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1

Johnson, K. L., and L. M. Keer. "Contact Mechanics." Journal of Tribology 108, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261297.

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2

Barber, J. R., and M. Ciavarella. "Contact mechanics." International Journal of Solids and Structures 37, no. 1-2 (January 2000): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7683(99)00075-x.

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3

Briscoe, B. J. "Contact mechanics." Tribology International 19, no. 2 (April 1986): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-679x(86)90085-x.

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4

Liu, Haichao, Haibo Zhang, and Xiaoyu Ding. "Advances in Contact Mechanics." Lubricants 12, no. 5 (May 16, 2024): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12050179.

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5

Harmon, David, Etienne Vouga, Breannan Smith, Rasmus Tamstorf, and Eitan Grinspun. "Asynchronous contact mechanics." Communications of the ACM 55, no. 4 (April 2012): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2133806.2133828.

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6

Wriggers, Peter. "Computational contact mechanics." Computational Mechanics 49, no. 6 (May 24, 2012): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00466-012-0730-x.

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7

Harmon, David, Etienne Vouga, Breannan Smith, Rasmus Tamstorf, and Eitan Grinspun. "Asynchronous contact mechanics." ACM Transactions on Graphics 28, no. 3 (July 27, 2009): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1531326.1531393.

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8

Wriggers, P. "Computational Contact Mechanics." Computational Mechanics 32, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2003): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00466-003-0472-x.

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9

Bravetti, Alessandro, Hans Cruz, and Diego Tapias. "Contact Hamiltonian mechanics." Annals of Physics 376 (January 2017): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2016.11.003.

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10

Fischer-Cripps,, AC, and KL Johnson,. "Introduction to Contact Mechanics. Mechanical Engineering Series." Applied Mechanics Reviews 55, no. 3 (May 1, 2002): B51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1470678.

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11

Johns-Rahnejat, Patricia M., Nader Dolatabadi, and Homer Rahnejat. "Elastic and Elastoplastic Contact Mechanics of Concentrated Coated Contacts." Lubricants 12, no. 5 (May 7, 2024): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12050162.

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Machines operate under increasingly harsher contact conditions, causing significant wear and contact fatigue. Sub-surface stresses are responsible for the premature contact fatigue of rolling element bearings, meshing gears, and cam–follower pairs. Surface protection measures include hard, wear-resistant coatings. Traditionally, contact integrity has been predicted using classical Hertzian contact mechanics. However, the theory is only applicable when the contact between a pair of ellipsoidal solids of revolution may be considered as a rigid indenter penetrating a semi-infinite elastic half-space. Many coatings act as thin bonded elastic layers that undergo considerably higher pressures than those predicted by the classical theory. Furthermore, inelastic deformation of bonded solids can cause plastic flow, work-hardening, and elastoplastic behaviour. This paper presents a comprehensive, integrated contact mechanics analysis that includes induced sub-surface stresses in concentrated counterformal finite line contacts for all the aforementioned cases. Generated pressures and deformation are predicted for hard coated surfaces, for which there is a dearth of relevant analysis. The contact characteristics, which are of particular practical significance, of many hard, wear-resistant advanced coatings are also studied. The paper clearly demonstrates the importance of using efficient semi-analytical, detailed holistic contact mechanics rather than the classical idealised methods or empirical numerical ones such as FEA. The novel approach presented for the finite line contact of thin-layered bonded solids has not hitherto been reported in the open literature.
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12

Keer, Leon M. "Mechanics of Contact Fatigue." Applied Mechanics Reviews 47, no. 6S (June 1, 1994): S194—S198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3124405.

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Contact fatigue between typical machine elements such as gears, roller followers, bearings and other components involves many complex interacting features. There are the effects of geometry, mechanical properties, material properties and surface chemistry. The present discussion will center around analytical prediction techniques that are concerned only with the mechanical aspects of contact fatigue between two elements. Aspects related to the initiation of a crack under repeated loading will be discussed. The application of an approach developed by Mura, analogous to Griffith’s criterion for fracture, will be used to show how estimates of initiation life can be made and how these estimates are related to currently used ones. Once a crack has been initiated, then issues related to crack propagation become important. Some fracture mechanics based methods developed to calculate crack growth will be described along with estimates of crack propagation life.
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13

de León, Manuel, Jordi Gaset, Manuel Laínz, Miguel C. Muñoz-Lecanda, and Narciso Román-Roy. "Higher-order contact mechanics." Annals of Physics 425 (February 2021): 168396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2021.168396.

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14

Carrillo, Jan-Michael Y., and Andrey V. Dobrynin. "Contact Mechanics of Nanoparticles." Langmuir 28, no. 29 (July 16, 2012): 10881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la301657c.

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15

Stewart, David E. "Finite-dimensional contact mechanics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 359, no. 1789 (December 15, 2001): 2467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2001.0904.

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16

Goryacheva, I. G. "Mechanics of discrete contact." Tribology International 39, no. 5 (May 2006): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.04.020.

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17

Chang, Shih-Hsiang, Thomas N. Farris, and Srinivasan Chandrasekar. "Contact Mechanics of Superfinishing." Journal of Tribology 122, no. 2 (July 1, 1999): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.555374.

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Superfinishing is an abrasive finishing process in which a smooth work surface is produced by simultaneously loading a bonded abrasive stone against a rotating workpiece surface and oscillating (reciprocating) the stone. The surface topography of a 600 grit aluminum oxide stone used for superfinishing is quantitatively described using scanning phase-shift interferometry. A bounded three-parameter lognormal distribution is found to provide a more accurate representation of cutting edge height distribution than a bounded normal distribution, especially in fitting the upper tail end of data. Moreover, the stone surface characteristics are nearly constant throughout stone life suggesting that superfinishing is a self-dressing process. This stone surface geometry is used to develop a contact mechanics model of the superfinishing process. The model estimates the number of cutting edges involved in material removal, the load distribution on these edges, and the resulting surface roughness of the superfinished surface. The effect of contact pressure on these estimated values has been studied. Only a very small percentage (less than 0.16 percent) of the cutting edges, which are comprised of the large cutting edges occurring in the tail end of distribution, are actively engaged in material removal. Further, the arithmetic average surface roughness, Ra, is found to be related to the average depth of penetration while the peak-to-valley surface roughness, Rt or Rtm, is related to the maximum depth of penetration. The prediction of surface roughness made with this model is found to agree reasonbly well with experimental results for superfinishing of hardened steel surfaces. [S0742-4787(00)00302-7]
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18

Vouga, E., D. Harmon, R. Tamstorf, and E. Grinspun. "Asynchronous variational contact mechanics." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 200, no. 25-28 (June 2011): 2181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2011.03.010.

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19

Johns-Rahnejat, Patricia M., Nader Dolatabadi, and Homer Rahnejat. "Analytical Elastostatic Contact Mechanics of Highly-Loaded Contacts of Varying Conformity." Lubricants 8, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8090089.

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In applications requiring high load carrying capacity, conforming contacting pairs with a relatively large contact footprint are used. These include circular arc, Novikov, and Wildhaber gears found, for example, in helicopter rotors. Closely conforming contacts also occur in many natural endo-articular joints, such as hips, or their replacement arthroplasty. The main determining factors in contact fatigue are the sub-surface shear stresses. For highly loaded contacts, classical Hertzian contact mechanics is used for many gears, bearings, and joints. However, the theory is essentially for concentrated counterforming contacts, where the problem is reduced to a rigid ellipsoidal solid penetrating an equivalent semi-infinite elastic half-space. Applicability is limited though, and the theory is often used inappropriately for contacts of varying degrees of conformity. This paper presents a generic contact mechanics approach for the determination of sub-surface stresses, which is applicable to both highly conforming as well as concentrated counterforming contacts. It is shown that sub-surface shear stresses alter in magnitude and disposition according to contact conformity, and lead to the different modes of fatigue failure noted in practice.
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20

Srivastava, Abhishek, and Chung-Yuen Hui. "Large deformation contact mechanics of long rectangular membranes. I. Adhesionless contact." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 469, no. 2160 (December 8, 2013): 20130424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0424.

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In part I of this work, we study adhesionless contact of a long rectangular elastic membrane with a rigid substrate. Our model is based on finite strain theory and is valid for arbitrarily large deformations. Both frictionless and no-slip contact conditions are considered. Exact closed form solutions are obtained for frictionless contact. For small contact, the differences between these two contact conditions are small. However, significant differences occur for large contacts. For example, frictionless contact predicts a maximum pressure (and contact region) beyond which there is no solution; while the no-slip model places no restriction on both quantities. The effect of adhesion will be considered in part II of this work.
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21

Packham, D. E. "Work of adhesion: contact angles and contact mechanics." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 16, no. 2 (May 1996): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-7496(95)00034-8.

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22

Yang, C., and B. N. J. Persson. "Contact mechanics: contact area and interfacial separation from small contact to full contact." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 20, no. 21 (April 22, 2008): 215214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/20/21/215214.

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23

Kumar, Nirmal, and Anirvan DasGupta. "Contact Mechanics and Induced Hysteresis at Oscillatory Contacts with Adhesion." Langmuir 30, no. 30 (July 24, 2014): 9107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la501834s.

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24

Tichy, John, Joseph A. Levert, Lei Shan, and Steven Danyluk. "Contact Mechanics and Lubrication Hydrodynamics of Chemical Mechanical Polishing." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 146, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 1523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1391798.

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25

Xu, Zhi Qian, Xiang Zhen Yan, and Xiu Juan Yang. "Contact Mechanics Analysis of Two Rough Surfaces in Contact." Advanced Materials Research 154-155 (October 2010): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.154-155.531.

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In this paper, the calculation formulas of the asperity’s deformation related with the surface contact pressure are deduced by using the simplified contact model. Firstly, we assume that the rough surface is composed of a set of cones as asperities, and the cones are arranged in different ways along two directions. Secondly, according to the mechanical analysis of a rigid conical punch on a half-space, the theoretical relationship between the average pressure of the micro contact area and the property parameters of a conical punch is obtained. Meanwhile, the calculation formula of the average pressure is given under the reasonable assumptions, which is related with the asperity’s deformation and the contact pressure. Finally, combining two theoretical relationships above, the quantitative analysis method for micro asperity’s deformation of two rough surfaces in contact is provided by using the average pressure as a connection bridge.
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26

Nikogeorgos, Nikolaos, Christopher A. Hunter, and Graham J. Leggett. "Relationship Between Molecular Contact Thermodynamics and Surface Contact Mechanics." Langmuir 28, no. 51 (December 11, 2012): 17709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la304246e.

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27

Yang, C., B. N. J. Persson, J. Israelachvili, and K. Rosenberg. "Contact mechanics with adhesion: Interfacial separation and contact area." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 84, no. 4 (November 2008): 46004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/84/46004.

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28

Blanco-Lorenzo, Julio, Javier Santamaria, Ernesto G. Vadillo, and Nekane Correa. "A contact mechanics study of 3D frictional conformal contact." Tribology International 119 (March 2018): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2017.10.022.

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29

Osipov, V. I., V. N. Sokolov, and F. S. Karpenko. "Physicochemical mechanics of disperse porous materials as a new approach to assessing mechanical stability of clay soils." Geoèkologiâ, no. 4 (December 30, 2024): 50–63. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869780924040059.

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Data are presented on the discrepancy between theoretical calculations and experimental results on assessing the strength of fine dispersed bodies including clay soils. Physicochemical processes operating on the surface of dispersed particles are considered upon interaction of latter with water and the formation of adsorbed water films producing disjoining pressure. The presence of films exerting the disjoining effect controls the development of various types of contacts between soil particles in the course of lithogenesis, i. e., coagulational, transitional, and phase contacts. These contacts are the most important factors influencing the behavior of clay soils. The study dwells on the effect of contact types on the state, deformability and stability of clay soils under external impact. It is concluded that the assessment of clay behavior should be based on physicochemical mechanics, patterns of contact interactions in fine-grained soils, and statistical analysis of experimentally obtained parameters of the mechanical properties of clays.
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30

Galindo-Torres, Sergio Andres, Alexander Scheuermann, David Williams, and Hans Mühlhaus. "Micro-Mechanics of Contact Erosion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 553 (May 2014): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.553.513.

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In the present paper a simulation framework is presented coupling the mechanics of fluids and solids to study the contact erosion phenomenon. The fluid is represented by the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) and the soil particles are modeled using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The coupling law considers accurately the momentum transfer between both phases. A soil composed of particles of two distinct sizes is simulated by the DEM and then hydraulically loaded with an LBM fluid. It is observed how the hydraulic gradient compromises the stability of the soil by pushing the smaller particles into the voids between the largest ones. The hydraulic gradient is more pronounced in the areas occupied by the smallest particles due to a reduced constriction size, which at the same time increases the buoyancy acting on them. At the mixing zone, where both particles sizes coexist, the fluid transfers its momentum to the small particles, increasing the erosion rate in the process. The results offer new insights into the erosion and suffusion processes, which could be used to better predict and design structures on hydraulically loaded soils.
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31

Ulman, Abraham, Gun-Young Choi, Yitzhak Shnidman, and Walter Zurawsky. "Adhesion studies using contact mechanics." Israel Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 2 (October 2000): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/c5y8-vf2c-61k9-t6yu.

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32

De Pauw, J., P. De Baets, W. De Waele, and R. Hojjati. "Contact mechanics in fretting fatigue." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 3, no. 3 (November 6, 2012): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v3i3.20575.

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This paper studies the contact mechanics in a line contact during fretting fatigue conditions. Inliterature one can find numerical and analytical solutions of normal and tangential stresses for a variety ofloading cases. However, a unified solution valid for all loading cases during fretting fatigue conditions is notavailable. We present in this paper a strategy to combine existing contact mechanics theories into a unifiedcalculation procedure. Therefore, the relevant contact mechanics theories for an idealized cylinder-on-flatcontact are selected and bundled. Two clear flowcharts group the existing theories, which results in aunified strategy that can easily be implemented in a programming language. A Matlab script wasprogrammed and calculates the normal and tangential stress distribution based on the applied forces, thegeometry of the contact, the coefficient of friction and the material properties. The present theory can beused to automate the calculation of the stress distributions, or as validation of new numerical techniques.The script is modular and can be extended to calculate the lifetime of a component, by adding lifetimecriteria.
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33

Yaremko, Yurij. "Contact Transformations in Classical Mechanics." Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics 4, no. 1-2 (January 1997): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jnmp.1997.4.1-2.15.

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34

Hills, DA, D. Nowell, and J. R. Barber. "KL Johnson and contact mechanics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 13 (August 9, 2016): 2451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216634121.

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In 2008, the Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science was approaching its 50th anniversary and the editorial board arranged some personal contributions from those who had been material in the journal’s success. In response to this initiative, the authors spoke informally to Ken Johnson about his life and work. However, typically modest in his approach, Ken was reluctant to see the article published during his lifetime, and so it has remained in the ‘bottom drawer of the desk’ ever since. But now, following Prof. Johnson’s passing in September 2015 we thought it appropriate to publish our brief article with minor modifications, and hope that it will serve as a memorial to the enormous contribution he made to his chosen field of study.
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35

Ševera, Pavol. "Contact geometry in Lagrangian mechanics." Journal of Geometry and Physics 29, no. 3 (February 1999): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0393-0440(98)00037-0.

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36

Barone, F., and R. Grassini. "Logicoalgebraic foundations of contact mechanics." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 24, no. 5 (May 1985): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00669904.

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37

Guler, M. A., and F. Erdogan. "Contact mechanics of graded coatings." International Journal of Solids and Structures 41, no. 14 (July 2004): 3865–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.02.025.

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38

Alexandrov, V. M. "Asymptotic methods in contact mechanics." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 28, no. 4-8 (August 1998): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7177(98)00106-x.

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39

Klisch, T. "Contact mechanics in multibody systems." Mechanism and Machine Theory 34, no. 5 (July 1999): 665–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-114x(98)00050-0.

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40

Mirenkov, V. E. "Contact problems in rock mechanics." Journal of Mining Science 43, no. 4 (July 2007): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10913-007-0036-0.

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41

Ainsley, Samantha, Etienne Vouga, Eitan Grinspun, and Rasmus Tamstorf. "Speculative parallel asynchronous contact mechanics." ACM Transactions on Graphics 31, no. 6 (November 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2366145.2366170.

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42

Keer, Leon M. "Contact Mechanics (K. L. Johnson)." SIAM Review 29, no. 2 (June 1987): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1029068.

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43

Herczeg, Gabriel, and Andrew Waldron. "Contact geometry and quantum mechanics." Physics Letters B 781 (June 2018): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2018.04.008.

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44

Antoni, Nicolas, and Quoc-Son Nguyen. "Shakedown theorems in Contact Mechanics." Comptes Rendus Mécanique 336, no. 4 (April 2008): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2007.11.021.

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45

Meguid, S. A., and A. Czekanski. "Advances in computational contact mechanics." International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design 4, no. 4 (April 30, 2008): 419–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10999-008-9077-z.

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46

Leichner, Alexander, Heiko Andrä, and Bernd Simeon. "Contact Mechanics in Computational Homogenization." PAMM 17, no. 1 (December 2017): 607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201710273.

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47

Ciavarella, M., J. Joe, A. Papangelo, and J. R. Barber. "The role of adhesion in contact mechanics." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 151 (February 2019): 20180738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0738.

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Adhesive (e.g. van der Waals) forces were not generally taken into account in contact mechanics until 1971, when Johnson, Kendall and Roberts (JKR) generalized Hertz’ solution for an elastic sphere using an energetic argument which we now recognize to be analogous to that used in linear elastic fracture mechanics. A significant result is that the load–displacement relation exhibits instabilities in which approaching bodies ‘jump in’ to contact, whereas separated bodies ‘jump out’ at a tensile ‘pull-off force’. The JKR approach has since been widely used in other geometries, but at small length scales or for stiffer materials it is found to be less accurate. In conformal contact problems, other instabilities can occur, characterized by the development of regular patterns of regions of large and small traction. All these instabilities result in differences between loading and unloading curves and consequent hysteretic energy losses. Adhesive contact mechanics has become increasingly important in recent years with the focus on soft materials (which generally permit larger areas of the interacting surfaces to come within the range of adhesive forces), nano-devices and the analysis of bio-systems. Applications are found in nature, such as insect attachment forces, in nano-manufacturing, and more generally in industrial systems involving rubber or polymer contacts. In this paper, we review the strengths and limitations of various methods for analysing contact problems involving adhesive tractions, with particular reference to the effect of the inevitable roughness of the contacting surfaces.
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48

Marui, Etsuo, Norihiko Hasegawa, and Reiji Miyachi. "Effects of Lubrication Upon Plastic-Metal Contact." Journal of Tribology 113, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920586.

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It is important to examine the contact mechanics between metal surfaces for greater accuracy of guideway motion and for pre-estimates of contact rigidity and damping capacity of mechanical systems. In the present study, the contact of a hard steel ball and a soft duralumin surface is examined, and the effect of lubrication on the plastic contact mechanics is discussed. Frictional stress between contact surfaces plays an important role in the deformation of surfaces. The parameters, which define the state of contact, are estimated in the experiment, taking lubrication into consideration.
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49

Pham, Thao H., Iakov A. Lyashenko, and Valentin L. Popov. "Angle-Dependent Adhesive Mechanics in Hard–Soft Cylindrical Material Interfaces." Materials 18, no. 2 (January 15, 2025): 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020375.

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In this research, the adhesive contact between a hard steel and a soft elastomer cylinder was experimentally studied. In the experiment, the hard cylinder was indented into the soft one, after which the two cylinders were separated. The contact area between the cylinders was elliptical in shape, and the eccentricity of this increased as the angle between the axes of the contacting cylinders decreased. Additionally, the adhesive pull-off force and the contact area increased with a decrease in the angle between the cylinders. The use of a transparent elastomer allowed for observation of the shape of the contact in real time, which facilitated the creation of videos demonstrating the complete process of contact failure and the evolution of the ellipse shape, depending on the distance between the cylinders and normal force. These findings contribute to a better understanding of adhesive interactions in elliptical contacts between cylinders and can be applied to fields such as soft robotics, material design, and bioengineering, where precise control over adhesion and contact mechanics is crucial.
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50

OTSUKA, Yuichi. "Evaluation of Mechanical Response during Nano Scale Contact for Contact Mechanics Model of Fatigue Wear." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 73, no. 9 (September 15, 2024): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.73.697.

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