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1
Govender, Doraval. "Contact and Property Related Crimes in South Africa: Need for Strategies and Democratic Policing." International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences 13, no. 1 (2018): 55–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1403386.
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The assumption is that police alone cannot address contact and property related crimes in a democracy like South Africa and there is a need for specific strategies to reduce the same. The failure of effectively and efficiently reduce contact and property related crimes appears primarily to be linked to the different policing styles adopted by leadership. The aim of this paper is focused towards highlighting some strategies that can be applied to overcome the issue of contact and property related crimes in South Africa.
2
Marino, Roberta, and Seyed Milad Mahmood Ksshani. "The Mechanism of Smart Contract Conclusion in the Italy’s and Iran’s Legal System." European Journal of Privacy Law & Technologies, no. 2 (2022): 268–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.57230/ejplt222rmsmmk.
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The conclusion of smart contracts is placed on the blockchain platform due to the special features of this platform, including the two features of transparency and decriminalization. After being completed on the blockchain network, these contracts' transparency feature enables the public to observe and offer them. In this case, all the people who have access to this platform have the possibility of knowing what was transferred by whom to whom, and this not only prevents the occurrence of many related lawsuits but also many crimes related to property.
3
Фойгель, Е. И., and Б. А. Гилевич. "ON SOME FEATURES OF DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES ASSOCIATED WITH FOREIGN CITIZENS AND STATELESS PERSONS IN THE IRKUTSK REGION." Digest of research works "Criminalistics: yesterday, today, tomorrow", no. 3(27) (September 29, 2023): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55001/2587-9820.2023.75.39.022.
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Статья посвящена проблемам оперативно - розыскного и криминалистического характера, возникающим в процессе выявления и расследования преступлений, связанных с деятельн остью иностранных граждан и лиц без гражданства на территории Иркутской области. Анализируется миграционная ситуация в регионе, обозначаются факторы миграционной привлекательности и основные направления трудовой деятельности иностранных мигрантов. Устанавл ивается, что основные затруднения связаны с несовершенством миграционного законодательства, его отсылочным характером и сложностью для восприятия. Предлагается уделять больше внимания правовому просвещению иностранных граждан. Приводятся статистические дан ные, характеризующие преступность иностранных граждан на территории Иркутской области, анализируются показатели раскрываемости и основные тенденции в области борьбы с данной категорией преступлений. Констатируется, что иностранные граждане совершают престу пления в миграционной сфере, а также преступления против личности и коррупционные преступления, становятся потерпевшими от преступных посягательств на жизнь, здоровье и собственность. Анализируются личностные характеристики иностранных граждан и лиц без гр ажданства как источников криминалистически значимой информации. Акцентируется внимание на проявлениях национального менталитета и мышления, имеющих значение для установления психологического контакта и тактического воздействия. Делается вывод о необходимос ти функционирования подразделений и отделов, специализирующихся на борьбе с преступлениями, связанными с деятельностью иностранных граждан, лиц без гражданства и организованных преступных групп, сформированных на этнической основе. The article is devoted to the problems of an operational-search and forensic nature that arise in the process of detecting and investigating crimes related to the activities of foreign citizens and stateless persons on the territory of the Irkutsk region. The migration situation in the region is analyzed, the factors of migration attractiveness and the main directions of labor activity of foreign migrants are indicated. It is established that the main difficulties are related to the imperfection of the migration legislation, its referential nature and difficulty for perception. It is proposed to pay more attention to the legal education of foreign citizens. Statistical data characterizing the crime of foreign citizens in the territory of the Irkutsk region are given, the indicators of detection and the main trends that are manifested in the field of combating this category of crimes are analyzed. It is stated that foreign citizens commit crimes in the migration sphere, as well as crimes against the person and corruption crimes and become victims of criminal encroachments on life, health and property. The personal characteristics of foreign citizens and stateless persons as sources of forensically significant information are analyzed. Attention is focused on the manifestations of the national mentality and thinking that are important for establishing psychological contact and tactical impact. The conclusion is made about the need for the functioning of units and departments specializing in the fight against crimes related to the activities of foreign citizens, stateless persons and organized criminal groups formed on an ethnic basis.
4
Xu, Kai. "Comparative study of crimes of deliberate non-payment of wages in the Criminal Codes of China and Russia." Legal Science in China and Russia, no. 4 (September 16, 2021): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2587-9723.2021.4.159-162.
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The phenomenon of malicious non-payment of wages is widespread in all countries of the world, maybe it is especially serious in China, it has attracted a lot of attention from the Party (CPC) and the Chinese government. Under conditions when the solution of this issue through civil and administrative methods is not very effective, the Chinese legislative bodies, under the leadership of offi cials, fi nally decided to use the intimidating power of criminal punishment to solve this problem, which has tormented the government for many years.Article 41 “Amendments to the Criminal Code (8) of the People’s Republic of China” states: After article 276 of the Criminal Law, an article is added as one of the articles 276: Evasion of payment of wages to workers by transferring property, escape, etc. Or those who are able to pay, but do not pay wages to employees in the case when the amount is relatively large, and the relevant government departments order the payment of wages, but still cannot pay, are punished with imprisonment for up to 3 years or arrest, and additionally or as an independent punishment — a fi ne; Persons who have committed the same violations that have entailed serious consequences are punished with imprisonment for a term of 3 to 7 years and additionally with a fi ne. If the crime mentioned in the fi rst part of this article was committed by an organization, a fi ne is applied to the organization, and the directly responsible heads of the organization and other directly responsible persons are punished in accordance with the fi rst part of this article. The acts provided for in the fi rst and second parts of this article, which did not entail serious consequences, in which the employee’s salary for work is paid before the charge is brought and appropriate compensation is accepted in accordance with the law, then the punishment may be commuted or released. Article 276 of the Criminal Code provides for the crime of causing harm to production and economy, which belongs to this chapter crime against property (Chapter 5 of the special part of the Criminal Code). Therefore, the crime of malicious non-payment of wages is a crime against the property of citizens (employees).Due to the fact that the Chinese Constitution does not provide that citizens have the right to receive remuneration, only the Labor Legislation states: that Workers have the right to equal employment and choice of profession, the right to receive wages for work ... In view of this, that from the point of view of legal relations, based on both the Labor Law and the Law on the Employment Contract, the effect of non-payment of wages only occurred between the employee and the employer. According to the employment contract, disputes arising when, after the employee has fulfi lled the contract, but the employer does not pay him wages in accordance with the contract.The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provides for crimes of non-payment of wages, pensions, scholarships, allowances and other necessary payments in chapter 19 “crimes against the constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen” of section VII “Crimes against the person”. Bringing together the above, the rights to pay for work, receive state pensions and social benefi ts, etc., protected by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, are constitutional rights. And also, they are specifi ed in Article 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation a person, his rights and freedoms are the highest value. Recognition, observance and protection of human and civil rights and freedoms is the duty of the state, specifi ed in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.In China, when criminalizing the action of non-payment of wages, the most fundamental issue that needs to be resolved is to have a basis of justice, that is, to introduce "income from labor" into the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, which provides for the basic rights of a citizen. At the same time, it is necessary to amend the chapter related to “crimes against the rights of the individual and the democratic rights of citizens in the Criminal Code,” and to amend the “crime against constitutional rights,” as well as the chapter includes “crimes of non-payment of wages, scholarships, pensions and benefi ts”, but should not be included in chapter 5 “crime against property”.As a result, a comparison of the criminal code between the two countries China and Russia on the crime of malicious non-payment of wages shows that there are contradictions and problems in Chinese legislation, and the political signifi cance of the legislation far exceeds the legal signifi cance, which will directly affect its application in judicial practice.
5
Santoso, Edy. "Opportunities and Challenges: E-Commerce in Indonesia from a Legal Perspective." Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 22, no. 3 (2022): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2022.v22.395-410.
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The development of e-commerce in Indonesia has encouraged the creation of a digital economy. On the other hand, this business model presents various legal challenges that are no less interesting to anticipate. By applying normative research methods and using statutory and comparative law approaches, this study examines two issues. First, what are the legal aspects that are used as the basis for the role of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in capturing e-commerce opportunities? Second, what are the legal challenges ahead with the rapid growth of e-commerce in Indonesia? This study concludes that normatively Indonesia already has various regulations in the field of cyber law that support the use of ICT in e-commerce. However, it needs specific regulation. This study finds things that will become legal challenges in the future, including there are still gaps for parties to commit violations and crimes, especially in the fields of data theft, intellectual property, fraud, and breach of contract. This study provides the suggestion that the government should pay attention to security-related regulations, especially those related to personal data security. It requires the role of business actors in making "self-regulation" which ensures data protection based on a technical perspective.
6
Bessonov, Alexey A., and Alexandra A. Gaivoronskaya. "Priming and Its Effects in Obtaining Forensically Relevant Information." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 466 (2021): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/466/25.
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The article deals with the phenomenon of priming, its effects in obtaining and evaluating the testimony of interrogated persons in criminal cases. The problem of obtaining evidence is central to the criminal process and is considered as a system of actions of participants in the preliminary investigation related to the knowledge and modeling of past events, forecasting the investigation process in the future and obtaining evidentiary and orienting information. The analysis of the studied materials of criminal cases on 1,300 crimes against life and health, sexual integrity and sexual freedom of the individual showed that, in the structure of evidence, the testimony of witnesses, victims, accused persons (suspects) occupies more than a half (54.7%). An important role in obtaining and evaluating the testimony of persons questioned in a criminal case is played by priming, which promotes the activation of behavioral and trace manifestations of human memory in order to reproduce complete and objective forensically significant information in the testimony. The object of the study was the activity of the interrogator and the interrogated person video recorded during the criminal proceedings in the situation of interrogation. The empirical basis of the study was materials of more than 250 criminal cases (murders, rapes, crimes against property, etc.), of which more than 302 video materials of interrogations were viewed. When the interrogated person is ready to give evidence, but for some reason (physiological, psychological) cannot do it, the use of priming effects will help to change this situation in a favorable direction. In conflict situations of interrogation, the use of priming effects helps to correct the unconscious manifestations of psychological defenses, reduce the manifestations of psychological trauma, and establish psychological contact. The analysis of the content of information at an unconscious level, the search for features and categories (comparison with memory standards) is associated with the detection of this information in the space (array) of implicit memory; at the same time, the criteria for such a selection are determined by long-term memory that preserves standards, motivational attitudes and ways of processing input information. Local effects of unconscious information are reflected in conscious cognitive activity, especially in the study of investigative situations. The use of such tactics contributes to the investigation of crimes. The potential for using priming effects in conducting investigative actions aimed at obtaining the testimony of participants in the pretrial stage of criminal proceedings (witnesses, victims, suspects, accused persons) expands the possibilities for obtaining information. The tactic of using priming in the investigation of criminal acts requires a deeper scientific study and experimental confirmation.
7
Gyömbér, Béla. "Intellectual property related crimes in 2013." Belügyi Szemle 62, no. 11 (2024): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.38146/bsz-ajia.2014.v62.i11.pp39-51.
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The author provides an overview of the investigative framework and statistics of IP-related crimes in 2013 in Hungary. The assessment is particularly timely, as investigative competences have been transferred to the National Tax and Customs Administration from the Police in 2011.
8
Tsykora, Anna, and Kira Malykhina. "MERCENARY AND VIOLENT CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY." Science & World, no. 2 (June 10, 2022): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/2307-9401-2022-2-41-45.
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9
K N, Sujin, and Rahul K. "Do Macroeconomic Variables Drive Crime Types? A Long-term Evidence from India." South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics 22, no. 5 (2025): 117–25. https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2025/v22i51015.
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Variables Used: Total Crime, IPC Crimes, Violent crimes, Property crime, Economic crime, Inflation, Unemployment, Per capita real GDP. Objectives: Economists have long believed that macroeconomic variables influence crime. We test this conjecture using nearly universal data on crimes in India between the years 1991 and 2018. Specifically, we investigate if crimes like Total, IPC, Violent, Property, and Economic Crimes have any long-term link with economic factors like inflation, Real Per capita GDP, and unemployment. Methods: Data related to economic variables were obtained from World Bank data source and crimes-related data were obtained from NCRB. In order to find out long run relation, ARDL Model has been used. Results: The data tell an intriguing story. First, crime is strongly and causally related to unemployment in cross-sectional data. However, unemployment has no influence on crime in time series data. Second, income inequality increases economic crimes but reduces violent crimes. Third, inflation increases property crimes but has no impact on other kinds of crimes. Fourth, economic growth increases economic crimes but does not have impact on other kinds of crimes. Conclusion: Overall, macroeconomic variables like unemployment, inflation, and economic growth influence particularly kinds of crimes. Put differently, macroeconomic conditions appear to determine allocation of criminal activity among different kinds of crimes rather change the total quantity of criminal activity in society.
10
Shahid, Muhammad, Khalil Ahmad, Muhammad Amir Inayat, and Muhammad Kashif Bhatti. "Socio-Economic Determinants of Property Crime Across the Districts of Punjab: Highlighting the Role of Law Enforcement Agencies of Pakistan." Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 13, no. 2 (2024): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/01.00289.
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This study intends to find socioeconomic determinants of property crimes in all districts of Punjab, Pakistan for the year 2018. The selected socio-economic explanatory variables are police strength, police proclaimed offenders, poverty, literacy rate, population density, and migrants and the dependent variable is reported property crimes. The ordinary Least Square (OLS) method is used for empirical analysis as the data set and all variables fulfill the assumptions of simple OLS. The results show that police-proclaimed offenders, poverty, population density, and migrants have a positive and significant impact on property crimes in Punjab. Police strength and literacy rate are inversely related to crimes against property. The results indicate that the most dense and populated areas provide more chances for criminals to commit crimes. So, to reduce crimes in Punjab province, the government should educate police officials with modern world technology to improve their performance in controlling property crimes across all districts of Punjab, Pakistan.
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Nikonov, Pavel V. "On the Concept of the Subject of Corruption-Related Crimes Related to Passive and Active Bribery and Other Illegal Remuneration Types." Justice of the peace 3 (February 25, 2021): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-4152-2021-3-18-24.
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To the question of the concept of the subject of corruption crimes related to receiving and giving bribes and other types of illegal remuneration Currently, the legal science has not yet developed a unified approach to understanding the subject of corruption crimes related to receiving and giving bribes and other types of illegal remuneration. The legal content of the subject of corruption crimes related to receiving and giving bribes and other types of illegal remuneration is disclosed in the dispositions articles 184, 290, 204, 2005, 2007 of the criminal code of the Russian Federation, which include money, securities, other property, property services and other property rights. At the same time, it remains an open question whether old-style banknotes and coins withdrawn from circulation, but subject to exchange, counterfeit money, or other property seized or restricted in circulation can be classified as such. Based on the study and analysis of judicial practice, the article presents the author’s approach to solving this problem and suggests measures to improve the current legislation.
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Zheludkov, M. A., V. N. Chernyshov, and M. N. Kochetkova. "Criminal law problems in determining the object of intellectual property crimes." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.99.2.110-118.
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Currently, due to the rapid development of information technology, there is an urgent need to protect public relations of property from crimes committed in the intellectual rights area. The absence of conceptual apparatus consolidated in laws or supported by the scientific community complicates determination of interrelations between the concepts of “property”, “ownership”, “intellectual property” and “right of ownership,” which subsequently determines the classification of acts as different objects of protection under criminal law. The article examines the complex of topical issues related to the protection against crimes in the field of intellectual property in Russia, the analysis of the ratio of crimes against property and crimes affecting intellectual property, the study of the features of the objects protected under criminal law.
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First, Anat, and Michal Agmon-Gonnen. "Is a Man's Car More Important than a Battered Woman's Body? Human Rights and Punishment for Violent Crimes against Female Spouses." New Criminal Law Review 12, no. 2 (2009): 135–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2009.12.2.135.
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The study examines, through textual analysis, the narrative of verdicts in violent crimes of men against their female spouses in Israel, and compares them with vehicle-related crimes through an examination of human rights discourse. The comparison with vehicle-related crimes, taken from other legal discourse of property crimes, was selected in order to examine whether the rights to life and dignity include women, or whether women are perceived as property akin to a vehicle. Moreover, the article clarifies whether the position of women in legal discourse in Israel has changed from subject to object, whereas vehicles have changed from object to subject.
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Djalilov, Furkat. "SOME COMMENTS ON THE OBJECT OF CRIMES RELATED TO THE PROPERTY INTERESTS OF A CIVIL SERVANTA." Review of Law Sciences 5, no. 4 (2021): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2021.5.4./tamn3377.
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In this article, some considerations on the object of crimes related to the property interests of civil servants are studied and analyzed in detail. A special object of crimes related to the property interests of a civil servant should be considered social relations that ensure the normal functioning of the state mechanism.Crimes related to the property interests of a civil servant, in turn, have been analyzed by studying the work of a number of scholars as to whether they harm certain social relations prohibited by the CC or pose a real risk of such damage.
15
Tyunin, Vladimir Ilyich, Anton Gennadievich Antonov, Tatyana Andreevna Ogar, Maria Vitalievna Shkele, and Elena Andreevna Zorina. "Cyber crimes against property in foreign and Russian criminal law." SHS Web of Conferences 108 (2021): 02021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110802021.
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The prerequisite for the study was a significant increase during a pandemic in the number of cyber crimes against property, caused by forced isolation, a reduction in the use of cash and an expansion of the scope of computer technology when concluding civil transactions. Purpose of the study: to identify trends in the criminalization of cyber crimes against property in foreign and Russian criminal law. To achieve the goal, the following methods were used: general scientific – analysis, synthesis, generalization, special scientific – statistical, formal logical, comparative legal, content analysis, the method of expert assessments. The results of the work were the classification of cyber crimes against property, the novelty is the definition of the most common type of these crimes – fraud, the identification of the growth of its individual forms during a pandemic. The issues related to the observed expansion of the scope of application of the liability for fraud, both in international law and in the national legislation of individual states, which are no longer limited to such traditional methods of committing it as deception and breach of trust. Cyber crimes in the Russian criminal legislation are investigated in their relation to crimes against property, recommendations are given for further optimization of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. In Russia, as in the rest of the world, during the period of the pandemic, an increase was recorded in crimes against property committed remotely, in relation to non-cash funds, using bank cards. When committing such acts, computer information, electronic data and programs are used as a method or means of committing them, which allows them to be classified as cyber crimes. Previously, cyber crimes were considered separately from traditional socially dangerous encroachments, but the massive use of information technology in the commission of certain types of crimes (in particular, crimes against property) requires a new approach to their description in national legislation.
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Александр Евгеньевич, Бердников. "Peculiarities of the qualification of crimes committed in the field of intellectual property." NORTH CAUCASUS LEGAL VESTNIK 1, no. 4 (2024): 162–68. https://doi.org/10.22394/2074-7306-2024-1-4-162-168.
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In the era of active development of the Russian legal field and its adaptation to the constantly emerging challenges of our time, the issue of increasing the effectiveness of legislative and law enforcement mechanisms in the field of intellectual property protection is becoming very relevant. The regulatory framework of the Russian Federation already includes numerous measures to protect the results of intellectual work; nevertheless, the constant increase in the number of crimes affecting intellectual property rights indicates the urgent need for their further refinement and strengthening. In modern Russia, the field of intellectual property rights protection is often riddled with numerous gaps, which leads to significant economic losses. The study of the issues of qualification of crimes in the field of intellectual property acquires urgent importance due to the requirement to adapt legal norms to intensively evolving technologies and the evolution of the characteristics of criminal activity. The growth of incidents related to the misuse of intellectual property increases annually, which underlines the need for in-depth knowledge and innovative methods in conducting investigative actions by law enforcement agencies. It is critically important to ensure reliable protection of the intellectual property rights of authors and owners, which serves as an incentive for updating and detailing the norms of criminal and civil legislation. Such initiatives contribute not only to the prevention of crimes, but also ensure fair consideration of each specific case with the restoration of violated rights and interests. The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal aspects and problems related to the qualification of crimes in the field of intellectual property, as well as to propose ways to improve the criminal and civil legislation of Russia to improve the protection of copyright and related rights.
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Ahmad Termimi, Muhamad Asyraf, Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele, Khairul Azhar Meerangani, Syamsul Azizul Marinsah, and Mohd Anuar Ramli. "Women's Involvement in Cybercrime: A Premilinary Study." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN HUMANITIES 3, no. 3 (2015): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jah.v3i2.5139.
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Cyber crimes is a new millennium threat to society nowadays which brings by developments of technology and information. Various forms of cyber crimes exist either theft and fraud involving money and property or safety threat involving contamination of dignity. Therefore, this study will identify cyber crimes related to women in Malaysia for cases of theft and fraud of money and property through cyberspace. Cyber crimes will be identified and classified according to cases that often occurred in Malaysia and legal protection provided to the victim. The results showed lack of awareness about cyber security transactions and the provision of existing law that exists for cyber crime cause women to be victims of cyber crime.
18
Ding, Yucui. "The Nature of NFT Legal Benefits and their Criminal Protection in the Context of the Metaverse." Lex Russica 78, no. 2 (2025): 56–65. https://doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2025.219.2.056-065.
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NFTs in the development of the metaverse economy, contributing to the growth of the digital economy, are also associated with crime risks. NFT has a two-layer complex structure «metadata + token identifier (ID)». In cases where the NFT is the target of a crime, it is exposed to a double risk — illegal interference with metadata and illegal receipt of a token ID. Within the framework of the guidelines on the interaction of civil and criminal law and the theory of relative subordination, the NFT has two levels of legitimate interests — «data + property interests», and can also be associated with other related rights depending on its mapping. Metadata violations are subject to regulation as computer technology crimes and highly specialized data crimes; illegal acquisition of a token ID is regulated as a property crime. In cases where both the interests of data and property, as well as related legal interests, are violated, the theory of the multiple counts of crimes is applied to qualify the crime.
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SONG, RONGGONG, LARRY KORBA, GEORGE YEE, and YING-CHIEH CHEN. "PROTECT VIRTUAL PROPERTY IN ONLINE GAMING SYSTEM." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 17, no. 04 (2007): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194007003367.
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Massively multiplayer role-playing gaming (MMORPG) has become a very popular entertainment in Asia. Along with the success of the massively multiplayer role-playing gaming industry in Asia, online gaming-related crimes have grown at an amazing rate. Most of the criminal cases are related to virtual properties since markets have developed for the virtual properties giving them real world values. There has been little research and resulting technologies for MMORPG virtual property protection. In order to reduce the crimes and protect online gaming systems, one potential solution is protecting the virtual properties in online gaming systems. In this paper, we propose a virtual property management language to meter the use of virtual property. The language provides a framework for managing the use of virtual properties and recording the history of transactions to trace the life of virtual properties.
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Stamatel, Janet P. "The influence of political and economic changes on macro-level property crime variation: The case of post-communist Central and Eastern Europe." Criminology & Criminal Justice 17, no. 5 (2016): 526–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895816683990.
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The goal of this article was to assess the extent to which major changes in the political and economic systems of Central and Eastern European countries after the fall of communism contributed to variations in property crime rates, controlling for other structural predictors. Data for 17 countries from 1990–2003 were collected for three types of property crimes: total theft; motor vehicle theft; and domestic burglary. Traditional predictors derived from modernization and routine activities theories produced inconsistent results, but political and economic changes due to the post-communist transformations were significant predictors of property crime variation. Economic changes toward liberalization, marketization, and privatization were strongly, positively related to higher property crime rates across all three types. Political changes toward democratization were only positively related to higher domestic burglary rates. The control variables were weak and inconsistent predictors of all three property crimes. The article discusses some of the implications of these findings for updating macro-level crime theories.
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Durney, Mark. "Reevaluating Art Crime's Famous Figures." International Journal of Cultural Property 20, no. 2 (2013): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739113000027.
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AbstractThis article seeks to demonstrate that the figures used to describe the size and scope of cultural property crimes—that it is a $6 billion illicit industry and that it ranks among the third or fourth largest criminal enterprise annually—are without statistical merit. It underscores the ambiguities inherent in the figures and uses the 2003 theft of the Duke of Buccleuch's painting by Leonardo da Vinci, Madonna of the Yarnwinder, to illustrate the difficulties related to establishing monetary estimates for cultural property crimes. It calls for a more empirical approach to measuring the magnitude of the problem on the part of cultural property crime experts. Finally, it examines the reporting methods of the world's largest cultural property crimes law enforcement agency, the Comando Carabinieri per la Tutela del Patrimonio Culturale, in order to provide a model for others to follow in the effort to communicate the severity of the problem and to increase its financial, social, and political support.
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Lazić, Dragana, Sanja Stanković, and Aleksandra Danilović. "Criminal offenses against property seen from an angle of basic institutes of law: Things and real rights." Pravo - teorija i praksa 38, no. 3 (2021): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2103135l.
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Based on the data from official documents of the Republic Statistical Office and judicial institutions of the Republic of Serbia, the paper analyzes and presents the results of research related to the threat to property and real rights in the Republic of Serbia in the period from 2009 to 2019. We performed the analysis of available data in order to detect the "loss of crime" in a group of crimes aimed at protecting property. The purpose of this paper is a causal analysis of crimes against property in the entire territory of the Republic of Serbia with the aim of revealing causal relations and links between the number of reported, accused and convicted persons for these crimes, to determine the degree of loss of crime and take systemic measures to reduce that loss measure, in accordance with the standards of developed countries.
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Perényi, Roland. "Az intellektuális bűnözés feltalálása." Normaszegés és reprezentációi 38, no. 2 (2023): 80–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/aetas.2023.2.80-97.
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This paper examines the process during which Hungarian society „invented” the category of intellectual property crimes at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Since the rapidly urbanizing capital was at this time the economic and financial center of the country, the focus of this investigation is Budapest. The effort to define intellectual property crimes can be identified in criminal law, criminology, and in public opinion as well. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the development of modern capitalist economy and bourgeois society happened extremely quickly in Hungary, so the modern forms of crime closely related to the process – including intellectual property crimes – were codified in the criminal law in response to this, in the framework of a longer process. From the sources available from the turn of the century, it is clear that crimes of an intellectual nature had already appeared in Hungary in the early period of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, but they only became really „visible” from the early 1900s. Then, as a result of the First World War and the social and economic crisis following the defeat, the number of white-collar criminals increased by leaps and bounds. Accordingly, from the 1920s onwards, the issue of intellectual property crime became a defining topic in both police and press discourse. While the amount of economic or financial crimes committed by white-collar people increased significantly in the early 1920s and then during the Great Depression, their quantity and the types of crimes also changed continuously, adapting to changes in the economic environment.
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Fisher, Benjamin W., and Deanna N. Devlin. "School Crime and the Patterns of Roles of School Resource Officers: Evidence From a National Longitudinal Study." Crime & Delinquency 66, no. 11 (2019): 1606–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128719875702.
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This study used national-level two-wave longitudinal data from school principals ( N = 850) to examine whether and the extent to which implementing school resource officers (SROs) with varying role profiles related to changes in crime recorded in schools and reported to police. We identified three common role profiles of SROs: Low Engagement, Full Triad, and Reactionary. Implementing SROs engaged primarily in law enforcement (i.e., Reactionary SROs) predicted increases in recording nonserious violent and property crimes and a decrease in reporting drug crime to the police, respectively. Implementing Full Triad SROs who were also engaged in additional roles (e.g., mentoring) predicted a reduction in recording nonserious violent crimes, but an increase in recording property crimes and reporting crime to law enforcement.
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Kibichii, Evanson, and Panuel Mwaeke. "Nexus Between Urban Crime and Unemployment in Nairobi City County, Kenya." Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2024): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.58721/eajhss.v3i1.533.
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This paper establishes the nature of urban crimes prevalent in Nairobi County, Kenya in the context of Kibera and Karen jurisdictions. The paper adopted a descriptive research design and stratified random sampling technique to enlist respondents into the study. The study sample size comprised of 196 respondents and 10 Key Informants (K-I’s). The main data collection methods were the questionnaire for the main respondents and interviews for K.I’s. Quantitative data was analyzed with the aid of a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Frequency distribution tables were used to present data. The findings indicate that; the nature of urban crimes prevalent in Nairobi County in general, specifically in Kibera and Karen jurisdictions were categorized into; violent crimes (44.4%), property crimes (55.4%), and drug-related (10.2%). Violent crimes included; armed robberies, and street robberies. Property crimes included; break-ins, stealing, and muggings. According to 80% of the K.Is, most criminals were mainly unemployed youths, most of them utilizing criminality as a source of livelihood. These youthful criminal gangs waylaid victims going to or from jobs in the evening and early morning to rob or mug them. The study observed that an increase in unemployment led to property crimes, while significant violent crimes were only committed due to the trigger effects of unemployment. This study recommends serious national resource mapping that will factor in industrialization and Job creation for the unemployed. Further, the study recommends Job creation in county governments to discourage rural to urban migrations of job seekers to cities.
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Nabokov, L. V., E. V. Koroleva, and P. G. Manukyan. "On some questions of qualification of property crimes." Innovative Economics and Law, no. 2 (2023): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53015/2782-263x_2023_2_108.
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Subject. When qualifying crimes against property, a number of difficulties arise, in particular, the question of the end of the criminal act and the place of its commission. Qualification issues are the subject of research. Goal. Conduct a study of the position of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in qualifying property crimes. Method or methodology. The study is based on methods of analysis of legal sources, as well as methods of induction and deduction. The results of the work. This paper analyzes the expediency of changing the position of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the qualification of property crimes. Conclusions. The change in the position of the highest judicial instance is connected with the desire to «unload» the judicial system and evenly distribute the burden in the investigation of criminal encroachments. At the same time, such a determination of the place of commission and the end of the crime will lead to difficulties in terms of proof, as well as in general to issues related to the initiation of a criminal case.
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Wiśniowska, Karolina, and Jakub Garncarz. "Socio-economic development of Polish regions and crime." Studia Administracji i Bezpieczeństwa 10, no. 10 (2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6331.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the socio economic development of different regions of Poland and the number and structure of the most frequent crimes committed in them. The study clearly shows that crimes related to corruption and theft are most frequently committed in the richer regions of Poland, while the number of crimes related to damage to property decreased with the level of socio-economic development. Among the analyzed crimes, the highest correlation with macroeconomic variables was observed in the case of theft and corruption crimes; a particularly strong relationship was found between corruption and the level of GDP and wages, and between the number of thefts and the stock of housing and the level of GDP in the regions. Moreover, the structure and number of crimes in the poorest regions of Poland show many similarities, with five of the eight poorest regions in eastern Poland showing a relationship between the number and types of crimes.
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Shevchenko, Andrey. "Methods of Acquiring or Selling Property Previously Obtained by Criminal Means as an Element of the Forensic Description of Crimes Under Art. 175 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation." Siberian Criminal Process and Criminalistic Readings, no. 1 (43) (March 29, 2024): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2411-6122.2024.1.100-110.
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The author studies the methods of acquitting or selling property previously obtained by criminal means as an element of their forensic description and a component of forensic support. The forensic contents of acquiring or selling criminally obtained property are elements, links and relations between the forensic features of crimes under Art. 175 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The issues of differentiating between post-criminal use and illegal disposal of property previously obtained by criminal means are examined. The choice of the method of acquisition or sale is determined by the availability of the criminally obtained property to the subject of this earlier crime and persons connected with him. Specifics of the acquisition or sale (preparing, committing, covering the crime) are examined, including those of a remote type. Remote selling of such property could totally or partially exclude the contact with the buyer.
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Sultan, Sana, Sidra Ilyas, Kashif Saeed, Sabira Dilawar, Nayla Ibrar, and Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh. "Socio-Economic Determinants of Crime: A Case Study of District Prison of Vehari." Journal of Asian Development Studies 13, no. 2 (2024): 1498–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.62345/jads.2024.13.2.119.
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This study is crucial for understanding the intricate relationship between socio-economic factors and criminal behavior. This research shows how various socioeconomic conditions, such as employment status, education attainment, and social inequality, influence crime rates in Vehari. Gaining insights into these determinants is essential for developing targeted and effective strategies to reduce crime and improve social stability in the district. This study investigates the determinants of crime in district Vehari by testing 15 hypotheses related to crime-related and socioeconomic factors using cross-tabulation analysis and chi-square tests. Data was collected from 169 prisoners at district jail Vehari through simple random sampling. The study reveals that property crimes are more prevalent than violent crimes, with offenders serving shorter sentences for property crimes. Social factors significantly influence both types of crime, with property crime offenders showing higher levels of regret and being less influenced by inmate interactions compared to their violent crime counterparts. In contrast, violent crime offenders tend to come from nuclear families, live in urban areas, and have somewhat better educational backgrounds. Chi-square tests confirm that crime type is significantly associated with offence frequency, sentence duration, crime motivations, education level, distrust, social deprivation, and family relationships. However, crime type is not significantly related to prisoner remorse or interactions with other inmates, family type, area of residence, or relationship with the household head.
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Imalka, D. D. D., and B. V. N. Wijewardhana. "A Criminological Study on Crimes in the Western Province of Sri Lanka, During the covid 19 Lockdown Period." Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 07, no. 01 (2022): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v07i01.13.
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The novel coronavirus Covid 19 has become a worldwide public health pandemic that has induced Anomic conditions to influence daily routines. Crime is a constant phenomenon of society and it results in the necessity of maintaining crime prevention and controlling machinery during any situation to establish law and order. The study used the positivist paradigm to interpret the research problem ''Has Covid 19 changed the crimes in Sri Lanka during the lockdowns in early 2020'' while analyzing the relationship between crimes and Covid 19 induced lockdowns. The study followed a deductive approach; Primary data was collected from sixty-four police officers, who were selected according to the stratified sampling technique within the Western province. Questionnaires and interviews were the main primary data collection tools used in the study. Qualitative and quantitative mixed analytical tools were applied in identifying criminal tendencies during the lockdown period. The study revealed that property crimes in the year 2020 dropped by 44% more than the year 2019 and 63% of property crimes were committed during the first half of the year 2020 compared to the whole year. Sexual crimes noted a 0.99% drop and violent crimes stated a 50% drop compared to 2019. However, organized crimes have increased 11% more than in 2019. From all the categories of crimes, over 50% were committed during the first half of the year 2020. It further demonstrates that property crimes increased because of the economic instability induced by the lockdowns. However, drug-related crimes were committed continuously without considering the pandemic and lockdowns. The study further discovered that there was a decrease in regular street crimes and minor crimes such as pick-pocketing, vehicle theft, and spare parts robberies executed in the Pettah area during the Covid 19 lockdown period. The study recommends the application of a technological approach to detect criminal tendencies, and pandemic planning module, which can be implemented to the national emergency management system.
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Rostami, Soraya. "Juridical Study of Crimes Committed with Computer." Asian Social Science 12, no. 11 (2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n11p79.
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<p class="a">By development of computer networks, computer -related crime spreading immoral that had negative impact on social systems including families and organizations and, more children were invaded by, the spread of computer crimes in the third world called cultural invasion.</p><p class="a">Committing dishonest acts in ignorance or belief that the right to intervene in the operation of computer systems or data entry, or data deletion, or the messages. those committed acts does not categorize in fraud documentary, if the aforementioned act intended to endamage business rivals and if there is no property gained then that act does not categorize in fraud documentary too. Motivation and intention of act does not impact on kind of crime realization. E-commerce law states in Article 67: (perpetrator is punishable if committed as a result of using fraudulent means, personal or automated processing systems deceived in order to gain a person’s property. For this reason, the mere intention to resort to dishonest means and education funds, property or privileges, is not sufficient to fulfill the offense.</p>
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Oteo Pérez, Alberto, Annemieke Benschop, Peter Blanken, and Dirk J. Korf. "Criminal Involvement and Crime Specialization Among Crack Users in the Netherlands." European Addiction Research 21, no. 2 (2014): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000363737.
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Background/Aims: Crack users in the Netherlands are an ageing and diverse population with longstanding criminal careers. Our aim was to assess factors associated with current criminal involvement and specialization in selling drugs, property crime and violence. Method: A sample of 1,039 frequent crack users was recruited in three major Dutch cities, combining respondent-driven sampling with random institutional sampling. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to find factors associated with current criminality. Results: A total of 431 participants (41.5%) had engaged in crime in the past 30 days, mostly selling drugs (68.9%), followed by property crimes (34.4%) and a few cases of violent crime (9.7%). Younger age, homelessness, heavier patterns of use and a more prolific criminal justice history were associated with current criminality. Those receiving welfare benefits tended to be more likely to specialize only in selling drugs as opposed to (also) property crimes. Conclusion: Reducing drug use among criminally involved crack users and addressing their housing conditions could have a significant impact on reducing drug-related crime. Welfare benefits might act as protective factor against committing property crimes but not against the selling of drugs.
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Nedohibchenko, Yevheniia. "Criminal liability for committing crimes in the sphere intellectual property under the laws of foreign countries." Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property, no. 6 (December 27, 2021): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33731/62021.249466.
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Keywords: intellectual property, copyright and related rights, objects of industrialproperty, means of individualization, criminal liability, crimes against intellectualproperty
 The article providesan overview of individual articles of the criminal codes of Ukraine, the Republic ofLatvia, Georgia and the People's Republic of China. These articles have constituted crimes against intellectual property. Statistics on the number of sentences in cases ofinfringement of intellectual property rights in Ukraine for 10 years.The rapid development of science and technology in the 21st century is creatingnew impetus for scientific research. There is a need to update national legislation.New approaches to intellectual property protection continue to be sought around theworld. Issues of crime in the field of intellectual property are becoming relevant anddiscussed among scientists, authors, inventors.The author gives examples of the Criminal Codes of Ukraine, the Republic ofLatvia, Georgia, and the People's Republic of China. The experience of the People'sRepublic of China is logical, correct in legal terms.Intellectual property provides economic benefits. Ago crimes against intellectualproperty should be classified as economic. According to the author, the Ukrainian authoritieswill be faced with new demands from foreign partners, including the EU, tostrengthen the fight against crime in this area under the threat of significant internationaleconomic sanctions. The proposed changes are aimed at eliminating gaps inlegislation and avoiding errors in the application of the Criminal Code of Ukraine bylaw enforcement agencies.
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Wagner, Ulrich, Sarantis Tachtsoglou, Patrick Ferdinand Kotzur, Maria-Therese Friehs, and Uwe Kemmesies. "Proportion of Foreigners Negatively Predicts the Prevalence of Xenophobic Hate Crimes within German Districts." Social Psychology Quarterly 83, no. 2 (2020): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272519887719.
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Statistics show that the increase in the number of refugees to Germany since 2015 was accompanied by an increase in xenophobic hate crimes. We deduced rivaling predictions from intergroup contact and intergroup threat theories that could explain the occurrence of xenophobic hate crimes. By combining structural data of the 402 German districts with the 2015 police crime statistics, we found evidence to support our predictions that aligns with intergroup contact theory: the higher the proportion of foreigners in a district, the lower the prevalence of xenophobic hate crimes. Our analyses further show that the prevalence of xenophobic hate crime attacks was positively related to the total prevalence of registered criminal offenses in a district and was higher in eastern German districts.
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Korotiuk, Oksana. "Repeatency as a qualifying feature of crimes affecting the objects of intellectual property rights." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 2, no. 2 (2020): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-2-158-162.
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The article reveals the peculiarities of repeatency as a qualifying feature of crimes affecting the objects of intellectual property rights. The analysis made it possible to conclude that the repetition of socially dangerous encroachments on objects of intellectual property rights takes place in the case of: a) committing certain socially dangerous acts on the same object of intellectual property rights two or more times (for example, repeated illegal publication of the same work after the sale of the previous edition); b) committing certain socially dangerous acts on different objects of intellectual property rights, which are defined in the same article (part of article) of the Criminal Code, two or more times (for example, committing illegal reproduction of one work, and then committing illegal reproduction of another work); c) committing two or more different separate socially dangerous acts (actions whose objective side is different) in relation to the objects (object) of intellectual property rights, which are defined (which is defined) in the same article (part of article) of the Criminal Code (for example, illegal reproduction of the work and its illegal distribution). The conclusion is that presence or absence of a sign of repeated encroachments on the objects of in-tellectual property rights depends on the following factors: 1) the number of committed socially dangerous acts; 2) the number of objects of intellectual property rights that are negatively (criminally) affected. At the same time, the infringement of several objects of intellectual property rights does not always indicate the recurrence of crimes. For example, encroachment on an object of related rights, which simultaneously results not only in violation of the holder's right to the object of related rights (audiovisual work), but also in violation of the rights of the author of the text and / or musical work. However, several people (copyright and related rights) are affected by this event.
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DAANOV, Canpolad. "TALAMA CİNAYƏTLƏRİNİN ARAŞDIRILMASINDA BƏZİ İNNOVATİV TEXNOLOGİYALARIN VƏ METODLARIN TƏTBİQİNİN KRİMİNALİSTİK ASPEKTLƏRİ." Polis Akademiyasının Elmi Xəbərləri 41, no. 1 (2024): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.62130/mbdd6316.
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Currently, the selection of appropriate technical means and methods related to the process of developing innovative forensic technologies, the study of their forensic features, as well as the need to use them to solve and investigate crimes is relevant. The article shows the development of new methods and methods in accordance with the development of digital technologies and the possibility of their use in order to obtain information of criminological significance for the detection, investigation and prevention of crimes. As in other types of crimes, the possibility of using drones, 3D modeling, biodetectors, automated fingerprint systems, etc., as well as unconventional methods in identifying and investigating illegal actions related to the theft of private property of citizens.
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Ivantsov, Sergey, Elina Sidorenko, Boris Spasennikov, Yuri Berezkin, and Yakov Sukhodolov. "Cryptocurrency-Related Crimes: Key Criminological Trends." Всероссийский криминологический журнал 13, no. 1 (2019): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(1).85-93.
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The authors have analyzed crimes connected with the use of virtual currency in the regional and international aspects. They introduce a new category of «cryptocrime» understood as the aggregate of publically dangerous acts, united by their common systemic characteristics, committed against or using the products of distributed registries (cryptocurrency, tokens and other forms of digital financial assets). They analyze each of the cryptocrime segments separately: illegal trade in psychoactive substances (narcotics, psychoactive substances, precursors), pornography and other prohibited content (including illegal services); laundering of criminal proceeds; theft of cryptocurrency and tokens. Using the scientific research methods (comparative, sociological, statistical analysis and extrapolation of data, building a trend line, etc.) the authors identify regularities in the dynamics of each type of cryptocrime as well as key factors facilitating them. The goal of the authors is to conduct a systemic examination of crimes committed against and using cryptocurrency and to determine the prospects of developing different segments of cryptocrime. To achieve this goal, they analyze qualitative and quantitative characteristics of illegal trade in narcotics and pornography, legalization of criminal proceeds and theft of digital assets. They name the anonymity of cryptocurrency as a factor facilitating illegal trade in drugs, while the growing scope of the legalization of criminal proceeds and theft is facilitated by the fact that cryptocurrency and tokens do not have a legal status as objects of civil law and objects of encroachments on property. The analysis allows the authors to conclude that without effective criminological measures the level of such crimes will continue to grow and may double by the end of 2019. According to the authors, the priority directions of international criminal policy in the sphere of cryptocrime prevention include determining cryptocurrencies’ legal status, licensing cryptocurrency trade (stock exchange services, exchange platforms, companies issuing tokens), setting international standards of counteracting the legalization of criminal proceeds and the financing of terrorism, creating a cryptocrime database.
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Skvortsova, O., and V. Silvanovich. "QUESTIONS OF QUALIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF ROBBERY WITH RELATED CRIMES." Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7, no. 4 (2023): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-4-219-226.
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This article provides a legal analysis of the composition of robbery, provided for in Article 162 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as a crime against property. The characteristic signs of robbery as the most dangerous form of theft are studied. The problematic issues of differentiation of robbery and related crimes are considered. The specifics of the qualification of robbery committed by a group of persons by prior agreement are investigated. Some of the analyzed aspects are illustrated by examples of judicial practice in cases of robbery.
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Kirilenko, Fedir. "Deliberate destruction or damage to another's property caused by arson in 1960-2018." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 3, no. 3 (2020): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-3-131-137.
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One of the most important elements of the criminological characteristic of intentional destruction of property through arson is the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the commission of this crime, which include the level, structure, dynamics and geography. A full characterization of intentional destruction or damage to property by arson requires consideration of a number of criminological elements, including quantitative and qualitative indicators of intentional destruction or damage to property by arson, characterization of the offender committing intentional destruction or damage to property by arson, cause damage to property by arson. The article looks at statistics from 1960-2018 that reflect the level of crimes related to the deliberate destruction or damage to another's property by arson. The analysis is based on official statistics of the Interior Ministry of Ukraine. The focus is on the dynamics of reported crimes. The study of statistics from 1960-2018 on the deliberate destruction or damage of another's property by means of arson allows to obtain a considerable amount of useful information about the mechanism and means of arson, about the conditions and circumstances under which it was prepared and committed, the identity of the offender, etc. Identifying typical methods of arson can be the basis for developing versions, determining the direction of the investigation and the most appropriate ways to search the offender, establishing and further eliminating the circumstances contributing to the arson. The purpose and purpose of this article is to investigate statistics from 1960-2018 that reflect the results of the activities of law enforcement agencies in the detection of crimes related to the deliberate destruction and damage to property, including those committed by arson. The overall crime rate can be traced to the tables provided in the article. Investigations can form the basis of law-making activities, as well as serve as a basis for further scientific inquiries concerning the criminal-law characteristics of intentional destruction or damage to property.
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Borovskich, R. N., and S. N. Sabanin. "Current Theoretical and Practical Issues of Theft Qualification." Juridical science and practice 20, no. 4 (2025): 41–49. https://doi.org/10.25205/2542-0410-2024-20-4-41-49.
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The article examines current theoretical and practical issues arising in the qualification of theft. The authors conducted and presented an analysis of the problems of qualification related to the characteristics of legal liability and the distinction between theft and crimes that have identical characteristics. The work presents a number of arguments confirming the need for a clearer distinction between theft and civil, administrative, tax and other offenses. Proposals are put forward to eliminate contradictions in judicial practice in assessing and distinguishing crimes related to the secret theft of someone else’s property.
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Rudik, M. "CHARACTERISTIC OF CRIME RELATED TO THE ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING OF NARCOTIC DRUGS, PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES AND THEIR ANALOGUES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA." Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7, no. 3 (2022): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-3(2)-253-263.
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The author analyzed the dynamics of crimes related to the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues on the territory of the Republic of Crimea in 2016–2020. In addition, the structure of crime related to the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their analogues in the territory of the Republic of Crimea was analyzed. Some statistics indicate that the majority of crimes related to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances are committed by persons who do not have a permanent source of income. The author notes that at present, effective counteraction to drug-related crimes has a number of difficulties arising from the transition from contact types of sale to non-contact ones, which are actively used by persons distributing and selling narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. In countering such electronic methods of contactless sale of narcotic drugs, law enforcement agencies often work in an insufficient, and sometimes in a truncated format. The main difficulties in its high-quality implementation are reduced to the difficulties in the implementation of technical processing of the Internet messengers used for its implementation, operations with cryptocurrencies, as well as the use of anonymizers.
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Kurylo, Volodymyr I., Viktor V. Mushenok, Andrii V. Kholostenko, Oksana P. Mashevska, and Alina V. Sira. "Inaccuracy of Information about the Property of the Subject of the Declaration as a Qualifying Feature of a Corruption-Related Offence." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, no. 5 (2020): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2020-0104.
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The article investigates the composition of administrative offences and corruption-related crimes on the subject of “declaring inaccurate information about property and income”, criminal and administrative liability for their commission. Based on the comparative and legal analysis, the main differences of the mentioned corruption offences’ structures have been determined. It has been established that the basic differences in the composition of corruption administrative misconduct and corruption-related crime refer to the object (the value of the property concerning which inaccurate information has been submitted) and the subjective aspect. The distinctions in liability have been determined for submitting of deliberately inaccurate information in the declaration by the subject regarding the property or other objects of value. Judicial practice reveals that in case of an administrative offence, “the submission of deliberately inaccurate information” refers to the subjective aspect, whereas the qualification of a corruption-related crime takes place in the case of deliberate misrepresentations about property value by the declarant. Analysis of judicial practice in the Unified State Register of Judicial Decisions has revealed the following features: a fine is a common form of punishment; imprisonment is much less often used; evidence of fact that a person has committed an act in the form of non-filing, untimely submission of the declaration or submission of inaccurate information in the declaration is sufficient to make a conviction; lack of a thorough investigation of the subjective aspect of crimes with a predominance of judgments in favor of intent or submission of inaccurate information in a declaration; lack of a detailed investigation of the subjective aspect of crimes with a predominance of judgments in favor of criminal intent.
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Verkeev, Arseny, and Dmitriy Serebrennikov. "Victims of Their Own Fear: the Perceived Safety and Crime Victim Experience in Russia." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 22, no. 2 (2023): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2023-2-179-206.
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In recent decades, criminologists around the world have observed a decrease in the level of crime, especially violent crime, that is, the so-called “great crime drop”. However, the actual safety may not correspond to subjective safety, i.e., how people perceive their safety against various threats. In this article, we use the Russian Crime Victimization Survey(2021) conducted by the Institute for the Rule of Law at the European University at St. Petersburg to study the relationships between fear of crime, and the sociodemographic and the criminological characteristics of the respondents. These data make it possible to assess how the experience of victims of various crimes and their fear of different types of crimes are related. We find that the relationships between socio-demographic characteristics and fear of crime in Russia are broadly similar to those observed in other countries. At the same time, we identify a number of noteworthy features regarding crime victims. First, the victim experience increases the level of fear of crime on average. Second, the more serious the crime incidents people have experienced in the past, the higher their level of fear of crime. Third, victims of classic in-person crimes (such as theft or assault) often fear future crime. Moreover, in case of property crime, they tend to fear future property crime but not violence. At the same time, victims of violence can fear future property crime along with violence. The fact that the incident was remote (committed via the Internet or telephone) is not related to the fear of crime. Thus, the fear of “classic” crimes is experienced differently by the victims as compared to remote crimes which poses broader questions about the dynamics of perceived safety and the demand for the law enforcement involvement in the future.
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Steponavičiūtė, Ramunė. "The scope of criminal liability for misappropriation of authorship in EU countries: comparative analysis." Vilnius University Open Series, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 192–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/os.law.2020.17.
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Intellectual property legal protection is undoubtedly one of the most important factors and conditions of effective economic, social and cultural development in modern society. According to researchers, absolute majority of countries in the world have set criminal liability for certain crimes against intellectual property rights, including all of the European Union (hereinafter – EU) countries. One of those crimes is misappropriation of authorship. Yet the criminal laws of EU countries criminalise misappropriation of authorship very differently - some protect not only author rights but also related rights, the conditions for criminal liability in the general corpus delicti are of a very different scope as well as the punishments for those crimes differ significantly. This analysis will present the scope of criminal liability in all the EU countries, including the reasons why, as well as will try to find the answer whether ways of coping with these difficulties exist.
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Kouhbaei, Kamran. "Analysis of the Crime of Unlawful Seizure of State and Public Property." Journal of Politics and Law 9, no. 10 (2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n10p113.
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Unlawful seizure has the importance and a particular priority (from the criminal dimension) as one of the abuses of government officers than state and public funds and property in the legislative system. This importance is so strong that crimes in the unlawful seizure warrants in non-criminal laws in the years after the revolution. Unlawful seizure is including crimes against state property (in the general sense) tha<strong>t </strong>can be studied among criminal law from the crimes issues against property and ownership. Since the perpetrators of the crime are from the employees of governmental and public agencies Due to the lack of expertise, increasing the charge of the government and large volumes of laws and regulations are not aware of the three elements of the crime. Abundant contact of staff with the attracted target and their extension, that in the meantime, control all aspects of those objectives is facing constraints caused by government departments with the highest number of regulatory bodies in the field of witness. Also weakness of moral values and fading of the obscenity of crimes is caused reputational reduce costs and increase the number of perpetrators of crime detection, and is resulted the inability of management and supervisory institutions in the control of crime. In the prevention of this crime, relying on secondary prevention in people at risk of criminal policy can be effective, and training the various concepts and concepts that are effective in reducing crime. In any form, strengthening of regulatory bodies and religious and ethical values, transparency of rules as the best way of preventing or reducing crime in the area has been proposed. In this study, the author tries to explain the crime of illegal possession of public funds in accordance with the Code of Criminal Procedure the country. It should be noted that this type of research in the article will be libraries and analytical method, data and information.
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Ianina, Irina Yu. "Criminal Law Protection of Intellectual Property (in Accordance with Art. 146 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Violation of Copyright and Related Rights”)." Rossijskoe pravosudie, no. 3 (January 27, 2025): 90–99. https://doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2025.3.90-99.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the issues of criminal liability for crimes infringing on intellectual property. Based on the various points of view existing in the criminal law doctrine, the author concludes that crimes against intellectual property should include illegal acts prohibited by Art. 146, 147 and 180 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Some problems of qualification of the composition of copyright and related rights violations have been identified: coercion to co-authorship or refusal of co-authorship does not form an act provided for in рt. 1 of Art. 146 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; in case of illegal use of copyright or related rights, it is required to establish such a dimensional attribute as a large size; in the disposition of pt. 2 of Art. 146 of the Criminal Code, the legislator says “illegal” is used only in relation to the act of using copyright or related certificates.
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Oliveira, Andréa Benetti Carvalho de, Thomaz Teodorovicz, Luiz Alberto Esteves, and Marlon Alves Cardoso. "UNIDADES PARANÁ SEGURO E SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA NO MUNICÍPIO DE CURITIBA: uma avaliação quantitativa local da implementação das unidades." Revista Políticas Públicas 18, no. 2 (2015): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v18n2p497-510.
Full textAbstract:
O governo estadual do Paraná começou, em 2012, a implantação de um novo modelo de policiamento, pautado no conceitode “policiamento comunitário”, voltado à redução de homicídios e combate a crimes relativos às drogas: as “Unidades Paraná Seguro”. O objetivo do trabalho é mensurar o impacto dessas unidades na criminalidade em Curitiba. A base de dados analisada continha informações trimestrais de ocorrências criminais para o período entre janeiro de 2011 e setembro de 2013. Essas informações foram agrupadas em três categorias: crimes contra pessoas; relativos a drogas; e contra o patrimônio. Para tanto, aplica a metodologia estatística de diferenças-em-diferenças em uma base de dados em painel para estimar o efeito tratamento médio, tanto nos bairros inseridos, como vizinhos às zonas de influência das unidades. Os resultados indicam que, embora o impacto sobre os crimes relativosàs drogas não tenha sido significativo, houve redução nos homicídios e significativo decréscimo dos crimes contra o patrimônio.Palavras-chave: Segurança pública, polícia comunitária, Unidades Paraná Seguro, avaliação de impacto, política pública.UNITS PARANÁ INSURANCE AND PUBLIC SAFETY IN THE CITY OF CURITIBA: a quantitative local evaluation of units’ implementationAbstract: In 2012 Paraná’s state government has begun the implementation of a new policing model: the “Unidade Paraná Seguro”(UPS). Based on the “community policy” concept, UPS’ main goal is to reduce both the rate of homicides and drug-related crimes.This paper aims to measure the results of such policy regarding its potential impact over Curitiba’s criminality rates. Quarterly crimerecords at a district-level from January/2011 until September/2013 were allocated in three different study-groups: crime againstindividuals; drug-related crimes; and property crimes. Differences-in-differences statistical methodology was applied to estimate the mean treatment effect on districts with an UPS and on its border districts. The results indicate that, although the impact over drug-related crimes was not statistically significant, there was reduction in homicides and significant reduction in property crimes.Key words: Public security, community police, Units Paraná Insurance, impact evaluation, public policy
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Rogova, Evgeniya, та Artem Peretolchin. "Оffenses Against Property in the Conditions of Digital Transformation". Academic Law Journal 23, № 3 (2022): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/1819-0928.2022.23(3).256-264.
Full textAbstract:
The article discusses some issues of criminal liability for offenses against property committed in the conditions of digital transformation, which causes the emergence of new ways of committing crimes that require improvement of criminal law regulation at the present stage of public relations' development. The article pays special attention to the problems of qualification of individual criminal encroachments committed with the use of information and telecommunication technologies and computer information. The issues of determining some elements, as well as the qualification of special fraud crimes, for which attackers use electronic means of payment, computer systems, digital accesses, are considered. The article focuses on the lack of consensus in opinion among the scientific community and law enforcers regarding the definition of the object and subject of this crime, existing difficulties in identifying the objective side, as well as disjoint of approaches to the practice of qualifying acquisitive crimes committed using information and telecommunication technologies and computer information. In addition, some problems related to the definition of cryptocurrency as a subject of crimes are considered. In order to solve the problems, an analysis of law enforcement practice was carried out, existing trends and contradictions in the differentiation of the problematic aspects are identified. Finally, the article substantiates the conclusion that the high speed of information technology development requires the criminal legislation dynamism, which should reflect public relations changes in the context of digital globalization. It is emphasized, that certain steps to regulate public relations in the context of digital globalization have been taken by the legislation. However, the issue of adapting the criminal law to the new conditions and current demands of the information society is one of the priorities.
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Argun, Uğur, and Murat Dağlar. "Examination of Routine Activities Theory by the property crime." International Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 1 (2016): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3665.
Full textAbstract:
The studies on crime prevention, causes of crime and the theories associated with it are very essential topics in criminology. Routine Activities Theory (RAT) is also the basis for the many criminological theories. Although it has some shortcomings it is very usual that the theorists and practitioners on crime prevention can benefit from such a strong theory. This study explains the applicability of Routine Activities Theory in prevention and reducing of property crimes in the context of some parameters related to burglary and auto theft incidents in US. The study aims to give some information of the routine activity theory and investigate its relationship with prevention of property crimes. The results of study suggest that Routine Activity Theory may be used as a useful tool by crime reduction or prevention practitioners to evaluate crime problems and also take routine precautions and measures that reduce crime opportunities in people’s daily activities.
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Zoyirovich, Narziyev Shaxzodbek. "OBJECTIVE FAULTITIVE SIGNS OF THE CRIME OF VIOLENCE AS A SIGN OF AGGRAVATING RESPONSIBILITY." International Journal of Law And Criminology 4, no. 1 (2024): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijlc/volume04issue01-17.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, in the tenth chapter of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the crimes related to "Robbery of other people's property" are defined, and among these crimes, some considerations are given about the optional signs of the crime of invasion, which is focused on its nature and social danger, and as a result of these considerations, it is recommended that the suggestions and recommendations be defined as an aggravating circumstance in the field of criminal law.