Academic literature on the topic 'Consumers Consumer goods. Modularity (Engineering)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Consumers Consumer goods. Modularity (Engineering)"
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Ren, Guo Can. "Data Mining and Heuristic Algorithm for Electronic Commerce." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.472.
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Electronic commerce is becoming increasingly important in business, but lack of intention to purchase has become a main barrier in the development of electronic commerce. Thus, effective measures are needed to promote consumers’ intentions to purchase in online consumer to consumer stores. This paper will discuss issues about goods delivery cost and delivery quality in E-commerce. According to the result of research, the paper predicts the future development trend of China E-commerce.
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Jones, Siân. "Engineering for Horticulture." Outlook on Agriculture 21, no. 3 (1992): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709202100306.
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Consumer awareness of the quality of horticultural produce is constantly increasing, together with a suspicion of the chemicals with which crops may have been treated during growth. It is the duty of the horticultural industry to supply consumers with goods that will satisfy their demand for consistent quality at a reasonable price, and to offer fruit and vegetables that have been grown with a minimum of chemical intervention. The most effective means of achieving this goal is through engineering solutions which can also improve working conditions for the growers and enhance production efficiency.
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Zuo, Meihua, Hongwei Liu, Hui Zhu, and Hongming Gao. "Dynamic property of consumer-based brand competitiveness (CBBC) in human interaction behavior." Industrial Management & Data Systems 119, no. 6 (2019): 1223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-09-2018-0403.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify potential competitive relationships among brands by analyzing the dynamic clicking behavior of consumers. Design/methodology/approach Consumer sequential online click data, collected from JD.com, is used to analyze the dynamic competitive relationship between brands. It is found that the competition intensity across categories of products can differ considerably. Consumers exhibit big differences in purchasing time of durable-like goods, that is, the purchasing probability of such products changes considerably over time. The local polynomial regression model (LPRM) is used to analyze the relationship between brand competition of durable-like goods and the purchasing probability of a particular brand. Findings The statistical results of collective behaviors show that there is a 90/10 rule for the category durable-like goods, implying that ten percent of the brands account for 90 percent market share in terms of both clicking and purchasing behavior. The dynamic brand cognitive process of impulsive consumers displays an inverted V shape, while cautious consumers display a double V shaped cognitive process. The dynamic consumers’ cognition illustrates that when the brands capture a half of the click volume, the brands’ competitiveness reaches to its peak and makes no significant different from brands accounting for 100 percent of the click volume in terms of the purchasing probability. Research limitations/implications There are some limitations to the research, including the limitations imposed by the data set. One of the most serious problems in the data set is that the collected click-stream is desensitized severely, restricting the richness of the conclusions of this study. Second, the data set consists of many other consumer behavioral data, but only the consumer’s clicking behavior is analyzed in this study. Therefore, in future research, the parameters brand browsing by consumers and the time of browsing in each brand should be added as indicators of brand competitive intensity. Practical implications The authors study brand competitiveness by analyzing the relationship between the click rate and the purchase likelihood of individual brands for durable-like products. When the brand competitiveness is less than 50 percent, consumers tend to seek a variety of new brands, and their purchase likelihood is positively correlated with the brand competitiveness. Once consumers learn about a particular brand excessively among all other brands at a period of time, the purchase likelihood of its products decreases due to the thinner consumer’s short-term loyalty the brand. Till the brand competitiveness runs up to 100 percent, consumers are most likely to purchase a brand and its product. That indicates brand competitiveness maintain 50 percent of the whole market is most efficient to be profitable, and the performance of costing more to improve the brand competitiveness might make no difference. Originality/value There are many studies on brand competition, but most of these research works analyze the brand’s marketing strategy from the perspective of the company. The limitation of this research is that the data are historical and failure to reflect time-variant competition. Some researchers have studied brand competition through consumer behavior, but the shortcoming of these studies is that it does not consider sequentiality of consumer behavior as this study does. Therefore, this study contributes to the literature by using consumers’ sequential clicking behavior and expands the perspective of brand competition research from the angle of consumers. Simultaneously, this paper uses the LPRM to analyze the relationship between consumer clicking behavior and brand competition for the first time, and expands the methodology accordingly.
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Yan, Bo, Yan-Ru Chen, Xiao-Tai Zhou, and Jing Fang. "Consumer behavior in the omni-channel supply chain under social networking services." Industrial Management & Data Systems 119, no. 8 (2019): 1785–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-03-2019-0111.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze how social networking services (SNSs) affect consumers’ behaviors on the omni-channel supply chain by using a reverse research method. Design/methodology/approach Initially, a questionnaire was administered to obtain data on the relationship between the perception factors of channels and consumer behavior. Subsequently, a structural equation model was constructed, and consumer behavior were determined in the omni-channel supply chain. Finally, the importance of various factors that affected consumer behavior in the omni-channel supply chain under SNSs was determined. Findings Conclusions affirm that a positive effect on consumer channel behaviors occurs when buyers obtain information from social network platforms. However, regardless of online, offline, or mobile terminal, shortcomings are indicated in consumers’ lack of feedback on purchased goods and the bias of feedback. Originality/value The study explored ways to efficiently apply SNSs in building the omni-channel supply chain. Meanwhile, corresponding suggestions were provided such that companies will know about consumer needs.
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Crocco, Federica, Laura Eboli, and Gabriella Mazzulla. "Individual Attitudes and Shopping Mode Characteristics Affecting the Use of E-Shopping and Related Travel." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 14, no. 1 (2013): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2013-0006.
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Abstract New telecommunication technologies and services have caused important challenges on travel behaviour and trip characteristics. Existing literature studies show many different outcomes regarding the effects of the new technologies on the participation of people to their personal activities and related travel; specifically, e-shopping may produce the reduction of shopping trips (substitution effect), but also an increase of trips thanks to the reuse of the travel time saved for other activities and trips (complementarity’s effect). The focus of this study is to analyse the aspects mostly affecting consumer choices of purchasing goods by web or in-store, with the aim of understanding how to operate so that e-shopping can positively modify consumers’ travel behaviour. Our research findings show that individual social and economic factors, consumer attitudes, and shopping mode characteristics influence the usage of online shopping. An experimental survey addressed to a sample of Italian consumers is used in the study.
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Danchuk, Viktor, Olena Bakulich, and Vitaliy Svatko. "IDENTIFYING OPTIMAL LOCATION AND NECESSARY QUANTITY OF WAREHOUSES IN LOGISTIC SYSTEM USING A RADIATION THERAPY METHOD." Transport 34, no. 3 (2019): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.8546.
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The paper suggests a method for determining the optimal location of service points (warehouses) based on the method for optimal planning of radiation therapy of malignant tumors. This method enabled us to identify the location of the most optimal number of warehouses taking into account their capacity for the required volume of freight transportation and distance from warehouses to consumers. The results of the study coincide with the results obtained by using the method of ant algorithm. The proposed method of finding the optimal location of warehouses enables to significantly minimize the cost of delivering goods from a producer to a consumer.
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Maître, M., P. Croüail, V. Durand, J. F. Lecomte, S. Charron, and T. Schneider. "The management of contaminated goods in Japan since the Fukushima accident." Radioprotection 55, no. 1 (2020): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2020003.
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Feedback analyses from Chernobyl and Fukushima post-accident situations have clearly emphasized the importance of management strategies for contaminated goods during the days, months and years after the accident. For instance, following the accident, the management of contaminated goods generally focuses on the implementation of protective actions, radiological countermeasures and the control of radioactivity in foodstuffs, in order to ensure the quality and sales of the food products. Then, issues concerning the loss of image of local products can appear, and subsequent strategies have to be taken to restore the consumer confidence. Based on a literature review and interviews performed between 2016 and 2018 with Japanese stakeholders involved in the Fukushima accident recovery, this paper analyses the strategies for the management of contaminated goods which have been implemented in Japan. Divided into three main parts, this paper highlights how producers/livestock breeders, agricultural cooperatives, consumers and even distributors gradually committed themselves to (i) ensure the radiological quality of products by implementing countermeasures and monitoring systems, (ii) maintain sustainable economic activity by encouraging the resumption of agricultural activities and by deploying various sales strategies and try to (iii) restore consumer confidence by initiating producer/consumer dialogues and promotional actions for local products.
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Śmiglak-Krajewska, Magdalena, and Julia Wojciechowska-Solis. "Consumer versus Organic Products in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunities and Barriers to Market Development." Energies 14, no. 17 (2021): 5566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175566.
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The main objective of this study was to determine the behavior of the Polish consumer of organic products during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify preferred channels of distribution of organic products in the situation of restricted freedom of movement as well as to assess what information displayed on the labels of organic food was most important to the customer. The research was conducted on a sample of 1108 respondents with the use of CAWI technique collected in an online survey carried out in February–August 2020. To analyze the obtained results, cluster analysis, linear regression model and duplication method were used to verify the substitute channels for purchasing organic goods. The pandemic has intensified the health value of consumers when making decisions about choosing food products. Consumers are sensitive shoppers who read the content of the labels and pay attention to the ingredients of the products they buy. The price is also of significant importance for consumers; however, it is less important than, for example, the expiration date of the purchased product. With the use of PCA analysis, it was possible to identify 18 factors that could be divided into three segments: marketing, practical and sensory. The proposed factors, according to the respondents, had an effect on the purchase of organic products by Polish consumers. Regarding the preferred purchasing channels, the Internet is becoming more and more important. Almost one-quarter of the respondents confirmed that they bought organic products via the above-mentioned distribution channel. Nearly 17% of the surveyed consumers considered the Internet to be an alternative way of doing their shopping. The results obtained in the research can be used in the sector of organic food producers to design marketing strategies and to adapt their offer to the proposed four groups of purchasers of organic products: eco-activists, eco-dietitians, eco-traditionalists, eco-innovators.
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WIELGOSZ, MACIEJ, MAURITZ PANGGABEAN, JIANG WANG, and LEIF ARNE RØNNINGEN. "AN FPGA-BASED PLATFORM FOR A NETWORK ARCHITECTURE WITH DELAY GUARANTEE." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 06 (2013): 1350045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661350045x.
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The background that underlies this work is the envisioned real-time tele-immersive collaboration system for the future that supports delay-sensitive applications involving participants from remote places via their collaboration spaces (CSs). The end-to-end delay as high as 20 ms is required for good synchronization of such applications, for example collaborative dancing and remote conducting of choir. It is much lower than that facilitated by existing teleconference systems. A novel network architecture with delay guarantee, namely Distributed Multimedia Plays (DMP), has been proposed and designed to realize the vision. The maximum low latency is guaranteed because DMP network nodes can drop DMP packets of multimedia data from the CSs due to instantaneous traffic condition. Besides ultrafast processing time, modularity, and scalability must be taken into account in hardware design and implementation of the nodes for seamless incorporation of the modules. These lead us to employing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) due to its substantial computational power and flexibility. This paper presents an FPGA-based platform for the design and implementation of DMP network nodes. It provides a detailed introduction to the platform architecture and the simulation-implementation environment for the design. The modularity of the implemented node is shown by addressing three important modules for packet dropping, 3D warping, and image transform. Our compact implementation of the network node on Xilinx Virtex-6 ML605 mostly consumes very small amount of available resources. Moreover the elementary operations on our implementation takes (much) less than 5 μs as desired to meet the low-latency requirement.
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Gabor, Manuela Rozalia, and Nicoleta Cristache. "Q or R Factor Analysis for Subjectiveness Measurement in Consumer Behavior? A Study Case on Durable Goods Buying Behavior in Romania." Mathematics 9, no. 10 (2021): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9101136.
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The complexity of consumer behavior requires new research methods to overcome the limitations of conventional evident-based research. The aim of this paper is the comparison between two types of factor analyses, Q and R (PCA and cluster analysis) for subjectiveness measurement in the case of durable goods buying behavior in Romanian households with different levels of education and occupancy. Our study explores different subjective patterns of stimulus of 30 statements (Q-sample) by 30 Romanian households (P-sample) using the Q-sort method for collecting data. For the Q-sample inputs, results from the literature were used. Based on the 30 Q-sorts, we discovered four factors for both Q and R factor analysis, mostly different according to specific results from different methods. For the Q method, we used the labels “pragmatic”, “modern”, “traditionalist”, and “innovator. For R factor analysis and cluster, we used “traditional Romanian brands”, “real needs and power purchasing”, “sceptic versus optimistic subjectiveness”, and “negative subjectiveness”. This paper suggests the Q methodology as a structured and transparent approach to consumer behavior research by combining the in-depth subjectivity of qualitative methods and statistical rigor of factor analysis to identify groups in consumers. The research provides useful suggestions for selecting and approaching target consumer segments in the Romanian durable goods industry.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Consumers Consumer goods. Modularity (Engineering)"
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Smith, Robert J. "The impact of modular design on product use and maintenance." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28227.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Consumers Consumer goods. Modularity (Engineering)"
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Fischer, Gerhard. "End User Development and Meta-Design." In End-User Computing, Development, and Software Engineering. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0140-6.ch010.
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The first decade of the World Wide Web predominantly enforced a clear separation between designers and consumers. New technological developments, such as the participatory Web 2.0 architectures, have emerged to support social computing. These developments are the foundations for a fundamental shift from consumer cultures (specialized in producing finished goods) to cultures of participation (in which all people can participate actively in personally meaningful activities). End-user development and meta-design provide foundations for this fundamental transformation. They explore and support new approaches for the design, adoption, appropriation, adaptation, evolution, and sharing of artifacts by all participating stakeholders. They take into account that cultures of participation are not dictated by technology alone: they are the result of incremental shifts in human behavior and social organizations. The design, development, and assessment of five particular applications that contributed to the development of our theoretical framework are described and discussed.
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Po Cheong, Chi. "A Simple and Secure Credit Card-Based Payment System." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch175.
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Credit card is the most popular payment method used in Internet shopping. The idea of credit card payment is to buy first and pay later. The cardholder can pay at the end of the statement cycle or they can pay interest on the outstanding balance. Therefore, there are many credit card-based electronic payment systems (EPSs) that have been developed to facilitate the purchase of goods and services over the Internet such as CyberCash (VeriSign), iKP (Bellare, Garary, Hauser, et al, 1995), SET (Visa and MasterCard, 1997), CCT (Li & Zhange, 2004), and so forth. Usually a credit card-based EPS involves five parties: cardholder, merchant, acquirer bank, issuer bank, and financial institution. Internet is an open system and the communication path between each other is insecure. All communications are potentially open for an eavesdropper to read and modify as they pass between the communicating endpoints. Therefore, the payment information transmitted between the cardholder and the merchant through Internet is dangerous without a secure path. SSL (Zeus Technology, 2000) is a good example to secure the communication channel. Besides the issue of insecure communication, there are a number of factors that each participant must consider. For example, merchant concerns about whether the credit card or the cardholder is genuine. There is no way to know the consumer is a genuine cardholder. As a result, the merchant is incurring the increase in losses due to cardholder disputes and frauds. On the other hand, cardholders are worried about the theft of the privacy or sensitive information such as the credit card number. They don’t want any unauthorized usage of their credit cards and any modification to the transaction amount by a third party. These security issues have deterred many potential consumers from purchasing online. Existing credit card-based EPSs solve the problems in many different ways. Some of them use cryptography mechanisms to protect private information. However, they are very complicated, expensive, and tedious (Xianhau, Yuen, Ling, & Lim, 2001). Some EPSs use the Certificate Authority (CA) model to fulfill the authentication, integrity, and nonrepudiation security schemes. However, each participant requires a digital certificate during the payment cycle. These certificates are issued by independent CAs but the implementation and maintenance cost of this model is very high. In addition, the validation steps of Certificate-based systems are very time-consuming processes. It requires access to an online certificate server during the payment process. Moreover, the certificate revocation list is a major disadvantage of the PKI-based certification model (The Internet Engineering Task Force). The cardholder’s certificate also includes some private information such as the cardholder’s name. The requirement of a cardholder’s certificate means software such as e-Wallet is required to be installed on the cardholder’s computer. It is the barrier for the cardholder to use Certificatebased payment systems. To solve this problem, Visa Company has developed a new payment system called Verified by Visa (VbV) (http:www/visa-asia.com/ ap/sea/merchants/productstech/vbv_implementvbv. shtml). However, sensitive information such as credit card number is still passed to the merchant. Therefore, the cardholder is not protected by the system.
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Po Cheong, Chi. "A Simple and Secure Credit Card-Based Payment System." In Electronic Services. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-967-5.ch051.
Full textAbstract:
Credit card is the most popular payment method used in Internet shopping. The idea of credit card payment is to buy first and pay later. The cardholder can pay at the end of the statement cycle or they can pay interest on the outstanding balance. Therefore, there are many credit card-based electronic payment systems (EPSs) that have been developed to facilitate the purchase of goods and services over the Internet such as CyberCash (VeriSign), iKP (Bellare, Garary, Hauser, et al, 1995), SET (Visa and MasterCard, 1997), CCT (Li & Zhange, 2004), and so forth. Usually a credit card-based EPS involves five parties: cardholder, merchant, acquirer bank, issuer bank, and financial institution. Internet is an open system and the communication path between each other is insecure. All communications are potentially open for an eavesdropper to read and modify as they pass between the communicating endpoints. Therefore, the payment information transmitted between the cardholder and the merchant through Internet is dangerous without a secure path. SSL (Zeus Technology, 2000) is a good example to secure the communication channel. Besides the issue of insecure communication, there are a number of factors that each participant must consider. For example, merchant concerns about whether the credit card or the cardholder is genuine. There is no way to know the consumer is a genuine cardholder. As a result, the merchant is incurring the increase in losses due to cardholder disputes and frauds. On the other hand, cardholders are worried about the theft of the privacy or sensitive information such as the credit card number. They don’t want any unauthorized usage of their credit cards and any modification to the transaction amount by a third party. These security issues have deterred many potential consumers from purchasing online. Existing credit card-based EPSs solve the problems in many different ways. Some of them use cryptography mechanisms to protect private information. However, they are very complicated, expensive, and tedious (Xianhau, Yuen, Ling, & Lim, 2001). Some EPSs use the Certificate Authority (CA) model to fulfill the authentication, integrity, and nonrepudiation security schemes. However, each participant requires a digital certificate during the payment cycle. These certificates are issued by independent CAs but the implementation and maintenance cost of this model is very high. In addition, the validation steps of Certificate-based systems are very time-consuming processes. It requires access to an online certificate server during the payment process. Moreover, the certificate revocation list is a major disadvantage of the PKI-based certification model (The Internet Engineering Task Force). The cardholder’s certificate also includes some private information such as the cardholder’s name. The requirement of a cardholder’s certificate means software such as e-Wallet is required to be installed on the cardholder’s computer. It is the barrier for the cardholder to use Certificatebased payment systems. To solve this problem, Visa Company has developed a new payment system called Verified by Visa (VbV) (http:www/visa-asia.com/ ap/sea/merchants/productstech/vbv_implementvbv. shtml). However, sensitive information such as credit card number is still passed to the merchant. Therefore, the cardholder is not protected by the system.
Conference papers on the topic "Consumers Consumer goods. Modularity (Engineering)"
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Huang, Jida, Behzad Esmaeilian, and Sara Behdad. "Design for Ease-of-Repair: Insights From Consumers’ Repair Experiences." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59685.
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With the increasing attention on the role of consumer behavior in sustainable development, consideration of consumer’s product repair and reuse behavior is becoming more and more important in the product design domain. In order to investigate the product ease-of-repair and its effect on future product purchase and recommendation decisions made by consumers, this paper studies the main reasons that consumers were not able to repair a product based on a survey data collected by a wiki-based website that offers repair manuals for consumer electronics. Two main questions have been asked in the survey: what is the last thing you personally fixed? And why did you not succeed in fixing it. The information of these questions and the available response options have been used to compared eleven types of electronics in terms of their ease-of-repair. A list of design features (e.g. openability, accessibility, standardization, and modularity) that may increase the repair adoption by individual consumers has been discussed. In addition, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was introduced to compare different categories of products in terms of reparability efficiency. The findings on how repair experiences or efficiency of repair for different categories of devices influence consumers’ future purchase and recommendation decisions have been presented.
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Kriaučiūnaitė-Lazauskienė, Gintarė, and Rima Žitkienė. "An effect of symbols on consumer behaviour: the theoretical insights." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.015.
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Purpose – this article aims to analyse and integrate the limitations of consumer’s decision-making and difficulties for symbolic consumption in relation to symbolic branding. It highlights the symbolic impact to goods, which influenced by advertising and 21st century consumer’s behaviour propagates hedonistic values. Research methodology – the analysis of theoretical scientific literature, comparative study of conceptions. Findings – support the idea that consumers may modify their principles about the symbolic brand depending on both their self-brand relation as well as the effect of social (both live and virtual) influence. Research limitations – it is necessary to acknowledge that the current research is limited by broad scope consumer behaviour theories and methods (we in passing analysed empirical proves). Practical implications – authors suggest that the emergence of brand subculture on consumer behaviour gives the possibility of adjusting specific marketing strategies and presents the shortcomings of current research by pointing out the trends for future empirical studies. Originality/Value – It also highlights that the consumers’ search of symbolism and meaning in brands correlated with their consumer buying decision models, and we claim it could be related to utility theory. The main aim of this article is to analyse the field of symbols in advertising – in terms of their impact on the consumption process.
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Hoffenson, Steven, and Marcin Wisniowski. "An Electricity Grid As an Agent-Based Market System: Exploring the Effects of Policy on Sustainability." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86031.
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Electricity generation is a major source of air pollution, contributing to nearly one-third of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. As with most goods, production must keep up with the projected consumer demand, and the industry is subject to government regulations at the federal, state, and local levels. This study models the New Jersey electric grid as a market system, using agent-based modeling to represent individual consumers and power companies making utility-maximizing decisions. Each consumer agent is prescribed a unique value function that includes factors such as income, energy intensity, and environmental sensitivity, and they are able to make decisions about how much energy they use and whether they opt into a renewable energy program. Power producers are modeled to keep up with demand and minimize their cost per unit of electricity produced, and they include options to prefer either on-demand or renewable energy sources. Using this model, different scenarios are examined with respect to producer strategy and government policy. The results provide a proof-of-concept for the modeling approach, and they reveal interesting trends about how the markets are expected to react under different scenarios.