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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contact linguistics'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Côté, Pierre. "Ethnolinguistic contact: An interactive situated approach." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7502.

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The objectives of the present research were twofold. The main objective was to study the effects of different types of social situations (very intimate vs. very task-specific), language choices made by Anglophone interlocutors (French vs. English) and subjects' ethnolinguistic vitality (French vs. English) on the language spoken by Francophones and on their perception of the interaction. A secondary goal was to develop a taxonomy of social situations representative of the everyday lives of students to serve in a study of ethnolinguistic contact. In order to achieve these objectives three studies were conducted. In the first study a total of 4753 relationships, topics of conversation and activities constituting various interpersonal situations were provided by 484 subjects. The social situations were rank-ordered by 121 student/experimenters according to their level of intimacy and task specificity. The social situations collected could be grouped into six clusters representing six levels of intimacy and task specificity. On the basis of these clusters a taxonomy of social situations was elaborated. A second study was conducted to further validate the findings obtained in the first study and to select 8 social situations to serve as stimuli in the third study. Two hundred and forty-three students from introductory psychology classes rated 20 social situations on their degree of intimacy and task specificity. The twenty social situations used as stimuli were taken from the taxonomy presented in the first study. In a third and final study, Francophone subjects' language behavior was studied by having them read four short vignettes representing an interaction between a Francophone and an Anglophone. The subjects were instructed to identify with the Francophone interlocutor represented in the vignettes and to respond in writing to the Anglophone interlocutor in the language of their choice. Depending on the experimental condition the subjects were exposed to one of four possibilities: (1) four vignettes representing very intimate situations where the Anglophone interlocutor always responded in French, (2) four vignettes representing very intimate situations where the Anglophone interlocutor always responded in English, (3) four vignettes representing very task-specific situations where the Anglophone interlocutor always responded in French, and lastly (4) four vignettes representing very task-specific situations where the Anglophone interlocutor always responded in English. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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2

Ng, E.-Ching. "The Phonology of Contact| Creole sound change in context." Thesis, Yale University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3663654.

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This dissertation identifies three previously unexplained typological asymmetries between creoles, other types of language contact, and `normal' sound change. (1) The merger gap deals with phoneme loss. French /y/ merges with /i/ in all creoles worldwide, whereas merger with /u/ is also well-attested in other forms of language contact. The rarity of /u/ reflexes in French creoles is unexplained, especially because they are well attested in French varieties spoken in West Africa. (2) The assimilation gap focuses on stress-conditioned vowel assimilation. In creoles the quality of the stressed vowel often spreads to unstressed vowels, e.g. English potato > Krio /&rgr;ϵ&rgr;&tgr;ϵ&tgr;ϵ/. Strikingly, we do not find the opposite in creoles, but it is well attested among non-creoles, e.g. German umlaut and Romance metaphony. (3) The epenthesis gap is about repairs of word-final consonants.These are often preserved in language contact by means of vowel insertion (epenthesis), e.g. English big > Sranan bigi, but in normal language transmission this sound change is said not to occur in word-final position.

These case studies make it possible to test various theories of sound change on new data, by relating language contact outcomes to the phonetics of non-native perception and L2 speech production. I also explore the implications of social interactions and historical developments unique to creolisation, with comparisons to other language contact situations.

Based on the typological gaps identified here, I propose that sociohistorical context, e.g. age of learner or nature of input, is critical in determining linguistic outcomes. Like phonetic variation, it can be biased in ways which produce asymmetries in sound change. Specifically, in language contact dominated by adult second language acquisition, we find transmission biases towards phonological rather than perceptual matching, overcompensation for perceptual weakness, and overgeneralisation of phrase-final prominence.

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3

Lindbäck, Hannes. "Contact Effects in Swedish Romani Phonology." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-437346.

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This thesis examines possible contact effects in the segmental phonology in an idiolect of Swedish Romani. From data gathered from one speaker of Swedish Romani I describe the phonology on a segmental level and then compare this with the phonology of its progenitor, Proto-Northwestern Romani. The traces of interference could in almost every case be explained as features gained from contact with Swedish. When features were judged to have entered Swedish Romani from a different language, intense contact with Swedish could possible explain why these features have remained in Swedish Romani.
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4

Aycard, Pierre Benjamin Jacques. "The use of Iscamtho by children in white city-Jabavu, Soweto: slang and language contact in an African urban context." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12813.

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The work presented in this thesis relies on language recordings gathered during thirty months of fieldwork in White City-Jabavu, Soweto. The data was collected from children between the ages of two and nine, following anthropological participant observation, and through the use of an audio recorder. Strong attention was given to the sociolinguistics and structure of the language collected. This thesis is interested in issues of slang use among children and language contact, as part of the larger field of tsotsitaal studies. It is interested in: sociolinguistic issues of registers, slang, and style; and linguistic issues regarding the structural output of language contact. The main questions answered in the thesis concern whether children in White City use the local tsotsitaal, known as Iscamtho; and what particular kind of mixed variety supports their use of Iscamtho. Particularly, I focus on the prediction of the Matrix Language Frame model (Myers-Scotton 2002) regarding universal constraints on the output of language contact. This model was used previously to analyse Iscamtho use in Soweto. Using methodologies from three different disciplinary fields (anthropology, sociolinguistics, and linguistics) as well as four different analytic perspectives (participatory, statistical, conversational, and structural), I offer a thorough sociolinguistic and linguistic description of the children's language. I demonstrate that the universal constraints previously identified do not apply to a significant part of the children's speech, due to stylistic and multilingual practices in the local linguistic community. I further demonstrate that style, slang, and deliberate variations in language, can produce some unpredictable and yet stable structural output of language contact, which contradicts the main hypotheses of universal natural constraints over this output formulated by the Matrix Language Frame model.
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5

Loveday, Leo John. "The sociolinguistic evolution and synchronic dynamics of language contact in Japan." Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236709.

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6

Ratte, Alexander Takenobu. "Contact-Induced Phonological Change in Taiwanese." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313497239.

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7

Simango, Aurélio Zacarias. "Language variation and contact phonetic and phonological aspects of Portuguese of Maputo city." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11441.

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The main goal of this study was to determine the extent to which (some of) Chambers' (1998) "Eight Rules of Dialect Acquisition", also discussed by Surek-Clark (1998) in her study of Brazilian Portuguese speakers, apply to Mozambique Portuguese learners and if sociolinguistic factors such as age, education, residence and sex, play a significant role in allophonic distribution and sociolinguistic variation in Portuguese in Mozambique, taking into account community-based patterns of use. The data used in this study is part of Panorama of Oral Portuguese of Maputo "PPOM - Panorama do Português Oral do Maputo", a linguistic survey comprised of individual interviews and group interviews carried out in 1997 in region of the City of Maputo and its surroundings undertaken by Christopher Stroud and Perpétua Gonçalves (1997).
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8

Reindl, Donald F. "The effects of historical German-Slovene language contact on the Slovene language." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3162281.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2005.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 11, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-01, Section: A, page: 0165. Chair: Ronald Feldstein.
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9

Muxika, Loitzate Oihane. "The Role of Bilingualism in Phonological Neutralization: Sibilant Mergers in the Case of Basque-Spanish Contact." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1591977014269108.

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10

Curtis, Matthew Cowan. "Slavic-Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338406907.

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11

Barnes, Sonia. "MORPHOPHONOLOGICAL VARIATION IN URBAN ASTURIAN SPANISH: LANGUAGE CONTACT AND REGIONAL IDENTITY." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1371475793.

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12

Khalili, Niloofar. "Contact-induced cross-dialectal phonetic variability in an endangered Iranian language| The case of Taleshi." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10151059.

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This work presents the first large-scale empirical analysis of vowel variation in the three dialects (Northern, Central, Southern) of the spoken Iranian Taleshi. The vowel system of this minority language is underdocumented. My data provide unique and important insight, therefore, into this contracting language variety. Acoustic analyses are conducted on 6252 realizations of the Taleshi central vowels /[schwa]/ and /i/ in the spontaneous and controlled speech of 142 men and women living in Iran, in order to explore the impact centuries of contact with Farsi and other languages has had (and continues to have) on Taleshi. Fine-grained analyses in the F2 vowel formant reveal subtle permutations of the Taleshi sound system suggestive of convergence with neighboring languages (Farsi, Turkish). Specifically, this work identifies convergence between schwa /[schwa]/ (a vowel in Taleshi) and /o/ (a vowel in Farsi) as well as the convergence between /i/ (a vowel also in Taleshi) and /u/ (again in Taleshi and Farsi) in the three dialects of Taleshi. The impact of language contact is evident in significant F2 differences between speakers of the Central dialect, who have geographically less contact with other languages (Farsi, Turkish, etc.) vs. those speaking the Northern and the Southern dialects who have more contact with other languages. Statistical analyses controlling for internal factors (the target words' phonetic environment) and external factors (speaker age, education, settlement, and gender) known to contribute to formant variation, identify factors driving variation. Furthermore, the influence of language contact becomes evidenced in enhanced phonological convergence (F2 differences) in words that overlap phonologically, orthographically, and semantically (cognates and loanwords) with Farsi compared to words that do not share such interlingual similarity. Lastly, the degree of language activation in different speech settings would also support a contact explanation, in that convergence is most apparent in the speech reflecting increased activation of the contact language (as measured by percentage of language use in different speech settings during data collection). These comparisons demonstrate the role that convergence plays in the sound variations that are already inherent in Taleshi and contribute new data to the field of language contact. The paper argues that the sound variations in Taleshi are a consequence of both long-term language contact as well as more general social factors.

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13

Shivachi, Calebi I. "A case study in language contact : English, Kiswahili and Luhyia amongst the Luhyia people of Kenya." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9876.

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Bibliography: leaves 178-187.
The aim of this research is to provide some ground work in the study of Luhyia socio-linguistics. A fair amount of research on indigenous forms of English has been conducted in South Africa as well as West Africa. According to Schmied (1991), Nigeria is covered by several books and articles on English, but other areas of Africa are relatively blank. Schmied himself has produced primary work on English in East Africa. Studies of language maintenance and language shift have been undertaken by eminent scholars such as Brenzinger (1992), Eastman (1990, 1992). However, it is Myers-Scotton's pioneering research on code-switching among the Luhyia speakers undertaken in the 1980s that proyided the initial inspiration and further foundation for this thesis. An attempt is made here to build on Myers-Scotton's insightful observations on code-switching among Luhyia speakers. In addition this thesis explores the type of English in use among the Luhyia, and its effects on the indigenous language with which it has come into contact.
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Struve, Timothy James. "Readdressing the Quechua-Aru Contact Proposal: Historical and Lexical Perspectives." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1399026678.

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15

McDonald, Katherine Louise. "Language contact in South Oscan epigraphy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245201.

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This thesis examines evidence for language contact between Oscan and Greek in the corpus of Oscan inscriptions from Lucania, Bruttium and Messana. These inscriptions were written in an adapted form of the Greek alphabet from around the fourth to first century BC, with a few of the latest texts written in the Latin alphabet; as a group, these texts are referred to as ‘South Oscan’. The work draws on modern sociolinguistic theory of bilingualism and language contact alongside previous scholarship on ancient linguistics, epigraphy and archaeology. It also suggests a series of general principles for dealing with small epigraphic corpora from a sociolinguistic viewpoint. After laying out these frameworks, this work gives an introduction to the sites of the region and past scholarship on language contact in this corpus. The main body of the thesis deals with the corpus of texts from a number of complementary angles. Firstly, the adaptation of the South Oscan alphabet from the Greek alphabet is explored in detail. In particular, the development of various signs for /f/ and the use of ‘extra’ Greek characters like chi, theta and phi are investigated as evidence of ongoing contact between the languages. The rest of the thesis deals with the corpus by genre or inscription type: this includes dedications, curse tablets, legal texts, official texts (including coin legends) and funerary texts. While some types of text, such as curse tablets, show pronounced influence and borrowing from Greek, other genres such as legal or official texts show far fewer contact phenomena, even within the same community. In other instances, language contact appears to have resulted in regional linguistic developments: for example, some of the formulae used in South Oscan dedicatory and funerary texts appear to be creative adaptations arising from a combination of influences from both Oscan and Greek, without fully adopting existing models from either language. This thesis therefore stresses that communities developed norms about the appropriateness of borrowing from Greek in various kinds of texts. In many instances, linguistic and epigraphic borrowing from Greek in written texts seems to be determined by individual choice and variation within these community norms, rather than the result of incompetence.
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16

Dombrowski, Andrew. "Phonological aspects of language contact along the Slavic periphery| An ecological approach." Thesis, The University of Chicago, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3568374.

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This dissertation is focused on analyzing phonological contact between Slavic and non-Slavic languages in southeastern and northeastern Europe, with the particular goal of describing how the social context of language contact interacts with linguistic factors to shape the outcome of contact-induced change. On the basis of case studies drawn from north Russia and the Balkans, it is argued that feature selection – understood in terms of Mufwene's (2001, 2008) ecological approach to language change – constitutes the situation-specific optimization of four potentially competing factors: social prestige, phonological groundedness, faithfulness to L1, and mappability to L2. Chapter 1 of the dissertation provides theoretical context for that claim by reviewing the role that phonology has played up to now in the study of language contact and theoretical approaches to modeling the linguistic outcome of language contact.

A methodological consequence of this proposal is that it is crucial to examine case studies in a way informed by a thorough understanding of the historical and demographic background underlying the specific sociolinguistic dynamics of each case study. Chapter 2 provides an extensive overview of the historical and sociolinguistic background pertinent to the case studies discussed in later chapters. A particular contrast is drawn between the sociolinguistic environment of north Russia, in which Russian has spread at the expense of other languages for the last millennium, and that of the Balkans, which has been characterized by a more multipolar dynamic of multilingualism, in which no single language played a dominant role in the linguistic ecology of the region.

Chapters 3, 4, and 5 explicate case studies that show how the factors of social prestige, phonological groundedness, faithfulness to L1, and mappability to L2 interact differently depending on the specific sociolinguistic dynamics of each case study. Chapter 3 is dedicated to a case study examining how the Slavic jers behaved in situations of intense language contact, comparing the outcomes in two particularly interesting locales. The northern periphery of Slavic is represented by Novgorod, which is contrasted with Opoja, where the contact language was Albanian. Chapter 4 examines the breakdown of vowel harmony in West Rumelian Turkish, drawing on data from Macedonian and Kosovar Turkish to argue that the loss of grammatically productive harmony in West Rumelian Turkish is due to grammatical imposition from the surrounding Indo-European languages. Chapter 5 examines the emergence of phonemic palatalization of Veps (a Finnic language spoken in northern Russia) and contact-induced readjustments in the distribution of laterals and diphthongs in Albanian and Slavic dialects in northern Albania, Montenegro, and Macedonia. The case studies discussed in chapter 5 illustrate some possible structural outcomes of language contact under conditions of language maintenance in an intensely bilingual (or multilingual) environment.

Chapter 6 presents conclusions, with a particular focus on showing how the case studies discussed in chapters 3, 4, and 5 exemplify and support the theoretical proposal outlined in chapter 1 and on evaluating the theoretical account presented here with reference to the recent approaches to language contact discussed in chapter 1.

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17

Valenzuela, Pilar M. "¿Qué tan “amazónicas” son las lenguas kawapana? Contacto con las lenguas centro-andinas y elementos para un área lingüística intermedia." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101456.

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La familia lingüística kawapana del nororiente peruano está conformada por los idiomas shiwilu y shawi, también conocidos como jebero y chayahuita respectivamente. Por lo común, se suele categorizar a las lenguas kawapana como entidades lingüísticas “amazónicas”. No obstante, el presente estudio demuestra que estas comparten semejanzas gramaticales apreciables con las familias centro-andinas quechua y aimara, así como con otros idiomas de las tierras bajas relativamente cercanos. Dicha convergencia sería el resultado de cambios lingüísticos inducidos por el contactoo la difusión indirecta. Además de develar el complejo perfil gramatical delas lenguas kawapana, el presente estudio proporciona evidencia en favor de un área lingüística intermedia entre la Amazonía y los Andes, de la cual los idiomas kawapana formarían parte.
The kawapana linguistic family of northeastern Peru is formed by shiwilu and shawi languages, also known as Jebero and Chayahuita respectively. Ordinarily, it is usually categorize kawapana languages as “Amazonian” linguistic entities. However, this study shows that they share significant grammatical similarities to the central-andean quechua and aymara families, as well as other languages of the relatively nearby lowlands. This convergence would be the result of linguistic changes induced by contact or indirect dissemination. In addition to unveiling the complex grammatical profile of languages kawapana, this study provides evidence in favor of an intermediate language area between the Amazon and the Andes, of which kawapana languages form part.
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18

Strolovitch, Devon L. "The 'schizoid' nature of Modern Hebrew linguistics: a contact language in search of a genetic past." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1316528613.

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19

Eze, Bethrand Ejike. "Aspects of language contact: A variationist perspective on codeswitching and borrowing in Igbo-English bilingual discourse." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10228.

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This study is based on empirical data collected from bilingual speakers of Igbo (a Kwa language) and English, in an environment propitious to the use of both languages. The study examines two of the most widely discussed constraints on CS namely, Free Morpheme Constraint and Equivalence Constraint (Poplack 1980). The controversy surrounding these and other constraints on CS arise primarily from the problems of drawing a clear distinction between CS and borrowing. Distinguishing between these language contact phenomena has been particularly difficult with singly-occurring lexical items from one language incorporated into the discourse otherwise of the other. Our investigation begins by determining the status of lone English-origin items incorporated into otherwise Igbo discourse. In order to determine whether these are CS or borrowings, we use the principles of variation theory to make a detailed assessment of the behavior of these forms in the context of the entire bilingual system. Our method entails a systematic comparison of the lone items with: (a) unmixed stretches of Igbo; (b) unmixed stretches of English and (c) multiword fragments of English (unambiguous CS) juxtaposed to Igbo. Since CS items are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to their counterparts in the language which lexified them, while borrowings assume the behavior of their counterparts in the recipient language, our method effectively disambiguates the contentious lone English-origin items by comparing their patterns of behavior with respect to predetermined diagnostics, vis-a-vis their counterparts in the unmixed stretches of the two languages as well as unambiguous CS. If the lone English-origin items patterned like their counterparts in unmixed stretches of English and unambiguous CS, they would be classified as CS. If, on the other hand, they patterned like their counterparts in unmixed stretches of Igbo, there would be no doubt that they are borrowings into Igbo. As expected, our results produced conclusive evidence that these lone English-origin items are borrowings into Igbo. In all the examined criteria namely, vowel harmony and affixation, the lone English-origin verbs patterned like their counterparts in unmixed stretches of Igbo, but differed from unmixed English and unambiguous CS. The English-origin nouns on their part also behaved like their counterpart in unmixed stretches of English in such areas as determiner usage, the use of generic reference, the linear structure of NPs. The lone English-origin adjectives were incorporated into Igbo as adjectival nouns, the most productive adjectival category in Igbo. These lone English origin adjectives followed the copula di (BE) in the same proportion as their counterparts in unmixed Igbo. Once the borrowed items have been identified and separated from the bona fide CS, we found that, with very few exceptions, the switches between Igbo and English occurred at points where the structures of the two languages are linearly analogous. Thus, Igbo-English CS is constrained under equivalence. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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20

Andrews, Peter A. "Contact entre deux langues a travers les siecles: le francais et l'allemand." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524826043582167.

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21

Dȩ̮bicka-Dyer, Anna Michalina. "French and Spanish in contact." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2006. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11072006-174521.

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22

Burdin, Rachel Steindel Burdin. "Variation in Form and Function in Jewish English Intonation." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1470147757.

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23

Andrade, Ciudad Luis. "Language Contact and Language Boundaries in Prehispanic Cajamarca." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113478.

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A small lexicon of traditional weaving (telar de cintura), collected in Agallpampa (Otuzco, La Libertad) offers evidence against the idea of any linguistic identity being shared between the area of the now extinct Culle language, and the Cajamarca Valley. Yet, such a link is supported by the isolation of a grammatical element, traced to the Culle language in both areas: diminutive suffix –ash–, as in cholasho ‘young little man’ and chinasha ‘young little woman’. These contrasting data shed new light on a discussion begun by Torero (1989) about the existence of particular languages in the central Cajamarca area (languages Den and Cat); and continued by Adelaar with Muysken (2004), who suggest that cases of lexical community between the Culle geographical nucleus and indigenous words of Cajamarca Quechua, which cannot be traced back to Quechua idiomatic sources, suggest that a Culle substratum holds for the Cajamarca Valley. This paper argues that, in order to solve this apparent paradox, it is necessary to focus on this issue in terms of linguistic strata: i.e., different stages of idiomatic hegemony before Quechua and Spanish were established in the region. The oldest stratum would be associated with Den, and the more recent, albeit still prior to the Quechua and Spanish periods, would be Culle. Based upon archaeological research in the area and on the recent association of Cajamarca Quechua with the Huari expansion (Adelaar 2012), I suggest that the chronological distance between both strata must be deep, since Culle would have been established in the region long before the Northern Huari expansion took place. Nonetheless, the existence of Quechua-Den mixed toponyms precludes this hypothesis being applied to the whole Cajamarca territory, especially its southwest area (Contumazá).
Un breve repertorio léxico del telar de cintura, recogido en Agallpampa (Otuzco, La Libertad), aporta evidencia contraria a la idea de que existió identidad idiomática entre la zona de emplazamiento de la extinta lengua culle y el valle de Cajamarca, en el departamento del mismo nombre. En cambio, abona a favor de esta propuesta la identificación de un elemento gramatical atribuible al culle en ambas zonas: el sufijo diminutivo –ash–, como en cholasho ‘muchachito’ y chinasha ‘muchachita’. Este contraste constituye una ilustración del debate abierto por Torero (1989) sobre la existencia de idiomas indígenas particulares en las provincias centrales cajamarquinas (las lenguas den y cat) y continuado por Adelaar, con la col. de Muysken (2004), quien ha planteado que los ejemplos de comunidad léxica entre el núcleo de la zona culle y las palabras indígenas del quechua cajamarquino que no pueden ser atribuidas al fondo idiomático quechua sugieren la existencia de un sustrato culle en el valle de Cajamarca. Este artículo argumenta que para resolver esta aparente paradoja, es necesario pensar en términos de estratos lingüísticos, es decir, en diferentes etapas de hegemonía idiomática previas a la presencia del quechua y del castellano en dicho territorio. El estrato más antiguo correspondería al fondo idiomático den, mientras que el posterior, previo al advenimiento del quechua y el castellano, correspondería al culle. Partiendo de la investigación arqueológica realizada en la zona y de la reciente atribución del quechua cajamarquino a la avanzada huari (Adelaar 2012), se sostiene que la separación temporal entre ambos estratos debió de ser prolongada, ya que el culle tendría que haberse asentado en la zona mencionada antes de la expansión norteña de Huari. Sin embargo, la existencia de toponimia mixta quechua-den previene contra la posibilidad de generalizar esta hipótesis al territorio cajamarquino en su conjunto, especialmente al sector sureño occidental (Contumazá).
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Mpanzu, Mona. "Plurilinguisme, contact des langues et expression francophone en Angola." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1011/document.

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La complexité de la configuration linguistique des plusieurs pays africains mérite un regardneuf sur les phénomènes des langues en contact et de plurilinguisme dans la mesure oùelles instaurent de nouvelles dynamiques qu’il convient de prendre en compte, de décrire etd’étudier. En effet, notre recherche axée sur la sociolinguistique et la didactique des languestente de décrire et d’expliquer un dynamisme linguistique révélateur d’une dynamiqueidentitaire en Angola. Les processus communicatifs que cette étude envisage de mettre enévidence se caractérisent par un éventail de transgressions qu’on tentera d’aborder moinscomme des formes déviantes, des écarts à une norme donnée, que comme une (ré)-appropriation des langues en contact dans le champ communicationnel et commel’affirmation d’une identité plurielle imprimée par les représentations des langues et despositionnements épilinguistiques des locuteurs angolais. L’objectif ici est de déceler lesattitudes des locuteurs, leur sens de créativité linguistique et finalement décrire le françaispratiqué en Angola, qui suite aux phénomènes de migrations forcées par les guerres civileset des répressions coloniales, abrite un grand nombre de locuteurs francophones etplurilingues en son sein
The complexity of the language configuration of several African countries deserves a freshlook at the phenomena of language contact and multilingualism because they introduce newdynamics suitable to be taken into account, to describe and study. Indeed, our researchfocuses on sociolinguistics and language teaching and it attempts to describe and explain alinguistic dynamism revealing a new form of identity in Angola. Communicative process thatthis study intends to highlight is characterized by a range of transgressions that we shallattempt to broach not really as distorted forms or disparity of a given standard language. Weview them as a (re) -appropriation of languages in contact into the communicative field andas an affirmation of a plural identity revealed by the representations of languages andsubconscious positions of Angolan speakers. The objective here is to identify the attitudes ofthe speakers, their sense of linguistic creativity and finally describe the variety of Frenchlanguage practiced in Angola, country with a large number of French speakers andmultilingual therein due to the unprecedented migrations forced by civil wars and colonialrepressions
A complexidade da configuração linguística de vários países da África merece um novo olharsobre os fenômenos de contato de línguas e do plurilinguismo, na medida em queintroduzem novas dinâmicas a serem levadas em conta para descrever e estudar. De fato,nossa pesquisa que gira em torno da sociolinguística e didática de línguas, tenta descrever eexplicar um dinamismo linguístico que revela as dinâmicas identitárias em Angola. Oprocesso comunicativo que este estudo pretende destacar, apresentam uma gama detransgressões que tentamos de abordar não como formas distorcidas ou desvios àdeterminada norma, mas como (re) -apropriação das línguas em contato na esferacomunicativa e como afirmação de uma identidade plural impressa pelas representações delínguas e posições epilinguísticas dos locutores angolanos. Visamos aqui, identificar asatitudes dos falantes, seu senso de criatividade linguística e finalmente descrever o francêspraticado em Angola, que por força das migrações sem precedentes impostas pelas guerrascivis e repressões coloniais, abarca um grande número de falantes de francês e plurilinguesno seu seio
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25

Van, Hattum Marije. "Irish English modal verbs from the fourteenth to the twentieth centuries." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/irish-english-modal-verbs-from-the-fourteenth-to-the-twentieth-centuries(1d718180-f025-473e-8ed3-7b7ccc4ac0de).html.

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The thesis provides a corpus-based study of the development of Irish English modal verbs from the fourteenth to the twentieth centuries in comparison to mainland English. More precisely, it explores the morpho-syntax of CAN, MAY, MUST, SHALL and WILL and the semantics of BE ABLE TO, CAN, MAY and MUST in the two varieties. The data of my study focuses on the Kildare poems, i.e. fourteenth-century Irish English religious poetry, and a self-compiled corpus consisting of personal letters, largely emigrant letters, and trial proceedings from the late seventeenth to the twentieth centuries. The analysis of the fourteenth and nineteenth centuries is further compared to a similar corpus of English English. The findings are discussed in the light of processes associated with contact-induced language change, new-dialect formation and supraregionalization. Contact-induced language change in general, and new-dialect formation in particular, can account for the findings of the fourteenth century. The semantics of the Irish English modal verbs in this century were mainly conservative in comparison to English English. The Irish English morpho-syntax showed an amalgam of features from different dialects of Middle English in addition to some forms which seem to be unique to Irish English. The Irish English poems recorded a high number of variants per function in comparison to a selection of English English religious poems, which does not conform to predictions based on the model of new-dialect formation. I suggest that this might be due to the fact that the English language had not been standardized by the time it was introduced to Ireland, and thus the need to reduce the number of variants was not as great as it is suggested to be in the post-standardization scenarios on which the model is based. In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Ireland, increased Irish/English bilingualism caused the formation of a second-language (L2) variety of English. In the nineteenth century the bilingual speakers massively abandoned the Irish language and integrated into the English-speaking community. As a result, the varieties of English as spoken by the bilingual speakers and as spoken by the monolingual English speakers blended and formed a new variety altogether. The use of modal verbs in this new variety of Irish English shows signs of colonial lag (e.g. in the development of a deontic possibility meaning for CAN). Additionally, the subtle differences between BE ABLE TO and CAN in participant-internal possibility contexts and between epistemic MAY and MIGHT in present time contexts were not fully acquired by the L2 speakers, which resulted in a higher variability between the variants in the new variety of Irish English. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the use of modal verbs converged on the patterns found in English English, either as a result of linguistic accommodation in the case of informants who had migrated to countries such as Australia and the United States, or as a result of supraregionalization in the case of those who remained in Ireland.
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De, Smit Merlijn. "Language contact and structural change : An Old Finnish case study." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för baltiska språk, finska och tyska, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1402.

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The object of this study is to shed new light on both the influence exerted on Finnish by the Swedish language, and on the mechanisms by which language contact in structural domains takes place. It is argued that syntactic borrowing should be regarded as a subtype of reanalysis and extension rather than as an independent mechanism. Also, the need to regard linguistic structural change as teleologically motivated rather than deterministically caused is stressed. Possibilities to apply a framework based on A.N. Whitehead’s process philosophy to language change are explored. The corpus consists of six legal translations from the 1580s to 1759. The areas studied, all relating to Finnish object and subject marking, are those of the Finnish passive, which under foreign influence has shown tendencies to change from a typically non-promotional passive to a promotional passive; Finnish necessitive constructions, which form an active-stative subsystem within Finnish with marked active subjects and unmarked objects/non-active subjects but have shown tendencies to develop a nominative-accusative system in dialects influenced by Swedish; and the Finnish relative word "kuin", which has been taken to be a Swedish calque modelled on "som". The result is a complex interplay of reanalyses and extensions with foreign model patterns involved to a varying degree. Development of a promotional passive seems to involve both internal semantic factors and Swedish models. Necessitive subjects appear to be marked or unmarked on the basis of a merger between constructions involving active subjects and passive objects, possibly modelled on Swedish. And the relative word "kuin" has been integrated into Old Finnish in a way at odds with the usage of the model pattern. This vindicates abandoning the dichotomy between “internal” and “external” changes, and regarding language contact as a background factor rather than as an independent cause.
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Mooney, Damien. "Linguistic transfer and dialect levelling : a sociophonetic analysis of contact in the regional French of Béarn." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:94335403-43f6-419a-b13a-9de0557a86b2.

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This thesis investigates the genesis and evolution of the regional variety of French spoken in Béarn, southwestern France, by considering phonetic and phonological changes taking place in two different contact situations: language contact between French and Béarnais, and dialect contact with other contemporary varieties of French. Through an examination of linguistic transfer, in a situation of bilingualism, and of levelling and diffusion during dialect contact, the thesis challenges two long-standing assumptions about regional French: that it results from ‘substrate residue’ and that this ‘residue’ is ephemeral and will therefore be lost over time. The methodology is sociophonetic, combining traditional Labovian data collection techniques with detailed acoustic phonetic analysis. The acoustic analyses focus on the mid-vowel and nasal unit systems of Béarnais and French, first examining L1-to-L2 transfer and subsequently investigating apparent-time changes taking place in regional French as a result of dialect contact. The findings show that, while this variety of regional French contains clear cases of ‘substrate residue’ from Béarnais, its formation during language contact is better accounted for by a combination of linguistic transfer, divergence and innovation, with structural correspondences between the surface phonologies of the languages influencing the outcomes of contact in each case, as predicted by Flege’s Speech Learning Model. The assumption that regional French features are transitory is refuted: the results of the apparent-time study show that young speakers in Béarn are not simply involved in the wholesale adoption of the northern French norm over time. Contemporary regional French in Béarn is shown to constitute a distinctive combination of local, supralocal and innovative features resulting primarily from the various mechanisms which constitute Kerswill’s model of Regional Dialect Levelling.
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Meyer, Robin. "Iranian-Armenian language contact in and before the 5th century CE." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:38e2dcfa-4051-4e5f-a761-844526cc6449.

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This study provides new insights into the historical language contact between Classical Armenian and West Middle Iranian, specifically Parthian. Next to an up-to-date account of known lexical, morphological, and phraseological Iranian loans in Armenian, the discussion focuses on one major and three minor syntactic patterns which, it is argued, are the result of pattern replication. The major pattern, the Classical Armenian periphrastic perfect, has previously been the focus of numerous papers owing to its unusual construction: while intransitive verbs construe with nominative subjects and an optional form of the copula in subject agreement, transitive verbs exhibit genitive agents, accusative objects and an optional copula in a invariable 3.sg form. Based on a discussion of morphosyntactic alignment patterns in general, and of Armenian and West Middle Iranian in particular, it is shown that previous accounts cannot satisfactorily explain the syntax of the perfect. In a new approach, it is argued that Armenian exhibits tripartite morphosyntactic alignment as the result of 'copying' and adapting the ergative alignment pattern of the West Middle Iranian past tense. This analysis is supported both by the historical morphology of the perfect participle and by a corpus analysis of five major works of Armenian 5th-century historiography. The minor patterns - ezāfe-like nominal relative clauses, subject resumption and switch-reference marking using the anaphoric pronoun Arm. ink'n, and the quotative use of Arm. (e)t'ē - are equally linked to parallel constructions in West Middle Iranian, which may have served as syntactic models for their Armenian counterparts. The final part of the study discusses the Armenian-Iranian relationship from a language contact point of view and, making use of historical, epigraphic, and literary sources, proposes that a superstrate shift of the Parthian-speaking ruling class of Armenia to Armenian as their primary language best explains the amount of Parthian linguistic material and patterns in Armenian.
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Thambyrajah, Jonathan Arulnathan. "Loanwords in Biblical Literature: Rhetorical Studies in Esther, Daniel, Ezra, and Exodus." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20026.

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Loanwords in Biblical Literature have been studied extensively from etymological and lexicographic perspectives—the purpose of loanword study has been to identify them, elucidate their origins, elaborate on international contact and to utilise them for the dating of texts. However, we do not access the loanwords of the Hebrew Bible without context; because the Hebrew Bible consists of literary texts, it is necessary to consider loanwords not only as data but as rhetorical elements of the literary texts of which they are a part. Because of the potential of a loanword to carry associations with its culture of origin, such words are ideal rhetorical tools for shaping a text’s audience’s view of the nations around them and their own nation. This thesis focuses especially on this phenomenon in the court tales in Esther and Daniel, the correspondence in the Hebrew and Aramaic sections of Ezra 1–7, and the accounts of building the tabernacle in Exodus.
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Lopez, Alonzo Karen I. "Rhotic production in the Spanish of Bluefields, Nicaragua, a language contact situation." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469104793.

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31

Seo, Misun. "A segment contact account of the patterning of sonorants in consonant clusters." Columbus, Ohio Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1070433081.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 227 p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Elizabeth V. Hume, Dept. of Linguistics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 220-227).
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Starzmann, Paul. "Inheritance and contact in Central Kenya Bantu." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17686.

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Die Studie bietet Einblicke in die Geschichte des kenianischen Hochlands aus linguistischer bzw. dialektologischer Perspektive. Als Grundlage dient eine Fülle an empirischen Sprachdaten für alle Varietäten, die unter dem Label Central Kenya Bantu (E50) zusammengefasst werden, darunter Gikuyu, Kamba und Meru. Die Dissertation gliedert sich in drei Teile: Mithilfe von Dialektometrie und multidimensionaler Skalierung werden die Sprachdaten in einem ersten Schritt einer umfassenden quantitativen Analyse unterzogen (dialektologische Vermessung). Dadurch lässt sich die phonologische und lexikalische Ähnlichkeit zwischen den Sprachen und Dialekten ermitteln. Dies ergibt eine Klassifikation des Zentralkenia-Bantu, die eine synchrone Dreitteilung in „Western“, „Eastern“ und „Kamba“ zeigt. Die qualitative Analyse untersucht in einem zweiten Schritt, inwiefern Vererbung und Sprachkontakt zum synchronen Profil der zentralkenianischen Bantusprachen beigetragen haben. Ein letzter Schritt gleicht die linguistischen Ergebnisse mit historischen Erkenntnissen aus den oralen Traditionen der Region ab. So können einige der sozio-historischen Prozesse spezifiziert werden, die in den vergangenen 500 Jahren prägend für die Region rund um den Mount Kenya waren.
This study provides insights into the history of the Kenyan Highlands from a linguistic (dialectological) perspective. It relies on a vast amount of empirical language data that covers all varieties subsumed under the label Central Kenya Bantu (E50), among them Gikuyu, Kamba, and Meru. The thesis is divided into three parts: The first part offers a thorough quantitative analysis (dialectological survey) by means of dialectometry and multidimensional scaling. Here, it is assessed to which degree the different varieties share their phonological and lexical inventory. This allows us to establish a synchronic classification of Central Kenya Bantu showing a split into the groups Eastern, Western, and Kamba. Second, the qualitative dialectological analysis investigates the ways in which inheritance and language contact contributed to the synchronic profile of Central Kenya Bantu. Finally, the linguistic findings are correlated with historical accounts gathered through a study of local oral traditions. This enables us to specify some of the socio-historical processes that shaped the various communities in the vicinity of Mount Kenya over the past 500 years.
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Murphy, Jill Marie. "Translingual literature: The bone people and Borderlands." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2755.

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This thesis proposes that by producing and existing within a translingual text, the ethnofeminist has found a way to subvert others' construction of her and redefine her identity. In particular, the ethnofeminist uses code switching to select and reinvent meaning from the language system of the dominant culture while maintaining the language system of the "marginal" group. In combining two (or more) language systems within a literature she has created her own language.
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Schaengold, Charlotte C. "Bilingual Navajo mixed codes, bilingualism, and language maintenance /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1092425886.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 189 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-174).
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35

Barrera-Tobon, Carolina. "Contact-induced changes in word order and intonation in the Spanish of New York City bilinguals." Thesis, City University of New York, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3601855.

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This dissertation is a variationist sociolinguistic analysis of the variable word order and prosody of copular constructions (Nicolás es feliz versus Feliz es Nicolás, Es Nicolás feliz, Es feliz Nicolás, ‘Nicolas is happy’) in the Spanish of first- and second-generation Spanish-English bilinguals in New York City (henceforth NYC). The data used for the study come from a spoken corpus of Spanish in NYC based on 140 sociolinguistic interviews (details of the corpus will be presented in Chapter Three). This dissertation addresses the question of whether second-generation bilinguals have a less flexible word order in Spanish as a result of their increased use of, and contact with, English, where a more fixed order prevails.

We will show that the informants in the present study, like their peers in Los Angeles and other parts of the US, exhibit a more rigid word order compared to their first-generation peers. We have established that this increase in rigidity of word order among the second-generation can be attributed in large part to their increased use of and contact with English. The studies mentioned above have interpreted their results to mean that these speakers are losing or have lost the discourse pragmatic constraints that govern word order. However, the data here show that the first- and second-generation speakers in the present study share many of the same conditioning variables and constraints for word order, although these variables appear to account for a smaller amount of variance among the second-generation. In this way, we have established that the second-generation is not losing the discourse pragmatic constraints that govern word order, but that they are differently sensitive to these constraints. In fact, we show that second-generation speakers are very capable of communicating the pragmatic functions that the first-generation speakers do using word order because they maintain the prosodic details of their first-generation counterparts. In other words, the second-generation communicates these functions in ways that are slightly different from the first-generation, relying more on prosodic resources than syntactic ones. Furthermore, the data indicate that their prosodic patterns are not modeled after the prosody of English. In general terms we show that the second-generation does not have a different grammar from their first-generation counterparts, as is claimed by other researchers. Instead we show that these speakers favor certain first-generation strategies over others.

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Horesh, Uri. "Phonological outcomes of language contact in the Palestinian Arabic dialect of Jaffa." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/17687/.

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This is a thesis in variationist sociolinguistics. It attempts to make a contribution to the study of a dialect of Arabic—Palestinian Arabic—spoken in a region where the population is gradually becoming engulfed in a language, which was once quite similar to Arabic, namely Hebrew, but has undergone drastic changes, particularly in its phonological structure, as a result of contact with European languages. Now, Modern Hebrew is acting as a colonizing language vis-à-vis Palestinian Arabic, and in this study we are exploring the effects the contact between the two languages on the phonology of Arabic in the town of Jaffa, where Arabic-speaking Palestinians and Hebrew-speaking Israeli Jews reside, perhaps not in harmony, but nonetheless in the same urban space. Employing quantitative methods for one linguistic variable and a sociohistorical analysis for another, we make the case that the two variables observed in this study are but a fragment of the entire complex. Examples from the data collected are provided and briefly analyzed, some of which are from other domains of the language, and these will be further explored at a later date.
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Colleran, Rebecca Anne Bills. "Keeping it in the family : disentangling contact and inheritance in closely related languages." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25919.

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The striking similarities between Old English (OE) and its neighbour Old Frisian (OFris)—including aspects of phonology, morphology, and alliterative phrases—have long been cause for comment, and often for controversy. The question of whether the resemblance was caused by an immediate common ancestor (Anglo-Frisian) or by neighboring positions in a dialect continuum/Sprachkreis has been hotly disputed using phonological and toponymic evidence, but not in recent years. Consensus in the nineties fell in favour of the dialect continuum, and there the issue has largely rested. However, recent finds in archaeology, history, and genetics argue that the case requires a second look. Developments in grammaticalization theory and contact linguistics give us new tools with which to investigate. Are the similarities between OE and OFris due to an exclusive shared ancestor, or are those languages merely part of a dialect continuum, with no closer relationship than that shared with the other early West Germanic dialects? And are there any reliable criteria to separate out inheritance-based similarities from those that are spread by contact? Shared developments seem, primo facie, to be evidence of shared inheritance, but there are other possible explanations. Parallel drift after separation, convergent development, or coincidence might be the cause of any shared feature. In this paper, I discuss recently proposed methods of distinguishing inheritance from drift and contact, focusing on how morphosyntax can help explore the shared history of OE and OFris. While grammaticalization processes often lead to cross-linguistic similarities, the fact that OE and OFris display a cluster of grammaticalizations not found in other early West Germanic dialects may be significant. The exclusive developments under investigation include aga(n) ‘have’ > ‘have to’ and the present participle as verbal complement. By comparing the forms, meanings, and distribution of these grammaticalized forms in the OFris corpus to that of their cognate forms in OE, I show that the two languages probably diverged from one another substantially later than they diverged from Old Saxon and Old Low Franconian.
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Blaxter, Tam Tristram. "Speech in space and time : contact, change and diffusion in medieval Norway." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269365.

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This project uses corpus linguistics and geostatistics to test the sociolinguistic typological theory put forward by Peter Trudgill on the history of Norwegian. The theory includes several effects of societal factors on language change. Most discussed is the proposal that ‘intensive’ language contact causes simplification of language grammar. In the Norwegian case, the claim is that simplificatory changes which affected all of the Continental North Germanic languages (Danish, Swedish, Norwegian) but not the Insular North Germanic Languages were the result of contact with Middle Low German through the Hanseatic League. This suggests that those simplificatory changes arose in the centres of contact with the Hanseatic League: cities with Hansa trading posts and kontors. The size of the dataset required would have made it impossible for previous scholars to test this prediction, but digital approaches render the problem tractable. I have designed a 3.5m word corpus containing nearly all extant Middle Norwegian, and developed statistical methods for examining the spread of language phenomena in time and space. The project is made up of a series of case studies of changes. Three examine simplifying phonological changes: the rise of svarabhakti (epenthetic) vowels, the change of /hv/ > /kv/ and the loss of the voiceless dental fricative. A further three look at simplifying morphological changes: the loss of 1.sg. verbal agreement, the loss of lexical genitives and the loss of 1.pl. verbal agreement. In each case study a large dataset from many documents is collected and used to map the progression of the change in space and time. The social background of document signatories is also used to map the progression of the change through different social groups. A variety of different patterns emerge for the different changes examined. Some changes spread by contagious diffusion, but many spread by hierarchical diffusion, jumping first between cities before spreading to the country at large. One common theme which runs through much of the findings is that dialect contact within the North Germanic language area seems to have played a major role: many of the different simplificatory changes may first have spread into Norwegian from Swedish or Danish. Although these findings do not exactly match the simple predictions originally proposed from the sociolinguistic typological theory, they are potentially consistent with a more nuanced account in which the major centres of contact and so simplifying change were in Sweden and Denmark rather than Norway.
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Nel, Joanine Hester. "Grammatical and socio-pragmatic aspects of conversational code switching by Afrikaans-English bilingual children." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20030.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study reported in this thesis investigates the grammatical and socio-pragmatic characteristics of the conversational code switching (CS) of three Afrikaans-English bilingual children. The study was conducted by analysing spontaneous conversational CS, elicited during multiple play sessions. Three eight year old Afrikaans-English bilingual boys from Paarl in the Western Cape, with varying language backgrounds, participated in the study. Unstructured play sessions were audio and video recorded and transcribed. All three participants took part in one triadic conversational play session and in two dyadic play sessions. The thesis differentiates between the phenomenon of CS and related sociolinguistic phenomena such as borrowing and interference in order to facilitate a clearer classification of the different types of CS. The identification of the matrix language under the asymmetry principle is done by means of a quantitative analysis, while the grammatical characteristics of the children’s CS are qualitatively evaluated under Myers-Scotton’s Matrix Language Frame and 4-M models. The socio-pragmatic characteristics of the children’s use of intersentential CS are qualitatively evaluated by means of Conversation Analysis, in which the emphasis falls on turn taking and adjacency pair sequences as well as the negotiation of power relations. The study also aims to contribute towards a better understanding of children’s CS, not only in terms of insights into how CS manifests on the surface level of language production, but also in terms of why CS occurs on a deeper language processing and competence level. The general reasons for which the different types of CS occur, and the examination of which grammatical and/or socio-pragmatic difficulties may drive children to use specific types of CS are investigated, while also considering whether the context and the hidden meaning of an utterance have an influence on how and why CS takes place, and where each type of CS occurs. The study reveals that, in terms of characterising the types of CS that occur in the data, all four conversations provided proof of extrasentential, intrasentential and intersentential CS. A preference was observed for intrasentential single code switched forms and for intersentential CS, which occurs due to the negotiation of context, topic and theme. Such negotiation primarily occurs due to combinations and sequences of talk, self-talk, interaction, conversation, narration and role play. Although all types of CS occurred within the data in both Afrikaans and English forms, Afrikaans was identified as the matrix language of the corpus and the majority of the conversations. The asymmetrical occurrence of different morpheme types provides evidence for the two-system hypothesis, namely that Afrikaans and English occur as two different systems within the children’s brains and that language processing occurs by means of the allocation of different morphemes from both languages at the lexical and formulator level to produce language.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie wat in hierdie tesis gerapporteer word analiseer die grammatikale en sosiopragmatiese eienskappe van gespreks-kodewisseling by drie Afrikaans-Engelse tweetalige kinders. Die studie is uitgevoer deur spontane gespreks-kodewisseling, wat tydens veelvuldige speelsessies voortgebring is, te evalueer. Drie agt-jarige Afrikaans-Engelse seuns wat van die Paarl, in die Wes-Kaap, afkomstig is en verskillende taalagtergronde het, het aan die studie deelgeneem. Klank- en video-opnames is van die ongestruktureerde speelsessies gemaak en getranskribeer. Al drie seuns het aan een drietallige speelsessie asook twee tweetallige speelsessies deelgeneem. Die tesis onderskei tussen die fenomeen van kodewisseling en ander verwante sosiolingu stiese fenomene soos leenwoorde en taalkundige inmenging om klaarheid gedurende die klassifisering van die verskillende tipes kodewisseling te verskaf. Die identifisering van die matrikstaal van die korpus is deur middel van ’n kwantitatiewe analise volgens die asimmetriese beginsel geïdentifiseer. Die grammatikale eienskappe van die kinders se kodewisseling word kwalitatief deur middel van Myers-Scotton se Matrikstaal Raam en 4-M modelle ge valueer. Die sosio-pragmatiese eienskappe van die kinders se gebruik van intersententiële kodewisseling word kwalitatief ge valueer deur middel van gespreksanalise, waar die afwisseling van gespreksbeurte, die opeenvolging van aangrensende pare asook die onderhandeling van magsverhoudings tussen deelnemers beklemtoon word. Die studie beoog enersyds om by te dra tot 'n beter begrip van kinders se oppervlakkige taalproduksie in terme van kodewisseling en andersyds om beter insig te verkry in hoe kodewisseling op ’n dieper taalprosesserings- en taalkompetensie vlak plaasvind. Die algemene rede(s) vir die voorkoms van verskillende tipes kodewisseling, asook die ondersoek na watter grammatikale of sosio-pragmatiese moeilikhede verantwoordelik mag wees vir die tipes kodewisseling wat voorkom by kinders, word beklemtoon. Daar word ook in ag geneem of die konteks en weggesteekte betekenis van ’n uiting ’n invloed het op hoe en waarom asook waar kodewisseling sal plaasvind. Die studie toon dat, in terme van die karakterisering van verskillende tipes kodewisseling wat in die data voorkom, alle gesprekssessies bewyse van ekstrasentensiële, intrasentensiële en intersentensiële kodewisseling bevat. ’n Voorkeur vir intrasentensiële enkelwoordkodewisselingsvorms is opgemerk, asook ’n voorkeur vir intersentensiële kodewisseling wat plaasvind as gevolg van die onderhandeling tussen konteks, tema en onderwerp. Sulke onderhandeling is primêr gegrond op kombinasies en opeenvolging wat voorkom deur middel van praat, self-gerigte praat, interaksie, gespreksvoering, vertelling en rolspel. Alhoewel alle tipes kodewisseling in die data voorkom in beide Afrikaanse en Engelse vorms, is Afrikaans as die matrikstaal vir die korpus asook die meerderheid van die gesprekssessies ge dentifiseer. Die oneweredige voorkoms van verskillende morfeemtipes dien as ondersteuning vir die twee-sisteem hipotese wat aanvoer dat Afrikaans en Engels as twee aparte sisteme in ’n kind se brein voorkom en dat taalprosessering geskied deur middel van die toekenning van verskillende morfeme van beide tale op die leksikale en formuleringsvlakke van taalproduksie.
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40

Cerrón-Palomino, Rodolfo. "Language Contact and Linguistic Shift in Central-Southern Andes: Puquina, Aimara and Quechua." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113457.

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In this paper an attempt will be made to offer a partial history of the three major languages of ancient Peru: Puquina, Aimara and Quechua, postulating their initial settlement from which they started spreading, until their encounter in the Central-Southern Andes during the Late Intermediate Period. It is proposed that the Incas passed through two stages of language substitution: the first from Puquina to Aimara and then from Aimara to Quechua. Linguistic, historical and archaeological evidence will be advanced to support the hypothesis.
En la presente contribución intentaremos bosquejar una parte de la historia de las tres lenguas mayores del antiguo Perú: el puquina, el aimara y el quechua, proponiendo los emplazamientos iniciales a partir de los cuales se expandieron hasta confluir en los Andes centro-sureños durante el Periodo Intermedio Tardío. Proponemos que los incas, a lo largo de su dominación, pasaron por dos etapas de mudanza idiomática: primeramente del puquina al aimara y, luego, del aimara al quechua. En apoyo de las hipótesis planteadas echamos mano de las evidencias de carácter lingüístico, histórico y arqueológico disponibles.
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41

Ramos-Pellicia, Michelle Frances. "Language contact and dialect contact: cross-generational phonological variation in a Puerto Rican community in the midwest of the United States." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1101755688.

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42

Italiano-McGreevy, Maria. "THE LINGUISTIC EXPERIENCE OF ITALIANS IN BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA, 1890-1914: LANGUAGE SHIFT AS SEEN THROUGH SOCIAL SPACES." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/214764.

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Spanish
Ph.D.
From 1890-1914, Argentina received a large influx of Italian immigrants who wanted to "hacer la América", or live the American dream of economic prosperity. With Italian immigrants representing nearly half of all immigrants entering Argentina, the government strived to create a new sense of Argentine pride and nationalism. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate and analyze the linguistic experience of Italian immigrants in Buenos Aires, Argentina, applying Pierre Bourdieu's theory of social space and linguistic markets, and contact language theories to explain the attrition and shift of the Italian language. This study identifies three relevant social spaces that contributed to the linguistic experience of Italian immigrants in Buenos Aires: 1). conventillos or immigrant housing 2.) school community, and 3.) mutual aid societies. Within each social space thrived a linguistic market which language played a key role in the way people interacted and identified with each other. First, the conventillos were part of an alternative linguistic market in which cocoliche, a transitional language, thrived as a way for Italians to communicate with immigrants from different countries. Second, the school community formed part of the legitimate linguistic market because education was mandated by the government. Third, the mutual aid societies formed part of the alternative linguistic market that not only helped immigrants adjust to their new home, but it also fostered a sense of common identity by renewing their traditional ties to their home country in addition to teaching standardized Italian to Italian immigrants who often spoke their own regional dialects. A comparison of the three social spaces and the role that the linguistic markets play in each of them shows that all three spaces, whether legitimate or alternative linguistic markets, were integral in the linguistic experience of the Italian immigrants and important factors in the attrition and shift of Italian to Spanish.
Temple University--Theses
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43

Ojanen, Muusa. "Adjektiivikategoria venäläis-lyydiläisissä kontakteissa lingvistinen interferenssitutkimus /." Joensuu : University of Joensuu, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/14097946.html.

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44

Åberg, Johanna. "Contact-induced change and variation in Middle English morphology : A case study on get." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-191164.

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The present study explores the role of interlingual identification in contact between speakers of Old Norse and Old English. The study focuses on the word get as it occurred throughout a selection of texts in the Middle English period. The Old English and Old Norse words for get were cognate, which meant that some phonological and morphological characteristics of the word were similar when the contact between the two speaker communities occurred. A Construction Morphology framework is applied where inflecting features of words are treated as constructions. Interlingually identifiable constructions in Old English and Old Norse are identified by comparing forms, such as vowel alternations or affixes, with the function (i.e., meaning) which they denote. The Middle English dialectal forms were furthermore compared synchronically, and a sociohistorical perspective was considered to establish whether the areas where the Vikings settled and that came under Scandinavian rule in the Danelaw displayed more advanced leveling and/or conformation with the Old Norse system of conjugation. Additionally, the present study sought to explore cognitive processes involved in letting specific forms remain in a contact situation. It was concluded that there were two interlingually identifiable constructions: the past tense vowel alternation from  in the present tense, to  in the 1st preterite, and the past participle -en suffix. These constructions had survived in all the Middle English dialects, and they are furthermore what is left in the contemporary modern paradigm of get. Moreover, it is plausible that these constructions survived the morphological leveling because interlingual identification allowed the same form to trigger the same intended cognitive representation in both speaker groups in the contact situation. The results concludingly suggest that morphological constructions that were not interlingually identifiable were discarded in the morphological leveling that resulted from contact between speakers of Old English and Old Norse.
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Chen, Litong. "Shaoguan Tuhua, a Local Vernacular of Northern Guangdong Province, China: A New Look from a Quantitative and Contact Linguistic Perspective." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1342628552.

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46

Ng, Angela Tzi San. "Management strategies in contact situations : a study of talk among speakers of Italian from different cultures." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1994. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/23.

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47

Tagliapietra, Livia. "Greek in Early Hellenistic Magna Graecia : dialect contact and change in South Italy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277217.

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This doctoral thesis investigates dialect contact, identity and change in the ancient Greek colonies of Magna Graecia in the fourth and third centuries BC, as evidenced in the surviving epigraphic sources. South Italy is an area of the ancient Greek-speaking world in which a comprehensive investigation of the linguistic evidence has not previously been attempted. By considering linguistic questions within their broader socio-historical environment, I propose a radical redrawing of the dialect map of this area. I first present the historical context, the linguistic evidence and the methodological framework of my research in the introduction. In the first chapter I reject previous hypotheses about dialect contact in South Italy around 300 BC on the basis of both historical and linguistic arguments. I then propose a new and empirically better supported explanation for the development of the ‘severior’ long-vowel system in the dialect of the southern city of Locri, which previous studies have generally attributed to influence from the dialect of the important northern city of Taras and taken as evidence for Taras’ linguistic influence over the rest of Magna Graecia, and possibly also for the existence of a local Doric koina (i.e. a common dialect). In the second chapter I offer a new analysis of the inscriptional record from Locri and show that, in the absence of compelling evidence for influence from the dialect of Taras, a high level of prestige remained attributed to the traditional local dialect until at least the mid-third century. At the same time, the southern colonies in general, including Locri, can be shown to have been exposed to the koine before the northern ones, such as Taras, as a result of frequent contact with the Greeks of near Sicily in the fourth and early third centuries. In the third chapter I complete my investigation by assessing the use of dialectal features in literary texts produced in South Italy around the same period (both metrical inscriptions and literary works transmitted in manuscripts). The evidence of these texts, combined with that of documentary inscriptions, provides a deeper insight into matters of dialect identity and prestige in this area. After summarising the results of my research, I conclude my investigation with a brief discussion of the socio-historical reasons why a Doric koina did not develop in South Italy as in other areas.
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48

Guri, Bordal. "Prosodie et contact de langues: le cas du système tonal du français centrafricain." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789349.

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L'objectif de cette étude est d'apporter une contribution aux recherches portant sur les effets prosodiques du contact de langues à travers l'étude du système prosodique du français centrafricain, une variété de français ayant émergé suite au contact avec une langue africaine à densité tonale maximale, le sango. La République centrafricaine est un pays extrêmement multilingue. Entre 60 et 100 langues y sont parlées, outre les deux langues officielles que constituent le sango - lingua franca, et le français - langue principale de l'enseignement et de l'administration publique. Dans la capitale, Bangui, le sango est la langue parlée d'ordinaire dans la vie quotidienne, tandis que le français s'utilise essentiellement dans des contextes professionnels. Cette étude se base sur des enregistrements de parole spontanée de 12 locuteurs francophones de Bangui. Des analyses acoustiques montrent que l'intonation du français centrafricain partage des caractéristiques communes avec le sango. La majorité de mots ont des patrons tonals qui restent inchangés quel que soit leur place dans l'énoncé, et chaque syllabe porte un ton. Le système se distingue ainsi considérablement du système intonatif du français européen où la courbe mélodique est contrainte au niveau post-lexical et dépend entre autres de facteurs rythmiques, syntaxiques et pragmatiques. La conclusion principale de cette étude est que le français centrafricain se classifie d'un point de vue typologique comme une langue à tons lexicaux. Il ressort que le système prosodique du français centrafricain est plus proche de celui du sango et que de celui du français européen. Les faits mis au jour dans cette thèse montrent que la prosodie peut changer de façon fondamentale dans une situation de contact de langue.
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Matuchaki, Silvana Soares da Silva. "Eventos de letramento e em contextos de línguas em contato: reflexões sobre o desenvolvimento da escrita." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2398.

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This research has as its theme the event analysis of literacy in language contexts in contact, in a rural school in the community of Santa Rosa Ocoí, in São Miguel do Iguaçu. The community, colonized by German descendants, arouses the interest of the research by the presence of bilingualism (German/Portuguese) and, by be located in a region of border, it have contact with the Guarani and Spanish languages, characterizing itself as a sociolinguistically complex environment. The contexts of languages in contact attract attention because of complexity that the Portuguese language teaching takes on the learning of writing, doing itself necessary understanding how to the school considers the linguistic variation, without ignoring the issues which are interrelated with the cultural aspects of community. In this sense, we focus the research objective to investigate literacy events in language contexts in contact and linguistic variation, through reflective analysis of the interference of speech in the writing production of children enrolled in the 7th year of elementary school. For this, we support the study based on theoretical assumptions of Sociolinguistics Education according to authors as Bortoni-Ricardo (2004, 2005, 2011), Damke (1988, 1998, 2006 and 2013); Pereira (1999) and Von Borstel (2011); Calvet (2002, 2007); Bagno (1999, 2009, 2013), Kleiman (2010, 2012), among others. Qualitative research, ethnographic, presents the analysis of the interference of speech in children's writing, in view of the literacy events developed in the classroom. The data collect was done, first, through an interview with community residents and socialinguistic questionnaire, applied to the students, with purpose of verifying the existence of languages in contact in the community, and then, observe classes and based on literacy events, analyze the writing production of children, considering the interference of the languages in contact. As a result of this investigation, we realized that interferences in writing depend on the speaker's degree of bilingualism and they mingle with the linguistic variation of the Portuguese language and most of them are regular, which allow creating pedagogical intervention activities that they take in consideration specific contexts of writing
A presente pesquisa tem como tema a análise de eventos de letramento em contextos de línguas em contato, em uma escola do campo situada na comunidade de Santa Rosa do Ocoí, no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu. A comunidade, colonizada por descendentes de alemães, desperta o interesse da pesquisa pela presença do bilinguismo (alemão/português) e, por localizar-se em uma região de fronteira, ter contato com o guarani e o espanhol, caracterizando-se como um ambiente sociolinguísticamente complexo. Os contextos de línguas em contato chamam a atenção devido à complexidade que o ensino de língua portuguesa assume diante da aprendizagem da escrita, fazendo-se necessária a compreensão de como a escola lida com a variação linguística, sem desconsiderar as questões que se inter-relacionam com os aspectos culturais da comunidade. Nesse sentido, centramos o objetivo da pesquisa em investigar eventos de letramento em contextos de línguas em contato e de variação linguística, por meio da análise reflexiva das interferências da fala na produção escrita de crianças matriculadas no 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Para isso, sustentamos o estudo a partir dos pressupostos teóricos da Sociolinguística Educacional segundo autores como Bortoni-Ricardo (2004, 2005, 2011), Damke (1988, 1998, 2006 e 2013); Pereira (1999), von Borstel (2011); Calvet (2002, 2007); Bagno (1999, 2009, 2013), Kleiman (2010, 2012), entre outros. A pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico, apresenta a análise das interferências da fala na escrita das crianças, tendo em vista os eventos de letramento desenvolvidos em sala de aula. A geração dos dados se deu, primeiramente, por meio de uma entrevista com os moradores do local e um questionário sociolinguístico, aplicado aos alunos, a fim de verificar a existência de línguas em contato na comunidade, para depois, observar as aulas e a partir dos eventos de letramento, analisar a produção escrita das crianças, tendo em vista as interferências das línguas em contato. Como resultado dessa investigação, percebemos que as interferências na escrita dependem do grau de bilinguismo do falante e se mesclam com a variação linguística da língua portuguesa, sendo que a maioria delas é regular, o que permite criar atividades de intervenção pedagógica que levem em consideração contextos específicos de escrita
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50

Christensen, Laurene L. "Writing in the Contact Zone: Three Portraits of Reflexivity and Transformation." PDXScholar, 2002. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1886.

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Culture is at the core of language teaching. Because classrooms are contact zones (Pratt 1991), teachers must have a well-developed sense of their own intercultural competence so that they may better facilitate the cross-cultural discovery inherent in language teaching. Teacher preparation programs need to provide opportunities for new teachers to increase their intercultural awareness. The purpose of this research was to qualitatively understand the experiences of pre-service teachers in a required culture-learning class at a large urban university. Specifically, the focus of this study was the completion of a mini-ethnography project designed to give the students a cross-cultural exchange. Since such contact zones can be the site of reflexivity and transformation, this study sought to understand the contexts in which reflexivity and transformation might occur, as well as how these changes might influence a person's intercultural competence. This research used student writing as a primary source for illustrating change. Writing samples from all course assignments were collected from the class. Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) Profiles were collected from three individuals who also agreed to extensive interviews. This data was used to create case study portraits of the class as well as the three individuals, illustrating a variety of experiences with the ethnography project. Change in intercultural competence was measured according to the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (Bennett 1993) and the IDI. Each person had a markedly different experience with the project, and each person experienced some kind of intercultural change. Overall, the results suggest that ethnography is a useful classroom tool. When used at an appropriate stage of a student's intercultural development, reflexivity and perspective transformation can occur, thus leading to intercultural competence.
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