Relevant bibliographies by topics / Contact measuring methods

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Contact measuring methods'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Contact measuring methods"

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Massaroni, Carlo, Andrea Nicolò, Daniela Lo Presti, Massimo Sacchetti, Sergio Silvestri, and Emiliano Schena. "Contact-Based Methods for Measuring Respiratory Rate." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040908.

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There is an ever-growing demand for measuring respiratory variables during a variety of applications, including monitoring in clinical and occupational settings, and during sporting activities and exercise. Special attention is devoted to the monitoring of respiratory rate because it is a vital sign, which responds to a variety of stressors. There are different methods for measuring respiratory rate, which can be classed as contact-based or contactless. The present paper provides an overview of the currently available contact-based methods for measuring respiratory rate. For these methods, the sensing element (or part of the instrument containing it) is attached to the subject’s body. Methods based upon the recording of respiratory airflow, sounds, air temperature, air humidity, air components, chest wall movements, and modulation of the cardiac activity are presented. Working principles, metrological characteristics, and applications in the respiratory monitoring field are presented to explore potential development and applicability for each method.
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SATO, Atsushi. "Non-contact Measuring Methods for Areal Surface Texture." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 81, no. 10 (2015): 922–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.81.922.

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Yan, Qing Dong, Cheng Liu, and Wei Wei. "Comparative Research on Contact and Non-Contact Measuring Methods of 3D Twisted Blades in a Torque Converter." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 2102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.2102.

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The contact and non-contact measuring methods were adopted to measure the twisted blades of the turbine in a casting torque converter. The curves were reconstructed using the B-spline and Bezier curve. Then the blade parameters were extracted based on the conformal transformation. Compared with the original data of the designed blades, measuring results of both methods were effective, while errors existed during both measuring processes including data missing error, measurement error and fitting error. Compared with the contact measuring method, the non-contact measuring method needed improvement because of its larger errors, which is mainly caused by the shrink and distortion of silicone rubber. But non-contact measuring method will be a trend in measurement system because of its own advantages such as expeditiousness, automation and the ability of acquiring relatively comprehensive information.
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Holland, Isabel, Nicole V. DeVille, Matthew H. E. M. Browning, Ryan M. Buehler, Jaime E. Hart, J. Aaron Hipp, Richard Mitchell, et al. "Measuring Nature Contact: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084092.

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While many studies suggest evidence for the health benefits of nature, there is currently no standardized method to measure time spent in nature or nature contact, nor agreement on how best to define nature contact in research. The purpose of this review is to summarize how nature contact has been measured in recent health research and provide insight into current metrics of exposure to nature at individual and population scales. The most common methods include surrounding greenness, questionnaires, and global positioning systems (GPS) tracking. Several national-level surveys exist, though these are limited by their cross-sectional design, often measuring only a single component of time spent in nature, and poor links to measures of health. In future research, exposure assessment combining the quantifying (e.g., time spent in nature and frequency of visits to nature) and qualifying (e.g., greenness by the normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI) and ratings on perception by individuals) aspects of current methods and leveraging innovative methods (e.g., experience sampling methods, ecological momentary assessment) will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the health effects of nature exposure and inform health policy and urban planning.
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Kaťuch, Peter, Miroslav Dovica, Stanislav Slosarč’k, and Jozef Kováč. "Comparision of Contact and Contactless Measuring Methods for Form Evaluation." Procedia Engineering 48 (2012): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.09.514.

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Yang, Jun Ru, Zhao Qian Li, and Chuan Zhen Huang. "Overview on Measuring Methods of Bond Strength of Cladding Material." Materials Science Forum 471-472 (December 2004): 630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.630.

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Bond strength is a key property to evaluate quality of cladding layer. According to the thickness of the cladding, surface cladding layer can be classified into two categories: thick and thin layer. The later is usually called thin film. Bond strength includes static and dynamic bond strength. As to thick cladding layer, main measuring methods of static bond strength are sticking extension method, interfacial indentation method, shearing method, fracture mechanics method. Contact fatigue method is the main measuring method of dynamic bond strength. As to thin film, main measuring methods of static bond strength are extension method, scratching method, indentation method, scraping method, bulge blister method, laser spallation method and so on. The main measuring methods of dynamic bond strength are facing contact rolling method and ball contact rolling method. The paper made overview on all above methods.
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Domański, Tomasz. "Examples of modern methods of measuring deformations." MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815705004.

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The work presents examples of possibilities created by multi-unit 3D correlation system. Experience is the non-contact measurement of displacement and strains of slender compression bars or tensile samples. Experimental research show that as a result of axial compression of slender elements with the length substantially exceeding the cross-sectional dimensions, element destruction occurs at loads less than the respective compressive strength, resulting in deformation of the object. We present the results of numerical analysis, compared with exercise of carrying on a test bench.
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Batanov, S. D., O. S. Starostina, and I. A. Baranova. "Non-contact methods of cattle conformation assessment using mobile measuring systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 315 (August 23, 2019): 032006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/315/3/032006.

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Mordasov, M. M., A. P. Savenkov, and K. E. Chechetov. "Non-contact methods for measuring the surface tension of liquids (review)." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 86, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-4-29-38.

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A review of non-contact methods for determining the surface tension of liquids along with analysis of the physical effects underlying them is presented. A review of non-contact methods for determining the surface tension of liquids along with analysis of the physical effects underlying them is presented. The advantages, disadvantages, possible ranges of measurements and scope of non-contact methods are discussed. Passive methods do not require any stimulation of the measurement object whereas active methods, when implemented, affect the liquid under study. Electrical, electromagnetic, acoustic, jet, and mechanical methods used for excitation of capillary waves are described in analysis of the methods based on capillary waves intended to study the properties of surface-active substances. We also considered methods based on the processes occurred in an oscillating or rotating levitating drop of liquid (containerless technology) used to study the properties of melts and methods based on local deformation of the liquid surface by the electric field, acoustic pulse, and gas jet. It is shown that aerodynamic methods based on deformation of the liquid surface under control by a gas stream are the most promising for standard laboratory conditions. It is noted that containerless methods should be used in zero gravity tests, whereas the methods based on capillary waves or deformation of the liquid surface with a focused acoustic pulse appeared useful in testing inviscid liquids. Methods based on electrical deformation of the liquid surface under control are limited with the thickness of the liquid layer, relatively high sensitivity to the density and dielectric constant of the liquid, and some other uncontrolled factors. It was also noted that aerodynamic non-contact method of the surface tension determination is characterized by low sensitivity to the density and viscosity of the controlled liquid. The presented review of non-contact methods of the surface tension determination provides optimal choice of the method most suited for solving specific measurement problems.
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Shang, Xiao Mei, Jie Chen, and Zhong Yi Wang. "Stability and Correlation Analysis of Data Obtained by Contact and Non-Contact Measuring Body." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.600.

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Today, high technology is transforming traditional industry. The science, suitable measuring technique and data application method are the basis of large-scale manufacture realizing, which not only meet individual consumer demand, but also are meaningful to raise the economic efficiency and reduce production cycle of custom-made. Custom-made enterprise always has its own contact measuring method and mechanism, which uses uniform size clothing to wear or measurement by manual re-confirm to obtain data.The efficiency of this method is low and its accuracy is poor. But non-contact measuring method has problems in application of equipment and can not completely replace manual operation. How make manual measuring method and laser measuring instruments work together to get data is the demand of practical management and production improvement in enterprise, but there is no data standard between the two methods. This research based on national size standard and professional normative measuring method, and used manual and three-dimensional laser measuring ways to collect sample data in identical situation. Under designed data standard, the research used mathematical statistics to analyse data, and then made comprehensive assessment in aspects of instrumental stability and data correlation. This paper is the case of practical application, among which used to study the tolerance range of the standard data was initial issue (sci-tech novelty report was attached).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contact measuring methods"

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Novotný, Jan. "Návrh specielního měřicího zařízení pro kontrolu sražení hran." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231657.

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This diploma thesis consist of basic overview of contact and non-contact measuring methods used at present days across industrial Applications. On the base of given specification for designing of measuring station for measuring chamfer of rotary components The choice and evaluation of theoretical applicability for our application is performed. In the practical part of this diploma thesis The applicability is verified. Performance of these a few exemplary measuring shows possible way of design of constructional solution. All this in a close cooperation with company MESING.
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Horáček, Kryštof. "Aplikace měřicích sond v procesu frézování na CNC stroji MCV1210." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400954.

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This diploma thesis focuses on the application of measuring probes in the machining process. The main goal of the thesis is to create sample procedures for measuring cycles and functions in a CNC machining process using MCV 1210 and selected measuring software. In the first part of the thesis available methods of machine measurement are outlined with a great emphasis on the description of measurement principles, construction, and measurement signal transmission methods between tool probes and the workpiece. The second part of the thesis deals with the application of measuring probes in the machining of the designed test piece using the Productivity+TM and Sinumerik ShopMill softwares. The work also includes an economic evaluation of the profit of an investment in the mentioned measuring equipment.
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Valenta, Jakub. "Vývoj metody pro hodnocení režimu mazání ve valivém ložisku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417738.

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The aim of this master’s thesis is to develop measuring methods for evaluation of the lubrication regime in a rolling bearing. The first part of thesis maps several measuring methods according to which the lubrication mode can be evaluated. Based on the assessment of this part, electrical monitoring methods were selected. For application of these methods was constructed testing device with rolling bearing. Specific measuring chains based on selected methods were designed and verified by using initial tests on a ball-on-disk tribometer. According to the results of these initial measurements was selected and applied suitable measuring chain to the selected test device. In the end, there was a successful measuring the lubrication parameter on the rolling bearing. Additionally, other tests dealing with the influence of temperature and type of oil on the measurement itself were performed.
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Mete, Melisa. "Measuring brand image : personification and non-personification methods." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/measuring-brand-image-personification-and-nonpersonification-methods(8b596bc8-b6fc-4b96-8e66-40f052b46399).html.

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There are several approaches to brand image measurement. The main aim of this thesis is to understand which of the two most common approaches, namely the personification and the direct approach, should be preferred. The personification approach adopts the brand = person metaphor (if the brand came to life as a person would s/he be trustworthy?), while the direct approach simply asks 'Do you think this brand is trustworthy?'. The main method used is to compare their explanations of typical outcomes (dependent variables) in a series of online surveys. Two different dimensions of brand image (warmth and competence) are considered for different types of brand (product, employer and corporate). The thesis uses the 'journal ready format' where a series of related papers form the main part of the work. This thesis adopts a quantitative approach and presents the results from four empirical studies. To compare the two approaches to brand image measurement, Study I (Journal Article I) compared two types of brands (product and corporate) and the two types of brand image measurement approach. In Study II and Study III (Journal Article II), the context was shifted to employer branding, when comparing the two approaches. The analysis of the first and the second studies showed no consistent pattern and no systematic advantage for the personified approach. Indeed the two types of measure appeared quite similar in many respects. When trying to explain the results, task difficulty emerged as a possible explanation and was investigated via Study III and Study IV (Journal Article III). Task difficulty was not lower for the personified approach as expected. While there is a rich body of brand image literature using either personification or direct measurement approaches, there is no research comparing them in the same context/setting to understand any differences between these approaches. Two main conclusions emerged from this research to contribute to the market research literature. This research shows that there is no systematic statistical benefit from adopting the personification approach. Task difficulty varied with age and education, but not as expected from the literature, a finding that might be considered in all survey research, not just that involving brand image.
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Cunha, Alex Pereira da. "A method for measuring contact angle and influence of surface fluid parameters on the boiling heat transfer performance /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183048.

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Orientador: Elaine Maria Cardoso
Resumo: O avanço de novas tecnologias, associado à minimização dos custos de fabricação e instala-ção, constitui um grande desafio para a área de refrigeração, uma vez que a geração de calor tem aumentado gradativamente nos últimos anos. Assim, a busca de novos fluidos com pro-priedades térmicas superiores aos comumente usados tornou-se indispensável para melhorar a eficiência energética. Nas últimas décadas os nanofluidos - dispersões de partículas de escala nanométrica (1 a 100nm) em um fluido-base - têm atraído especial interesse não somente da comunidade acadêmica, mas também da indústria em áreas como: a microeletrônica, microflu-ídica, transporte, manufatura, assistência médica, entre outras. O melhor desempenho térmico e a vasta gama de aplicações fazem dos nanofluidos potenciais substitutos dos refrigerantes utilizados em diversos segmentos da engenharia. Dentro desse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: o estudo teórico e experimental da influência das propriedades termofísi-cas e concentração de nanofluidos, bem como, das características geométricas da superfície aquecedora sobre o ângulo de contato e a molhabilidade. Também, atenção foi dada à prepa-ração e caracterização dos nanofluidos (Al2O3-água e Fe2O3-água), por meio da análise expe-rimental da condutividade térmica e da viscosidade dinâmica para diferentes concentrações; uma bancada experimental, para aquisição de imagens de gota séssil, foi construída a fim de viabilizar as análises de ângulo de conta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The advance of new technologies, associated to the minimization of manufacturing and installation costs, presents a great challenge for the refrigeration area, since the heat generation has increased in recent years. Thus, the search for new fluids with thermal properties higher than those commonly used has become indispensable to improve energy efficiency. In recent decades, nanofluids-dispersions of nanometer-scale particles (1 to 100 nm) in a base fluid - have attracted special interest not only from the academic community but also from industry in areas such as microelectronics, microfluidics, transport, manufacturing, medical assistance, among others. In this context, the present work had the following goals: the theoretical and experimental study of the influence of thermophysical properties and nanofluid concentration, as well as the geometric characteristics of the heating surface on the contact angle and wetta-bility. Attention was also given to the preparation and characterization of nanofluids (Al2O3-water and Fe2O3-water) by the experimental analysis of thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity for different concentrations; an experimental apparatus for the acquisition of sessile droplet images was designed in order to analyze the contact angle and wettability; and a computational routine was developed to obtain the drop profile and the surface-fluid interaction for the different nanofluids and surfaces used. Based on database, it was possible to evaluate the pre... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Adenot, Sébastien. "Etude de capteurs magnétiques de position angulaire." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00531702.

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Dans une grande variété d'applications, les capteurs de position sont requéris pour contrôler un processus. Pour ce type de capteurs, il existe plusieurs, technologies: codeurs optiques, -potentiomètres électriques et capteurs magnétiques. Toutes ces technologies ont leur champs d'applications et aussi leur prix. Quand un faible prix et une production en très grande série sont requéris beaucoup de ces technologies de capteurs ne respectent ces conditions. Par exemple, le potentiomètre donne un signal bruité par le contact électrique glissant et a une faible durée de vie. Par contre, les capteurs magnétiques sont intéressants par leur fonctionnement sans contact. On commence par exposer les principes des capteurs magnétiques. Les principales structures de capteurs magnétiques sont présentées. Une nouvelle structure de capteur à aimants permanents et à sondé de Hall est proposée. Ces nouveaux capteurs ont une faible sensiblité aux défauts de réalisation des pièces du circuit magnétique (aimant, pièces ferromagnétiques) et une faible sensibilité à la température. Dans la dernière partie de la thèse, nous comparons les résultats d'une modélisation numérique (éléments finis) et analytique avec ceux mesurés sur un prototype.
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Bietau, Lisa Artman. "Measuring civic knowledge: using the Delphi method to construct a civic knowledge inventory for elementary teachers." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13113.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Curriculum and Instruction
Margaret Gail Shroyer
Thomas S. Vontz
A foundational mission of our public schools is dedicated to preserving a democratic republic dependent on a literate and actively engaged citizenry. Civic literacy is essential to supporting the rights and responsibilities of all citizens in a democratic society. Civic knowledge is the foundation of our citizens’ civic literacy. National Standards for Civics and Government (Center for Civic Education,1994) promote civic literacy for all students including elementary children. Therefore, understanding important civic concepts is essential knowledge for elementary educators. Civic knowledge has not been required or monitored in teacher preparation or licensure. At the time of this study, there were no comprehensive measures of elementary teachers’ civic knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate a project funded by the Center for Civic Education that developed a Civic Knowledge Inventory (CKI) for elementary teachers using a Delphi technique. Specifically, this study analyzed the use of a Delphi process to identify major civic constructs elementary teachers should know and to create a valid and reliable measure of elementary teachers’ knowledge of these selected civic constructs. The Delphi technique engaged eight anonymous civic scholars to work together via the Internet. Through rounds of input and feedback they identified important civic knowledge that elementary teachers should know and created a multiple-choice measurement tool aligned to these constructs. In final analysis, the Delphi panelists collectively created a map of civic concepts that included: Constitutionalism, Representative Democracy, Citizenship, Human Rights, Civic Society, Market Economy and Examples of Non-Democracy as essential constructs accompanied by an outline of related sub-concepts and elements. This outline was then used to design, improve, and ultimately select the best test items for each construct. An item analysis was completed on data produced by 89 volunteer pre-service elementary teachers to identify high performing items to be included in the CKI. Therefore, the CKI could be used to examine the extent to which teacher preparation programs adequately prepare elementary teachers to be civic educators and thus guide teacher preparation as well as related professional development initiatives.
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BRIONIZIO, JULIO DUTRA. "STUDY OF THE MEASURING METHOD OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND WATER CONTENT BY MEANS OF SPHERICAL GEOMETRY: APPLICATIONS ON AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF ETHANOL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22034@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A presente tese tem por objetivo o estudo teórico e experimental, seguindo as boas práticas metrológicas, de um método baseado em uma fonte esférica de calor para medição da condutividade térmica de líquidos, com foco em soluções aquosas de etanol, e posterior determinação do teor de água da substância. O estudo e o desenvolvimento de métodos de medição de condutividade térmica são essenciais em diversas aplicações de engenharia, visto que, em consequência das justificadas demandas atuais de economia e uso racional de energia térmica, a transferência de calor com a máxima eficiência possível é de extrema relevância. A medição do teor de água também é um relevante parâmetro em muitas áreas de pesquisa e nos setores industriais, pois a quantidade de água nas substâncias influencia vários processos físicos, químicos e biológicos. Contudo, a quantidade de equipamentos disponíveis no mercado para a medição de ambas as grandezas não é vasta. O método da esfera quente, em principio, é um método absoluto de medição da condutividade térmica, o que significa que o sensor pode fornecer um resultado sem ser calibrado. Porém, alguns parâmetros do modelo precisam ser analisados isoladamente ou obtidos por meio de calibração. Embora haja alguns estudos sobre este método, poucos têm os meios líquidos como foco principal. Ademais, tais estudos não correlacionam a condutividade térmica do material com o seu teor de água e nem realizam uma análise metrológica mais criteriosa, de modo a determinar minuciosamente as incertezas de medição. A aplicabilidade do método para medição da condutividade térmica e do teor de água das soluções analisadas mostrou-se bastante satisfatória, pois os resultados obtidos neste estudo apresentaram muito boa concordância com os valores propostos por vários pesquisadores e com as medições realizadas no Inmetro por outros métodos.
The aim of this thesis is the experimental and theoretical study, following the good metrological practices, of a method based on a spherical heat source in order to measure thermal conductivity of liquids, focusing on aqueous solutions of ethanol, with later determination of the water content of the substance. The study and the development of measuring methods of thermal conductivity are essentials in several engineering applications, since as a consequence of the current justified demands on saving and rational use of thermal energy, the heat transfer with the maximum efficient as possible is of great relevance. The measurement of the water content is also a relevant parameter in several research areas and industrial sectors, since the quantity of water in the substances influences several biological, chemical and physical processes. However, the amount of equipment available on the market for the measurement of both quantities is not vast. The heated sphere method, in principle, is an absolute one for the measurement of the thermal conductivity, which means that the sensor may furnish a result without a calibration. Nevertheless, some parameters of the model need to be analyzed separately or obtained by means of calibration. Although there are some studies on this method, few of them have liquids as the main focus. Moreover, these studies do not correlate the thermal conductivity of the material with its water content, and they do not perform a more careful metrological analysis in order to determine the measurement uncertainties. The applicability of the method to measure the thermal conductivity and the water content of the analyzed substances proved to be satisfactory, because the obtained results of this study presented a very good agreement with the values proposed by several researches and with the measurements performed at Inmetro by other methods.
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Wahlkrantz, Elin. "Method development for rheological characterization of microfibrillated cellulose." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78968.

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This thesis contributes to a development of a method for rheological characterization of microfibrillated cellulose. The intended use of the method is to be able to distinguish between different grades of microfibrillated cellulose. The method that was developed had preparation procedure of suspensions, pH, dry content and conductivity as well as measuring geometry and measuring sequence in mind. The method resulted in using a propeller mixer for sample preparation and the most suitable properties of the samples for comparison of different qualities of microfibrillated cellulose was evaluated to be pH 8 with a dry content of 2.0 wt% and a conductivity of 110 µS/cm. The rheology of the microfibrillated cellulose suspensions was examined by using a dynamic rotational rheometer and a splined bob and cup (C25G/PC25G). The complex viscosity from amplitude sweeps is used as the parameter to distinguish between different grades of 2 wt% microfibrillated cellulose suspensions. At 1.0 wt% the pH of the suspensions appeared to have a very small impact on the results from rheological measurements while an increased conductivity of the suspensions resulted in an increased complex viscosity. The dry content dependency appeared to be exponential in the range of 0.5 to 3.0 wt% and it was thus easier to distinguish between different grades of microfibrillated cellulose when the dry content is 2.0 wt% compared to 1.0 or 1.5 wt%.
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Soudek, Pavel. "Teplotně-vlhkostní posouzení prvků krovu s nadkrokevním systémem zateplení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226670.

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This thesis deals with the temperature-moisture assessment of members in truss with above-rafter thermal insulation. Within this system it focuses on the details of creating a roof overhang because that is where the timber elements are under the greatest amount of moisture stress. Different variations of this detail are presented including the extent to which thermo-technical requirements and requirements surrounding the built-in timber elements are satisfied. Theoretical calculations are then compared with measurements which were performed on a real building. This task of measurement involved developing a new measuring device. The development of this device is also described in this paper.
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Books on the topic "Contact measuring methods"

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Stegenga, Jacob. Measuring Effectiveness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747048.003.0008.

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There are three methodological challenges to measuring the effectiveness of medical interventions: the choice of good measuring instruments, the use of appropriate analytic measures, and the use of a reliable method of extrapolating measures from an experimental context to a more general context. In practice each of these challenges contributes to overestimating the effectiveness of medical interventions. These challenges suggest corrective principles. The instruments employed in clinical research should measure patient-relevant and disease-specific parameters. Effectiveness always should be measured and reported using absolute outcome measures (such as ‘risk difference’), and we should employ caution when interpreting relative outcome measures (such as ‘relative risk reduction’). Extrapolating from research settings to clinical settings should more rigorously take into account possible ways in which interventions can fail to be effective in a target population. Current regulatory standards for drug approval are insufficient to manage these problems of measurement.
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Fisher, Bonnie S., and Heidi L. Scherer. Exploring the methods behind sexual violence estimates. Edited by Teela Sanders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213633.013.2.

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This essay documents the innovations that have been made to improve measuring the scope and dimensions of sexual violence over the last four decades. How sexual violence has been defined and operationalized and methodological factors (e.g., context, two-stage measurement process, question wording, reference period, and mode of administration) are compared and contrasted for several national-level victimization data sources. This essay explores the development of a number of national and international surveys designed to estimate the scope and dimensions of different types of sexual violence. This essay also includes a cross-national examination of sexual violence rates focusing on both differences and similarities across countries, concluding with a discussion of unresolved measurement issues. It also provides thoughts on future directions in measuring sexual violence.
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Lee, Matthew T., Laura D. Kubzansky, and Tyler J. VanderWeele, eds. Measuring Well-Being. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197512531.001.0001.

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This edited volume explores conceptual and practical challenges in measuring well-being. Given the bewildering array of measures available and ambiguity regarding when and how to measure particular aspects of well-being, knowledge in the field can be difficult to reconcile. Representing numerous disciplines including psychology, economics, sociology, statistics, public health, theology, and philosophy, contributors consider the philosophical and theological traditions on happiness, well-being, and the good life, as well as recent empirical research on well-being and its measurement. Leveraging insights across diverse disciplines, they explore how research can help make sense of the proliferation of different measures and concepts while also proposing new ideas to advance the field. Some chapters engage with philosophical and theological traditions on happiness, well-being, and the good life; some evaluate recent empirical research on well-being and consider how measurement requirements may vary by context and purpose; and others more explicitly integrate methods and synthesize knowledge across disciplines. The final section offers a lively dialogue about a set of recommendations for measuring well-being derived from a consensus of the contributors. Collectively, the chapters provide insight into how scholars might engage beyond disciplinary boundaries and contribute to advances in conceptualizing and measuring well-being. Bringing together work from across often siloed disciplines will provide important insight regarding how people can transcend unhealthy patterns of both individual behavior and social organization in order to pursue the good life and build better societies.
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Boudreau, Joseph F., and Eric S. Swanson. Many body dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198708636.003.0018.

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Specialized techniques for solving the classical many-body problem are explored in the context of simple gases, more complicated gases, and gravitating systems. The chapter starts with a brief review of some important concepts from statistical mechanics and then introduces the classic Verlet method for obtaining the dynamics of many simple particles. The practical problems of setting the system temperature and measuring observables are discussed. The issues associated with simulating systems of complex objects form the next topic. One approach is to implement constrained dynamics, which can be done elegantly with iterative methods. Gravitational systems are introduced next with stress on techniques that are applicable to systems of different scales and to problems with long range forces. A description of the recursive Barnes-Hut algorithm and particle-mesh methods that speed up force calculations close out the chapter.
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Edelglass, William. Buddhism, Happiness, and the Science of Meditation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495794.003.0004.

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The widespread discourse of happiness and meditation is part of a “happiness turn” in contemporary Western Buddhism, in which meditation is presented as a path to happiness. This turn is justified, in part, by empirical research on happiness, which appears to be a straightforward scientific inquiry into the causes and conditions of happiness. The two most widespread methods for measuring happiness, life satisfaction questionnaires and random experience sampling, are each committed to a particular theory of happiness: implicit in the random experience sampling method is a hedonic conception of happiness as positive affect or pleasure. In contrast, Śāntideva suggests that cultivating mindfulness and awareness entails relinquishing of self and increasing skill in addressing others’ needs. This contrast demonstrates that the scientific study of meditation and happiness is not value neutral but reframes the meaning of meditation.
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Kirchman, David L. Microbial growth, biomass production, and controls. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0008.

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Soon after the discovery that bacteria are abundant in natural environments, the question arose as to whether or not they were active. Although the plate count method suggested that they were dormant if not dead, other methods indicated that a large fraction of bacteria and fungi are active, as discussed in this chapter. It goes on to discuss fundamental equations for exponential growth and logistic growth, and it describes phases of growth in batch cultures, continuous cultures, and chemostats. In contrast with measuring growth in laboratory cultures, it is difficult to measure in natural environments for complex communities with co-occurring mortality. Among many methods that have been suggested over the years, the most common one for bacteria is the leucine approach, while for fungi it is the acetate-in ergosterol method. These methods indicate that the growth rate of the bulk community is on the order of days for bacteria in their natural environment. It is faster in aquatic habitats than in soils, and bacteria grow faster than fungi in soils. But bulk rates for bacteria appear to be slower than those for phytoplankton. All of these rates for natural communities are much slower than rates measured for most microbes in the laboratory. Rates in subsurface environments hundreds of meters from light-driven primary production and high organic carbon conditions are even lower. Rates vary greatly among microbial taxa, according to data on 16S rRNA. Copiotrophic bacteria grow much faster than oligotrophic bacteria, but may have low growth rates when conditions turn unfavorable. Some of the factors limiting heterotrophic bacteria and fungi include temperature and inorganic nutrients, but the supply of organic compounds is perhaps most important in most environments.
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Joynt, Gavin M., and Gordon Y. S. Choi. Blood gas analysis in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0072.

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Arterial blood gases allow the assessment of patient oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base status. Blood gas machines directly measure pH, and the partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and oxygen (PaO2) dissolved in arterial blood. Oxygenation is assessed by measuring PaO2 and arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) in the context of the inspired oxygen and haemoglobin concentration, and the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. Causes of arterial hypoxaemia may often be elucidated by determining the alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient. Ventilation is assessed by measuring the PaCO2 in the context of systemic acid-base balance. A rise in PaCO2 indicates alveolar hypoventilation, while a decrease indicates alveolar hyperventilation. Given the requirement to maintain a normal pH, functioning homeostatic mechanisms result in metabolic acidosis, triggering a compensatory hyperventilation, while metabolic alkalosis triggers a compensatory reduction in ventilation. Similarly, when primary alveolar hypoventilation generates a respiratory acidosis, it results in a compensatory increase in serum bicarbonate that is achieved in part by kidney bicarbonate retention. In the same way, respiratory alkalosis induces kidney bicarbonate loss. Acid-base assessment requires the integration of clinical findings and a systematic interpretation of arterial blood gas parameters. In clinical use, traditional acid-base interpretation rules based on the bicarbonate buffer system or standard base excess estimations and the interpretation of the anion gap, are substantially equivalent to the physicochemical method of Stewart, and are generally easier to use at the bedside. The Stewart method may have advantages in accurately explaining certain physiological and pathological acid base problems.
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Maestas, Cherie. Expert Surveys as a Measurement Tool. Edited by Lonna Rae Atkeson and R. Michael Alvarez. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213299.013.13.

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Polling political elites, academics, or other types of knowledgeable experts has provided scholars with a trove of information about political institutions, processes, and local context. Expert surveys are an especially useful method for measuring concepts that would be difficult or impossible to measure through alternative strategies and permits scholars to create indicators that are comparable across diverse contextual settings. This chapter provides an overview of the key questions researchers face when using experts as a tool of measurement. It highlights considerations regarding survey design, questionnaire design, and aggregation procedures with an eye toward identifying ways to enhance the validity and reliability of expert-based measures. The chapter also emphasizes the importance of design transparency and systematic reporting of procedures and measures of uncertainty about scores derived from expert surveys.
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Book chapters on the topic "Contact measuring methods"

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Hurley, D. C. "Measuring Mechanical Properties on the Nanoscale with Contact Resonance Force Microscopy Methods." In Scanning Probe Microscopy of Functional Materials, 95–124. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7167-8_4.

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Hansen, Anders, and David Machin. "Measuring output: content analysis." In Media and Communication Research Methods, 85–114. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-27225-6_5.

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Bernengo, Jean-Claude, and Jean de Rigal. "Physical Methods of Measuring Stratum Corneum Water Content in Vivo." In Measuring the skin, 112–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08585-1_13.

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Bernengo, Jean-claude, and Jean de Rigal. "Physical Methods to Measure Stratum Corneum Water Content In Vivo." In Agache's Measuring the Skin, 299–340. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32383-1_29.

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Sabatinos, Sarah A., and Susan L. Forsburg. "Measuring DNA Content by Flow Cytometry in Fission Yeast." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 79–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2596-4_5.

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Sabatinos, Sarah A., and Susan L. Forsburg. "Measuring DNA Content by Flow Cytometry in Fission Yeast." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 449–61. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-815-7_25.

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Shah, Nadim Joni, Veronika Ermer, and Ana-Maria Oros-Peusquens. "Measuring the Absolute Water Content of the Brain Using Quantitative MRI." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 29–64. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61737-992-5_3.

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Rossi, D., D. Rossi, S. Dall'Acqua, S. Rossi, S. Rossi, M. Zancato, P. Pittia, E. Franceschinis, N. Realdon, and A. Bettero. "Method Development for Measuring Contact Angles of Perfluoropolyether Liquid on Fomblin HC/25®PFPE Film." In Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, 81–97. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119459996.ch3.

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Jonker, Jan, and Niels Faber. "Impact." In Organizing for Sustainability, 139–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78157-6_11.

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AbstractThis chapter unpacks the Impact building block. It seeks to determine the impact that your business model will have on the broader social, ecological, economic, and material environment. We think it is important to clarify the short- and long-term effects of your business model. Framing and defining this building block is often challenging. It can be defined in a general sense, but can also be focused on specific stakeholders, a raw material, or a specific context or a relevant combination of indicators. Indicators are also increasingly linked to measuring and reporting methods. We offer various methods to test the set of indicators and link them to reporting standards. Keep a keen eye on the practical feasibility, as well as the costs involved in measuring and reporting. Identifying proper and useful indicators and measuring and monitoring them are easier said than done. Whatever you do, stick to the motto Keep it Simple.
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Havel, Małgorzata Barbara. "The Effect of Formal Property Rights Regime on Urban Development and Planning Methods in the Context of Post-Socialist Transformation: An Institutional Approach." In Measuring the Effectiveness of Real Estate Regulation, 149–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35622-4_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Contact measuring methods"

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Costa, John E., R. T. Cheng, F. P. Haeni, N. B. Melcher, K. R. Spicer, W. J. Plant, W. C. Keller, and K. Hayes. "Looking to the Future: Non-contact Methods for Measuring Streamflow." In Hydraulic Measurements and Experimental Methods Specialty Conference (HMEM) 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40655(2002)1.

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Ellis, Jon, and Michael A. Echter. "Non-contact, Point-to-point Methods for Measuring Freeform Optics." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.2014.ow2b.5.

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Stork, Milan, and Josef Houzar. "Non Contact Methods of Heart Rate Variability Measuring and Analysis." In 2020 International Conference on Applied Electronics (AE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ae49394.2020.9232744.

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Prochazka, Pavel. "Methods and measuring systems for calibration of non-contact vibrodiagnostics systems." In 2017 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2017.7969666.

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Ni, Qi, Timo Marschke, Samuel Steele, Najafi Seyed, and Nathan B. Crane. "Studying of Contact Angle Friction and Contact Angle Hysteresis (CAH) Though Force Measurements." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89869.

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A novel method of measuring contact line friction and contact angle hysteresis is described. In this method, a droplet is constrained between two surfaces while the surface of interest initiates motion. The results are compared to conventional characterization methods such as measuring the angle of inclined plane for droplet motion and measuring advancing and receding contact angles by infusing/withdrawing liquid from the substrate. At slow speeds, the proposed method provides a measure of the hysteresis but can also capture information about the contact line friction and viscous affects. Droplet force dependence on droplet size (height/width) is also investigated.
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Matsumoto, Akira, Yasuhiro Sato, Hiroyuki Ohno, Masao Tomeoka, Kosuke Matsumoto, Jun Kurihara, Tomohisa Ogino, et al. "A New Measuring Method of Wheel-Rail Contact Forces." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84682.

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A new measuring method introduced in this paper can measure contact forces between wheel and rail without special wheelsets with slip rings or telemeters. In this method the lateral contact force is measured from the lateral distortion of wheel measured by several non-contact gap sensors. The measured values are small, but accurate value of lateral force can be calculated by the compensation of axial movement and inclination of wheelset. Normal and longitudinal contact forces are also measured from the strain of parts of the truck except wheelsets. According to the results of full-size truck stand tests and train running tests, we have verified that the new method has sufficient accuracy of measuring compared with conventional methods.
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Dwyer-Joyce, R. S., C. Yao, and R. Lewis. "A Comparison of Three Methods for the Measurement of Wheel Rail Contact." In STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2008-71077.

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Measurement of wheel rail contact has been carried out using three techniques in a lab based experiment. The simplest is with the use of commercially available pressure sensitive film. This has been compared to two methods based on reflected ultrasound. The proportion of an ultrasonic wave reflected from a contact depends on the degree of conformity between the surfaces. Maps of reflection have been produced by scanning a transducer back and forth over the region of contact. However, this scanning process is time consuming, and so would be unsuitable for measuring real wheel rail contacts travelling atfull train speed. For this reason a third approach has been used, whereby an array transducer performs a line scan of the contact. The motion of the wheel is then simulated to record several parallel scans to create a contact map.
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Khmelev, Vladimir N., Denis S. Abramenko, Roman V. Barsukov, and Andrey N. Lebedev. "Usage features of contact and noncontact measuring methods of oscillation amplitude during adjustment process of ultrasonic devices." In 2008 9th International Workshop and Tutorials on Electron Devices and Materials. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sibedm.2008.4585913.

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Esterling, Donald, F. Donald Caulfield, Aaron Kiefer, Gregory Buckner, and Pavan Jaju. "Non-Contact Device for Measuring Frequency Response Functions of CNC Machine Tools." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42264.

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The frequency response function (FRF) of a CNC machine tool is composed of tool/toolholder/spindle dynamics, and plays an important role in determining the stability of high speed machining processes. This paper details the design, development and operational verification of a non-contacting, controllable, electromechanical actuator (EMA) for measuring the FRFs of tools mounted in CNC milling machines. Although standard modal testing methods are available and provide similarly accurate results, these test procedures are difficult to perform in machine shop environments and can require expensive equipment. The EMA developed as part of this research extends the capabilities of the NIST “best speeds device” to provide controllable, non-contacting excitation for modal tests on machine tools. This EMA device offers the advantages of being accurate, easy to use, and applicable to a wide variety of tools and operating conditions.
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Moore, Travis J., and Matthew R. Jones. "A Method of Measuring the Temperature Profile of a Thermal Barrier Coating Using Inverse Radiative Heat Transfer Methods." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63808.

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Ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are used in power generation and aerospace turbines to protect superalloy components from large and extended heat loads. These coatings allow for increased inlet temperatures, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing air cooling requirements. Knowledge of the temperature profile in a thermal barrier coating is critical for evaluating the TBC performance and monitoring its health, as well as for accurate simulation and modeling. Non-contact, non-destructive techniques for finding these temperature profiles are highly desirable. Current techniques are limited in that they cannot measure the entire temperature profile of the TBC along with its radiative properties. An inverse radiative heat transfer method capable of determining the temperature profile, as well as the spectral absorption coefficient and spectral emittance at various wavenumbers, of a TBC using non-contact techniques was developed. A model of the measurements of the intensity exiting the TBC, which account for the emission from the substrate as well as the emission and absorption of the TBC itself, was developed. The TBC was approximated as a one-dimensional, plane-parallel, non-scattering medium. Optimization methods were used to determine the desired parameters by minimizing the error between actual intensity measurements and those calculated from the model. This method was tested for a number of simulated measurements with and without measurement error. Even with 10% measurement error introduced, the base temperature of the TBC was determined with only 0.45% error while the error in the TBC surface temperature measurement was 3.36% and that in the spectral emittance of the bondcoat was 12%. The error in the spectral absorption coefficient was significant.
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Reports on the topic "Contact measuring methods"

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Maruyama, Shinichi. Development of a Method for Measuring Vibro-Acoustic Functions to Tire Contact Patch Inputs. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0176.

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Stromswold, D. C., A. J. Peurrung, P. L. Reeder, R. A. Pappas, and D. S. Sunberg. Neutron methods for measuring {sup 235}U content in UF{sub 6} gas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/416999.

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James, W. L., Y. H. Yen, and R. J. King. A microwave method for measuring moisture content, density, and grain angle of wood. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rn-250.

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Chaparro, L. F. Automated microscopy methods for measuring pyritic sulfur content of coal and determining degree of liberation of pyrite in coal: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5665273.

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Sanz, E., P. Alonso, B. Haidar, H. Ghaemi, and L. García. Key performance indicators (KPIs). Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/prodphd.2021.9.002.

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The project “Social network tools and procedures for developing entrepreneurial skills in PhD programmes” (prodPhD) aims to implement innovative social network-based methodologies for teaching and learning entrepreneurship in PhD programmes. The multidisciplinary teaching and learning methodologies to be developed will enable entrepreneurship education to be introduced into any PhD programme, providing students with the knowledge, skills, and motivation to engage in entrepreneurial activities. However, the use of the output of the project will depend on the nature and profile of the research or scientific field. In this context, key performance indicators (KPIs) form the base on which the quality and scope of the methodologies developed in the project will be quantified and benchmarked. The project’s final product will be an online tool that higher education students can use to learn entrepreneurship from a social network perspective. Performance measurement is one of the first steps of any project and involves the choice and use of indicators to measure the effectiveness and success of the project’s methods and results. All the KPIs have been selected according to criteria of relevance, measurability, reliability, and adequacy, and they cover the process, dissemination methods, and overall quality of the project. In this document, each KPI is defined together with the units and instruments for measuring it. In the case of qualitative KPIs, five-level Likert scales are defined to improve indicator measurability and reliability. The KPIs for prodPhD are divided into three main dimensions, depending on the stage of the project they evaluate. The three main dimensions are performance and development (which are highly related to the project’s process), dissemination and impact (which are more closely correlated with the project’s output), and overall project quality. Different sources (i.e., European projects and papers) have been drawn upon to define a set of 51 KPIs classified into six categories, according to the project phase they aim to evaluate. An Excel tool has been developed that collects all the KPIs analysed in the production of this document. This tool is shared in the Scipedia repository.
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