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Strubel, Nicolas. "Brake squeal : identification and influence of frictional contact localizations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILN059.
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En tant que radiations acoustiques intenses impliquant de conséquentes nuisances environnementales ainsi que de nombreux retours clients, le crissement des systèmes de freinage est un problème de vibration induite par frottement dépendant indubitablement de problématiques multi-physiques et multi-échelles. Parmi ces dernières, la structure du système, les paramètres opérationnels de freinage, les interfaces de contact frottant, couplés à une dépendance en température, ainsi que les non-linéarités de contact ou les aspects tribologiques, sont des éléments affectant considérablement le crissement, faisant de ce déplaisant bruit un sujet complexe à appréhender. Au sein de ce travail, le système complet de freinage est considéré, et plusieurs tendances principales sont identifiées au regard de l'influence des localisations de contact sur les émissions acoustiques.Des essais NVH sont réalisés, cette analyse implique différentes échelles d'intérêt visant à changer les caractéristiques de contact : les plaquettes de freinage sont modifiées d'une part à l'échelle macroscopique -avec la volonté de varier implicitement les zones de portance-, d'autre part à l'échelle mésoscopique -tendant à impacter l'évolution du circuit tribologique-. Le but inhérent est d'identifier les paramètres patins influençant le crissement, en affectant l'interface tribologique et engageant des différences de signatures acoustiques entre les expériences conduites.Des tests fortement instrumentés sont réalisés à l'échelle du système de frein complet, se focalisant sur différentes formes patins : le développement d'une instrumentation enrichie au travers d'un suivi in-operando des surfaces de contact via mesures thermiques, autorise l'accès à des informations de sollicitation supplémentaires, permettant le suivi des zones de portance supposées. L'emploi de méthodes de clustering est considéré afin d'analyser les données thermiques.Des simulations en stabilité impliquant corrélations expérimental / numérique sont effectuées. Des analyses sous-jacentes sont réalisées, en investiguant l'impact de caractéristiques de chanfreins sur le crissement, l'influence du coefficient de frottement, ou l'implémentation de formes globales d'usures. Qui plus-est, les simulations thermomécaniques sont ici d'intérêt, et l'introduction des zones de contact issues des méthodes de clustering est discutée.Bien que la considération du frein complet puisse impliquer de sévères dispersions expérimentales, des corrélations initiales entre les patins modifiés à différentes échelles -via des formes de patins à l'échelle macroscopique et des traitements thermiques à l'échelle mésoscopique- et les caractéristiques de bruit sont observées. Les essais avec instrumentation enrichie concluent que les localisations de contact peuvent varier pendant les tests NVH, dépendant des paramètres de sollicitation. Un lien particulier entre les conditions opérationnelles de freinage (pression, température), les localisations de contact, et le crissement est établi au travers des méthodes de clustering. Également, les tendances observées en simulation tendent à suivre celles expérimentales, et l'enrichissement des modèles via une description plus précise du contact peut présenter des améliorations quant à la capacité de prédiction du crissement de telles simulations<br>As intense acoustic radiations implying consequent environmental nuisances and customer complaints, squeal noises in brake systems are friction-induced vibration issues indubitably depending on multiphysics and multiscales problematics. Among these latter, system structure, braking operational parameters, frictional contact interfaces, coupled to temperature dependency, as well as contact non-linearities or tribological aspects, are elements considerably affecting squeal, making from this unpleasant noise a complex problem to apprehend. In this work, the full scale system is considered, and several principal tendencies are identified regarding the influence of contact localizations on acoustic emissions.NVH tests are conducted, this analysis involves several scales of interest aiming at changing contact characteristics: pads are modified either at the macroscopic scale -with the will of implicitly varying load bearing areas-, or at the mesoscopic one -tending to impact evolution of the tribological circuit-. The inherent purpose is to identify pads parameters influencing squeal, by affecting tribolayer as well as engaging noise signature differences between conducted experiments.Heavily instrumented tests are realized on a full scale brake system, focusing on different pad shapes: the development of an enriched instrumentation through in-operando thermal surface tracking allows to access to supplementary solicitation informations, permitting to follow the assumed load bearing area. The employment of clustering methods is considered to manage the analysis of thermal datas.Experimental / numerical correlated stability simulations are conducted. Subsequent analyses are realized, by investigating pads chamfer characteristic impact on squeal, influence of coefficient of friction, or implementation of global pads wear shapes. Furthermore, thermomechanical simulations are of interest, and the introduction of previously clustered-defined contact areas into models is realized.Although the full brake system consideration can involve severe experimental dispersions, initial correlations between modified pads at different scales -via pad shapes for the macroscopic one, and thermal treatments of friction material focusing on the mesoscopic level- and noise characteristics are observed. Enriched instrumented tests lead to the conclusion that contact localizations can evolve during NVH tests, depending on solicitation variables. A particular link between braking operational parameters (pressure, temperature), contact localizations, and squeal features is established through clustering. Finally, observed simulated tendencies tend to follow experimental ones, and model enrichment via a more accurate contact description could present improvements regarding squeal prediction capability of such simulation
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Ausdenmoore, Benjamin D. "Synaptic contact localization in three dimensional space using a Center Distance Algorithm." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1320866829.
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Zwiener, Adrian Marc [Verfasser]. "Towards Robust Grasping with Contact Localization and Grasp Pose Detection / Adrian Marc Zwiener." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2021100123331772210103.
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Erhardt, Johannes B. [Verfasser]. "Heating Characterization and Contact Localization of Miniaturized Implantable Planar Electrodes in MRI / Johannes B. Erhardt." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219476803/34.
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Ma, Xiaoyan. "Transcription factor binding dynamics and spatial co-localization in human genome." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269532.
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Transcription factor (TF) binding has been studied extensively in relation to binding site affinity and chromosome modifications; however, the relationship between genome spatial organisation and transcription factor binding is not well studied. Using the recently available high resolution Hi-C contact map of human GM12878 lymphoblastoid cells, we investigated computationally the genome-wide spatial co-localization of transcription factor binding sites, for both within the same type and between different types. First, we observed a strong positive correlation between site occupancy and homotypic TF co-localization based on Hi-C contacts, consistent with our predictions from biophysical simulations of TF target search. This trend is more prominent in binding sites with weak binding sequences and within enhancers, suggesting genome spatial organisation plays an essential role in determining binding site occupancy, especially for weak regulatory elements. Furthermore, when investigating spatial co-localization between different TFs, we discovered two distinct co-localization networks of TFs in lymphoblastoid cells, one of which is enriched in lymphocyte specific pathways and distal enhancer binding. These two TF networks have strong biases for either the A1 or A2 chromosome subcompartment, but nonetheless are still preserved within each, indicating a potential causal link between cell-type-specific transcription factor binding and chromosome subcompartment segregation. We called 40 pairs of significantly co-localized TFs according to the genome wide Hi-C contact map, which are enriched in previously reported, physical interactions, thus linking TF spatial network to co-functioning. In addition to the above main project, I also worked on a side project to find compute-efficient ways in scaling binding site strength across different TFs based on Position-Weight-Matrices (PWM). While common bioinformatics tools produce scores that can reflect the binding strength between a specific TF and the DNA, these scores are not directly comparable between different TFs. We provided two approaches in estimating a scaling parameter $\lambda$ to the PWM score for different TFs. The first approach uses a PWM and background genomic sequence as input to estimate $\lambda$ for a specific TF, which we applied to show that $\lambda$ distributions for different TF families correspond with their DNA binding properties. Our second method can reliably convert $\lambda$ between different PWMs of the same TF, which allows us to directly compare PWMs that were generated by different approaches.
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Casselmann, Lana [Verfasser], and Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Goertsches. "Torus Actions on K-Contact Manifolds : Basic Kirwan Surjectivity, Localization, and Residue Formula / Lana Casselmann ; Betreuer: Oliver Goertsches." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156462258/34.
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Geissbühler-Vogel, Daniella Maria. "Localization of glucose-6-phosphatase activity and of carbohydrates in boar caput epididymal principal cells /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Högger, Katharina Elisabeth Magdalena. "MMP-19 : cellular localization of a novel metalloproteinase within normal breast tissue and mammary gland tumours /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Hassellöf, Daniel. "Position Determination using multiple wireless interfaces." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91861.
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This Master’s thesis studies different ways of exploiting the signal strength measurements from wireless interfaces for position determination. Difficulties include handling the fluctuating observations and their sensitivity to obstruction. We list important factors to take into account before describing a new system based on location fingerprinting and capable of integrating observations from multiple wireless interfaces. Compared to typical fingerprinting solutions, the training time is an order of magnitude shorter, but the location resolution is limited to locations of particular interest. In an office environment, the proposed solution determines the location correctly 80 percent of the time with sufficient precision for being used with context-aware services. In an open space environment, an incorrect location is reported 42 percent of the time.<br>Det här exjobbet studerar olika sätt att använda signalstyrka från trådlösa gränssnitt för positionsbestämning. Några av svårigheterna ligger i att hantera observationernas fluktuationer och deras känslighet för obstruktion. De viktigaste faktorerna att ta hänsyn till tas upp innan ett nytt system beskrivs. Det är baserat på positionsigenkänning (location fingerprinting) och kan dra nytta av observationer från flera olika trådlösa gränssnitt. Jämfört med vanliga metoder för positionsigenkänning är träningstiden en storleksordning kortare, men positionsupplösningen är begränsad till ett visst antal positioner av särskilt värde. I en kontorsmiljö klarar den föreslagna lösningen att korrekt bestämma positionen i 80 procent av fallen med tillräckligt hög noggrannhet för att användas till kontextmedvetna tjänster (context-aware services). I en öppen rumslösning ger lösningen en felaktig position i 42 procent av fallen.
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Ebert, Andreas. "Microfabric evolution in pure and impure carbonate mylonites and their role for strain localization in large-scale shear zones /." Bern : Universität Bern, Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät, 2006. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Ivins, Tiffany. "Localization of Open Educational Resources (OER) in Nepal: Strategies of Himalayan Knowledge-Workers." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2616.
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This dissertation examines localization of Open Educational Resources (OER) in Himalayan community technology centers of Nepal. Specifically, I examine strategies and practices that local knowledge-workers utilize in order to localize educational content for the disparate needs, interests, and ability-levels of learners in rural villages. This study draws on insights from non-formal education (NFE) stakeholders in Nepal, including government, UN, international and national NGOs, local knowledge-workers, and learners from different villages. I specifically focus on a sample of seven technology centers to better understand how localization is defined, designed, and executed at a ground level. I illuminate obstacles knowledge-workers face while localizing content and strategies to overcome such barriers. I conclude by offering key principles to support theory development related to OER localization. This study is anchored in hermeneutic inquiry and is augmented by interpretive phenomenological analysis and quasi-ethnographic research methods. This qualitative study employed interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and artifact reviews to identify patterns of localization practices and themes related to localization of critical content in Himalayan community technology centers of Nepal. This dissertation provides valuable evidence not only why localization matters (a statement that has been hypothesized for the past decade); but also provides proof of how localization is executed and concrete ways that localization could be improved in order for OER to reap efficacious learning gains for more rural people in developing countries and in other rural communities across the globe. The full text of this dissertation may be downloaded for free from http://etd.byu.edu/
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Martirosyan, Anahit. "Towards Design of Lightweight Spatio-Temporal Context Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19857.
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Context represents any knowledge obtained from Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) about the object being monitored (such as time and location of the sensed events). Time and location are important constituents of context as the information about the events sensed in WSNs is comprehensive when it includes spatio-temporal knowledge.
In this thesis, we first concentrate on the development of a suite of lightweight algorithms on temporal event ordering and time synchronization as well as localization for WSNs. Then, we propose an energy-efficient clustering routing protocol for WSNs that is used for message delivery in the former algorithm.
The two problems - temporal event ordering and synchronization - are dealt with together as both are concerned with preserving temporal relationships of events in WSNs. The messages needed for synchronization are piggybacked onto the messages exchanged in underlying algorithms. The synchronization algorithm is tailored to the clustered topology in order to reduce the overhead of keeping WSNs synchronized.
The proposed localization algorithm has an objective of lowering the overhead of DV-hop based algorithms by reducing the number of floods in the initial position estimation phase. It also randomizes iterative refinement phase to overcome the synchronicity of DV-hop based algorithms. The position estimates with higher confidences are emphasized to reduce the impact of erroneous estimates on the neighbouring nodes.
The proposed clustering routing protocol is used for message delivery in the proposed temporal algorithm. Nearest neighbour nodes are employed for inter-cluster communication. The algorithm provides Quality of Service by forwarding high priority messages via the paths with the least cost. The algorithm is also extended for multiple Sink scenario.
The suite of algorithms proposed in this thesis provides the necessary tool for providing spatio-temporal context for context-aware WSNs. The algorithms are lightweight as they aim at satisfying WSN's requirements primarily in terms of energy-efficiency, low latency and fault tolerance. This makes them suitable for emergency response applications and ubiquitous computing.
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Bourges-Waldegg, Paula. "Handling cultural factors in human-computer interaction." Thesis, University of Derby, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/310928.
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The main objective of the research described in this thesis was to investigate and understand the origins of culturally-determined usability problems in the context of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) to develop a method for treating this issue, when designing systems intended to be shared by culturally-heterogeneous user groups, such as Computer Supported Co-operative Work (CSCW) systems and the Internet. The resulting approach supports HCI designers by providing an alternative to internationalisation and localisation guidelines, which are inappropriate for tackling culturally-determined usability problems in the context of shared-systems. The research also sought to apply and test the developed approach in order to assess its efficacy and to modify or improve it accordingly.
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Mick, Graciela. "The role of revision in english-spanish software localization." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/378650.
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La tasca principal d'aquest projecte d'investigació empírica és explorar el procés de revisió en la traducció de la interfície de tres pogramas de programari desenvolupats per Siemens PLM Software Inc Centrarem la nostra atenció especialment en el paper dels revisors locals de l'idioma espanyol com una de els actors principals de les versions localitzades. L'equip format per traductors de plantilla i de revisors locals s'ha convertit en un tema d'interès per als investigadors, els professors de llengua i els professionals de la traducció. La revisió de la traducció és cada vegada més rellevant en l'ambient de la localització de programari. Les principals preguntes de recerca en aquest projecte són: La versió en espanyol és una fidel traducció del text escrit en anglès? Per què alguns clients mexicans prefereixen utilitzar les aplicacions de programari en idioma anglès? Per avaluar si la traducció i la funcionalitat de la interfície de les tres aplicacions eren apropiades, es va realitzar una extensa anàlisi lingüístic de seixanta segments de text extrets de les tres aplicacions traduïdes i revisades per traductors interns i revisors locals, respectivament. En segon lloc, un selecte grup de clients i usuaris de parla hispana de les aplicacions de Siemens completi un qüestionari d'avaluació electrònica. I per entendre millor les preferències d'idioma dels clients mexicans, es va realitzar una anàlisi lingüístic d'una sèrie d'informes de problemes presentats pels usuaris de les aplicacions durant sis mesos. L'anàlisi de les dades indica que els errors de traducció i el llenguatge es van corregir durant l'etapa de revisió. Les proves dels instruments de l'enquesta suggereix que la versió localitzada de la interfície d'usuari es llegeix amb fluïdesa i naturalitat. No obstant això, es va trobar que la principal diferència estadística entre la font i el text de destinació en el nombre dels errors funcionals. Per aquesta raó, alguns usuaris de parla hispana en realitat canviar a la versió en anglès dels productes de programari. I, finalment, l'evidència dels informes de problemes suggereix que el nombre d'Informe de problemes és baix durant el període de temps determinat i que no hi ha cap crítica per qüestions funcionals.<br>La tarea principal de este proyecto de investigación empírica es explorar el proceso de revisión en la traducción de la interfaz de tres pogramas de software desarrollados por Siemens PLM Software Inc. Centraremos nuestra atención en el papel de los revisores locales del idioma español como una de los actores principales de las versiones localizadas. El equipo formado por traductores de plantilla y de revisores locales se ha convertido en un tema de interés para los investigadores, los profesores de idioma y los profesionales de la traducción. La revisión de la traducción es cada vez más relevante en el ambiente de la localización de software. Las principales preguntas de investigación: ¿La versión en español es una fiel traducción del texto escrito en inglés? ¿Por qué algunos clientes mexicanos prefieren utilizar las aplicaciones de software en idioma inglés? Para evaluar si la traducción y la funcionalidad de la interfaz de las tres aplicaciones eran apropiadas, se realizó un extenso análisis linguístico de sesenta segmentos de texto extraídos de las tres aplicaciones traducidas y revisadas por traductores internos y revisores locales, respectivamente. En segundo lugar, un selecto grupo de clientes y usuarios de habla hispana de las aplicaciones completó un cuestionario electrónico. Y se realizó un análisis linguístico de una serie de informes de problemas presentados por los usuarios de las aplicaciones durante seis meses. El análisis demuestra que los errores de traducción y el lenguaje se corrigieron durante la etapa de revisión. Los resultados de la encuesta sugieren que la versión localizada de la interfaz se lee fluida y naturalmente. Sin embargo, se determinó que la principal diferencia estadística entre el texto de partida y el texto de llegada es el número de errores funcionales. Por esta razón, algunos usuarios de habla hispana prefieren utilizar la versión en inglés de los productos de software. Y, finalmente, el análisis de los informes de problemas linguísticos indica que el número fue bajo durante el periodo de tiempo determinado y que no hubo ninguna crítica por cuestiones funcionales.<br>The main task of this empirical research project is to explore the Spanish translation revision/review process of three software solutions developed by Siemens PLM Software Inc. We will focus our attention especially on the role of Spanish in-country reviewers or revisers as one of the main agents for localized output. The in-house translator and in-country reviewer team is emerging as a concept of interest to researchers, l and translation practitioners. Translation revision efforts are becoming increasingly more relevant in a software localization scenario. The main research questions in this project are: Does the Spanish version communicate what the English does? Why do some Mexican customers prefer to use the English-language software applications? To evaluate the language appropriateness and functionality of the user interface of the PLM software products in the Spanish-localized versions, we conducted a detailed language evaluation of sixty UI segments translated and revised by in-house translators and in-country reviewers respectively. The data analysis indicates that translation and language errors were corrected during the revision stage. Furthermore, an electronic assessment questionnaire was completed by a select group of Siemens PLM software Spanish-speaking customers. The evidence from the survey instruments suggests that the localized version of the user interface reads fluently and naturally. However, the main statistical difference between the source and the target text was found in the number of functional errors. For this reason, some Spanish-speaking end-users actually switch to the English version of the software solutions. And finally, to further understand the Mexican customers’ language preference, we collected and analyzed a number of problem reports submitted by our application users during a six-month period. The evidence from the problem reports suggests that the number of PRs is low for that particular time frame and that there is no indication of any functional issues. The research findings should have important implications for the practice of software translation revision and for raising awareness that localization is a team effort involving more players than just translators and revisers.
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Longo, Elena. "From X-ray tomography to the first X-ray plenoptic camera for nanoparticles bio-localization." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX104/document.
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La tomographie par rayons X est une technique d’imagerie non-invasive qui permet de réaliser des images en 3D par l’acquisition de multiples images en 2D. La tomographie X par contraste de phase (XPCT) a été utilisée pour étudier la biodistribution de nanoparticules métalliques (NPs) dans des souris. Ces NPs sont très utilisées comme radiosensibilisants dans la recherche de traitements contre les cancers mais aussi pour marquer des plaques amyloïdes de la maladie d’Alzheimer chez la souris. Grace à la grande brillance du synchrotron ESRF, des images XPCT en haute résolution ont été obtenues et traitées pour produire des modèles en 3D d’organes de souris dopés aux NPs de gadolinium, d’or ou de platine.En parallèle, dans le cadre du projet Européen VOXEL (Volumetric X-ray Extremely Low dose), un microscope compact à rayons X mous a été développé pour l’imagerie cellulaire. Ce microscope fonctionne dans la « fenêtre de l’eau », une région spectrale pour laquelle un bon contraste de la structure cellulaire est réalisable naturellement. Ce microscope est conçu pour réaliser de l’imagerie plénoptique, une technique actuellement testée uniquement dans le visible. Ce système est composé d’une lentille principale et d’une matrice de micro-lentilles couplée à un détecteur, permettant d’enregistrer les composantes angulaires et spatiales des rayons arrivant au niveau du détecteur. Il est ainsi possible de produire des images en 3D à partir d’une seule exposition. Adapter cette technique disruptive aux rayons X aura, un très grand impact pour les applications biomédicales car cela permettra de réduire fortement la dose absorbée par les échantillons par rapport à la méthode conventionnelle de tomographie X<br>X-ray tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows producing 3D images following the acquisition of multiple 2D images at many angles. In particular, X-ray Phase-Contrast Tomography (XPCT) has been exploited for resolving the biodistribution of metal-based theranostic nanoparticles (NPs) in mice. These NPs are widely used as radiosensitizers for researches on cancer therapies and, recently to mark amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease in mice. Thanks to the high brightness of ESRF synchrotron, high resolution XPCT images were obtained and thus processed for producing 3D models of mice organs doped with gadolinium, gold or platinum NPs.In parallel, in the framework of a European project, named VOXEL (Volumetric X-ray Extremely Low dose), a compact desktop-size soft X-ray microscope was developed aiming at biological cell imaging. The microscope was designed to be suitable in the so-called “water window” spectral range, where a natural good contrast of the cellular structures is achievable. The microscope was conceived to perform plenoptic imaging, a technology currently tested only in the visible domain. This device is composed of a main lens and a microlens array coupled to a detector, allowing recording the spatial and the angular components of the light rays travelling up to the detector and thus enabling producing 3D images in a single exposure. By adapting this disrupting technology to X-rays, a huge impact for bio-medical applications is foreseen, since it would lead to a drastic decrease of the dose absorbed by samples, compared to traditional X-ray tomography methods
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Bichsel, Leila Tièche Raphaël. "D-dimers, localization of first deep vein thrombosis and awareness of risk factors as independent predictors of the risk of recurrent thromboembolic events /." Bern : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Hingot, Vincent. "Development of ultrasound localization microscopy to measure cerebral perfusion during stroke : a study in mouse models prior to its translation in humans." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS562.
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L’échographie est une technique d’imagerie médicale employant des ultrasons. Un examen classique se base sur deux modes principaux, le mode B pour l’imagerie anatomique et le mode Doppler pour l’imagerie des flux sanguins.Dans le contexte des maladies cérébro-vasculaires, l’échographie sert principalement à estimer les altérations du flux sanguin dans les artères cérébrales majeures au travers du Doppler transcranien. Cependant, la faible qualité des images à travers le crâne ne permet pas à l’échographie d’être aussi performante que l’imagerie par résonance magnétique.Les récents progrès en échographie ont permis l’émergence de nouveaux modes d’imagerie, en particulier une technique de super-résolution ultrasonore qui permet d’augmenter la résolution ainsi que le contraste de l’imagerie vasculaire. Elle se base sur l’imagerie rapide de microbulles couramment utilisées comme agents de contraste pour l’échographie. En utilisant cette méthode, il a été possible d’imager jusqu’aux plus petits vaisseaux et permettrait chez l’homme l’imagerie de la perfusion cérébrale de manière plus performante que le Doppler transcranien. Cela pourrait rendre possible une prise en charge plus précoce et plus efficace des patients victimes d’accidents vasculaires cérébraux. Avant d’être utilisée dans un contexte médical, la technique de super-résolution ultrasonore doit être mieux comprise, mieux réalisée, et adaptée au contexte particulier des accidents vasculaires cérébraux. En particulier, ce manuscrit discutera des meilleures méthodes de formation d’image, et se penchera sur les performances réelles de l’imagerie super résolue. Nous discuterons également des possibilités de corriger les artefacts dus aux mouvements physiologiques et des possibilités d’utiliser l’imagerie super résolue dans divers organes et en particulier les reins, les tumeurs et la moelle épinière. L’étude approfondie par imagerie super résolue de modèles d’ischémie cérébrale chez le rongeur permettra de construire des biomarqueurs vasculaires adaptés au diagnostic des pathologies cérébro-vasculaires et devrait aider la translation vers des patients humains<br>Ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses ultrasound. A typical examination is based on two main modes, B-mode for anatomical imaging and Doppler mode for blood flowimaging. In the context of cerebrovascular diseases, ultrasonography is used primarily to estimate alterations in blood flow in major cerebral arteries through transcranial Doppler. However, the low quality of the images through the skull does not allow ultrasound to be as efficient as magnetic resonance imaging. Recent advances in ultrasound have led to the emergence of new modes of imaging, particularly a super-resolution ultrasound technique that increases the resolution and contrast of vascular imaging. It is based on the rapid imaging of microbubbles commonly used as contrast agents for ultrasound. This method has shown that it can image even the smallest vessels and allows to perform cerebral perfusion imaging more effectively than Transcranial Doppler. This would allow earlier and more effective management of stroke patients. Before being used in a medical context, this ultrasound super-resolution technique must be better understood, better realized, and adapted to the particular context of cerebrovascular diseases. In particular, this manuscript will discuss how to best form images, and will look at the actual performance of super-resolved imaging. We will also discuss the possibilities of correcting artefacts due to physiological movements and the possibilities of using super-resolved imaging in various organs, particularly the kidneys, tumors and spinal cord. Finally, imaging of models of cerebral ischemia in rodents will enable the construction of vascular biomarkers suitable for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular pathologies and should aid translation into human patients
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Федосеев, Д. С., та D. S. Fedoseev. "Анализ подходов к локализации рекламных сообщений в крупных международных компаниях : магистерская диссертация". Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/89659.
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В аспекте глобализации вопрос локализации рекламных сообщений для крупных международных компаний приобретает особое значение. В связи с этим, встает вопрос о создании универсальной методики выбора подходов к локализации, используя имеющуюся информацию об этнических, территориально-географических, исторических и политических особенностях страны. В данной работе были рассмотрены сущность и причины локализации рекламных сообщений крупными международными компаниями, изучены основные подходы к локализации, а также сложности, с которыми сталкиваются международные компании в процессе локализации. Был выполнен сравнительный анализ подходов к локализации рекламных сообщений крупными международными компаниями и определены наиболее эффективные подходы к локализации и их элементы в международной рекламе. Также при помощи разработанной методики были изучены особенности локализации рекламных сообщений в Катаре и проведен анализ использования элементов различных подходов в рекламных сообщениях, локализованных для рынка Катара. Было выявлено, что наиболее часто используемыми элементами подходов к локализации международных рекламных сообщений в рамках рассмотренных отраслей являются элементы территориально-географического и этнического подходов, а эффективность использования тех или иных элементов сильно варьируется в зависимости от отрасли, в которой крупная международная компания осуществляет свою деятельность. Были разработаны рекомендации по использованию подходов к локализации международных компаний-спонсоров FIFA 2022.<br>The issue of localization of advertising messages for large international companies is of particular importance. In this regard, arises the question of creating a universal methodology for choosing approaches to localization, using available information about the ethnic, territorial, geographical, historical and official capabilities of countries. In this paper, the main approaches to localization were considered, as well as problems arose with international companies in the localization process. A comparative analysis of approaches to the localization of advertising messages was carried out and the most effective approaches to localization and their elements in international advertising were identified. In addition, special methods for the localization of advertising messages in Qatar were developed and an analysis of the use of various approaches in advertising messages localized for the Qatar market was carried out. It was revealed that the most frequently used elements are dependent on the industry in which a large international company is involved in its activities. FIFA 2022 provided recommendations on the use of approaches to localization of international sponsor companies.
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Furner, Emily Kay. "Cultural Differences in Russian and English Magazine Advertising: A Pragmatic Approach." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6730.
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Many American companies looking to increase sales and achieve growth targets consider expanding the reach of their product lines to other countries. However, expansion on a global scale often requires much trial and error as English-speaking companies try to market their goods to a foreign audience. In order to ease this process, localization experts are often hired to "localize" or change advertisements in order to make them more culturally relevant to consumers. Because the field of localization is relatively new, there is little research done on the degree and extent to which advertisements are localized. The purpose of this study is to explore the cultural differences in advertising between Russia and the United States of America. Two different samples of print magazine advertisements were taken from beauty magazines published in Russia and America to determine how much, if any, localization is occurring in Russian media. In order to compare the different advertising strategies of Russia and the United States, 235 non-localized Russian advertisements and 128 localized advertisements were coded for several different pragmatic features that Simpson (2001) included in his "reason" and "tickle" advertising framework. The results were then analyzed through content analysis and Chi-square statistics to find what pragmatic features are characteristic of localized and non-localized Russian ads. The study found that non-localized Russian advertising places more emphasis on reason-based persuasion strategies—most notably celebrity endorsement and extensive listing of reasons to buy a particular product. Localized Russian advertising, in contrast, uses more tickle-based persuasion tactics such as metaphor and implicature. 80% of localized Russian advertisements had little to no change in their advertising text from the English version of the advertisements, which means that the rate of localization in Russian advertising is currently low. Low rates of localization and differing persuasive techniques among the two samples signify the need for better cultural awareness in international marketing campaigns.
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Woo, Chaw-Seng. "Digital image watermarking methods for copyright protection and authentication." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16457/1/Chaw-Seng_Woo_Thesis.pdf.
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The ease of digital media modification and dissemination necessitates content protection beyond encryption. Information hidden as digital watermarks in multimedia enables protection mechanism in decrypted contents.
The aims of this research are three-fold: (i) to investigate the strength and limitations of current watermarking schemes, (ii) to design and develop new schemes to overcome the limitations, and (iii) to evaluate the new schemes using application scenarios of copyright protection, tamper detection and authentication. We focus on geometrically robust watermarking and semi-fragile watermarking for digital images. Additionally, hybrid schemes that combine the strength of both robust and semi-fragile watermarks are studied.
Robust watermarks are well suited for copyright protection because they stay intact with the image under various manipulations. We investigated two major approaches of robust watermarking. In the synchronization approach, we employed motion estimation for watermark resynchronization. We also developed a novel watermark resynchronization method that has low computational cost using scale normalization and flowline curvature. In another approach, we firstly analyzed and improved a blind watermark detection method. The new method reduces significantly the computational cost of its watermark embedding. Secondly, we created a geometric invariant domain using a combination of transforms, and adapted the blind watermark detection method that we improved. It totally eliminates the need of resynchronization in watermark detection, which is a very desirable achievement that can hardly be found in existing schemes.
On the other hand, semi-fragile watermarks are good at content authentication because they can differentiate minor image enhancements from major manipulations. New capabilities of semi-fragile watermarks are identified. Then, we developed a semi-fragile watermarking method in wavelet domain that offers content authentication and tamper localization. Unlike others, our scheme overcomes a major challenge called cropping attack and provides approximate content recovery without resorting to an original image.
Hybrid schemes combine robust and semi-fragile watermarks to offer deductive information in digital media forensics. We firstly carried out a pilot study by combining robust and fragile watermarks. Then, we performed a comparative analysis on two implementation methods of a hybrid watermarking scheme. The first method has the robust watermark and the fragile watermark overlapped while the second method uses non-overlapping robust and fragile watermarks. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, we merge our geometric invariant domain with our semi-fragile watermark to produce a hybrid scheme. This hybrid scheme fulfilled the copyright protection, tamper detection, and content authentication objectives when evaluated in an investigation scenario.
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Woo, Chaw-Seng. "Digital image watermarking methods for copyright protection and authentication." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16457/.
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The ease of digital media modification and dissemination necessitates content protection beyond encryption. Information hidden as digital watermarks in multimedia enables protection mechanism in decrypted contents. The aims of this research are three-fold: (i) to investigate the strength and limitations of current watermarking schemes, (ii) to design and develop new schemes to overcome the limitations, and (iii) to evaluate the new schemes using application scenarios of copyright protection, tamper detection and authentication. We focus on geometrically robust watermarking and semi-fragile watermarking for digital images. Additionally, hybrid schemes that combine the strength of both robust and semi-fragile watermarks are studied. Robust watermarks are well suited for copyright protection because they stay intact with the image under various manipulations. We investigated two major approaches of robust watermarking. In the synchronization approach, we employed motion estimation for watermark resynchronization. We also developed a novel watermark resynchronization method that has low computational cost using scale normalization and flowline curvature. In another approach, we firstly analyzed and improved a blind watermark detection method. The new method reduces significantly the computational cost of its watermark embedding. Secondly, we created a geometric invariant domain using a combination of transforms, and adapted the blind watermark detection method that we improved. It totally eliminates the need of resynchronization in watermark detection, which is a very desirable achievement that can hardly be found in existing schemes. On the other hand, semi-fragile watermarks are good at content authentication because they can differentiate minor image enhancements from major manipulations. New capabilities of semi-fragile watermarks are identified. Then, we developed a semi-fragile watermarking method in wavelet domain that offers content authentication and tamper localization. Unlike others, our scheme overcomes a major challenge called cropping attack and provides approximate content recovery without resorting to an original image. Hybrid schemes combine robust and semi-fragile watermarks to offer deductive information in digital media forensics. We firstly carried out a pilot study by combining robust and fragile watermarks. Then, we performed a comparative analysis on two implementation methods of a hybrid watermarking scheme. The first method has the robust watermark and the fragile watermark overlapped while the second method uses non-overlapping robust and fragile watermarks. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, we merge our geometric invariant domain with our semi-fragile watermark to produce a hybrid scheme. This hybrid scheme fulfilled the copyright protection, tamper detection, and content authentication objectives when evaluated in an investigation scenario.
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Manfredi, Guido. "Learning objects model and context for recognition and localisation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30386/document.
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Cette thèse traite des problèmes de modélisation, reconnaissance, localisation et utilisation du contexte pour la manipulation d'objets par un robot. Le processus de modélisation se divise en quatre composantes : le système réel, les données capteurs, les propriétés à reproduire et le modèle. En spécifiant chacune des ces composantes, il est possible de définir un processus de modélisation adapté au problème présent, la manipulation d'objets par un robot. Cette analyse mène à l'adoption des descripteurs de texture locaux pour la modélisation. La modélisation basée sur des descripteurs de texture locaux a été abordé dans de nombreux travaux traitant de structure par le mouvement (SfM) ou de cartographie et localisation simultanée (SLAM). Les méthodes existantes incluent Bundler, Roboearth et 123DCatch. Pourtant, aucune de ces méthodes n'a recueilli le consensus. En effet, l'implémentation d'une approche similaire montre que ces outils sont difficiles d'utilisation même pour des utilisateurs experts et qu'ils produisent des modèles d'une haute complexité. Cette complexité est utile pour fournir un modèle robuste aux variations de point de vue. Il existe deux façons pour un modèle d'être robuste : avec le paradigme des vues multiple ou celui des descripteurs forts. Dans le paradigme des vues multiples, le modèle est construit à partir d'un grand nombre de points de vue de l'objet. Le paradigme des descripteurs forts compte sur des descripteurs résistants aux changements de points de vue. Les expériences réalisées montrent que des descripteurs forts permettent d'utiliser un faible nombre de vues, ce qui résulte en un modèle simple. Ces modèles simples n'incluent pas tout les point de vus existants mais les angles morts peuvent être compensés par le fait que le robot est mobile et peut adopter plusieurs points de vue. En se basant sur des modèles simples, il est possible de définir des méthodes de modélisation basées sur des images seules, qui peuvent être récupérées depuis Internet. A titre d'illustration, à partir d'un nom de produit, il est possible de récupérer des manières totalement automatiques des images depuis des magasins en ligne et de modéliser puis localiser les objets désirés. Même avec une modélisation plus simple, dans des cas réel ou de nombreux objets doivent être pris en compte, il se pose des problèmes de stockage et traitement d'une telle masse de données. Cela se décompose en un problème de complexité, il faut traiter de nombreux modèles rapidement, et un problème d'ambiguïté, des modèles peuvent se ressembler. L'impact de ces deux problèmes peut être réduit en utilisant l'information contextuelle. Le contexte est toute information non issue des l'objet lui même et qui aide a la reconnaissance. Ici deux types de contexte sont abordés : le lieu et les objets environnants. Certains objets se trouvent dans certains endroits particuliers. En connaissant ces liens lieu/objet, il est possible de réduire la liste des objets candidats pouvant apparaître dans un lieu donné. Par ailleurs l'apprentissage du lien lieu/objet peut être fait automatiquement par un robot en modélisant puis explorant un environnement. L'information appris peut alors être fusionnée avec l'information visuelle courante pour améliorer la reconnaissance. Dans les cas des objets environnants, un objet peut souvent apparaître au cotés d'autres objets, par exemple une souris et un clavier. En connaissant la fréquence d'apparition d'un objet avec d'autres objets, il est possible de réduire la liste des candidats lors de la reconnaissance. L'utilisation d'un Réseau de Markov Logique est particulièrement adaptée à la fusion de ce type de données. Cette thèse montre la synergie de la robotique et du contexte pour la modélisation, reconnaissance et localisation d'objets<br>This Thesis addresses the modeling, recognition, localization and use of context for objects manipulation by a robot. We start by presenting the modeling process and its components: the real system, the sensors' data, the properties to reproduce and the model. We show how, by specifying each of them, one can define a modeling process adapted to the problem at hand, namely object manipulation by a robot. This analysis leads us to the adoption of local textured descriptors for object modeling. Modeling with local textured descriptors is not a new concept, it is the subject of many Structure from Motion (SfM) or Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) works. Existing methods include bundler, roboearth modeler and 123DCatch. Still, no method has gained widespread adoption. By implementing a similar approach, we show that they are hard to use even for expert users and produce highly complex models. Such complex techniques are necessary to guaranty the robustness of the model to view point change. There are two ways to handle the problem: the multiple views paradigm and the robust features paradigm. The multiple views paradigm advocate in favor of using a large number of views of the object. The robust feature paradigm relies on robust features able to resist large view point changes. We present a set of experiments to provide an insight into the right balance between both. By varying the number of views and using different features we show that small and fast models can provide robustness to view point changes up to bounded blind spots which can be handled by robotic means. We propose four different methods to build simple models from images only, with as little a priori information as possible. The first one applies to planar or piecewise planar objects and relies on homographies for localization. The second approach is applicable to objects with simple geometry, such as cylinders or spheres, but requires many measures on the object. The third method requires the use of a calibrated 3D sensor but no additional information. The fourth technique doesn't need a priori information at all. We apply this last method to autonomous grocery objects modeling. From images automatically retrieved from a grocery store website, we build a model which allows recognition and localization for tracking. Even using light models, real situations ask for numerous object models to be stored and processed. This poses the problems of complexity, processing multiple models quickly, and ambiguity, distinguishing similar objects. We propose to solve both problems by using contextual information. Contextual information is any information helping the recognition which is not directly provided by sensors. We focus on two contextual cues: the place and the surrounding objects. Some objects are mainly found in some particular places. By knowing the current place, one can restrict the number of possible identities for a given object. We propose a method to autonomously explore a previously labeled environment and establish a correspondence between objects and places. Then this information can be used in a cascade combining simple visual descriptors and context. This experiment shows that, for some objects, recognition can be achieved with as few as two simple features and the location as context. The objects surrounding a given object can also be used as context. Objects like a keyboard, a mouse and a monitor are often close together. We use qualitative spatial descriptors to describe the position of objects with respect to their neighbors. Using a Markov Logic Network, we learn patterns in objects disposition. This information can then be used to recognize an object when surrounding objects are already identified. This Thesis stresses the good match between robotics, context and objects recognition
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Agred, Kahina. "Localisation automatique des aciers et caractérisation de la teneur en eau du béton armé par radar double-offset à grand rendement." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30194/document.
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Les budgets destinés à l'entretien et à la réparation du patrimoine bâti étant très élevés, il est primordial de mettre en place des techniques fiables de suivi et de diagnostic des ouvrages pour réduire ces dépenses. Il existe de nombreuses techniques de contrôle non destructif (CND) employant différentes technologies à des coûts plus ou moins abordables. Elles permettent la détermination des propriétés du matériau renseignant sur l'état de l'ouvrage, et la détection d'inclusions ou de défauts dans le béton. Ces techniques sont connues pour leur rapidité de mise en œuvre et leur grand rendement sur site, mais aussi par leur caractère non intrusif qui permet de limiter le nombre de prélèvements. Cela les rend pertinentes pour la surveillance et l'inspection du patrimoine bâti, puisqu'elles peuvent fournir des informations liées à l'état d'un ouvrage sans l'endommager. Dans un ouvrage en béton armé, la couche d'enrobage des armatures est la plus sujette à de multiples agressions. C'est dans cette couche qu'ont lieu la majorité des réactions chimiques qui causent la dégradation de l'ouvrage, puisqu'avec la présence d'eau cet enrobage est considéré comme la zone de pénétration, de transfert et de fixation des agents agressifs présents dans l'environnement de l'ouvrage, favorisant par exemple la corrosion des armatures. La teneur en eau du béton est considérée comme un facteur très important dans le diagnostic des structures en béton armé, puisqu'elle conditionne le développement de la plupart des pathologies liées à la dégradation des structures affectant ainsi la durabilité du béton. La localisation avec précision des aciers de renforcement est également un élément primordial pour le diagnostic, mais également pour vérifier la conformité des dispositions constructives par rapport aux plans d'exécution. Dans ces travaux de recherche, nous utilisons la technologie radar pour la caractérisation géométrique et physique des éléments en béton armé, cela par le développement d'un algorithme automatique, rapide et sans prérequis. Les objectifs de cette étude sont : de localiser en surface et en profondeur les aciers du premier lit d'armatures, et de déterminer la vitesse de propagation des ondes électromagnétiques dans le béton d'enrobage pour estimer sa teneur en eau<br>Since budgets for the maintenance and repair of built heritage structures are very high, it is essential to implement reliable techniques for monitoring and diagnosis of structures to reduce these costs. There are many non-destructive testing (NDT) methods employing different technologies which are more or less expensive. The NDT methods allow the determination of the properties of the material giving also information about the condition of the structure, and the detection of inclusions or defects in the concrete. These techniques are known for their fast implementation and their high performance in-situ, but also by their non-intrusive nature, which makes it possible to limit the number of samples for destructive assessment. This makes them relevant for the monitoring and inspection of built heritage, since they can provide information related to the condition of a structure without any damage. In a reinforced concrete structure, the concrete cover is the most prone to multiple aggressions. The majority of the chemical reactions which cause the degradation of the structure occur in this layer, since with the presence of water this coating is considered as the penetration, transfer and fixing zone of aggressive agents present in the environment of the structure, thus enhancing for example the corrosion of the reinforcements. The water content of concrete is considered as a very important factor in the diagnosis of reinforced concrete structures, since it conditions the development of most pathologies related to structural degradation, thus affecting the durability of concrete. The precise location of the reinforcement in the construction is also an essential element for the diagnosis, but also to check the conformity of the constructive dispositions with the execution plans. In this research, we use GPR technology for the geometrical and physical characterization of reinforced concrete elements, through the development of an automatic algorithm, fast and without pre-requisites. The objectives of this study are to locate the rebars of the first reinforcing layer in the plane and depth and to determine the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic waves in the coating layer to estimate the water content of concrete
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Lee, Yeongseon. "Bayesian 3D multiple people tracking using multiple indoor cameras and microphones." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29668.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Rusell M. Mersereau; Committee Member: Biing Hwang (Fred) Juang; Committee Member: Christopher E. Heil; Committee Member: Georgia Vachtsevanos; Committee Member: James H. McClellan. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Havránek, Zdeněk. "Analýza vibrací pomocí akustické holografie." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233446.
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Disertační práce se zabývá bezkontaktní analýzou vibrací pomocí metod akustické holografie v blízkém poli. Akustická holografie v blízkém poli je experimentální metoda, která rekonstruuje akustické pole v těsné blízkosti povrchu vibrujícího předmětu na základě měření akustického tlaku nebo akustické rychlosti v určité vzdálenosti od zkoumaného předmětu. Konkrétní realizace této metody závisí na použitém výpočetním algoritmu. Vlastní práce je zaměřena zejména na rozbor algoritmů, které využívají k rekonstrukci zvukového pole v blízkosti vibrujícího objektu transformaci do domény vlnových čísel (prostorová transformace), kde probíhá vlastní výpočet. V úvodu práce je vysvětlena základní teorie metody akustické holografie v blízkém poli s popisem základních vlastností a dále rozborem konkrétních nejčastěji používaných algoritmům pro lokalizaci a charakterizaci zdroje zvuku a pro následnou vibrační analýzu. Stěžejní část práce se věnuje pokročilým metodám zpracování, které se snaží určitým způsobem optimalizovat přesnost predice zvukového pole v blízkosti vibrujícího předmětu v reálných podmínkách. Jde zejména o problematiku použitého měřicího systému s akustickými snímači, které nejsou ideální, a dále o možnost měření v prostorách s difúzním charakterem zvukového pole. Pro tento případ byla na základě literárního průzkumu optimalizována a ověřena metoda využívající dvouvrstvé mikrofonní pole, které umožňuje oddělení zvukových polí přicházejících z různých stran a tedy úspěšné měření v uzavřených prostorách např. kabin automobilů a letadel. Součástí práce byla také optimalizace, rozšíření a následné ověření algoritmů publikovaných v posledních letech pro měření v reálných podmínkách za použití běžně dostupných akustických snímačů.
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Čermák, Radim. "Metodika pro lokalizaci webových stránek z pohledu webdesignu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264706.
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Internet and websites are today one of the most important communication channels of almost all companies. They offer a simple, fast and effective way of communication, which is also available worldwide in a few seconds. With the globalization of market, more and more companies try to expand their business beyond the territory of the home state. In the current time of start-ups is the Internet also often a medium that allows formation of new spheres of business for which the website is absolutely essential channel. This type of business is internet based and has very often international ambitions from the very beginning. Given that each country (or region) can be seen as distinctive culture, it is advisable to locate websites for the needs of the foreign country. This is exactly the theme of this thesis. The concrete objective of this thesis is to offer a methodology for website localization in terms of webdesign. The basic building block is the delimitation of a multidisciplinary theoretical framework that examines the concept of culture and extensive literature review allowing current insight into the linking of website and culture, i.e. cultural website localization. Suitable method for gripping such a complex concept as a culture emerge from a theoretical framework as well. As the most appropriate method were determined Hofstedes cultural dimensions, which are then used for the analysis of cultural determination of web elements. Data collection for the purpose of analysis of web elements cultural determination is performed using a content analysis of websites from nine different countries. The results of the analysis are compared and synthesized with the findings stemming from a literature review. The final artifact of this thesis, a methodology for website localization from the perspective of web design, is based on this ground. Validation of the proposed methodology is done on the basis of assessment of the methodology for a domain of web design. This assessment is based on interviews with experts from different countries as well as presentation of concrete example of methodology use within a midsize website.
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Tallman, Nicole. "Intercultural Communication in the Global Age: Lessons Learned from French Technical Communicators." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5873.
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This thesis explores the cultural considerations American technical communicators must address when working with French colleagues and when creating technical documentation for French audiences. A review of the literature on intercultural communication theory was conducted, along with a review of the limited research on technical communication in France and the needs of French audiences. A qualitative online survey of French technical communicators was also conducted. Through this survey, French technical communicators reported on their intercultural beliefs, experiences, and practices, and information, language, and cultural needs. Survey responses were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Two main themes were developed as a result of this analysis: the importance of adapting content to French audiences, and the cultural differences between French and American information needs and communication styles. Survey findings were combined with theoretical and practical literature to offer American technical communicators guidance for successful intercultural interactions. This thesis concludes with suggestions for future practice and research in intercultural technical communication.<br>M.A.<br>Masters<br>English<br>Arts and Humanities<br>English; Technical Communications
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Burlot, Franck. "Le fonctionnement sémantique des verbes de position en russe contemporain : stojatʹ, sidetʹ, ležatʹ". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040106/document.
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Les verbes de position sont décrits du point de vue d'une invariance mise au point pour chacun d'entre eux en fonction de la diversité des contextes dans laquelle on les trouve. Cela conduit d'une part à considérer que dans certains contextes leur sens n'est pas inutile au contenu informatif de l'énoncé et qu'il n'est pas équivalent à celui d'un verbe d'existence. Au contraire, l'emploi d'un verbe de position par un locuteur correspond à un choix motivé par la désignation de quelque chose de plus que l'être ou la présence du sujet. D'autre part, cette invariance mène à distinguer clairement le fonctionnement sémantique de chacun de ces verbes alors qu'ils semblent entrer en concurrence lorsqu'ils apparaissent dans des contextes visiblement similaires<br>Posture verbs are described from the perspective of an invariance developed for each of them according to the diversity of the contexts where they can be found. It conduces, on the one hand, to consider that in some contexts their meaning is not ancillary to the informative content of the statement, and that it is not equivalent to the meaning of a being verb. In fact, the use of a posture verb by a speaker refers to a choice motivated by something more than the being or the presence of the subject. On the other hand, this invariance facilitates clear distinction of the semantical function of each of these verbs, while they may seem to have the same meaning, when they occur in contexts which seem similar at first glance
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Konlambigue, Kangbéni Djotiname. "Conception d'un système de localisation à l'intérieur de bâtiments par vision monoculaire embarquée." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR022.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif la conception d’un système de localisation à l’intérieur de bâtiments. A ciel dégagé, le système de localisation presque incontournable est le GPS (Global Positioning System). En captant des signaux provenant d’au moins quatre satellites du réseau GPS en orbite, un récepteur GPS procède par triangulation et estime sa position, qu’il soit sur terre, sur mer ou dans les airs. Le GPS permet de déterminer la position de n’importe quel récepteur placé en visibilité du réseau de satellites et un défaut de cette visibilité conduit généralement à une localisation erronée, voire impossible ; ce qui est le cas à l’intérieur de bâtiments. L’intérêt grandissant pour les services d’aide à la navigation des personnes et des biens dans les grandes surfaces fermées telles que les hôpitaux, les aéroports et centres commerciaux par exemple a suscité le besoin de système de localisation fiable et fonctionnel en environnement fermé. Pour répondre à cette problématique, plusieurs solutions ont été proposées. Une des approches les plus répandues pour faire de la localisation en environnement fermé est celle basée sur le réseau WiFi. En mesurant la force des signaux émis par les différents points d’accès, ce type de système est capable de trianguler la position d’un récepteur. Néanmoins, un des principaux inconvénients de cette approche est qu’elle nécessite de déployer un réseau de points d’accès avec les différents coûts que l’on connaît tels que ceux liés à la maintenance du système. Dans cette thèse, le système que nous proposons est basé sur la vision par ordinateur. Pour être localisé, l’utilisateur prend une photo de son environnement et indexe une base de données d’images géoréférencées. Cette indexation consiste en une comparaison de caractéristiques extraites des différentes images par le biais d’algorithmes de vision tels l’algorithme SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform). En comparaison avec le système par WiFi, nous proposons un système (presque) purement logiciel, qui ne nécessite donc aucun déploiement et donc pas de coûts liés à la maintenance<br>This thesis aims at the design of an indoor localization system. Outdoors, the almost unavoidable localization system is GPS (Global Positionning System). By receiving signals from at least four satellites from the GPS network orbiting, a GPC receiver triangulates and estimates its position, whether on land, at sea or in the air. GPS makes it possible to determine the position of any receiver placed in visibility of the satellite network and the defect in this visibility generally leads to an erroneous or even impossible localization ; which is the case in indoor environment. The growing interest in navigation assistance services for people and goods in large indoor areas such as hospitals, airports and shopping malls for example has created the need for a reliable and functional tracking system for indoor environment. To respond to this problem, several solutions have been proposed. One of the most popular approaches to localization in indoor environment is that based on the WiFi network. By measuring the strength of the signals emitted by the various access points, this type of system is able to triangulate the position of a receiver. However, one of the main drawbacks of this approach is that it requires deploying a network of access points with the various known costs such as those related tosystem maintenance. In this thesis, the system we propose is based on computer vision. To be located, the user takes a photo of their surroundings and indexes a databasz of georeferenced images. This indexing consists in a comparison of features extracted from the different images using computer vision algorithms such as the SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) algorithm. In comparison with the WiFi system, we offer (almost) a pure software system, which does not require any deployment and therefore no maintenance costs
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Cabillic, Marine. "Caractérisation de l'organisation et du trafic de paires récepteur/anticorps thérapeutiques par microscopie de localisation de molécules uniques couplée au criblage à haut débit." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0026.
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L'immuno-oncologie est un domaine en pleine expansion, à la frontière de la thérapie du cancer. Les immunothérapies du cancer visent à stimuler le système immunitaire de l'organisme pour qu'il cible et attaque la tumeur, grâce à des anticorps thérapeutiques. Ces anticorps se lient spécifiquement aux récepteurs membranaires des cellules T, lymphocytes jouant un rôle central dans la réponse immunitaire, modifiant leur signalisation intracellulaire. Comprendre comment l'organisation spatiale des récepteurs et des protéines de signalisation est régulée, et comment elle détermine l'activation des lymphocytes, est devenu le "Saint Graal" de l'immunologie cellulaire. Dans cette optique, une meilleure compréhension des fonctions des anticorps et du trafic intracellulaire associé, permettrait d’expliciter les différences d’efficacité des candidats thérapeutiques ciblant les récepteurs d'intérêt. La microscopie de super-résolution permet l’accès à l'organisation et la dynamique des récepteurs membranaires avec des résolutions nanométrique. Elle offre la capacité de révéler des informations sur les évènements précoces déclenchés par la liaison d’un anticorps à son récepteur, permettant à terme l’optimisation de leur efficacité fonctionnelle. Associée aux techniques de criblage à haut débit, elle a le potentiel de jouer un rôle prépondérant dans les phases précoces des projets où il est nécessaire de sélectionner les meilleurs anticorps issus de banques pouvant en compter plusieurs centaines.L'objectif de cette thèse CIFRE a été de caractériser fonctionnellement l'organisation et le trafic de paires récepteur/anticorps par l’association de méthodes de microscopie super-résolution par localisation de molécules individuelles (SMLM) et de criblage à haut débit (HCS). Dans ce contexte, nous avons mis au point et utilisé une plateforme permettant de caractériser différents anticorps thérapeutiques ciblant des récepteurs de cellules T, dans le but de recueillir des informations quantitatives sur les candidats thérapeutiques potentiels. Nous avons également optimisé la technique d'imagerie à feuille de lumière simple objectif (soSPIM) dans le but de pouvoir réaliser une cartographie 3D des récepteurs membranaires sur d'une cellule T entière avec une résolution nanométrique. Cette nouvelle approche permet l'imagerie de cellules T dans des conditions plus physiologiques, fournissant des informations complémentaires par rapport aux expériences de criblage à grande échelle. Ces deux techniques nous ont permis d’améliorer notre compréhension du mode d'action des anticorps sur les récepteurs au niveau de la cellule unique. Les expériences à grande échelle réalisées dans le cadre de ce travail ont nécessité plusieurs développements logiciels pour l'automatisation de l'acquisition et l'analyse statistique des Téraoctets de données de molécules individuelles générées. Ce projet de thèse s'est concentré sur la cible PD-1, un point de contrôle crucial du système immunitaire impliqué dans la modulation de l'activation des lymphocytes. La première partie de la thèse a été principalement consacrée à la mise en place de nouveaux protocoles pour l'imagerie de super-résolution des récepteurs PD-1 sur cellules Jurkat activées. La seconde partie concerne l’étude de l'impact d’anticorps thérapeutiques anti-PD-1 utilisés en routine en clinique, sur l'organisation spatiale et la dynamique des récepteurs PD-1 sur cellules vivantes, à l’échelle nanométrique. Ce travail est la preuve concept de l’utilité de ces outils d’imagerie de pointe pour la caractérisation quantitative d’anticorps monoclonaux thérapeutiques ciblant PD-1 à la membrane des cellules T<br>Immuno-oncology is a young and growing field at the frontier of cancer therapy. Immuno-oncology therapies aim to stimulate the body's immune system to target and attack the tumor through therapeutic antibodies, by binding and modifying the intracellular signaling of T-cells (lymphocytes playing a central role in the immune response) surface receptors. Understanding how the spatial organization of receptors and signaling proteins is regulated and how it determines lymphocyte activation and cell fate decisions has become a ‘holy grail’ for cellular immunology. To achieve this goal, a better comprehension of antibodies functions and subcellular trafficking is requested to explain the differential efficacies of therapeutic candidates targeting receptors of interest. Quantitative super-resolution microscopy provides access to the nanoscale organization of membrane receptors playing a physiological role. It offers a new investigation tool for antibody optimization as well as maximizing their functional efficacy. In combination with high throughput screening techniques, it has the potential to play a crucial role in the early phases of projects in which it is necessary to select the best antibodies from banks that may contain several hundred of them. The goal of this PhD thesis was to functionally characterize receptor/antibodies pairs organization and trafficking by quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) combined with high content screening (HCS). In this context, we have developed and used an HCS-SMLM platform to characterize multiple antibodies targeting T-cell membrane receptors, allowing gathering unprecedented quantitative insight of potential therapeutic candidates. We also optimized the single objective light-sheet microscope (soSPIM) to permit 3D mapping of membrane receptors across an entire T-cell, with single molecule resolution. It allows 3D nanoscale imaging of T-cells in more physiological conditions, and provide complementary information compared to large scale single molecule screening experiments. Altogether, these developments improved our comprehension of antibody mode of action on receptors at the single cell level. Large-scale experiments performed during this work required the development of several software for the automation of the acquisition and the statistical analysis of the Terabytes of single molecule data generated.This project is focused on targeting PD-1, a control point of the immune system involved in the modulation of immune cells activation. The first part of the thesis was mainly devoted to the implementation of new protocols for PD-1 receptors super-resolution imaging on activated Jurkat cells. In the second part, we further investigated the impact of known anti-PD-1 therapeutic antibodies used in clinics, on the nanoscale spatial organization and dynamics of PD-1 receptors in living cells using our HCS-SMLM platform. This work provides the proof of concept of the capacity of these cutting-edge imaging techniques to characterize quantitatively different therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 on T-cell membrane
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Buck, Dietrich. "Mechanics of Cross-Laminated Timber." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Träteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68729.
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Increasing awareness of sustainable building materials has led to interest in enhancing the structural performance of engineered wood products. Wood is a sustainable, renewable material, and the increasing use of wood in construction contributes to its sustainability. Multi-layer wooden panels are one type of engineered wood product used in construction. There are various techniques to assemble multi-layer wooden panels into prefabricated, load-bearing construction elements. Assembly techniques considered in the earliest stages of this research work were laminating, nailing, stapling, screwing, stress laminating, doweling, dovetailing, and wood welding. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) was found to offer some advantages over these other techniques. It is cost-effective, not patented, offers freedom of choice regarding the visibility of surfaces, provides the possibility of using different timber quality in the same panel at different points of its thickness, and is the most well-established assembly technique currently used in the industrial market. Building upon that foundational work, the operational capabilities of CLT were further evaluated by creating panels with different layer orientations. The mechanical properties of CLT panels constructed with layers angled in an alternative configuration produced on a modified industrial CLT production line were evaluated. Timber lamellae were adhesively bonded in a single-step press procedure to form CLT panels. Transverse layers were laid at a 45° angle instead of the conventional 90° angle with respect to the longitudinal layers’ 0° angle. Tests were carried out on 40 five-layered CLT panels, each with either a ±45° or a 90° configuration. Half of these panels were evaluated under bending: out-of-plane loading was applied in the principal orientation of the panels via four-point bending. The other twenty were evaluated under compression: an in-plane uniaxial compressive loading was applied in the principal orientation of the panels. Quasi-static loading conditions were used for both in- and out-of-plane testing to determine the extent to which the load-bearing capacity of such panels could be enhanced under the current load case. Modified CLT showed higher stiffness, strength, and fifth-percentile characteristics, values that indicate the load-bearing capacity of these panels as a construction material. Failure modes under in- and out-of-plane loading for each panel type were also assessed. Data from out-of-plane loading were further analysed. A non-contact full-field measurement and analysis technique based on digital image correlation (DIC) was utilised for analysis at global and local scales. DIC evaluation of 100 CLT layers showed that a considerable part of the stiffness of conventional CLT is reduced by the shear resistance of its transverse layers. The presence of heterogeneous features, such as knots, has the desirable effect of reducing the propagation of shear fraction along the layers. These results call into question the current grading criteria in the CLT standard. It is suggested that the lower timber grading limit be adjusted for increased value-yield. The overall experimental results suggest the use of CLT panels with a ±45°-layered configuration for construction. They also motivate the use of alternatively angled layered panels for more construction design freedom, especially in areas that demand shear resistance. In addition, the design possibility that such 45°-configured CLT can carry a given load while using less material than conventional CLT suggests the potential to use such panels in a wider range of structural applications. The results of test production revealed that 45°-configured CLT can be industrially produced without using more material than is required for construction of conventional 90°-configured panels. Based on these results, CLT should be further explored as a suitable product for use in more wooden-panel construction.<br><p>External cooperation: Martinson Group AB and Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE)</p>
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Maier, Georg. "Vermessung von kraniofazialen Knochenimplantaten im Rinderknochenphantom mit einem mobilen Computertomografen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15255.
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Im Berliner Zentrum für Craniofaciale Fehlbildungen in der Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie- Klinische Navigation und Robotik der Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum in Berlin wird der mobile CT Philips Tomoscan M in die Implantation von extraoralen kraniofazialen Knochenankern zur Epithesenfixierung eingebunden. Es stellt sich dabei die Frage nach der Ortstreue und Dimensionstreue von knöchernen Strukturen und extraoralen kraniofazialen Implantaten im CT. Ein Knochenphantom dient der Vermessung von Lochpaaren verschiedener Abstände, einer Knochenschraube, eines Abutments und eines Magneten unter variierten Scanparametern durch Werkzeuge der Scannerkonsole. Die Ortstreue von Löchern und Implantaten liegt in >99% im Intervall ±0,2mm. Fenstereinstellungen haben einen geringen Einfluss auf Lochabstände. Lochdurchmesser zeigen unter Anhebung des Window Level (WL) Korrelation (r2=0,776) und eine lineare Größenzunahme bei maßstabgerechter Skalierung, variieren aber wenig unter Variation der Window Width (WW). Alle Implantate werden zu groß abgebildet, außer in extremen Fenstereinstellungen. Implantatdimensionen nehmen bei maßstabgerechter Skalierung mit höheren WL linear ab. Die Variabilität der Darstellung nimmt mit dichterem Implantatmaterial ab. Kontaktflächen von Implantaten mit Gewebe sind im CT nicht beurteilbar.<br>In the Berlin Centre for Craniofacial Malformations at the Clinic for Oromaxillofacial Surgery of the Charité, Campus Virchow- Clinic in Berlin, a mobile CT Scanner Philips Tomoscan M is integrated into the process of extraoral bone anchor implantation for prosthesis fixture. With implementation of the scanner, accuracy of localisation and dimensional accuracy of bony structures and implants have been questioned. A bone phantom is used for measuring distances between holes, hole diameters and dimensions of an implant fixture, an abutment and a magnet with measuring tools of the scanner under variation of scan parameters. Localisation accuracy of holes and implants is found in >99% within ±0.2mm. Window settings have little influence on hole distances. Diameters show linear growth at standardized scaling and correlation with window level augmentation (r2=.776). Little Variation of diameters is found with variation of window width. All Implants are magnified. Implant dimensions diminish with window level augmentation at standardized scaling. Variability of dimension decreases with more radio opaque implant material. Implant contact with tissues cannot be assessed in CT scans.
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Amadou, Kountché Djibrilla. "Localisation dans les bâtiments des personnes handicapées et classification automatique de données par fourmis artificielles." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4021/document.
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Le concept du « smart » envahit de plus en plus notre vie quotidienne. L’exemple type est sans doute le smartphone. Celui-ci est devenu au fil des ans un appareil incontournable. Bientôt, c’est la ville, la voiture, la maison qui seront « intelligentes ». L’intelligence se manifeste par une capacité d’interaction et de prise de décision entre l’environnement et l’utilisateur. Ceci nécessite des informations sur les changements d’états survenus des deux côtés. Les réseaux de capteurs permettent de collecter ces données, de leur appliquer des pré-traitements et de les transmettre aux applications. Ces réseaux de par certaines de leurs caractéristiques se rapprochent de l’intelligence collective, dans le sens, où des entités de faibles capacités se coordonnent automatiquement, sans intervention humaine, de façon décentralisée et distribuée pour accomplir des tâches complexes. Ces méthodes bio-inspirées ont servi à la résolution de plusieurs problèmes, surtout l’optimisation, ce qui nous a encouragé à étudier la possibilité de les utiliser pour les problèmes liés à l’Ambient Assisted Living ou AAL et à la classification automatique de données. L’AAL est un sous-domaine des services dits basés sur le contexte, et a pour objectifs de faciliter la vie des personnes âgées et handicapées dans leurs défis quotidiens. Pour ce faire, il détermine le contexte et, sur cette base, propose divers services. Deux éléments du contexte nous ont intéressé : le handicap et la position. Bien que la détermination de la position (localisation, positionnement) se fasse à l’extérieur des bâtiments avec des précisions très satisfaisantes, elle rencontre plusieurs difficultés à l’intérieur des bâtiments, liées à la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques dans les milieux difficiles, aux coûts des systèmes, à l’interopérabilité, etc. Nos travaux se sont intéressés au positionnement des personnes handicapées à l’intérieur de bâtiments en utilisant un réseau de capteurs afin de déterminer les caractéristiques de l’onde électromagnétique (puissance, temps, angle) pour estimer la position par méthodes géométriques (triangulation, latération), méthodes de fingerprinting (k plus proches voisins), par des filtres baysiens (filtre de Kalman). L’application est d’offrir des services types AAL tel que la navigation. Nous avons élargi la notion de réseau de capteurs pour prendre en compte tout appareil capable d’émettre et de recevoir une onde électromagnétique et se trouvant dans l’environnement. Nous avons aussi appliqué l’algorithme API sur la classification automatique de données. Enfin, nous avons proposé une architecture à middleware pour la localisation indoor<br>The concept of « smart » invades more and more our daily life. A typical example is the smartphone, which becames by years an essential device. Soon, it’s the city, the car and the home which will become « smart ». The intelligence is manifested by the ability for the environment to interact and to take decisons in its relationships with users and other environments. This needs information on state changes occurred on both sides. Sensor networks allow to collect these data, to apply on them some pre-processings and to transmit them. Sensor network, towards some of their caracteristics are closed to Swarm Intelligence in the sense that small entities with reduced capababilities can cooperate automatically, in unattended, decentralised and distributed manner in order to accomplish complex tasks. These bio-inspired methods have served as basis for the resolution of many problems, mostly optimization and this insipired us to apply them on problems met in Ambient Assisted Living and on the data clustering problem. AAL is a sub-field of context-aware services, and its goals are to facilitate the everyday life of elderly and disable people. These systems determine the context and then propose different kind of services. We have used two important elements of the context : the position and the disabilty. Although positioning has very good precision outdoor, it faces many challenges in indoor environments due to the electromagnetic wave propagation in harsh conditions, the cost of systems, interoperabilty, etc. Our works have been involved in positioning disabled people in indoor environment by using wireless sensor network for determining the caracteristics of the electromagnetic wave (signal strenght, time, angle) for estimating the position by geometric methods (triangulation, lateration), fingerprinting methods (k-nearest neighbours), baysiens filters (Kalman filter). The application is to offer AAL services like navigation. Therefore we extend the definition of sensor node to take into account any device, in the environment, capable of emiting and receiving a signal. Also, we have studied the possibility of using Pachycondylla Apicalis for data clustering and for indoor localization by casting this last problem as data clustering problem. Finally we have proposed a system based on a middleware architecture
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Le, Treut Guillaume. "Models of chromosome architecture and connection with the regulation of genetic expression." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS411/document.
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Plusieurs indices suggèrent que le repliement du chromosome et la régulation de l’expression génétique sont étroitement liés. Par exemple, la co-expression d’un grand nombre de gènes est favorisée par leur rapprochement dans l’espace cellulaire. En outre, le repliement du chromosome permet de faire émerger des structures fonctionnelles. Celles-ci peuvent être des amas condensés et fibrillaires, interdisant l’accès à l’ADN, ou au contraire des configurations plus ouvertes de l’ADN avec quelques amas globulaires, comme c’est le cas avec les usines de transcription. Bien que dissemblables au premier abord, de telles structures sont rendues possibles par l’existence de protéines bivalentes, capable d’apparier des régions parfois très éloignées sur la séquence d’ADN. Le système physique ainsi constitué du chromosome et de protéines bivalentes peut être très complexe. C’est pourquoi les mécanismes régissant le repliement du chromosome sont restés majoritairement incompris.Nous avons étudié des modèles d’architecture du chromosome en utilisant le formalisme de la physique statistique. Notre point de départ est la représentation du chromosome sous la forme d’un polymère rigide, pouvant interagir avec une solution de protéines liantes. Les structures résultant de ces interactions ont été caractérisées à l’équilibre thermodynamique. De plus, nous avons utilisé des simulations de dynamique Brownienne en complément des méthodes théoriques, car elles permettent de prendre en considération une plus grande complexité dans les phénomènes biologiques étudiés.Les principaux aboutissements de cette thèse ont été : (i) de fournir un modèle pour l’existence des usines de transcriptions caractérisées in vivo à l’aide de microscopie par fluorescence ; (ii) de proposer une explication physique pour une conjecture portant sur un mécanisme de régulation de la transcription impliquant la formation de boucles d’ADN en tête d’épingle sous l’effet de la protéine H-NS, qui a été émise suite à l’observation de ces boucles au microscope à force atomique ; (iii) de proposer un modèle du chromosome qui reproduise les contacts mesurés à l’aide des techniques Hi-C. Les conséquences de ces mécanismes sur la régulation de la transcription ont été systématiquement discutées<br>Increasing evidences suggest that chromosome folding and genetic expression are intimately connected. For example, the co-expression of a large number of genes can benefit from their spatial co-localization in the cellular space. Furthermore, functional structures can result from the particular folding of the chromosome. These can be rather compact bundle-like aggregates that prevent the access to DNA, or in contrast, open coil configurations with several (presumably) globular clusters like transcription factories. Such phenomena have in common to result from the binding of divalent proteins that can bridge regions sometimes far away on the DNA sequence. The physical system consisting of the chromosome interacting with divalent proteins can be very complex. As such, most of the mechanisms responsible for chromosome folding and for the formation of functional structures have remained elusive.Using methods from statistical physics, we investigated models of chromosome architecture. A common denominator of our approach has been to represent the chromosome as a polymer with bending rigidity and consider its interaction with a solution of DNA-binding proteins. Structures entailed by the binding of such proteins were then characterized at the thermodynamical equilibrium. Furthermore, we complemented theoretical results with Brownian dynamics simulations, allowing to reproduce more of the biological complexity.The main contributions of this thesis have been: (i) to provide a model for the existence of transcrip- tion factories characterized in vivo with fluorescence microscopy; (ii) to propose a physical basis for a conjectured regulatory mechanism of the transcription involving the formation of DNA hairpin loops by the H-NS protein as characterized with atomic-force microscopy experiments; (iii) to propose a physical model of the chromosome that reproduces contacts measured in chromosome conformation capture (CCC) experiments. Consequences on the regulation of transcription are discussed in each of these studies
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Varshavsky, Alexander. "Using Ambient Radio Environment to Support Practical Pervasive Computing." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17258.
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Mobile applications can benefit from increased awareness of the device's context. Unfortunately, existing solutions for inferring context require special purpose sensors or beacons on the mobile devices or in the physical environment. This requirement significantly limits the deployment of these solutions. In this thesis, I argue that mobile devices can infer a substantial amount of their context by leveraging their existing wireless interfaces to monitor ambient radio sources, such as GSM cell towers or WiFi access points. I focus on two important problems in context-aware computing: localization of mobile devices and detecting proximity between mobile devices for authentication purposes. Specifically, I present an accurate localization system based on fingerprinting of GSM signals. I show that the key to more accurate GSM localization is the use of wide signal strength fingerprints that include readings from a large number of base stations. Next, I present a method that addresses the key drawback of fingerprint-based localization systems - the need to collect extensive measurements to train the system in every target environment. Finally, I show how radio environment sensing can be used to secure the communication of devices that come within close proximity. Removing the need for additional hardware on the mobile devices and in the physical environment renders the approach that I present amenable for widespread deployment.
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Chiang, Yi Ching, and 蔣逸青. "The Impacts of Intergroup Contacts on the Localization of Taiwanese Immigrants in China: The Study of Dongguan and Shanghai." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87085891889061621777.
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碩士<br>國立政治大學<br>東亞研究所<br>97<br>The theory of intergroup contact maintains that the key to reduce intergroup prejudice is through contacts between the groups under optimal conditions. The main concerns of this dissertation are as following: Would it be possible for Taiwanese to reduce their prejudice toward Chinese through intergroup contacts? And, would the intergroup contacts help Taiwanese immigrants integrate into local community? Grounding on these two questions, this dissertation examines the impacts of intergroup contact between Taiwanese and Chinese through field study in Dongguan and Shanghai from 2007 to 2008. After interviewing thirty Taiwanese immigrants, my empirical research suggests that the contact process can be divided into three stages. First, at the earliest stage, by contacting more and more local residents, Taiwanese immigrants would reduce their prejudice and thus cultivate a sometimes positive and sometimes negative attitude toward Chinese. At the second stage, the attitude cultivated in earlier stage turns into the schema and then plays an important role in conditioning sequent contacts: those who have a positive attitude would open up and get along with local Chinese while those who have a negative attitude would refuse to get in touch with Chinese. At the third and final stage, those who open themselves up would have sympathetic understanding of local culture and adapt to local community gradually while those who refuse to contact Chinese would have difficulties integrating into local community.
Keywords: intergroup contact, localization, social identity, Taishang Study
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Mehta, Abhijit C. "Zigzag Phase Transition in Quantum Wires and Localization in the Inhomogeneous One-Dimensional Electron Gas." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7191.
Full textAbstract:
<p>In this work, we study two important themes in the physics of the interacting one-dimensional (1D) electron gas: the transition from one-dimensional to higher dimensional behavior, and the role of inhomogeneity. The interplay between interactions, reduced dimensionality, and inhomogeneity drives a rich variety of phenomena in mesoscopic physics. In 1D, interactions fundamentally alter the nature of the electron gas, and the homogeneous 1D electron gas is described by Luttinger Liquid theory. We use Quantum Monte Carlo methods to study two situations that are beyond Luttinger Liquid theory --- the quantum phase transition from a linear 1D electron system to a quasi-1D zigzag arrangement, and electron localization in quantum point contacts. </p><p>Since the interacting electron gas has fundamentally different behavior in one dimension than in higher dimensions, the transition from 1D to higher dimensional behavior is of both practical and theoretical interest. We study the first stage in such a transition; the quantum phase transition from a 1D linear arrangement of electrons in a quantum wire to a quasi-1D zigzag configuration, and then to a liquid-like phase at higher densities. As the density increases from its lowest values, first, the electrons form a linear Wigner crystal; then, the symmetry about the axis of the wire is broken as the electrons order in a quasi-1D zigzag phase; and, finally, the electrons form a disordered liquid-like phase. We show that the linear to zigzag phase transition occurs even in narrow wires with strong quantum fluctuations, and that it has characteristics which are qualitatively different from the classical transition.</p><p>Experiments in quantum point contacts (QPC's) show an unexplained feature in the conductance known as the ``0.7 Effect''. The presence of the 0.7 effect is an indication of the rich physics present in inhomogeneous systems, and we study electron localization in quantum point contacts to evaluate several different proposed mechanisms for the 0.7 effect. We show that electrons form a Wigner crystal in a 1D constriction; for sharp constriction potentials the localized electrons are separated from the leads by a gap in the density, while for smoother potentials, the Wigner crystal is smoothly connected to the leads. Isolated bound states can also form in smooth constrictions if they are sufficiently long. We thus show that localization can occur in QPC's for a variety of potential shapes and at a variety of electron densities. These results are consistent with the idea that the 0.7 effect and bound states observed in quantum point contacts are two distinct phenomena.</p><br>Dissertation
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Rosa, Mariana Nascimento dos Santos. "A Tradução, Localização e Dobragem de Videojogos em Portugal: primeiro contacto com o mercado através de um estágio na empresa BlueLab — Produções de Audiovisuais." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/109805.
Full textAbstract:
Este relatório reflete os objetivos visados pela estagiária ao optar pela presente modalidade de estágio curricular: compreender o funcionamento de uma empresa de localização, tradução e gravação de conteúdos; entender quais as funções desempenhadas por um tradutor numa empresa deste género, assim como os diferentes tipos de tradução que são realizados pelo mesmo; e ainda observar como são adaptadas as traduções para a gravação em áudio. Para além da caracterização da empresa, o relatório descreve as tarefas realizadas durante o estágio e foca-se posteriormente em dois tópicos em particular: as especificidades e dificuldades da tradução e localização de videojogos e o processo de adaptação para a gravação em áudio.<br>This report reflects the objectives pursued by the trainee when opting for the present modality of curricular internship: to understand the functioning of a localization, translation and recording company; to become aware of the functions a translator fulfils in such a company, as well as the different types of translation that are performed by same; and also to examine how translations are adapted for audio recording. In addition to the characterization of the company, the report describes the tasks carried out during the internship and focuses on two topics in particular: the specificities and difficulties of translating and localizing video games and the adaptation process for recording in audio.
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Abreu, Ana Patrícia Pestana de. "Localização de conteúdos: experiência de estágio na Bloomidea." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/41608.
Full textAbstract:
Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Tradução e Comunicação Multilingue<br>Este relatório de estágio pretende analisar o estágio curricular desenvolvido no âmbito do 2º ano do Mestrado em Tradução e Comunicação Multilingue. Esta atividade curricular teve a duração de quatro meses e decorreu nas instalações da empresa Bloomidea, localizada em Braga, consistindo, principalmente na tradução de conteúdos para aplicações mobile e para sítios web, de português para espanhol.
No primeiro capítulo deste relatório apresentaremos o enquadramento teórico, com algumas noções de tradução e localização. Mais adiante iremos abordar a metodologia de trabalho, descrevendo as teorias que serviram de base ao trabalho aqui desenvolvido, concluindo com a relevância da Internet e das CAT Tools como ferramentas de trabalho. Concluída esta parte, iniciaremos a apresentação da entidade acolhedora, seguida de uma análise do fluxo de trabalho, onde se indicam alguns dos problemas da tradução que surgiram ao longo do estágio.
Finalmente, serão expostas as conclusões finais relacionadas com o estágio curricular e com o trabalho desenvolvido neste relatório.<br>This report aims to describe the internship carried out during the second year of the Master’s Degree in Translation and Multilingual Communication. This exercise took place in a company called Bloomidea for four months. The main task consisted in the translation (from Portuguese to Spanish) of contents specifically developed for mobile applications and webpages.
In the first chapter of this paper, we will introduce the theoretical framework which will include some basic notions about Translation and Localization. We will then address the working process by depicting the theories that served as the basis of the work developed. After this we will discuss the use of Internet and CAT Tools as important woking tools. Once this is finalized, we will present the welcoming entity, followed by the workflow analysis, where the problems that occurred during this internship will be delineated. Finally, we will outline the final conclusions related to the internship and the work executed in this assignment.
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Costa, André Oliveira Fernandes. "Redação, revisão, tradução e localização de conteúdos na plataforma ConstruSpace." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/64365.
Full textAbstract:
Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Tradução e Comunicação Multilingue<br>Este relatório de estágio apresenta as atividades de tradução, localização e redação realizadas durante o estágio curricular na empresa ConstruSpace, que embora ainda se encontre em fase de desenvolvimento conta com uma equipa extremamente motivada e inovadora. O seu objetivo é mudar a forma como são realizados vários processos na construção civil, tornando-os mais eficientes e aumentando a produtividade das equipas.
No presente relatório, inicialmente será realizada uma revisão da literatura separando tradução e redação. Na parte dedicada à tradução serão abordados conceitos como globalização, localização, tecnologias de informação, perspetiva cultural e gestão de projetos. Na parte dedicada à redação será realizada uma reflexão acerca dos conceitos de comunicação estratégica e marketing digital, os quais foram importantes para a redação de conteúdos web. De seguida é realizada uma breve apresentação da empresa e são exploradas as metodologias de trabalho aplicadas e as ferramentas utilizadas. É dentro desta secção que serão discutidos os aspetos que regem o conceito inovador de revisão auditiva e a sua utilidade para um tradutor profissional durante o processo de revisão.
Este estágio foi uma ótima oportunidade para testar os limites da revisão auditiva em várias línguas. Inicialmente apenas apliquei este método para rever textos escritos em português e os resultados foram excelentes. No entanto, o mesmo não se verificou durante o estágio na aplicação deste método para revisão de textos em língua inglesa e espanhola. Ainda assim, foi possível concluir que a sua utilização pode aumentar exponencialmente a eficiência de um tradutor quando utilizado na sua língua nativa. Os testes realizados com os materiais produzidos no estágio não tiveram os melhores resultados devido à prática de tradução inversa de português para inglês e espanhol.
Por último, será realizada uma análise geral do trabalho e do impacto da tradução de conteúdos no potencial de expansão mundial da empresa, e serão explorados alguns desafios e problemas causados pela tradução inversa.<br>This internship report presents all the translation, localization and writing activities conducted during the internship at ConstruSpace. The startup is still in the development phase and has a highly motivated and innovative team. Its goal is to change the way various processes are carried out in the construction sector, making them more efficient while increasing team productivity.
Initially, a literature review will be conducted separating the translation and content writing activities. The part dedicated to the translation activities will address concepts such as globalization, localization, information technologies, culture and project management. In the section dedicated to content writing there will be a reflection on the concepts of strategic communication and digital marketing, which were important for the writing activities. Next, a quick presentation of the company will be conducted, and the work methods and tools applied in each activity are explored and described. It is in this section that the innovative concept of review through hearing and its usefulness for professional translators during the review process is addressed.
This internship was a great opportunity for testing the limits of review through hearing in different languages. Initially, I started using this method to review texts written in Portuguese and the results were excellent. However, during the internship, I tried using this method for reviewing texts in English and Spanish, and the results were inferior in comparison with Portuguese. Still, it was possible to conclude that the use of this method can exponentially increase the efficiency of a translator if used in their native language. The tests conducted with the materials written and translated during the internship didn’t have the best results due to the practice of reverse translation from Portuguese into English and Spanish.
Lastly, a general analysis of the work and impact of the writing and translation activities is performed, and some challenges and problems caused by reverse translation are explored.
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Ribeiro, Alzira Maria Costa. "Tradução de websites de turismo em contexto profissional: uma experiência Erasmus na empresa Transnational Consulting, S.L." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/66995.
Full textAbstract:
Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Tradução e Comunicação Multilingue<br>O presente relatório visa descrever detalhadamente o estágio curricular realizado no âmbito do
Mestrado em Tradução e Comunicação Multilingue. Este estágio inseriu-se no programa Erasmus e foi
realizado na empresa espanhola Transnational Consulting, S.L. A decisão de realizar um estágio no
estrangeiro teve como objetivo, trabalhar num contexto profissional enquanto adquiria conhecimentos
linguísticos da língua estrangeira do país escolhido.
A realização deste estágio permitiu-me comparar diferentes metodologias de trabalho e ganhar
experiência na área de tradução para o turismo. Permitiu-me igualmente conhecer as características da
tradução neste setor e obter mais conhecimentos sobre este tema que apenas recentemente começou
a ganhar mais notoriedade, visto que é uma área que se encontra em constante expansão, assim como
os seus estudos.
A criação deste relatório tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão do trabalho realizado ao longo
dos três meses. Através de gráficos, imagens, análises detalhadas e exemplos de traduções realizadas
pretendo que este relatório ilustre, o mais claramente possível as tarefas realizadas e a evolução da
produtividade desde a primeira até à última semana.
Por fim, irei aprofundar o tema da tradução de turismo, nomeadamente para websites
turísticos, o tipo de linguagem utilizada, as principais características e lacunas existentes nesta área de
estudos da tradução. A área da Localização será igualmente abordada neste relatório, visto que nos
permite entender como a tradução para websites difere em vários aspetos da tradução técnica e
literária.<br>This report aims to describe in detail the internship carried out during the final stages of the
Master's Degree in Multilingual Translation and Communication. The internship was part of the
Erasmus Program and was carried out at the Spanish company Transnational Consulting, S.L. The
decision to undertake an internship had as its main goals to work in a professional context while
acquiring linguistic knowledge of the foreign language in question.
This internship allowed me to compare different work methodologies and gain experience in the
field of Tourism translation. It has also enabled me to draw conclusions on a subject that has only
recently begun to gain more notoriety, since it is a field that is constantly expanding, as well as its
studies.
The purpose of this report is to reflect on the work carried out over the three months of
internship and to evaluate the evolution of my performance as well as the development of skills.
Through charts, images, detailed analyses and examples of translations, the main goal of this report to
illustrate as clearly as possible the tasks performed and the evolution of productivity since the first to
the last week.
Finally, I will go into more detail about translation of tourism texts, particularly for tourist
websites, the type of language used, the main characteristics and gaps in this field of Translation
Studies. The topic of Localization will also be addressed in this report, as it allows us to understand how
website translation differs in various aspects of technical and literary translation.