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Mgweba, Asiphe. "A revised role of good faith in the law of contract and employment contracts." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7033.
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Magister Legum - LLMGood faith is an open ended concept which refers to fair and honest dealings. The function of this concept is to give expression to the community’s sense of what is fair, just and reasonable. The concept of good faith has and continues to acquire a meaning wider than mere honesty or the absence of subjective bad faith. It is an objective concept that includes other abstract values such as justice, reasonableness, fairness and equity. There is competition between the two underlying values or cornerstones of the law of contract, namely that of sanctity of contract (pacta sunt servanda) and fairness.
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Muller, Edward Nicholas IV 1964. "Is God an economist? An economic inquiry into the relationship between self and God in Judeo-Christian theology." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10558.
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xi, 69 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.In the context of Judeo-Christian theology, I develop what appears to be the first formal economic model to analyze the joint interactions between human actors and a divine actor involved in the production of good works. Human actors are identified as trusting believers, doubting believers, or nonbelievers. The divine actor is perceived as offering four different alternative contracts, an ex ante contract without a penalty, an ex post contract, an ex ante contract with a penalty, and a covenant. Contract types are identified with specific religious affiliations. The amount of good works produced depends on the strength of faith and the contractual choices of the individual, as implied by religious affiliation. I test explicit predictions of the model using individual survey data from a nationally representative sample. My results suggest that (1) ex post contracts "work" (attendance is greater for trusting believers under ex post contracts than under ex ante contracts without a penalty); (2) strength of faith does not matter (good works are equivalent for both trusting and doubting believers under ex ante contracts); (3) penalties do not "work" for believers (attendance is no greater for believers under ex ante contracts with a penalty than under ex ante contracts without a penalty); and (4) covenants "work" (attendance is the same for believers under covenants as under ex ante contracts without a penalty). Tests focus either on the model's counterintuitive predictions for the role of strength of faith for a given contract type or on the role of religious affiliation and contract type for a given strength of faith. The tests suggest substantial power for the model's predictions. Even so, the dissertation emphasizes throughout the limitations of a purely economic analysis of the Judeo-Christian tradition and theology.
Committee in charge: Joe Stone, Co-Chairperson, Economics; Jo Anna Gray, Co-Chairperson, Economics; Larry Singell, Member, Economics; Jean Stockard, Outside Member, Planning Public Policy & Mgmt
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Hood, Dana Kennamer. "Young children's perceptions of God in the context of a Protestant faith community /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008354.
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McMartin, Bruce W. "Communicating the God of the Bible in the high power distance Haitian context a course on the doctrine of God /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Kennedy, Chad Landon. "God with the backwards wave : a text in context analysis of the characterization of God in Joan of Arcadia /." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2006. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Harmeling, James. "A very good death? a biblical study of the incompatibility of God and death in the context of creation /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Steinbring, Patricia A. "Is God dozing?, theodicy in the context of the African-American experience." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ52750.pdf.
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Henderson, Frances Munro. "Logic of belief and the content of God : Hans Frei's theological grammar." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5529.
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This thesis offers a systematic engagement with the theological hermeneutics of Hans Frei. The two key conceptual categories are “the logic of belief” and “the content of God”. The former refers to the grammatical ordering of theological statements: Frei is concerned to distinguish grammatical logic from ontology, and to establish the actual starting point for any given theological enterprise. Frei’s own preference for a “linear” and “cumulative” method built upon the starting point of a realistic narrative reading of the gospels is unpacked and explored. The second category, “the content of God”, refers to Frei’s search for an account in which God has actual reality, as opposed to a mere metaphysical abstraction. Indeed, for Frei, the arrival – or failure to arrive – at a ‘concrete’ account of God is the test of any theological starting point, as evidenced in the ability or otherwise to do exegetical justice to the narrative shape of the crucifixion-resurrection sequence. The thesis demonstrates that for Frei, the starting point in the logic of belief must be the identity of Jesus Christ as revealed in scripture, and only on that basis can a concrete content of God be posited. In so doing, the intention is to set Frei very firmly within his mid-twentieth century context, in particular his engagement with and ultimate rejection of existentialist and Neo-orthodox theology. Accordingly, the thesis traces the development in Frei’s thinking of these two conceptual categories, from his doctoral thesis on Barth’s early theology up to and including his twin publications, The Eclipse of Biblical Narrative (1974) and The Identity of Jesus Christ (1975). Later works by Frei are also considered in relation to these. The thesis does not stop at the mid-twentieth century, but illustrates the continued relevance of Frei’s hermeneutical theology into this century, putting him in conversation with a number of systematic and biblical theologians. Suggestions are made as to his applicability to modern theological concerns, including the debate surrounding the being and action of God: a field where he has yet to be deployed successfully.
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Vliet, Jason Van. "Children of God the imago dei in John Calvin and his context." Göttingen Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996000844/04.
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Beaton, Richard C. "God-language in Romans an analysis of explicit and implicit [THEOS] statements in a proposed historical context /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.
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Jansen, Wout A. T. "Gold free ohmic contacts for III-V MOSFET devices." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4100/.
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Over the past forty years the development of CMOS has been able to follow Moore’s law using planar silicon technology. However, this technology is reaching its limits as the density of transistors has a significant impact on the power dissipation in an integrated circuit. Alternative channel materials and device architectures will then be required in the future to reduce the power consumption of transistors. The development of CMOS technology with high mobility channel materials, specifically Ge for pMOS and III-V materials for nMOS, was the aim of the European Union FP7 funded Duallogic consortium, of which this project was part. The experimental work at the University of Glasgow was the III-V compound semiconductor MOSFET, in particular the study of Si processing compatible source/drain contacts to III-V MOSFET devices with InxGa1-xAs channel materials, which was an important aspect of this thesis. Another area investigated in this thesis is the impact of current crowding effects on source/drain contact resistance by aggressive scaling of devices. During this thesis, optimisation of a PdGe-based ohmic contact to buried channel device material with a In0.75GaAs channel led to a contact resistance of 0.15Ohm.mm compared to 1Ohm.mm in previous work by R. Hill. The PdGe-based contact also proved to be scalable in both vertical and lateral dimensions. This scaled structure was then integrated in a surface channel MOSFET device with 1μm access regions and gate lengths varying from 100nm to 20μm. The performance of the devices with 20μm gate lengths was then compared to devices with a NiGeAu based ohmic contact. An increase in RC, 1.82Ohm.mm vs. 0.94Ohm.mm, and Ron, 11.1Ohm.mm vs. 8.55Ohm.mm, was observed in the PdGe-based contact, which resulted in a decrease in gm, 92.3mS/mm vs. 103mS/mm, and Id,sat, 103mA/mm vs. 122mA/mm. However, further optimisation of the PdGe-based ohmic contact showed promising results with a contact resistance of 0.45Ohm.mm. The novel test structure is the first test structure, which makes direct contact to III-V material, with critical dimensions below the transfer length. This structure is able to experimentally observe the current crowding effects and allows for the extraction of the sheet resistance underneath the contact and a more accurate extraction of the specific contact resistivity. This offers a significant insight into the impact of the sheet resistance underneath the contact and the role it plays.
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Gavriljuk, Pavel L. "The suffering of the impassible God the dialectics of patristic thought." Oxford Oxford Univ. Press, 2004. http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/religion/0199269823/toc.html.
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Wardlaw, Terrance Randall. "Conceptualizing words for 'God' within the Pentateuch : a cognitive-semantic investigation in literary context." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2006. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3158/.
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Cafe, Peter F. "Towards reliable contacts of molecular electronic devices to gold electrodes." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3870.
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PhDSYNOPSIS OF THIS THESIS The aim of this thesis is to more fully understand and explain the binding mechanism of organic molecules to the Au(111) surface and to explore the conduction of such molecules. It consists of five discreet chapters connected to each other by the central theme of “The Single Molecule Device: Conductance and Binding”. There is a deliberate concentration on azine linkers, in particular those with a 1,10-phenanthroline-type bidentate configuration at each end. This linker unit is called a “molecular alligator clip” and is investigated as an alternative to the thiol linker unit more commonly used. Chapter 1 places the work in the broad context of Molecular Electronics and establishes the need for this research. In Chapter 2 the multiple break-junction technique (using a Scanning Tunnelling Microscope or similar device) was used to investigate the conductance of various molecules with azine linkers. A major finding of those experiments is that solvent interactions are a key factor in the conductance signal of particular molecules. Some solvents interfere with the molecule’s interaction with and attachment to the gold electrodes. One indicator of the degree of this interference is the extent of the enhancement or otherwise of the gold quantized conduction peak at 1.0 G0. Below 1.0 G0 a broad range for which the molecule enhances conduction indicates that solvent interactions contribute to a variety of structures which could bridge the electrodes, each with their own specific conductance value. The use of histograms with a Log10 scale for conductance proved useful for observing broad range features. vi Another factor which affects the conductance signal is the geometric alignment of the molecule (or the molecule-solvent structure) to the gold electrode, and the molecular alignment is explored in Chapters 3 for 1,10-phenanthroline (PHEN) and Chapter 4 for thiols. In Chapter 3 STM images, electrochemistry, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) are used to determine 1,10-phenanthroline (PHEN) structures on the Au(111) surface. It is established that PHEN binds in two modes, a physisorbed state and a chemisorbed state. The chemisorbed state is more stable and involves the extraction of gold from the bulk to form adatom-PHEN entities which are highly mobile on the gold surface. Surface pitting is viewed as evidential of the formation of the adatom-molecule entities. DFT calculations in this chapter were performed by Ante Bilic and Jeffery Reimers. The conclusions to Chapter 3 implicate the adatom as a binding mode of thiols to gold and this is explored in Chapter 4 by a timely review of nascent research in the field. The adatom motif is identified as the major binding structure for thiol terminated molecules to gold, using the explanation of surface pitting in Chapter 3 as major evidence and substantiated by emergent literature, both experimental and theoretical. Furthermore, the effect of this binding mode on conductance is explored and structures relevant to the break-junction experiment of Chapter 2 are identified and their conductance values compared. Finally, as a result of researching extensive reports of molecular conductance values, and having attempted the same, a simple method for predicting the conductance of single molecules is presented based upon the tunneling conductance formula.
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Smallwood, Steven A. "Deformation Studies of Tungsten-Gold Contacts at the Nanometer Scale." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SmallwoodSA2001.pdf.
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Bell, Steven J. "Fabrication and characterisation of gold contacts on CdZnTe radiation detectors." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/808156/.
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Spectroscopic X-ray imaging is an emerging technology with applications in the fields of medical imaging, security, science and industrial analysis. The wide bandgap semiconductor cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) is the leading sensor material for this technology. Refinements in the growth process have delivered consistent improvements in both yield and quality of single crystal CdZnTe. The fabrication of metal contacts required for electronic readout is now considered to be the limiting factor for small pixel CdZnTe detector performance. This includes preparation of the CdZnTe surface, deposition of the metal contacts and pixellation. The current work is concerned with understanding and improving the detector fabrication process. A range of complementary characterisation techniques have been used to analyse the metal-semiconductor interface formed by electroless and sputter deposition of gold contacts onto CdZnTe. The characterisation included focused ion beam (FIB) cross section imaging, chemical analysis with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electronic analysis with current-voltage (IV) measurements. The electroless deposition was found to produce a complicated interface consisting of a surface gold layer on top of a mixed interface of gold, tellurium oxide and cadmium chloride. The effective barrier height of this contact was measured to be 0.78 ± 0.04 eV under positive bias and 0.83 ± 0.02 eV under negative bias. The interface of sputter deposited gold contacts was simple in comparison, with a sharp interface between the gold and CdZnTe and a barrier height of 0.64 ± 0.02 eV under positive bias and 0.78 ± 0.02 eV under negative bias. An optimised detector fabrication process has been developed. This process involves forming gold contacts on mechanically polished-only CdZnTe by electroless deposition. Pixellation is achieved with a positive photoresist prior to gold deposition. A small pixel (250 μm pitch) CdZnTe detector fabricated in this manner and bonded to the HEXITEC ASIC has produced a single pixel FWHM energy resolution at 59.54 keV of 560 eV, with a modal FWHM resolution of 1.5 keV across the full 74 × 74 pixel array.
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Wilson, Franklin Wade. "The Kingdom in context the Christian community in an Islamic culture /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Osborne, III Kenneth L. "Temperature-Dependence of the Contact Angle of Water on Graphite, Silicon, and Gold." Digital WPI, 2009. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/900.
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"The temperature dependence of the contact angle of water on graphite, silicon and gold was investigated under various conditions to test the Sharp-Kink Approximation. Despite correctly predicting the contact angle at room temperature, the ideal Sharp-Kink Approximation was not found to accurately describe the contact angle's temperature dependence. The discrepancies from the predicted contact angle were characterized in terms of a correction H(T) to the liquid-solid surface tension. H(T) was found to be linear in temperature and decreasing, and is consistent with electrostatic charge effects."
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Sjödin, Peterson Veronica, and Natalia Prochownik. "CMS och UX : tekniker för hur man utformar en god användarupplevelse." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27692.
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The purpouse of this study is to find out how and if a Content Managment System (CMS) can benefit from applied User Experience Design (UX). A work project has been executed where a client wanted the students to create a user friendly CMS for adding content to a global hotel review site. A prototype of a CMS was created based on literature studies about UX and CMS. The prototype of the user friendly CMS was then tested through user tests and interviews with key users. After input from the key users the prototype was changed until the users were satisfied with it.
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Lomax, Deborah. "Electrowetting and electrodeposition on graphitic surfaces." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/electrowetting-and-electrodeposition-on-graphitic-surfaces(0ecee720-fb95-48cb-bfb2-75e7adc305f3).html.
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Graphite and graphene electrodes are used to study two electrochemical processes: the decoration of these electrodes with Au metallic nanoparticles through the use of electrodeposition, and electrowetting, the potential-dependent change in hydrophobicity of a surface. Electrodeposition provides a useful route to electrode functionalisation, in particular to combine the enhanced properties of metallic nanoparticles with the advantageous features of carbon materials. A combination of cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and both ex situ and in situ atomic force microscopy are used to deduce the mechanism of Au electrodeposition on graphite and graphene. Notably, the mechanism of Au nanoparticle formation cannot be deduced from simple voltammetry alone, and the spontaneous formation of Au within the timescale of the electrodeposition experiment is confirmed. Electrowetting is a uniquely responsive method to manipulate the wetting properties of an electrode. However, a dielectric coating is commonly required to protect the surface from electrolysis, which in turn further increases the potentials needed to perform electrowetting. In contrast to this, here it is shown that bare graphite and graphene electrodes support electrowetting without the disadvantages of a dielectric coating, allowing an unprecedented combination of performance and efficiency. Furthermore, the ideal behaviour this system demonstrates is implemented as a platform to study electrowetting itself. The influence of electrolyte composition, surface defects and electrode-blocking dielectric-like films are investigated to determine the factors that impede electrowetting, a key step to understanding the phenomenon that is normally hindered by the use of the dielectric.
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Goodrich, John Kenneth. "Paul, the Oikonomos of God : Paul's Apostolic metaphor in 1 Corinthians and its Graeco-Roman context." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/299/.
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This thesis seeks to elucidate the nature of Paul’s apostleship and apostolic authority by investigating how Paul portrays himself as an oikonomos of God in 1 Corinthians (4.1-5; 9.16-23). Modern studies on the metaphor have failed to ascertain what apostolic attributes are implied by the image and how Paul utilised the metaphor to meet his rhetorical and theological objectives, largely because they neither identify the appropriate source domain of Paul’s metaphor nor conduct the necessary socio-historical research to illumine its application. Utilising a host of ancient sources to reconstruct the characteristics of the regal, municipal, and private administrators bearing this title, this study seeks to identify the metaphor’s source domain and to interpret the relevant Pauline discourses accordingly. Part 1 surveys the three administrative contexts from Graeco-Roman antiquity in which oikonomoi are most frequently attested: Hellenistic kingdoms (Chapter 2), Graeco-Roman cities (Chapter 3), and private estates and enterprises (Chapter 4). While minor variations existed within these administrative contexts, a general profile is discernable in and constructed for each. Moreover, although the profiles of the oikonomoi serving in these contexts share certain similar social, structural, and disciplinary characteristics, these administrators are also shown to have significant differences. Part 2 engages 1 Corinthians 4 and 9 seeking to identify and interpret Paul’s metaphor in both discourses. Chapter 5 demonstrates that, of the three source domains examined in Part 1, private commercial administration functions as the most plausible context in which to interpret Paul’s metaphor. Chapters 6 and 7 then utilise the profile of the private commercial administrator as a model to illumine Paul’s apostleship in 1 Cor 4.1-5 and 9.16-23 respectively and explains how Paul employs the image to meet his rhetorical and theological objectives in both passages. Chapter 8 summarises the argument of the thesis and draws out the implications of Paul’s metaphor for understanding Paul’s theology of apostolic authority.
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Grubbs, Joshua Briggs. "“WHY DID YOU MAKE ME DO THAT?” ANGER AT GOD IN THE CONTEXT OF MORAL TRANSGRESSION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1333495047.
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Unni, Mohanan. "Marketplace ministry, context for the praxis of spiritual growth and affirmation for the laos of God." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online, 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p099-0002.
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Xavier, Jose Tadeu Neves. "A nova dimensão dos contratos no caminho da pós-modernidade." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13169.
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A sociedade atual passa por uma fase de transição entre o modelo moderno e o pósmoderno, criando um novo paradigma para o convívio social, o que acaba por se refletir no pensamento jurídico. Assim, o contrato, na condição de instrumento essencial para a realização das trocas econômicas e tutela de interesses jurídicos experimenta os reflexos dessas transformações sociais, o que acarreta modificações em sua formulação teórica e nos princípios que lhe servem de referência. Neste contexto a pós-modernidade impõe ao contrato a adoção de mega princípios, como o da função social e da boa-fé, além da necessidade de revisão dos seus postulados tradicionais, moldados agora sob a ótica dos valores constitucionais e buscando servir como meios adequados de enfrentamento da complexidade pós-moderna.Society nowadays goes through a transition between the Modern and Post-Modern models raising a new paradigm for sociabilization which means interfering on the juridical belief. Thus the Contract, in the condition of essential instrument to fulfill all the economic trades as well as a tutor of juridical interests, experiences the reflextions of these transformations which leads in adaptations on it’s theoretical formulation and also in the principles that are being used as reference. In this context, Post-Modernity imposes to the Contract, the adoption of mega principles as Sociability and Good Will, above all, commands the necessity of reviewing all traditional postulates now moulded over the constitutional values and looks for fitting in as a proper way of facing the Post-Modern complexity.
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Bailly, Chantal. "The role of implicit contract terms as a determinant of contractual consequences." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50520.
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Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is clear that the classical concept of contract suffers from weaknesses because it takes too little account of social and economic changes that have occurred in our highly competitive global climate. More particularly, it fails to acknowledge implicit dimensions of contract. The classical contract theory was designed for transactions rather than to regulate relations. In view of the relational contract theory, contracts are agreements, often developed gradually, over a period of time and last over a period of time, perhaps indefinitely. As illustrated, with a discussion of the various theories attempting to qualify the classical law, the development of the relational contract theory and the need for implicit dimensions is in line with changes in business, market transactions and the economic and social environment of today. The relational contract is gradual and emphasises the relationship between the parties. Focus is placed on their understandings, party practices, customs and expectations as opposed to formal doctrines and principles. Characteristically, relational contracts are often incomplete in their specifications, thus leaving room for the creation of expectations and understandings inter partes. These expectations and understandings along with co-operation, rationality and trust are the implicit dimensions, which reflect the shared interest the parties have in their transaction. The ways in which these implicit dimensions can be recognised, developed and applied to contracts, particularly in the South African context is considered in light of our law's treatment of the implication of terms into contracts. It was found that considerations of reasonable expectations and policy do playa role in our law, albeit not to such an extent as to meet the demands of the relational contract theory and the recognition of implicit dimensions. Existing contract principles are also evaluated in the light of the relational contract and implicit dimensions. It is not suggested that classical contract law doctrines are to be dispensed with but that a shift of focus should occur, from the traditional focus on the ''paper'' deal to focusing on the ''real'' deal, between the parties. It is concluded that a principle of good faith would be a suitable starting point to give cognisance to implicit dimensions and to regulate relational contracts. In recognising a principle of good faith, the courts will be able to better respond to the expectations of the parties. A principle of good faith is recommended as being advantageous towards developing a pre-contractual duty of disclosure and encouraging more co-operative thinking and dealing in both legal doctrine and contracting practice.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is vandag duidelik dat die klassieke kontraksmodel aan swakhede ly omrede dié model nie genoegsaam rekening hou met sosiale en ekonomiese veranderinge mons hoogskompeterende wêreldklimaat nie. Meer bepaald, neem die model nie die implisiete aspekte van kontrakte in ag nie. Die klassieke teorie is meer gepas vir eenmalige transakies tussen kontraktante en nie soseer gebruik vir die regulering van deurlopende kontraksverhoudinge nie. In terme van die verhoudingskontrakteorie ("relational contract theory") word kontrakte beskou as ooreenkomstes wat geleidelik, oor 'n lang tydperk kan duur, miskien selfs vir 'n onbepaalde tydperk. Soos gei1lustreer, is daar verskeie teoriëe wat poog om die bestaande klassieke benadering aan te pas. Die ontwikkeling van die verhoudingskontrakteorie en die implisiete aspekte van kontrakte korreleer met veranderinge in internasionale handel en die ekonomiese en sosiale omgewing van vandag. Die verhoudingskontrakteorie beklemtoon die verhouding tussen die partye, hul praktyke en gewoontes en verwagtinge en is nie net slegs op formele beginsels gebaseer nie. 'n Eienskap van hierdie kontraktstipe is dat hulle dikwels nie poog om die verhouding van die partye volledig te reguleer nie. Sodoende word ruimte gelaat vir die ontwikkeling van verwagtinge en implisiete verwagtinge tussen die partye. Hierdie verwagtinge en verstandhoudings te same met die beginsels van samewerking, redelikheid en onderlinge vertroue, is die implisiete aspekte wat die gemeenskaplike belang wat partye in hul verhouding het, weerspieël. Maniere om hierdie implisiete aspekte te herken, te ontwikkel en toe te pas, veral in die Suid- Afrikaanse konteks, is oorweeg in die lig van ons reg se benadering tot die inlees van onuitgesproke bedinge in kontrakte. Alhoewel daar bevind is dat redelike verwagtinge en beleid wel 'n rol speel, is dit onvoldoende in die lig van die eise van die verhoudingskontrakteorie en die behoefte aan implisiete aspekte. Bestaande kontraksbeginsels is ook geëvalueer in die lig van die verhoudingsgebaseerde kontrak en implisiete aspekte. Daar word nie gesuggereer dat klassieke beginsels van die hand gewys moet word nie. Eerder dan die tradisionele fokus op die "paper deal" moet die fokus op die"real deal" wees. Ten slotte word die behoefte aan die erkenning van 'n beginsel van goeie trou uitgelig. Breedweg sal howe beter kan reaggeer op partye se verwagtinge en verstandhoudinge en dié beginsel word ook aanbeveel met die oog op die behoefte aan samwerking tussen partye en die ontwikkeling van 'n voor-openbaarmakingsplig.
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Donev, Jason Matthew Kaiser. "Non-contact atomic force microscopy studies of amorphous solid water deposited on Au(111) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9779.
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Van, Haecke-Lepic Sabine. "La distinction entre la formation et l’exécution du contrat : contribution à l’étude du contrat dans le temps." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED051.
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C’est au cours de l’étude de la distinction entre la formation et l'exécution du contrat que s’est imposée une réflexion sur une autre alternative au modèle du contrat à exécution instantanée : le contrat de durée. En consacrant un modèle de contrat hors du temps le droit contractuel s’est construit sur une chimère. En effet, en niant l’infiltration du temps dans le contrat, les frontières entre la formation et l’exécution se sont fissurées. Devant cet état de fait, les attentes de clarification de la réforme furent nombreuses. Cependant, la réforme du droit des contrats bien que codifiant les apports épars de la jurisprudence n’en a pas tiré les conséquences de fond en consacrant une possible incomplétude du contrat à sa formation. En continuant à ignorer l’impact de la durée sur les contrats qui s’exécutent dans le temps, la réforme a aggravé l’éclatement des concepts et a empêché le droit commun d’évoluer.L’auteur s’est attaché donc à vouloir englober l’ensemble de la réalité contractuelle en faisant émerger à côté du modèle du contrat échange, le modèle du contrat de durée. La proposition d’un contrat de durée serait donc de nature à réconcilier le droit contractuel entre la culture contractuelle de l’échange et la culture contractuelle de la coopération qui prend naissance dans la durée. La durée du contrat transforme le contrat et émancipe son exécution en permettant au moment de la formation une certaine incomplétudeWhile studying the distinction between the preparation and the execution of a contract, a reflection on a new alternative to the contract of instantaneous performance imposed itself: an adjustable circumstance-based contract. Devoted to a timeless model of contract, contract law has built itself on a pipe dream. Indeed, the negation of time’s infiltration in a contract led the boundaries between preparation and execution to crack apart. In front of this situation the expectations for clarification with the reform were numerous. However, the 2016 reform of contract law, although systematising the scattered provisions of case law, did not drew the needed conclusions by sanctioning the possible incompleteness of a contract in its preparation. Still ignoring time’s impact in time-based contracts, the 2016 reform has worsened the splitting of concepts and prevented the evolution of common right. Thus the author focused on embracing the whole of contractual reality and developing alongside the swap contract: the adjustable circumstance-based contract. Contract law has indeed been confronted to types of contract that struggled to integrate duration but which, in the need to happen alongside a unique swap model, distorted its concepts. This is why the offer of an adjustable circumstance-based contract would be able to reconcile, in contract law, the contract culture of swap and the contract culture of cooperation which arise in duration
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Kataoka, Eduardo Takemi Dutra dos Santos. "Elementos para a eficácia jurídica da pluralidade contratual." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2005. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6528.
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A presente tese de doutorado procura mostrar que a coligação contratual, entendida como sendo a possibilidade de interferências recíprocas entre contratos, dá-se por força da conjunção do ordenamento jurídico com os fatos, não bastando a simples integração econômica entre negócios subjacentes para caracterizar a coligação do ponto de vista jurídico. A primeira das fontes da coligação contratual é a vontade das partes, através de cláusulas contratuais. As partes, por meio de acordos privados podem fazer com que efeitos decorrentes de um contrato produzam efeitos em outro. A segunda fonte é a lei. Muitas vezes o legislador quer que dois ou mais contratos se conectem de modo a que produzam alguns efeitos entre si. Nestes casos afasta-se a vontade das partes e prevalece a determinação do legislador. Por último, a coligação contratual pode ser uma aplicação do princípio da boa-fé. A confiança despertada, nas relações onde haja uma elevada integração econômica deve ser protegida.This thesis aims to show that the contractualbinding, understood as the possibility of mutual interference between contracts, occurs by virtue of the conjunction of the law to the facts, not just by the simple economic integration between the underlying businesses, to characterize such binding from a legal point of view. The first source of contractual binding is the intention of the parties through contractual clauses. The parties, through private agreements may cause effects arising from a contract to interfere in another one. The second source is the law. Often the legislator or two or more contracts to connect so that together produce some effects. In these cases deviates from the will of the parties and supersedes the determination of the legislation. Finally, the contract binding can be an application of the principle of good faith. The confidence awakened in relationships where there is a high economic integration must be protected.
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Rouspide-Katchadourian, Marie-Noëlle. "Le juge et le contrat de travail : essai sur la relecture judiciaire d'un contrat." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020018/document.
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Selon l’article 5 du code civil, les juges ne peuvent « se prononcer par voie de disposition générale et règlementaire sur les causes qui leur sont soumises ». L’article 1134, alinéa 1er, du même code pose le principe de la force obligatoire du contrat. Or, la jurisprudence de la chambre sociale de la Cour de cassation est normative ; son immixtion dans le contrat de travail est patente. Déséquilibré, soumis à un ordre public spécifique, source d’un conflit de droits et de libertés, le contrat de travail présente certaines spécificités. Ces dernières paraissent guider l’action du juge. L’adaptation du contrat constitue l’une des principales manifestations de son intervention. Elle se caractérise par l’enrichissement de l’accord de volontés ou, à l’inverse, par son amputation. De nombreuses obligations sont ajoutées au contrat. Si le fondement avancé par le juge varie, les articles 1134, alinéa 3 et 1135 du code civil justifient, en réalité, cette addition. La soustraction revêt diverses formes. Elle est parfois la source d’un pouvoir créateur ; celui-ci n’est pas toujours susceptible d’être rattaché à la protection des libertés et droits fondamentaux. Au-delà, la réfection conduit le juge à rebâtir et réécrire le contrat. Ce dernier est rebâti sur le fondement de l’article 1134, alinéa 2, du code civil. La volonté des parties est objectivée ; leur volonté réelle n’est pas nécessairement respectée. La réécriture du contrat découle, notamment, de l’application de l’article 1152 du code civil. Mais elle s’étend au-delà de ce texte. Originale et audacieuse, la relecture judiciaire du contrat de travail est liée au particularisme de cet accordAccording to article 5 of the French civil code, the judges cannot « decide through the mean of general and statutory rules on the causes they are submitted with ». Article 1134 al.1 of the same civil code provides for the principle of the binding effect of the contract. Yet, the jurisprudence of the labor chamber of the French High Court (Cour de cassation) is normative ; its interference in the labor contract is obvious. Unbalanced, subject to a specific public order, source of conflict of rights and freedoms, the labor contract has certain particularities. These appear to guide the judge’s action. The adaptation of the contract is one of the principle manifestations of the judge’s intervention. It is characterized by the improvement of the agreement of the wills or, on the contrary, by its amputation. Many obligations are added to the contract. If the reasons exposed by the judge vary, actually, article 1134 al.3 and article 1135 of the French civil code justify these additions. This subtraction has different forms. It is the source of a creative power ; such creative power is not always linked to the protection of freedoms and fundamental rights. Besides, the rework leads the judge to the rebuilding and redrafting of the contract. Said contract is rebuilt in accordance with article 1134 al.2 of the French civil code. The willingness of the parties becomes objective ; their real willingness is not necessary complied with. The redrafting of the contract is the result of, in particular, article 1152 of the French civil code. However it can be extended beyond this article. Original and audacious, the judicial way to read the labor contract is linked to the sense of the identity of such labor contract
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Lashmar, Colleen Patricia. "A qualitative study of the experience of God by palliative care patients in the context of innocent suffering." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ52208.pdf.
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Barnard, Alfred Jacobus. "A critical legal argument for contractual justice in the South African law of contract." Thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06192006-083839.
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Pinker, David Stephen. "An investigation of YBCO thin-film SQUIDs with gold damping resistors and the behaviour of planar gold- c-axis YBCO contacts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612906.
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Lydia, Somers. "Trace element content variation within sulfides of the Fäboliden gold deposit." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72559.
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The Fäboliden gold deposit is an ore body in northern Sweden’s Bothnian Basin and has been the subject of studies and test mining since the early 2000s when the Gold Line, an area of anomalously high-Au glacial till in Northern Sweden, became a center of economic interest. The deposit is a hypozonal orogenic gold deposit that displays many characteristic features of ore bodies of this type, including the presence of compound sulfide grains composed of a core of löllingite surrounded by a rim of arsenopyrite, and an abundance of pyrrhotite throughout the deposit and surrounding alteration zone. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to first map the distribution of trace elements in several of the arsenpyrite-löllingite grains, then to perform spot analyses of pyrrhotite grains in samples from across the distal and proximal alteration zones of the deposit. The maps of the trace elements in the compound löllingite-arsenopyrite grains show that: As and Au are found in greater abundance in the löllingite than in the arsenopyrite; Cu, Fe, S, and Ti are found in greater abundance in the arsenopyrite than in the löllingite; and Ag, Au, Bi, La, Mn, Pb, Sr, Ti and Tl are found in zones of secondary enrichment along fractures within the grains. Uranium and V may also be enriched along fractures, although this isn’t clear on all of the maps. Gold is an element of particular interest, because its distribution throughout the sulfide phases can be used to constrain the mechanism and relative timing of mineralization within the deposit. The presence of invisible gold within the löllingite, but not within the arsenopyrite, shows that gold is not incorporated into arsenopyrite at high temperatures and will instead be concentrated in the löllingite core of the composite grain and at the margin between the two sulfide phases as the löllingite is altered to arsenopyrite. Previous research on the Fäboliden gold deposit, including geothermometric analysis of vein-hosted graphite within fluid inclusions and garnet-biotite geothermometry as well as structural evidence provided by regional deformation, indicate that mineralization occurred post-peak metamorphism. The textures seen are therefore not conclusive of mineralization occurring syn- or pre-peak metamorphism, as has previously been proposed based on research of orogenic gold deposits in Western Australia. The spot analysis of pyrrhotite samples from across the deposit shows a distinct decrease in Ni and Co content in the proximal alteration zone, suggesting uptake of these elements by other minerals such as the löllingite and arsenopyrite. Multiple analyses performed on single grains show local variation, but are insufficient to establish the presence or determine the character of growth zonation within pyrrhotite.
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Laprise-Pelletier, Myriam, and Myriam Laprise-Pelletier. "Development and evaluation of low-dose rate radioactive gold nanoparticles for application in nanobrachytherapy." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38213.
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Depuis les dix dernières années, l’innovation des traitements d’oncologie a fait une utilisation croissante de la nanotechnologie. De nouveaux traitements à base de nanoparticules (NPs) sont notamment rendus au stade de l’essai clinique. Possédant des caractéristiques physico-chimiques particulières, les NPs peuvent être utilisées afin de bonifier l’effet thérapeutique des traitements actuels. Par exemple, l’amélioration de la curiethérapie (c.-à-d. radiothérapie interne) nécessite le développement de nouvelles procédures permettant de diminuer la taille des implants, et ce, tout en augmentant l’homogénéité de la dose déposée dans les tumeurs. Des études théoriques et expérimentales ont démontré que l’injection de NPs d’or à proximité des implants traditionnels de curiethérapie de faible débit de dose (par ex. 125I, 103Pd) permettrait d’augmenter significativement leur efficacité thérapeutique. L'interaction entre l’or et les photons émis par les implants de curiethérapie (c.-à-d. l’effet de radiosensibilisation) génère des rayonnements divers (photoélectrons, électrons Auger, rayons X caractéristiques) qui augmentent significativement la dose administrée. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, l’approche proposée était de développer des NPs d’or radioactives comme nouveau traitement de curiethérapie contre le cancer de la prostate. L’aspect novateur et unique était de synthétiser une particule coeurcoquille (Pd@Au) en utilisant l’isotope actuellement employé en curiethérapie de la prostate: le palladium-103 (103Pd, 20 keV). Dans ce cas-ci, la présence d’atomes d’or permet de produire l’effet de radiosensibilisation et d’augmenter la dose déposée. La preuve de concept a été démontrée par la synthèse et la caractérisation des NPs 103Pd@Au-PEG NPs. Ensuite, une étude longitudinale in vivo impliquant l’injection des NPs dans un modèle xénogreffe de tumeurs de la prostate chez la souris a été effectuée. L’efficacité thérapeutique induite par les NPs a été démontrée par le retard de la croissance tumorale des souris injectées par rapport aux souris non injectées (contrôles). Enfin, une étude de cartographie de la dose générée par les NPs à l’échelle cellulaire et tumorale a permis de comprendre davantage les mécanismes thérapeutiques liés aux NPs radioactives. En résumé, l’ensemble des travaux présentés dans cette thèse font office de précurseurs relativement au domaine de la nanocuriethérapie, et pourraient ouvrir la voie à une nouvelle génération de NPs pour la radiothérapie.Depuis les dix dernières années, l’innovation des traitements d’oncologie a fait une utilisation croissante de la nanotechnologie. De nouveaux traitements à base de nanoparticules (NPs) sont notamment rendus au stade de l’essai clinique. Possédant des caractéristiques physico-chimiques particulières, les NPs peuvent être utilisées afin de bonifier l’effet thérapeutique des traitements actuels. Par exemple, l’amélioration de la curiethérapie (c.-à-d. radiothérapie interne) nécessite le développement de nouvelles procédures permettant de diminuer la taille des implants, et ce, tout en augmentant l’homogénéité de la dose déposée dans les tumeurs. Des études théoriques et expérimentales ont démontré que l’injection de NPs d’or à proximité des implants traditionnels de curiethérapie de faible débit de dose (par ex. 125I, 103Pd) permettrait d’augmenter significativement leur efficacité thérapeutique. L'interaction entre l’or et les photons émis par les implants de curiethérapie (c.-à-d. l’effet de radiosensibilisation) génère des rayonnements divers (photoélectrons, électrons Auger, rayons X caractéristiques) qui augmentent significativement la dose administrée. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, l’approche proposée était de développer des NPs d’or radioactives comme nouveau traitement de curiethérapie contre le cancer de la prostate. L’aspect novateur et unique était de synthétiser une particule coeurcoquille (Pd@Au) en utilisant l’isotope actuellement employé en curiethérapie de la prostate: le palladium-103 (103Pd, 20 keV). Dans ce cas-ci, la présence d’atomes d’or permet de produire l’effet de radiosensibilisation et d’augmenter la dose déposée. La preuve de concept a été démontrée par la synthèse et la caractérisation des NPs 103Pd@Au-PEG NPs. Ensuite, une étude longitudinale in vivo impliquant l’injection des NPs dans un modèle xénogreffe de tumeurs de la prostate chez la souris a été effectuée. L’efficacité thérapeutique induite par les NPs a été démontrée par le retard de la croissance tumorale des souris injectées par rapport aux souris non injectées (contrôles). Enfin, une étude de cartographie de la dose générée par les NPs à l’échelle cellulaire et tumorale a permis de comprendre davantage les mécanismes thérapeutiques liés aux NPs radioactives. En résumé, l’ensemble des travaux présentés dans cette thèse font office de précurseurs relativement au domaine de la nanocuriethérapie, et pourraient ouvrir la voie à une nouvelle génération de NPs pour la radiothérapie.
The last decade saw the emergence of new innovative oncology treatments based on nanotechnology. New treatments using nanoparticles (NPs) are now translated to clinical trials. NPs possess unique physical and chemical properties that can be advantageously used to improve the therapeutic effect of current treatments. For instance, therapeutic efficiency enhancement related to internal radiotherapy (i.e., brachytherapy), requires the development of new procedures leading to a decrease of the implant size, while increasing the dose homogeneity and distribution in tumors. Several theoretical and experimental studies based on low-dose brachytherapy seeds (e.g., 125I and 103Pd) combined with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) showed very promising results in terms of dose enhancement. Gold is a radiosensitizer that enhances the efficiency of radiotherapy by increasing the energy deposition in the surrounding tissues. Dose enhancement is caused by the photoelectric products (photoelectrons, Auger electrons, characteristic X-rays) that are generated after the irradiation of Au NPs. In this thesis, the proposed approach was to develop radioactive Au NPs as a new brachytherapy treatment for prostate cancer. The unique and innovative aspect of this strategy was to synthesize core-shell NPs based on the radioisotope palladium-103 (103Pd, 20 keV), which is currently used in low-dose rate prostate cancer brachytherapy. In this concept, the administrated dose is increased via the radiosensitization effect that is generated through the interactions of low-energy photons with the gold atoms. The proof-ofconcept of this approach was first demonstrated by the synthesis and characterization of the core-shell NPs (103Pd@Au-PEG NPs). Then, a longitudinal in vivo study following the injection of NPs in a prostate cancer xenograft murine model was performed. The therapeutic efficiency was confirmed by the tumor growth delay of the treated group as compared to the control group (untreated). Finally, a mapping study of the dose distribution generated by the NPs at the cellular and tumor levels provided new insights about the therapeutic mechanisms related to radioactive NPs. In summary, the studies presented in this thesis are precursors works in the field of nanobrachytherapy, and could pave the way for a new generation of NPs for radiotherapy.
The last decade saw the emergence of new innovative oncology treatments based on nanotechnology. New treatments using nanoparticles (NPs) are now translated to clinical trials. NPs possess unique physical and chemical properties that can be advantageously used to improve the therapeutic effect of current treatments. For instance, therapeutic efficiency enhancement related to internal radiotherapy (i.e., brachytherapy), requires the development of new procedures leading to a decrease of the implant size, while increasing the dose homogeneity and distribution in tumors. Several theoretical and experimental studies based on low-dose brachytherapy seeds (e.g., 125I and 103Pd) combined with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) showed very promising results in terms of dose enhancement. Gold is a radiosensitizer that enhances the efficiency of radiotherapy by increasing the energy deposition in the surrounding tissues. Dose enhancement is caused by the photoelectric products (photoelectrons, Auger electrons, characteristic X-rays) that are generated after the irradiation of Au NPs. In this thesis, the proposed approach was to develop radioactive Au NPs as a new brachytherapy treatment for prostate cancer. The unique and innovative aspect of this strategy was to synthesize core-shell NPs based on the radioisotope palladium-103 (103Pd, 20 keV), which is currently used in low-dose rate prostate cancer brachytherapy. In this concept, the administrated dose is increased via the radiosensitization effect that is generated through the interactions of low-energy photons with the gold atoms. The proof-ofconcept of this approach was first demonstrated by the synthesis and characterization of the core-shell NPs (103Pd@Au-PEG NPs). Then, a longitudinal in vivo study following the injection of NPs in a prostate cancer xenograft murine model was performed. The therapeutic efficiency was confirmed by the tumor growth delay of the treated group as compared to the control group (untreated). Finally, a mapping study of the dose distribution generated by the NPs at the cellular and tumor levels provided new insights about the therapeutic mechanisms related to radioactive NPs. In summary, the studies presented in this thesis are precursors works in the field of nanobrachytherapy, and could pave the way for a new generation of NPs for radiotherapy.
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Troutman, Timothy. "Plasmon Resonant Nanostructures of Gold for Biomedical Applications." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194979.
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Advanced optical imaging techniques are emerging as useful ways to screen tissues for the presence of cancer. Plasmon resonant nanoparticles have unique optical properties that make them ideal for use as optical contrast agents. The capacity of these particles to serve a multifunctional role dependent on their composition and the intensity of incident light enables them to serve as diagnostic tools and to provide the therapeutic capability of photo-thermal energy conversion or the controlled release of an encapsulated agent. Likewise, the ability to degrade into components of a clearable size may enable the clinical translation of these types of particles.These properties were demonstrated by means of experiments in the support of three specific aims. The first specific aim was to determine whether the unique and tunable optical properties of nanorods lend them to generate signal in advanced optical imaging techniques, and that nanorods can facilitate photo-thermal conversion. The second specific aim was to show that liposomes can serve as a scaffold for the support of an array of gold nanodots to generate a structure that exhibit tunable plasmon resonant characteristics and a resultant ability to generate signal in optical imaging techniques while having the capability to degrade into inert particles of a size that can be readily cleared from the body via the kidney. The final specific aim was to determine whether the gold-coated liposomes of the second specific aim can serve as system for light-based delivery of an encapsulated agent in addition to its role as an optical contrast agent and its biodegradation capacity.Plasmon resonant nanorods and plasmon resonant gold-coated liposomes were generated by reducing free gold from solution onto surfactant coated seed particles and phospholipid liposomes, respectively. Both structures demonstrated the ability to generate signal in optical coherence tomography and in multi-photon confocal microscopy images. Nanorods in high intensity light demonstrate a capacity to mediate photo-thermal energy conversion. While, in similar conditions, gold-coated liposomes are shown to release their contents. Gold-coated liposomes are also shown to degrade to bioinert components of a size reasonable for rapid renal clearance using either surfactant or enzyme.
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Jabbour, Rita. "La bonne foi de l'article 1134 alinéa 3 du code civil." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010302.
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En dépit d'une formulation simple et concise, l'article 1134, alinéa 3 du Code civil a fait l'objet, au cours de ces dernières années, de vibrantes controverses. De confusions en déformations, la bonne foi avait acquis une portée distendue, déstabilisatrice de la force obligatoire de l'engagement. Son épuration s'est donc imposée, laissant transparaître une notion contenue, rivée à une fonction déterminée, le contrôle du comportement contractuel. Garante de la prévisibilité, la bonne foi intervient pour sécuriser le cadre relationnel de la convention. En transmutant la défiance en confiance, cette disposition exprime la reconnaissance renouvelée de J'acte d'adhésion à une loi que les parties ont librement créée. Cela a justifié de repenser le socle de la puissance obligatoire de l'engagement, à travers un nouveau principe fondateur, l'alliance. Il en résulte que la méconnaissance de la bonne foi est appréciée objectivement au regard de la confiance légitime induite chez les partenaires contractuels. Redéfinie, la bonne foi découvre un contenu juridique déterminé, et des manifestations catégorisables, là où la casuistique semblait triompher. L'analyse de son régime a par ailleurs permis d'en découvrir les variations. Parce que toutes les conventions n'ont pas la même vigueur, les fluctuations de l'article 1134, alinéa 3 ont été mesurées à l'aune de son seul critère d'appréciation, la confiance légitime. Une autre clé a tenu à la théorisation des sanctions applicables à la bonne foi, achevant ainsi son retour dans le contrat. Restituée dans son essence profonde, cette nonne juridique retrouve sa voie, celle de la juste mesureDespite having a simple and concise formulation, Article 1134, paragraph 3, of the Civil Code has been the subject of great controversy in recent years. Via confusion and distortion, good faith gained a distended scope, destabilizing the binding commitment. A refinement of the concept was therefore required. It reveals a contained notion, bound to a specific function : the control of contractual behavior. In reality, good faith acts to secure the relational/interpersonal frame of the contract. Transforming mistrust into trust, this provision reflects the renewed recognition of the bond to a law that the parties have freely created. This justified the reconsideration of the basis of the mandatory power of commitment by virtue of a new founding principle : the alliance. The breach of good faith is then objectively assessed in the light of legitimate expectations generated by the alliance. Invigorated, good faith uncovers a specific legal content, and its events are categorized where before casuistry seemed to triumph. The analysis of the good faith regime has likewise helped to discover its variations. Owing to the fact that not all conventions share the same strength, the fluctuations of article 1134, paragraph 3, are measured according to their sole evaluation criterion, that being legitimate expectations. Another key held in theorizing sanctions pertinent to good faith achieving its return to the contract. Restored to its very essence, this legal standard finds its way, that of the right measure
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Kling, Martin. "Hugget i sten : En kvalitativ studie om hur Gud och Moses framställs i tre nutida filmadaptioner av exodusberättelsen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-61287.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine how God and Moses are depicted in three contemporary American film adaptions of The Exodus story. The films I have analyzed are: The Ten Commandments (2006), The Bible: Exodus (2013) and Exodus: Gods and Kings (2014). For this, I have used a content analysis and Bruce Lincoln’s theory of religious maximalism and minimalism. This study has shown that the first two films are characterized by an almighty God who helps Moses from the very first step, while the third gives a more scientific explanation of e.g. the ten pledges and the crossing of the Red Sea. While God in The Bible: Exodus (2014) is also portrayed as a god who acts out of love and compassion for his people, this is not the case in the other two films which instead portray him in a much more negative light. My conclusion is therefore that these three films do not only differ in how God and Moses are depicted but that they provide us with different messages about God and religion in general.
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Clifton-Smith, Gregory James. "In the context of health care, where is God in the dark places of human experience? : implications for pastoral care." Thesis, University of Chester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10034/311264.
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Triggered by a chance pastoral encounter with a nurse who articulated a sense of the presence of God in the midst of existential darkness, this study seeks to explore two underlying questions: “In the context of health care, where is God in the “dark places” of human experience”? and “How is that experience discerned and communicated to others?” It will show how a greater understanding of these questions will add value to the provision of pastoral care in the health care environment by enabling a tailored intervention to be offered that will be to the benefit of the patient and their clinical and pastoral outcome. The research uses insights gained from academia, including theological and health care literature, to explore the former, and a musicological review to explore the latter. These are set alongside qualitative material in the form of case studies and taped interviews. Whilst this study suggests that credible belief in God is possible if God can be seen to be involved with, and supportive of, humanity in the midst of its suffering, it also shows that the way that experience is discerned and thus communicated to others, involves a process of listening and performing comparable with the act of music-making. As with its musical counterpart (incorporating elements of melody, rhythm, dynamics and timbre), this research maintains that the process of pastoral listening and performing is also multi-faceted, existing on a number of different levels. An awareness of these enables the pastoral encounter to begin to be rooted in a process of meaning-making analogous with wisdom emerging out of lament. This research further suggests that one way such wisdom can be discerned is in the way that the lament within the pastoral encounter is itself framed, using musical form as one way of holding in relationship the tradition of faith with pastoral praxis. In using specific examples of music-making as a guide to effective pastoral care, this study concludes with recommended pastoral interventions pertaining to the pastoral practice of healthcare chaplaincy, advocating that through reclaiming the spiritual space and reframing the pastoral encounter, it is still possible for chaplains to model the presence of God.
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Al-Othman, Mohammed I. O. "Good faith in contract law : with particular reference to commercial transactions in England, Scotland and selected common-law jurisdictions (Australia, South Africa and USA)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=217620.
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This thesis is study of the principle of good faith in contract law. In the last fifteen years enormous attempts have been made by contract lawyers, especially those in common law systems, to consider the question of good faith in contracts. But the approach that has been taken by those lawyers in dealing with this important question is unsatisfactory and incapable of producing a coherent understanding of the role of good faith in contracts. Instead of considering the essential question of good faith in contracts, especially commercial contracts, the debate has turned out into a battle between common law and civil law. This approach creates a polarized debate. This study will concentrate on the applications of good faith in arm 's length contractual relationships. This will no doubt concentrate the analysis on its operation in contracts generally, without involving other theories that may explain the courts' concern over the problems of bad faith conducts. Examining good faith as a general requirement in contracts is vitally important in order to reach a coherent understanding of its implications for contracting parties. This study will examine in depth the most important issues regarding the operation of the good faith principle in contract law. I will examine the rationality of this principle in pre-contractual negotiations. This area of contract raises difficult questions in many common law legal systems. The Introduction of the principle of good faith at the stage of negotiation under the PECL and the UNIDROIT Principles has strengthened the role of that principle at the formation of contracts. The interaction between the principle of good faith and express terms in contracts will also be examined in an attempt to identify the limits of the parties' freedom in the enforcement of contract terms. In addition to dealing with the operation of the principle of good faith throughout the life of the contract, it is also vitally important to analyse the general provisions of good faith in the PECL, CISG, UCC and the UNIDROIT Principles. Examining these general provisions of good faith will help us to understand its role in commercial contracts.
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Johnson, Richard H. "The believer as theologian a parish-based model of multi-generational theological reflection set within the context of sacred time /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Olsén, Anna, and Jennie Pettersson. "Likheter och skillnader i hur sjuksköterskor uppfattar begreppet "en god död" i en palliativ kontext : en kvalitativ intervjustudie." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2252.
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Världens åldrande befolkning innebär att fler människor i framtiden kommer befinna sig på den långsamma vägen mot döden. Genom att lindra lidande och främja livskvalitet kan palli-ativ vård optimera möjligheten för en god död. Sjuksköterskan tillhör den största yrkesgrup-pen inom palliativ vård och har en nyckelposition att påverka hur god döden blir. Palliativ vård ges utifrån olika former, allmän- och specialiserad palliativ vård. Den vård som ges ska oavsett specialisering utgå ifrån samma mål och kvaliteten på vården ska inte spegla orga-nisatoriska skillnader. Sjuksköterskor som idag arbetar inom palliativ vård har olika utbild-ningar, erfarenheter och vårdar personer som befinner sig i livets slutskede i olika utsträck-ning vilket kan påverka den vård som ges. Det är därför av vikt att beskriva hur sjuksköters-kor inom allmän- och specialiserad palliativ vård uppfattar begreppet "en god död". Syftet med studien var att utifrån olika vårdformer, inom vilket det bedrivs en allmän respek-tive specialiserad palliativ vård i livets slutskede, beskriva likheter och skillnader i sjukskö-terskors uppfattning av begreppet "en god död". Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ in-duktiv ansats och är deskriptiv i sin utformning. Semistrukturerade individuella intervjuer utfördes med 12 sjuksköterskor, åtta från verksamheter där det bedrivs allmän palliativ vård och fyra från verksamheter där det bedrivs specialiserad palliativ vård. Intervjuerna analy-serades genom Graneheim och Lundmans metod för kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att det fanns både likheter och skillnader i sjuksköterskors uppfattning av begreppet "en god död". Likheterna synliggjordes genom gemensamma kategorier. Dessa var: En död utan lidande, En död som är förenlig med den döende personens egna önskemål inför döden, En död som är förväntad och införstådd av den döende personen och alla runtomkring, Att bli bemött och behandlad som en människa inför döden, Att få möjlighet till lugn och av-skildhet i en familjär miljö samt Att få stöd från och kunna förlita sig på sjukvårdspersonalen. Likheterna synliggjordes också i underkategorier, där fler är gemensamma för sjuksköterskor inom både allmän- och specialiserad palliativ vård. Skillnader i hur "en god död" uppfattas illustreras genom skilda underkategorier men också genom olikheter inom underkategorier. Studien visade att en god död i stora drag uppfattas lika bland sjuksköterskor inom allmän- och specialiserad palliativ vård och att skillnaderna ligger i de mer specifika delarna av en god död samt i de förutsättningar som finns inom respektive vårdform. Sjuksköterskors förutsätt-ningar att arbeta för en god död påverkas därmed av organisatoriska skillnader och vården riskerar att bli ojämlik. Studien tillför trots detta hopp inför framtidens palliativa vård ef-tersom ett palliativt förhållningssätt avspeglas inom både allmän- och specialiserad palliativ vård. För att göra möjligheten till "en god död" mer jämlik i framtiden bör fokus ligga på att förbättra förutsättningarna inom verksamheter där det bedrivs allmän palliativ vård.
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Bordin, Marcela Ilha. "Identities in context : gender and race in William Faulkner's Light in august and Zora Neale Hurston's Their eyes were watching god." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131632.
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Este trabalho é dedicado à análise de duas obras ficcionais, “Their Eyes Were Watching God”, de Zora Neale Hurston, e “Light in August”, de William Faulkner. O ponto de partida da análise é a ideia que identidades são construídas de acordo com injunções discursivas específicas, que variam de contexto para contexto. Para tanto, foram analisados os dois personagens principais dos textos, Janie Crawford, uma mulher negra, e Joe Christmas, um homem cuja identidade racial é desconhecida. A comparação entre os dois se baseou na forma como ambas as identidades são construídas nos romances, em relação ao seu acesso à língua e a possibilidade de articulação dentro dela, e ao contexto no qual estão inseridos.This research is dedicated to the analysis of two fictional works, Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) by Zora Neale Hurston and Light in August (1932) by William Faulkner. The starting point of the analysis is the idea that identities are constructed according to specific discursive injunctions, which vary from context to context. The study is focused on the main characters of both novels, Janie Crawford, a black woman, and Joe Christmas, a man whose racial identity is unknown. The comparison between the two characters is based on how their identities are constructed in the novels in relation to their access to language and their possibility of articulating within it, and the context in which they are inserted.
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Siri, Romain. "Essai d'une théorie générale de la clause contractuelle : réflexions de lege lata et de lege ferenda à partir du droit commun du contrat." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32061.
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Le contrat peut se présenter comme un ensemble de clauses contractuelles. Pour autant, le tout est plus que la somme des parties. La réunion des clauses autour du contrat donne naissance à une entité qui peut prétendre acquérir une vie propre, autonome détachée de ses éléments constitutifs originels. En tant que notion fonctionnelle, le contrat assure intellectuellement sa propre unicité. Le contrat est l’élément fédérateur qui cimente la relation contractuelle au point de dépasser la singularité des clauses qui le composent. En vertu d’une analyse traditionnelle, le contrat a toujours été appréhendé de manière globale, il est analysé comme une compilation de clauses. Il a toujours fait l’objet d’études d’ensemble. La clause n’est alors que l’un des éléments du contrat qui se décompose en clauses. Cependant, chaque partie est plus qu’un élément du tout. Les clauses contractuelles gagnent donc en autonomie. L’éclatement du centre du contrat conduit à favoriser les clauses comme centre d’intérêt. À travers le contrat, il s’agit de voir ses clauses. Le contrat met en corrélation des clauses dont certaines peuvent vivre sans lui. Une clause peut donc se voir privée d’effets indépendamment du sort du contrat ou survivre après l’anéantissement du contrat. On s’intéresse alors aux stipulations d’un acte juridique pour en définir le régime juridique et non plus seulement au contrat dans son ensemble. Le contrat a toujours par le passé été appréhendé dans une analyse globale, c’est-à-dire comme un tout produisant des obligations. Désormais, les contrats sont disséqués. Ce que l’on analyse ce sont ses stipulations, car ce qui importe c’est l’inclusion ou l’exclusion d’un certain nombre de clauses. Il convient à présent de doter la clause d’un statut juridique général. La conception globalisante du contrat est critiquée. Le contrat doit être disséqué, dépecé, atomisé pour découvrir sous l’ensemble composite du contrat ses clauses. Le contrat produit des sous-ensembles composés par les clauses contractuelles. La clause contractuelle et le contrat sont en relation d’interdépendanceContract can be presented like a whole clauses. For all that, all is more that the sum of parties. Bringing together many clauses round contract give rise to a entity which can assert a life particular, autonomous detached of his elements constituent original. In so far as notion functional, contract ensure intellectually your own uniqueness. Contract is the element federative which consolidate the relation until pass the peculiarity of clauses which her compose. Under this analysis traditional, contract had always been apprehended globally, it’s like a compilation of clauses. It’s had always did the purpose of investigations globally. Clause is at that time that one of elements of contract which decompose to clauses. However, each party is more than element of all. Clauses earn therefore autonomy. Dispersal of center contract lead to favour clauses like centre of interest. Throught contract, it comes to see clauses. Contract is related clauses which somme can live whitout it. Clause can be seen deprive effects independently of situation of contract ou survive after destruction of contract. It interest then legal transaction to define legal juridical and no more only contract on the whole. Contract had always by past apprenhended in analysis global that is like a all producing obligations. In future, contracts are dissected. What it analyse those stipulations because that what signify it is inclusion or exclusion of many clauses. It is agreed at present to dower clause of status general. The conception global is criticized. Contract must be dissected, dismembered, atomized to discover under unity composite contract his clauses. Contract produce subset compose by clauses. Contract and clause are in relation interdependence
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Bayley, John Edward. "A Doctrine of Good Faith in New Zealand Contractual Relationships." University of Canterbury. Law, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2862.
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The majority of established legal systems are predisposed to the express recognition of good faith in contract. The apparent pressure for harmonisation of contract law arising from globalisation and political union will necessitate the Anglo-Commonwealth common law countries addressing their historical resistance to the observance of a general obligation of good faith. Accordingly this thesis appraises whether there is a requirement for a universal doctrine of good faith in New Zealand contractual relationships. The manuscript focuses on a prospective common law doctrine operating primarily as a rule of construction. It identifies the limits of such a judicial doctrine including its probable lack of application to non-contractual dealings and the likely need for a legislative duty if contracting parties are to be precluded from excluding the obligation. The characteristics of the subject doctrine are explored including the potential definition and uses of good faith. Whilst it is shown that good faith serves an important role in contract law, the analysis reveals that there is no current requirement for an express doctrine within New Zealand. The entrenched ‘piecemeal’ approach synonymous with Anglo-New Zealand contract law is not demonstrably deficient when gauged against the reasonable expectations of contracting parties. The current methodology is preferred to a general, unfamiliar and uncertain good faith principle which is likely to be reduced to equate with the existing New Zealand law in any event. Further, duties consonant with good faith may enhance economic efficiency but not in some instances. Good faith is therefore best imposed in specific circumstances rather than as a universal doctrine. Likewise, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that New Zealand is impaired in the international arena due to a lack of good faith despite pressure for New Zealand to accord with widespread overseas practice. The principle is of minimal utility in international trade where commercial certitude is paramount. Although an imperfect exemplar, the unresolved issues pertaining to contractual good faith in domestic American law confirms the identified reservations associated with the subject doctrine.
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Chadwick, Stephen. "The social contract tradition and international relations." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU105576.
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This thesis is a study of the normative views of international relations proposed by philosophers in the social contract tradition of political theory. I have concentrated on the theories of Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant and Rawls. Part one of the thesis provides the theoretical background to the practical issues of international relations discussed in part two. In chapter one I summarise the main points in their political theories which are necessary for a full understanding of their views of international relations. Chapter two is concerned with general approaches to international relations - internationalism, cosmopolitanism and international moral scepticism. Throughout part two, I use the internationalist/cosmopolitan distinction in order to evaluate the international norms proposed by the contract theorists. Part two is concerned with practical problems of international relations. Chapter three concentrates on issues of war and peace. Many of the contract theorists propose internationalist just war theories, but I show that such principles do not necessarily conflict with a cosmopolitan conception of morality. Inter-state government is discussed in chapter four. I ask whether such an institution is the logical outcome of Hobbes' political theory, and examine proposals for an international federation by the Abbé de Saint-Pierre, who accepted much of Hobbes' domestic theory, and Kant who provides perhaps the most famous example. Chapter five is concerned with international distributive justice. I provide an interpretation of Locke's theory of property which leads to a radical stance in the international domain. As Rawls' theory of distributive justice has received much attention, I also examine how such a theory should apply to the international domain, paying particular attention to the views of Charles Beitz and Thomas Pogge.
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Van, der Sijde Elsabe. "The role of good faith in the South African law of contract." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27443.
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In South Africa, courts and academia frequently refer to contracts as bonae fidei agreements. Often this term is invoked without further explanation or reflection on what the meaning of this term is. Upon closer inspection it seems that the phrase “bonae fidei has largely become devoid of any meaning. This study embarks upon a critical analysis of case law leading up to the remarks of the Constitutional Court in Everfresh Market Virginia (Pty) Ltd v Shoprite Checkers Ltd 2012 (1) SA 256 (CC); 2012 (3) BCLR 219 (CC), with the aim of determining what the role of good faith in the South African law of contract is and how this concept is approached by South African courts. A brief overview of the historical origins of the concept is given and the English law is considered as a foreign jurisdiction in order to gain understanding of how the concept is dealt with elsewhere. This study does not propose to undertake an in-depth study of consumer protection legislation. The justification for this decision lies in the fact that moving beyond this scope will prove to be too wide a field of study; hindering the in-depth discussion and evaluation of the common law and moving beyond the research aims of this dissertation. A critical analysis of South African case law indicates that it is unlikely that the courts in South Africa will adopt a general defence based on good faith that would empower courts to set aside otherwise enforceable agreements. The principle of good faith now forms part of the umbrella defence of public policy: it is finally accepted that public policy is invested in equitable contractual relationships and not only in upholding the principle of pacta servanda sunt. This study shows that good faith has a more active role to play in the law of contract as there is a duty upon courts to develop the common law so as to bring it in line with constitutional norms and values. This study illustrates the importance of open-ended concepts such as good faith and ubuntu to achieve a greater degree of equity and justice between contracting parties. The conclusion is reached that public policy is informed by the reigning ideology of the day: the contract law of South Africa must reflect its adherence to upholding and promoting the values and norms underlying the Constitution. If courts step up and uphold the constitutional mandate to develop the common law to bring it in line with constitutional values and norms, there will be very little need for legislative interference.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Private Law
unrestricted
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Perrinet, Olivier. "Analyse de l'endurance de contacts électriques Sn, Au et Ag soumis à des sollicitations complexes de fretting usure." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0009.
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Dans les applications automobiles et dans d'autres domaines (énergie, aviation, etc), le nombre d'appareils électroniques a augmenté de façon significative au cours des dernières décennies. La sécurité des systèmes et des personnes repose sur la qualité de connecteurs électriques. Toutefois, soumis à des vibrations (moteur de la voiture, de l'environnement) des microdéplacements sont induits à l’interface. La problématique du contact électrique est principalement liée à l'altération de la conduction de faible courant (5mA) dans les interfaces soumises à des contraintes mécaniques de glissement répétitifs engendrant un phénomène bien connu de fretting par l’usure. La sollicitation de fretting usure apparait comme un processus de dégradation très pénalisant. Outre la détérioration des surfaces, ce processus conduit à une augmentation de la résistance électrique des contacts et à une possible perte du signal électrique. Ceci est particulièrement le cas pour les connecteurs bas niveau très sensibles aux fluctuations de la résistance électrique. Pour remédier à cela, les acteurs de la connectique développent de nouveaux dépôts pour limiter l’utilisation de dépôts nobles tels que l’or. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont d’établir une "table d’utilisation" des revêtements en fonction de sollicitations précises et de mettre en place une méthodologie dans le choix des dépôts en vue d’optimiser la durée de vie des connecteurs. L’étude aborde différents aspects tels que les influences des conditions de chargements mécaniques, des épaisseurs de dépôts, du type de dépôt (noble, non noble, dopé), de l’amplitude de débattement (micro-déplacement et grand déplacement) et la formalisation de l’endurance électrique (loi puissance et approche énergétique)In automotive applications and in other areas (energy, aviation, etc.), the number of electronic devices has increased significantly in recent last decades. Systems and people securities are based on the quality of electrical connectors. However, submitted to vibrations (car engine, environment) micro-displacements are induced at the interface. The problem of electrical contact is mainly due to the impairment of low current conduction (5mA) in interfaces subjected to repetitive sliding displacement generating a well-known fretting wear phenomenon. Fretting wear solicitation appears as a process of very detrimental degradation. Besides surface deterioration, this process leads an increase of the electrical contact resistance and a possible loss of the electrical signal. This is particularly the case of the low level connectors which are very sensitive to electrical contact fluctuations. To remedy, connections actors develop new deposits to limit the use of noble ones such as gold. The objectives of this thesis are to establish a "table of use" coatings based on specific solicitations and define a methodology for the selection of deposits to optimize the lifetime connectors. The study covers different aspects such as the mechanical loading conditions influence, the thickness deposits influence, the type of deposit (noble, non-noble, doped), the displacement amplitude (microdisplacement and large displacement) and the electrical endurance formalization (energetic approach and power law)
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Lefer, Camille. "Les droits potestatifs dans le contrat de travail." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020039/document.
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Le droit potestatif permet à son titulaire de créer, modifier ou éteindre la situation juridique d’autrui. La relation de travail, quant à elle, est empreinte d’une logique de pouvoir(s). Comment intégrer dans ces conditions le concept de droit potestatif au contrat de travail ? Comment ce dernier réceptionne-t-il la potestativité ? À quel prix la figure du droit potestatif s’adapte-t-elle ? Si les droits potestatifs sont acceptés dans le contrat de travail, ce n’est que de manière encadrée, dirigée, limitée. Les droits potestatifs sont alors contrôlés et sanctionnés par une jurisprudence qui entend en faire respecter l’esprit et les limites. Mais, parce que le droit potestatif s’exerce au moyen d’un acte unilatéral, parce qu’il s’agit de la faculté d’imposer sa volonté à autrui, les intérêts du destinataire ne doivent-ils pas a minima être préservés ? L’objet du contrat de travail, la subordination du salarié, pose ainsi notamment la question de la place à accorder aux droits et libertés fondamentaux du salariéA potestative right allows his holder to create, modify or extinguish another’s legal situation. The employment relation, as for it, is marked by a logic of power(s). How, in these conditions, does the concept of potestative right enter the employment contract? How does the latter receive the potestative right ? What sacrifices should be made by the potestative rights ?If potestative rights are accepted in the employment contract, it is only in a framed, supervised and limited way. Potestative rights are then controlled and sanctioned by judges willing to enforce both its spirit and limits.However, since the potestative right is applied through a unilateral act, because it concerns the ability to impose one’s will upon others, shouldn’t the interests of the recipient be preserved, at the very least? The object of the employment contract, the subordination of the employee, therefore leads towards the question of the place to begiven to the employee’s fundamental rights and freedoms
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Халецька, Леся Пилипівна. "Принципи якості веб-сайтів установ культури та науки: європейський досвід." Thesis, Талком, 2015. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/22906.
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Халецька Л. Принципи якості веб-сайтів установ культури та науки: європейський досвід / Л. Халецька // Історико-культурна спадщина: збереження, доступ, використання : матер. Міжнар. наук.-практ. конф., м. Київ, 7–9 квітня 2015 р., Національний авіаційний університет / редкол. Тюрменко І. І. та ін. – К. : Талком, 2015. – С. 230–233.The article deals with the quality problem of cultural and scientific websites.
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Pietrzak, Elżbieta. "Wpływ galaktooligosacharydów na modulację ekspresji genów związanych z układem immunologicznym ptaków i ryb." Rozprawa doktorska, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy w Bydgoszczy, 2020. http://dlibra.utp.edu.pl/Content/3212.
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Celem pracy było określenie wpływu galaktooligosacharydów GOS (oligosacharydów regulujących skład mikrobioty jelitowej oraz modulijącuch odpowiedź immunologiczną gospodarza) na modulację ekspresji genów związanych z układem immunologicznym ptaków i ryb. Wykazano, że stosowanie prebiotyku GOS w praktyce hodowlanej z wykorzystaniem metody in ovo lub jako dodatek paszowy, może przyczynić się do poprawy zdrowotności zwierząt w produkcji drobiarskiej oraz akwakulturze