and jurisdiction. In this paper, the client bank relationship is also examined as the bank is in the precarious position of having to make or break a client. The mechanics behind the real time gross settlement system of South Africa in order to understand what can and cannot be done is also discussed. Coming back to the refund provisions in the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 only two of them stipulate a timeline within which to effect the refund but the international card operator is not bound by these timelines. Also, there is no visibility as to the debit and credit mechanisms between the client?s bank and the merchant?s bank and if a dispute is resolved within 3 or 4 days there is nothing preventing the merchant?s bank or the client?s bank from taking 120 days to credit the client. The banks would then have the opportunity to create a healthy cash flow at the expense of the aggrieved customer. This dissertation also calls on the Competition Commission to test the code of banking practice against prohibited practices and it calls on the legislator to address consumer chargeback rights in appropriate legislation. Lastly a recommendation with regard to wording that must be introduced into the code of banking practice to enforce chargeback rights is made as well as a suggestion to the utilization of existing Ombudsman and registered paralegals.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Jhala, Kumarsinh. "Coordinated electric vehicle charging with renewable energy sources." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19767.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Balasubramaniam Natarajan
Anil Pahwa
Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular because of their low operating costs and environmentally friendly operation. However, the anticipated increase of EV usage and increased use of renewable energy sources and smart storage devices for EV charging presents opportunities as well as challenges. Time-varying electricity pricing and day-ahead power commitment adds another dimension to this problem. This thesis, describes development of coordinated EV charging strategies for renewable energy-powered charging stations at homes and parking lots. We develop an optimal control theory-based charging strategy that minimizes power drawn from the electricity grid while utilizing maximum energy from renewable energy sources. Specifically, we derive a centralized iterative control approach in which charging rates of EVs are optimized one at a time. We also propose an algorithm that maximizes profits for parking lot operators by advantageously utilizing time-varying electricity pricing while satisfying system constraints. We propose a linear programming-based strategy for EV charging, and we specifically derive a centralized linear program that minimizes charging costs for parking lot operators while satisfying customer demand in available time. Then we model EV charging behavior of Active Consumers. We develop a real-time pricing scheme that results in favorable load profile for electric utility by influencing EV charging behavior of Active Consumers. We develop this pricing scheme as a game between electric utility and Active Consumers, in which the electric utilities decide optimal electricity prices that minimize peak-to-average load ratio and Active Consumers decide optimal charging strategy that minimizes EV charging costs for Active Consumers.
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Nernst, Birte Freya. "The influence of uncertainty on consumer decisions. An explorative study on the acceptance of flexible time-range tickets in the airline industry." Institut für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/912/1/document.pdf.
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At the moment the airline industry has to cope with low load factors and especially network-carriers have to face low yields. This thesis introduces flexible time-range tickets as a new ticket type which does not specify the actual routing for a flight from A to B at the time of purchase. Therefore, it is offered to time insensitive passengers at a discount. A certain time prior to departure, passengers are assigned to a specific flight with ample capacity based on more accurate demand forecasts. The goal of the author was to find out if flexible time-range tickets would be accepted by customers and how they would have to be designed. In order to answer these questions, the author provides a theoretical background about how consumers and airlines deal with uncertainty in the first part of the paper. It has been conducted on the basis of relevant literature such as recent journal articles, books and an interview with an airline representative. The analysis itself consists of a qualitative study on the acceptance of flexible timerange tickets. It is based on eleven in-depth interviews with persons who could represent potential customers of flexible time-range tickets. The author found out that flexible time-range tickets would be accepted by a number of potential customers if certain restrictions and requirement are met by the airlines. They could tap this market potential in order to induce additional demand and thereby improve revenues. (author's abstract)Series: Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik - Verkehr
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Dong, Fang. "A study of the 'ripple effect' on house price movement in the UK: 1969-1989 : time series analysis of the regional house price movement in the United Kingdom with tests of the 'ripple effect'." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261983.
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Mokhtar, Jonathan, Marcus Larsson, and Martin Westman. "Efterfrågeprognoser : ”En jämförelse av prognosmodeller med avseende på FMCG-marknaden”." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35868.
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An organization must manage its resource consumption and material flows in order to satisfy the demand of its products as efficiently as possible. Managing of the aforementioned requires a balance between the organizations resources (such as the capability of distribution and production) and the market demand. According to Gardner (1990), an estimation of future demand is a necessity for maintaining the balance. An instrument that is used frequently to estimate future demand is demand forecasting. The demand forecasting practice has been thoroughly studied and a plethora of academic contributions exist on the topic. However, a best practice demand forecasting method does not exist for every kind of product. The purpose of this paper is to identify which time series forecasting method that will result in the lowest error rate on fast moving consumer goods. The methods are based on sales data of 18 articles from the company Coca-Cola Enterprises Sverige AB which predominantly sells soft drinks. The majority of the theoretical framework is time series models presented by the authors Stig-Arne Mattsson, Patrik Jonsson and Steven Nahmias. The paper identifies Exponential smoothing with individual input variables as the forecasting method with the lowest error rate. The method gave the lowest possible error rate on over 55 percent of the articles. In addition, the combined error rate of the articles using Exponential smoothing with individual input variables gave the lowest overall error.
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Cabeza, De Baca Tomás. "A Journey through Time and Space: Examining the Influence of Contextual Factors on the Ontogeny of Human Life History Strategies." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/315867.
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Researchers must consider the role of context when examining the behavior and characteristics of an individual. An individual must alter development, characteristics, and behavior, to adequately meet the challenges presented within their ecology. The following dissertation presents three manuscripts that examine individual differences while considering the role ecological (spatial) and developmental (temporal) context plays on the individual. Each paper utilizes Life History Theory to examine and to integrate the study findings into a cohesive framework. Life history theory is an evolutionary-developmental theory that focuses on how allocation of bioenergetic and material resources to different developmental facets will have long-term implications for behavior, traits, and health. Each paper collectively highlights key contextual factors throughout the lifespan and seeks to understand how life history strategies emerge. Study I examined the role mother's behavior had on the development of the child unpredictability schema (i.e., worldview where children view their environment and others as unreliable). The study included 65 children and their mothers. Results revealed that child unpredictability schema was predicted by mother's mating and parental effort. A quadratic effect was also found, whereby child unpredictability schema became constant at lower levels of parental effort. Study II utilized retrospective reports of childhood parental effort from extended kin family, positive emotional environment, and traditional social values from a sample of 200 Mexican and Costa Rican college students. High levels of childcare assistance from patrilineal and matrilineal kin were associated with more positive family environment, and the association was partially mediated between kin care and slow life history. Positive associations were also found between matrilineal kin childcare and traditional Latin social values. Study III utilized a nationally-representative, all-female sample to test whether higher reproductive effort increases physical/mental deterioration in women. Results reveal that reproductive effort and illness were mediated by both antioxidant defenses and inflammation. The results of the three studies broadly support hypotheses generated from Life History Theory. Contextual factors during key developmental stages have an impact on how an individual will allocate time and bioenergetic resources - thus contributing to specific behavioral life history strategies.
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Ferreira, Luís Filipe Colvier de Assunção. "Plano de comunicação integrada de marketing para a empresa Extra Time Solutions, Lda." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11620.
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Mestrado em MarketingNeste trabalho é apresentado o plano de comunicação integrada de marketing para uma empresa em fase de constituição, que irá prestar serviços de assistência pessoal virtual em contexto Business-to-Consumer, atualmente a serem prestados pela fundadora como trabalhadora independente. O plano traça uma linha orientadora de ações operacionais e táticas de marketing para a fase de arranque e desenvolvimento da empresa, sendo os principais objetivos: (i) a angariação de novos clientes particulares e (ii) a construção e aumento de base de dados de potenciais clientes particulares. Com baixo orçamento para investimento em marketing, a estratégia passa principalmente pela comunicação online, em canais que requeiram menor investimento inicial, mas altamente mensuráveis. No seguimento desta estratégia, foi realizado um estudo, complementar ao projeto, sobre promoção através de cupões/ vouchers. O objetivo deste estudo é entender a atitude do consumidor face à utilização de cupões e desta forma avaliar a viabilidade do uso de cupões no plano de marketing. Estão ainda incluídos neste plano a monitorização, as métricas para controlo, avaliação e correção, sendo o principal indicador o número de pedidos efetuados no website da empresa.
This research presents the integrated communication marketing plan for a company being set up, which will provide virtual personal assistance services in business-to-consumer context, already being provided by the founder, as an independent worker. The plan outlines a guideline of operational and tactical marketing activities for start-up and development of the company with the main objectives: (i) achieving notoriety and (ii) acquire new clients on services destined to individuals. With a low budget marketing investment, the strategy focuses on online communication channels that require lower initial investment, but highly measurable. Following this strategy, a study on promotion through coupons / vouchers was conducted to complement the project. The objective of this study is to understand the consumer attitude towards using coupons and thus assess the feasibility of using coupons in the marketing plan. Monitoring, metrics, evaluation and correction are also included in this plan where the main indicator is the number of orders placed on the company website.
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Fang, Yi-Tse, and 方翊澤. "Optimal Consumer Electronics Product Purchase and Take-back Time with Consideration of Consumer Value." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71947357306403353399.
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博士中原大學
工業與系統工程研究所
105
Because of recent technical advancement and rapidly changing market demand, lifecycles of consumer electronics products have continuously shortened, and numerous diverse products have been developed to replace the old. The availability of many types of products and variations in product information causes consumers to worry about whether the chosen product will be easily replaced or rendered obsolete by new products. This makes it difficult to know the most appropriate time to make a purchase is. On the other hand, after purchasing a product consumers are facing the problem of when to take back the product for recycling. Environmental sustainability awareness has caused many manufacturers to release green products that have more environmentally friendly design concepts. As for how beneficial these environmentally friendly products actually are to the consumer, there has been very little discussion. In view of that, this study proposes a set of methods for consumer value and eco-efficiency evaluation from the perspective of consumers. Three models are also developed with the inclusion of the time factor to determine: the product purchase time, the product take back time and the product purchase time with take back consideration respectively. In the first model, we consider different groups of consumers and different types of products to explore the changes in consumer values and eco-efficiency to determine the optimal purchase time. Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is used to find the suggested order of purchases at different times. In the second model, we consider different usage modes for various consumer groups and different recycling award schemes (fixed and variable recycling awards) to explore the changes in consumer value in determining the optimal product take back time. Finally, the last model considers different types of products to determine the optimal purchase time taking into consideration the take back time. By incorporating the take back time, more complete and accurate information is acquired in optimizing the product purchase time in this model than in the first model. Numerical examples are included to show the capability of the proposed models in determining the optimum period of product purchasing and take back time in order to give a useful managerial insight for manufacturer, as well as to provide a reference for consumers when making decisions.
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Jun-An, Chen, and 陳潤安. "Time Pressure, Consumer Perception and PostpurchaseEvaluation in Online Shopping." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19774452206907998593.
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碩士長庚大學
企業管理研究所
94
Time pressure is a usual marketing manner in online shopping. It is generated by using time limit. Time pressure can reduce consumer hesitating and enhance consumer purchase intention. In a review of the literatures, it probes into time pressure influence by manipulating time limit. But, it seldom probes into place. And it also lacks an integrated framework to probe into the influence of time pressure on consumer perception and postpurchase evaluation. This research purpose probes into the influence of time pressure in online shopping and proposes a model that includes (1) Time pressure as exogenous variable, (2) four types of consumer perception ( perceived risk, perceived quality, perceived value, and perceived shopping plan fulfillment) and (3) two types of postpurchase evaluation (purchase intention and consumer satisfaction) as endogenous variables. Besides, this research adopt the method of the questionnaire investigation to collect data of time pressure, consumer perception, and postpurchase evaluation, and use LISREL to analysis. The finding is that time pressure will increase perceived risk and decrease perceived quality, and perceived shopping plan fulfillment directly, finally decrease perceived value, purchase intention and consumer satisfaction indirectly. Therefore, time pressure will result in consumer pressure of perception in online shopping, and reduce consumer perception and postpurchase evaluation.
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Ye, Wen-Jie, and 葉文傑. "Mining Time-Aware Consumer Attitude Toward Highlighted Product Features." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h7759n.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊管理學研究所
106
Manufacturers often introduce some highlighted features of their new products to attract consumers. However, highlighted features may or may not fulfill consumers’ needs. Therefore, we propose a framework to capture consumers’ attitude toward highlighted features and how their feedback changes with time. The proposed framework contains four phases. First, we preprocess online consumer reviews, find the highlighted features and generate seed words for each highlighted feature. Second, we modify the Latent Dirichlet Allocation Model (LDA) to iteratively collect the feature words relevant to each highlighted feature from consumer reviews. Third, for each highlighted feature, we perform sentiment analysis of the feature in each time period by using the feature words collected, and then visualize its sentiment tendency graph. Finally, we produce summaries for each highlighted feature and analyze the results obtained. The experiment results show our proposed framework can generate discriminative topics and capture the majority of feature words for each highlighted feature. Also, it can generate useful sentiment tendency graph and summary, which can provide quick references for consumers and valuable managerial insights for manufacturers.
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Huang, Yu-Jen, and 黃于真. "The Research of Consumer Time Perception in the Retailer Store." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37010103189565626316.
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碩士元智大學
企業管理學系
93
Taiwan retailing environment is comprehensive. Various types of retailers meet various types of consumers’ demand, so that enables all kinds of shopping behaviors in Taiwan. In addition, all consumers’ activities must involve the time. The objective time length may be measured by the fine timer, but the subjective time perception of consumers may not equal to the objective time, moreover the individual difference exits. Therefore, this research is to explore the influential factors of consumers’ time perception in retailers. The result shows that, task-oriented shopping has significant effect on time perception, especially the task-oriented shoppers overestimate the time perception significantly, and they feel that the time passes quite slowly. However, crowding perception has no significant effect on time perception. On the other hand, shopping enjoyment, purchasing involvement and time awareness do have moderating effects on time perception.
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Yang, Chiao-Wen, and 楊喬雯. "The effects of monetary promotion on the consumers’ prices perception: Consumer personality and time pressure as nuisance variables." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51652815688683711148.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
企業管理系碩士班
96
This research is to investigate the different monetary promotions (odd-ending price, left-digit effect) cause different price cognition under the effect of different levels of need for cognition (NFC), tolerance of ambiguity (TFA) and time pressure among consumers. This research used questionnaire to collect material and used two-way ANOVA analysis to test the effects on the consumers’ perception of prices. The conclusions are as the followings: (1) Different monetary promotions (left-digit effect, odd-ending price) will significantly affect consumers’ perception of prices, and left-digit effect is able to reveal to the odd-ending price. (2) The monetary promotions (left-digit effect, odd-ending price) with different consumers’ personality such as NFC and TFA will significantly affect consumers’ perception of prices, and that the low-NFC consumer is able to reveal to the high-NFC consumer; the high-TFA consumer is able to reveal to the low-TFA consumer. In other words, under different monetary promotions, low-NFC consumers perceive the prices of products to be less expensive than high-NFC consumers; high-TFA consumers perceive the prices of products to be less expensive than low-TFA consumers. (3)The monetary promotions (left-digit effect, odd-ending price) under time pressure will significantly affect consumers’ perception of prices, and the consumer under high time pressure is able to reveal to the low time pressure.
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ArioWisanggeni, M., and 劉炎峰. "The Impact of Time Anthropomorphism on Consumer\'s Willingness to Indulge." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98v2v9.
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