To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Contagion sociale.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contagion sociale'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Contagion sociale.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Crepin, Alice. "Effet de la contagion sociale et des caractéristiques du bouche-à-oreille visuel sur le sentiment exprimé et l’intention d’achat." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED043.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche vise à comprendre comment le bouche-à-oreille électronique visuel émis par un youtubeur influence le sentiment et l’intention d’achat des consommateurs. Nous étudions l’impact des caractéristiques du bouche-à-oreille et l’effet de la contagion sociale.Les résultats principaux sont :1. Le statut professionnel du youtubeur, l’existence de liens commerciaux entre marques et youtubeurs et la valence de la revue ont un impact sur le sentiment exprimé et par conséquent l’intention d’achat.2. Il existe une contagion sociale, à la fois émotionnelle et comportementale au sein de l’audience d’un bouche-à-oreille électronique et visuel qui impacte son efficacité.3. Le nombre d’abonnés d’un individu (caractéristique individuelle du commentateur) impacte sa sensibilité à la contagion socialeThis research aims to understand how the visual electronic word of mouth emitted by a youtubeur influences the affect and the purchase intention of the consumers. We study the impact of word of mouth characteristics and the effect of social contagion.The main results are:1. The professional status of the youtubeur, the existence of commercial links between brands and youtubers and the valence of the magazine have an impact on the feeling expressed and therefore the intention to purchase.2. There is a social contagion, both emotional and behavioral within the audience of electronic and visual word of mouth that impacts its effectiveness.3. The number of subscribers of an individual (individual characteristic of the commentator) impacts his sensitivity to social contagion
2
Cyr, Chantal. "Les conversations mère-enfant en relation avec l'attachement et l'adaptation sociale de l'enfant /." Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24173992.
Full text
3
Bourgais, Mathieu. "Vers des agents cognitifs, affectifs et sociaux dans la simulation." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR20/document.
Full textAbstract:
Au cours des dernières années, l'utilisation de simulations à base d'agents pour étudier les systèmes sociaux s'est étendue à de nombreux domaines (géographie, écologie, sociologie, économie, etc.). Ces simulations visent à reproduire des situations réelles impliquant des acteurs humains ; il est donc nécessaire d'y intégrer des agents complexes reproduisant le comportement des personnes simulées. Par conséquent, des notions telles que la cognition, les émotions, la personnalité, les relations sociales ou les normes doivent être prises en compte. Pour autant, il n'existe actuellement aucune architecture d'agent intégrant toutes ces caractéristiques et pouvant être utilisée par la majorité des modélisateurs, y compris ceux n'étant pas expert en programmation informatique. Dans cette thèse, l'architecture BEN (Behavior with Emotions and Norms) est présentée pour répondre à cette question. Il s'agit d'une architecture modulaire basée sur le modèle BDI de la cognition avec des modules pour ajouter des émotions, de la contagion émotionnelle, une personnalité, des relations sociales et des normes au comportement des agents. Ces dimensions comportementales sont formalisées de manière à ce qu'elles puissent fonctionner ensemble pour produire un comportement crédible dans le contexte des simulations sociales. L'architecture est implémentée dans la plate-forme de simulation GAMA afin de la rendre utilisable par la communauté des simulations sociales. Enfin, BEN est utilisé pour étudier deux cas d'évacuation d'une boîte de nuit en feu, montrant que l'architecture est actuellement utilisable à travers son implémentation dans GAMA et qu'elle permet aux modélisateurs de reproduire des situations réelles impliquant des acteurs humainsOver the last few years, the use of agent-based simulations to study social systems has spread to many domains (e.g. geography, ecology, sociology, economy). These simulations aim to reproduce real life situations involving human beings and thus need to integrate complex agents to match the behavior of the people simulated. Therefore, notions such as cognition, emotions, personality, social relations or norms have to be taken into account, but currently there is no agent architecture that could incorporate all these features and be used by the majority of modelers, including those with low levels of skills in programming. In this thesis, the BEN (Behavior with Emotions and Norms) architecture is introduced to tackle this issue. It is a modular architecture based on the BDI model of cognition featuring modules for adding emotions, emotional contagion, personality, social relations and norms to agent behavior. These behavioral dimensions are formalised in a way so they may operate together to produce a believable behavior in the context of social simulations. The architecture is implemented into the GAMA simulation platform in order to make it usable by the social simulation community. Finally, BEN is used to study two cases of evacuation of a nightclub on fire, showing it is currently usable throught its implementation into GAMA and it enables modelers to reproduce real life situations involving human actors
4
Paone, Valérie. "La responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise à l'épreuve des faits : contribution à l'étude de l'entreprise à l'épreuve des faits : contribution à l'étude et à la compréhension d'un système de contagion : de l'éphiphénomène à la référence." Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0634.
Full textAbstract:
L’objet de ce travail de recherche est de contribuer à l’étude et à la compréhension des modalités d’adhésion généralisées des politiques de Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises (RSE), et la diffusion du concept au sein des sociétés transnationales. Nous nous sommes inscrits dans la lignée des travaux de Miles (1987) sur le degré d’exposition globale, complétés et testés par Weber et Wasieleski (2003). Le degré d’exposition globale (DEG) selon Miles (1987) permet d’expliquer la réponse sociale faite par l’entreprise, car il établit le niveau de sensibilisation du lien entre l’entreprise et son environnement. Il influencerait la réponse et la nature de la réponse du manager. Miles (1987) propose un outil cartographique que nous avons développé et approfondi afin d’établir un outil d’évaluation et de prédiction de la variabilité du DEG. A partir d’une approche qualimétrique (Boje 1988), nous avons cherché à expliquer et à démontrer une voie qui complète la compréhension des modalités d’adhésion de politiques de RSE, et sa diffusion généralisée. A cette fin, notre travail est divisé en trois parties. La première partie étudie les conditions d’existence et les modalités d’émergence de la RSE en mobilisant les apports conceptuels nécessaires centrés sur les Sciences de Gestion. La seconde partie développe les lignes de fracture et les contradictions qui subsistent dans la compréhension de l’intérêt généralisé de la part des sociétés transnationales. Puis après avoir étudié les processus des choix des grandes entreprises à partir de l’influence de l’environnement et de la compétition, nous présentons le modèle de Miles (1987), et les travaux qui l’ont testé. Ceci nous permettra de justifier et de présenter notre outil cartographique. La troisième partie a été consacrée à l’étude empirique. A l’issue des différentes étapes et des tests statistiques effectués, nous proposons une nouvelle cartographie du DEG, ainsi qu’un outil d’aide à la décision pour les sociétés transnationales. L’outil proposé et les résultats dégagés nous ont permis d’envisager la possibilité d’une rupture dans le mode d’adhésion volontaireThe object of this research task is to contribute to the study and the understanding of the massive adhesions to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and its spread within the Transnational Corporations (TNCs). We fell under the line of Miles’work (1987) based on the global exposure degree (GED), supplemented and tested by Weber and Wasieleski (2003). The global exposure degree, according to Miles (1987) is the main criteria to explain the social answer made by the company, as it establishes the level of sensitizing of the bond between the company and its environment. It would influence consequently the response and the nature of the answer of the manager. Miles (1987) proposes a cartographic tool that we have developed and deepened in order to establish an evaluation and prediction tool of the variability of the GED. Following a qualimetric approach (Boje 1988), we sought to explain and show a way which supplements the current comprehension of CSR adhesion. For this purpose, our thesis is structured in three parts. The first part studies the conditions of existence and the procedures of emergence of the CSR by mobilizing the necessary conceptual contributions focused on Sciences of Management. The second part develops the lines of fracture and contradictions which remain in the comprehension of the generalized interest of the transnational companies. Then we focus on the choices process of the Transnational Corporations through the influence of the environment and the competition. Finally we present the models of reference, in order to justify and to present our cartographic tool. The third part was devoted to the empirical study. At the end of the various stages and of the different statistical tests carried out, we propose a new cartography of the GED, and a tool of decision-making for the Transnational Corporations. The proposed tool and the released results enabled us to consider the possibility of a rupture in the voluntary mode of adhesion
5
Kuhlman, Christopher J. "High Performance Computational Social Science Modeling of Networked Populations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51175.
Full textAbstract:
Dynamics of social processes in populations, such as the spread of emotions, influence, opinions, and mass movements (often referred to individually and collectively as contagions), are increasingly studied because of their economic, social, and political impacts. Moreover, multiple contagions may interact and hence studying their simultaneous evolution is important. Within the context of social media, large datasets involving many tens of millions of people are leading to new insights into human behavior, and these datasets continue to grow in size. Through social media, contagions can readily cross national boundaries, as evidenced by the 2011 Arab Spring. These and other observations guide our work. Our goal is to study contagion processes at scale with an approach that permits intricate descriptions of interactions among members of a population. Our contributions are a modeling environment to perform these computations and a set of approaches to predict contagion spread size and to block the spread of contagions. Since we represent populations as networks, we also provide insights into network structure effects, and present and analyze a new model of contagion dynamics that represents a person\'s behavior in repeatedly joining and withdrawing from collective action. We study variants of problems for different classes of social contagions, including those known as simple and complex contagions.Ph. D.
6
Unicomb, Samuel Lee. "Threshold driven contagion on complex networks." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN003.
Full textAbstract:
Les interactions entre les composants des systèmes complexes font émerger différents types de réseaux. Ces réseaux peuvent jouer le rôle d’un substrat pour des processus dynamiques tels que la diffusion d’informations ou de maladies dans des populations. Les structures de ces réseaux déterminent l’évolution d’un processus dynamique, en particulier son régime transitoire, mais aussi les caractéristiques du régime permanent. Les systèmes complexes réels manifestent des interactions hétérogènes en type et en intensité. Ces systèmes sont représentés comme des réseaux pondérés à plusieurs couches. Dans cette thèse, nous développons une équation maîtresse afin d’intégrer ces hétérogénéités et d’étudier leurs effets sur les processus de diffusion. À l’aide de simulations mettant en jeu des réseaux réels et générés, nous montrons que les dynamiques de diffusion sont liées de manière non triviale à l’hétérogénéité de ces réseaux, en particulier la vitesse de propagation d’une contagion basée sur un effet de seuil. De plus, nous montrons que certaines classes de réseaux sont soumises à des transitions de phase réentrantes fonctions de la taille des “global cascades”. La tendance des réseaux réels à évoluer dans le temps rend difficile la modélisation des processus de diffusion. Nous montrons enfin que la durée de diffusion d’un processus de contagion basé sur un effet de seuil change de manière non-monotone du fait de la présence de “rafales” dans les motifs d’interactions. L’ensemble de ces résultats mettent en lumière les effets de l’hétérogénéité des réseaux vis-à-vis des processus dynamiques y évoluantNetworks arise frequently in the study of complex systems, since interactions among the components of such systems are critical. Net- works can act as a substrate for dynamical process, such as the diffusion of information or disease throughout populations. Network structure can determine the temporal evolution of a dynamical process, including the characteristics of the steady state. The simplest representation of a complex system is an undirected, unweighted, single layer graph. In contrast, real systems exhibit heterogeneity of interaction strength and type. Such systems are frequently represented as weighted multiplex networks, and in this work we in- corporate these heterogeneities into a master equation formalism in order to study their effects on spreading processes. We also carry out simulations on synthetic and empirical networks, and show that spread- ing dynamics, in particular the speed at which contagion spreads via threshold mechanisms, depend non-trivially on these heterogeneities. Further, we show that an important family of networks undergo reentrant phase transitions in the size and frequency of global cascades as a result of these interactions. A challenging feature of real systems is their tendency to evolve over time, since the changing structure of the underlying network is critical to the behaviour of overlying dynamical processes. We show that one aspect of temporality, the observed “burstiness” in interaction patterns, leads to non-monotic changes in the spreading time of threshold driven contagion processes. The above results shed light on the effects of various network heterogeneities, with respect to dynamical processes that evolve on these networks
7
Hill, Alison Lynn. "Dynamics of HIV treatment and social contagion." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10814.
Full textAbstract:
Modern-day management of infectious diseases is critically linked to the use of mathematical models to understand and predict dynamics at many levels, from the mechanisms of pathogenesis to the patterns of population-wide transmission and evolution. This thesis describes the development and application of mathematical techniques for HIV infection and dynamics on social networks. Treatment of HIV infection has improved dramatically in the past few decades but is still limited by the development of drug resistance and the inability of current therapies to completely eradicate the virus from an individual. We begin with a synthesis of the important evolutionary principles governing the HIV epidemic, emphasizing the role of modeling. We then describe a modeling framework to study the emergence of drug-resistant HIV within a patient. Our model integrates laboratory data and patient behavior, with the goal of predicting outcomes of clinical trials. Current results demonstrate how pharmacologic properties of antiretroviral drugs affect selection for drug resistance, and can explain drug-class-specific resistance risks. Thirdly, we describe models for a new class of drugs that aim to eliminate cells with latent viral infection. We provide estimates for the required efficacy of these drugs and describe the potential challenges of future clinical trials. Finally, models and mechanisms for understanding viral dynamics are increasingly finding applications outside traditional virology. They can be used to study the dynamics of behaviors, to help predict and intervene in their spread. We describe techniques for applying infectious disease models to social contagion, drawing on techniques for network epidemiology. We use this framework to interpret data on the interpersonal spread of health-related behaviors.
8
Nash, Graham. "Social contagion of migration from South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25264.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to identify to what extent the primary drivers of migration gain influence due to social contagion effects – in other words, to what extent the metaphor of an “epidemic” can be used to describe emigration. The scope of the research is limited to the migration of individuals from South Africa to countries abroad. A model is developed as a means with which to analyse the premise that social contagion influences migration due to its effect on the underlying driver's thereof. Results obtained through analysis of secondary data reveal the primary drivers of migration, their trends and their relative influence within the population. Results obtained through simulation revealed that the impact of general crises attributable to a particular determinant of migration is fleeting and that increased rates will subside in time. In contrast, as random isolated events related to the primary drivers of migration increase in frequency and intensity, so too does migration. In addition, drivers disseminated through social contagion discouraging migration from South Africa are found to be capable of negating the influence of the determinants of migration. CopyrightDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
9
Houghton, James P. Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Interdependent diffusion : the social contagion of interacting beliefs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129089.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, September, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
A common simplifying assumption in theories of social contagion is that ideas or beliefs spread from person to person in a social network without regard to other ideas or beliefs that spread concurrently. This assumption is both useful and generative, as it allows researchers to produce tractable models of the effects of network structure and social reinforcement on diffusion patterns. Unfortunately, the social contagion of multiple beliefs cannot be understood by linearly superimposing the results of independent contagion processes. Any decision that a human makes to adopt an idea or belief is influenced by the other ideas and beliefs that she already holds. This dissertation shows that interdependence between beliefs alters the progress of social contagion to create internally-consistent clusters of beliefs within subsets of the population (worldviews) and contributes to polarization. The first paper of this dissertation comprises a method for observing the evolution of broadly-held structures of beliefs. The paper uses a case study with social media data to demonstrate the clustering of beliefs that emerges due to their mutual interaction. The second paper introduces a formal theory of interdependent diffusion which attempts to explain the mechanisms by which micro-scale interactions between beliefs lead to macro-scale outcomes for societies. The third paper reports an online laboratory experiment to test whether the predicted theoretical outcomes hold when the decision rules of simulated agents are replaced with actual human actors exchanging actual information.
by James Houghton.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
10
Bacaksizlar, Nazmiye Gizem. "Understanding Social Movements through Simulations of Anger Contagion in Social Media." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13805848.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation investigates emotional contagion in social movements within social media platforms, such as Twitter. The main research question is: How does a protest behavior spread in social networks? The following sub-questions are: (a) What is the dynamic behind the anger contagion in online social networks? (b) What are the key variables for ensuring emotional spread? We gained access to Twitter data sets on protests in Charlotte, NC (2016) and Charlottesville, VA (2017). Although these two protests differ in their triggering points, they have similarities in their macro behaviors during the peak protest times. To understand the influence of anger spread among users, we extracted user mention networks from the data sets. Most of the mentioned users are influential ones, who have a significant number of followers. This shows that influential users occur as the highest in-degree nodes in the core of the networks, and a change in these nodes affects all connected public users/nodes. Then, we examined modularity measures quite high within users’ own communities. After implementing the networks, we ran experiments on the anger spread according to various theories with two main assumptions: (1) Anger is the triggering emotion for protests and (2) Twitter mentions affect distribution of influence in social networks. We found that user connections with directed links are essential for the spread of influence and anger; i.e., the angriest users are the most isolated ones with less number of followers, which signifies their low impact level in the network.
11
Moore, Penny Louise. "Affect transfer : emotional contagion, social appraisal, and interpersonal history." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669956.
Full text
12
Hill, Edward. "Mathematical modelling approaches for spreading processes : zoonotic influenza and social contagion." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/91483/.
Full textAbstract:
Mathematical models are a fundamental component of many epidemiological studies. While models of infectious disease are well established, there are evident methodological gaps when attempting to provide realistic descriptions of particular biological systems. In this thesis we probe questions related to two global public health problems, zoonotic influenza and depression, requiring innovative modelling approaches to be developed, analysed and fitted to data. We give particular consideration to parameter inference schemes to gain insights into the dynamics of these illnesses, and model simulation for validation and prediction purposes, including assessing intervention impact. First, we investigate zoonotic influenza transmission at a local scale, our example being H5N1 in Bangladesh. It is vital to devise new models incorporating zoonotic transmission, and establish the factors enabling both continued transmission within poultry and spillover across the poultry-human divide. We outline a set of candidate transmission models, with a zoonotic transmission component, parameterised with a Bayesian inference scheme using data from two H5N1 outbreaks in the Dhaka region. Applied at two distinct spatial scales, we elucidate the model considerations that best capture the size and spatial distribution of reported cases. Simulations then illustrate the predicted impact of interventions designed to reduce H5N1 transmission. Second, the emergence of influenza strains with pandemic potential is considered from a global viewpoint. Using a Bayesian model selection approach we compare plausible model hypotheses regarding the mechanisms driving influenza pandemic occurrences. Analysing the time periods between putative influenza pandemics since 1700, it is shown the weight of evidence favours influenza pandemic emergence being history-dependent, rather than a memoryless process. Predictive distributions are then presented for the expected number of pandemic events from 2010 to 2110. Third, spread of behaviour-linked health problems are amenable to being represented with methodological approaches typically used to model infectious diseases. We explore this with regards to depression, using a longitudinal dataset comprising information on both the in-school friendships and mood status of US adolescents. A novel model is described that exploits the dynamical behaviour of mood over time to ascertain which mood states spread on social networks, via a contagion-like mechanism, and which do not.
13
Haworth, H. "Structural models of credit with default contagion." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437010.
Full textAbstract:
Multi-asset credit derivatives trade in huge volumes, yet no models exist that are capable of properly accounting for the spread behaviour of dependent companies. In this thesis we consider new ways of incorporating a richer and more realistic dependence structure into multi-firm models. We focus on the structural framework in which firm value is modelled as a geometric Brownian motion, with default as the first hitting time of an exponential default threshold. Specification of a dependence structure consisting of a common driving influence and firm-specific inter-company ties allows for both default causality and default asymmetry and we incorporate default contagion in the first passage framework for the first time. Building on the work by Zhou (2001a), we propose an analytical model for corporate bond yields in the presence of default contagion and two-firm credit default swap baskets. We derive closed-form solutions for credit spreads, and results clearly highlight the importance of dependence assumptions. Extending this framework numerically, we calculate CDS spreads for baskets of three firms with a wide variety of credit dependence specifications. We examine the impact of firm value correlation and credit contagion for symmetric and asymmetric baskets, and incorporate contagion that has a declining impact over time.
14
Overton, Jon. "Status Contagion: The Spread of Status Value between People." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1530180135926931.
Full text
15
Yazbeck, Myra. "Three essays in health economics." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28786/28786.pdf.
Full text
16
Scarapicchia, Tanya. "The motivational effects of social contagion on exercise participation in young women." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114409.
Full textAbstract:
This experimental study examined differences between a group of women who exercised within an intrinsically-motivating group or extrinsically motivating group on: (i) ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), percentage of maximal heart rate (% of HR max) and total physical activity (PA) counts during an exercise session; (ii) exercise persistence immediately following the experimental manipulation; (iii) change in positive and negative mood during an exercise session; and (iv) post-experimental motivation outcomes (e.g., perceived competence in executing the task, interest, effort and pressure/tension experienced in performing the task). Young inactive healthy weight females (N = 42; Mage = 21.59 + 3.31 years; MBMI = 21.59 + 2.11 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to exercise on a treadmill alongside a confederate who was providing them with either intrinsic or extrinsic verbal cues, depending on the experimental group. Exercise duration, HR and exertion were recorded. Participants also completed a self-report questionnaire assessing mood pre and post-PA and post-PA motivation. Participants in the intrinsic motivation confederate group reported significantly higher RPE values after 8 minutes of exercise, exercised at a higher % of their HR max, had a higher PA count, and a greater percentage exercised for a longer duration when compared to participants in the extrinsic motivation group. An increased perception of vigor was reported after the exercise, regardless of group. In addition, participants in the intrinsic motivation group perceived that they exerted more effort than those in the extrinsic motivation group. Overall these findings suggest that exercise motivation can be "contagious" through verbal cues and that exercising with a partner who is intrinsically motivated can have beneficial outcomes on one's own exercise behaviours.Cette étude examine les différences entre un groupe de femmes qui font de l'exercice dans un cadre de motivation intrinsèque en comparaison avec un de motivation extrinsèque, et ce, en matière : (i) de valeurs de la perception de l'effort (PE), du pourcentage de la fréquence cardiaque maximale (% de FC max) et du compte total de l'activité physique au cours d'une séance d'exercice; (ii) de la persistance à l'exercice immédiatement après la manipulation expérimentale; (iii) du changement positif ou négatif de l'humeur au cours d'une séance d'exercice; et (iv) des effets sur la motivation postexpérimentale (c.-à-d. la compétence perçue dans l'exécution de la tâche, l'intérêt, l'effort et la pression/tension ressentie au cours de l'exécution de la tâche). Des jeunes femmes inactives de poids santé (N = 42; Mâge = 21.59 + 3.31 ans MIMC = 21.59 + 2.11 kg/m2) ont été assignées, au hasard, à faire de l'exercice sur un tapis roulant à côté d'une chercheuse complice qui, selon le groupe expérimental, exprimait des énoncés verbaux soit de type intrinsèque ou de type extrinsèque. La durée de l'exercice, la fréquence cardiaque et l'effort physique ont été enregistrés. Les participantes ont aussi rempli un questionnaire d'auto-évaluation à propos de leur humeur avant et après l'activité physique et de leur motivation après l'exercice physique. Les participantes associées au groupe de motivation intrinsèque de la chercheuse complice ont déclaré, après 8 minutes d'exercice, de plus grandes valeurs de perception de l'effort, elles ont exécuté l'exercice à un plus grand pourcentage de leur fréquence cardiaque maximale, ont enregistré un plus grand nombre de comptes d'activité physique et un plus grand pourcentage des participantes a fait l'exercice sur une plus longue période de temps en comparaison à celles du groupe extrinsèque. Dans les deux groupes, une augmentation de la perception de la vigueur a été déclarée après l'exercice. De plus, les participantes du groupe de motivation intrinsèque ont perçu qu'elles ont fait de plus grands efforts que celles du groupe de motivation extrinsèque. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats montrent que la motivation dans le cadre de l'exercice peut être « contagieuse » grâce aux énoncés verbaux et que le fait de pratiquer de l'exercice avec un compagnon ou une compagne qui est intrinsèquement motivée peut apporter des résultats avantageux sur le comportement à l'exercice d'une personne.
17
El, Meligy Abdelhamid Sherif Hanie. "Providing High Performance Computing based Models as a Service: Architecture and Services for Modeling Contagions on Large Networked Populations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/84456.
Full textAbstract:
Network science emerged as an interdisciplinary field over the last 20 years, and played a central role to address fundamental problems in other fields, e.g., epidemiology, public health, and transportation, and is now part of most university curriculums. Network dynamics is a major area within network science where researchers study different forms of processes in networked populations, such as the spread of emotions, influence, opinions, flu, ebola, and mass movements. These processes often referred to individually and collectively as contagions. Contagions are increasingly studied because of their economic, social, and political impacts. Yet, resources for studying network dynamics are largely dispersed and stand-alone. Furthermore, many researchers interested in the study of networks are not computer scientists. As a result, they do not have easy
access to computing and data resources. Even with the presence of software or tools, it is challenging to install, build, and maintain software. These challenges create a barrier for researchers and domain scientists. The goal of this work is the design and implementation of a research framework for modeling contagions on large networked populations. The framework consists of various systems and services that provide support for researchers and domain scientists at different stages of their research workflow.Ph. D.
18
Sinha, Jayati. "Contagious likes and dislikes." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1080.
Full textAbstract:
We demonstrate social contagion in attitudes and show it is more pervasive than believed. While prior research has demonstrated that individuals are influenced by others when explicitly exposed to others' attitudes, we demonstrate they are influenced even for issues where they were never explicitly exposed to group attitudes. In first two studies we show that individuals have a remarkable ability to predict the attitudes of others in a social group from very scant information--a phenomenon that we term `Social Clairvoyance.' Across three other studies, we delineate the psychological mechanisms that permit the performance of this feat - specifically, empathic responding directed at group members in an effort to understand their underlying motivations. Further, the empathetic simulation of others attitudes results in reaction in oneself towards the attitude object resulting in a shift in one's own attitudes. In three other studies, we show that the accurate prediction of others' attitudes results in a shifting of an individual's own attitude--a phenomenon we term `Attitudinal Contagion.' From this perspective, many marketing phenomena such as word-of-mouth, diffusion of new products, neighborhood effects may have been insufficiently understood since it does not require explicit exposure to the attitudes of another.
19
Nordvik, Monica K. "Contagious Interactions : Essays on social and epidemiological networks." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Visby : Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis ; eddy.se [distributör], 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8309.
Full text
20
Dudek, Jérémy. "Illiquidité, contagion et risque systémique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984984.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse est articulée autour de trois risques financiers que sont : la liquidité, la contagion et le risque systémique. Ces derniers sont au centre de toutes les attentions depuis la crise de 2007-08 et resteront d'actualité à la vue des évènements que rencontrent les marchés financiers. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse présente un facteur de liquidité de financement obtenu par l'interprétation d'un phénomène de contagion en termes de risque de liquidité de marché. Nous proposons dans le second chapitre, une méta-mesure de cette liquidité de marché. Cette dernière tient compte de l'ensemble des dimensions présentes dans la définition de la liquidité en s'intéressant à la dynamique de plusieurs mesures de liquidité simultanément. L'objectif du troisième chapitre est de présenter une modélisation des rendements du marché permettant la prise en compte de la liquidité de financement dans l'estimation de la DCoVaR. Ainsi, ce travail propose une nouvelle mesure du risque systémique ayant un comportement contracyclique. Pour finir, nous nous intéressons à l'hypothèse de non-linéarité de la structure de dépendance entre les rendements de marché et ceux des institutions financières. Au cœur de la mesure du risque systémique, cette hypothèse apparait contraignante puisqu'elle n'a que peu d'impact sur l'identification des firmes les plus risquées mais peut compliquer considérablement l'estimation de ces mesures.
21
Watson, Claire F. I. "Social contagion in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) : implications for cognition, culture and welfare." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3446.
Full textAbstract:
The social transmission of social behaviours in nonhuman primates has been understudied, experimentally, relative to instrumental, food-related behaviours. This is disproportional in relation to the comparatively high percentage of potential social traditions reported in wild primates. I report a systematic survey of the social learning literature and provide quantitative evidence of the discrepancy (Watson and Caldwell, 2009). Addressing the identified deficit in experimental work on social behaviours, I also report three empirical studies investigating the contagious nature of affective states in captive, socially housed marmosets. I carried out an observational study, to determine whether marmosets are influenced by spontaneously produced neighbour calls to perform a range of behaviours associated with similar affect. My results supported a neighbour effect for anxiety in marmosets. Consistent with previous findings for chimpanzees (Baker and Aureli, 1996; Videan et al., 2005), I also found evidence for neighbour effects for aggression and affiliation (Watson and Caldwell, 2010). Through experimental playback, I investigated contingent social contagion in the auditory and visual modalities. The playback of pre-recorded affiliative (chirp) calls was found to be associated with marmosets spending increased time in a range of affiliative behaviours. Playback of video showing conspecifics engaged in a positive affiliative behaviour (allogrooming) also appeared to cause marmosets to spend longer performing various affiliative behaviours. My results indicate that social contagion of affiliation is a multi-modal phenomenon in marmosets and also represent the first evidence that allogrooming is visually contagious in primates. Sapolsky (2006) conceptualised culture as the performance of species-typical behaviours to an unusual extent, termed ‘social culture’. Researchers have yet to directly investigate a transmission mechanism. I investigated whether a social culture of increased affiliation could be initiated in marmosets through the long-term playback, of positive calls, or of video of positive behaviour. The results were consistent with a relatively long-lasting influence of the playback of affiliative calls across several affiliative behaviours. The effect appeared to last substantially beyond the specific hours of playback, between playbacks, and after playback had ceased, potentially indicating a temporary shift in social culture. These results are preliminary but provide some support for the proposal that auditory social contagion may be a transmission mechanism for social culture. The long-term video playback of allogrooming appeared to result in a transitory shift in performance of the identical behaviour (increased allogrooming) after playbacks had ceased. In addition to theoretical implications for social cognition and social culture, my findings have potential practical application for the enhancement of welfare in captive marmosets through sensory, and non-contact social, enrichment.
22
Koppenhafer, Leslie. "Accounting for the Social Element in Access-Based Consumption." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18511.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines how the inclusion of the social element in access-based consumption can influence affective and behavioral responses. The first essay builds upon the dimensions proposed by Bardhi and Eckhardt, who found that market mediation, anonymity, temporality, consumer involvement, type of accessed object and political consumerism are key dimensions on which to study access-based consumption. A reconceptualization of these dimensions is proposed in the current work to incorporate the social element. Foremost, a separation of renting and sharing based on the presence or absence of economic exchange is proposed. The implications for the remaining dimensions of anonymity, temporality, consumer participation, type of accessed object, political consumerism and governance are then discussed. Finally, key outcome variables of community, cooperation, loneliness and contagion are reviewed.
In Essay 2, the guiding theory of social distance is used to empirically test the impact of the social element on evaluations of a rental service on the outcomes of satisfaction, attitude, disgust and community. In the rental context examined, users are interpersonally anonymous indicating that there is no relationship between the current user and other users. In addition, users must engage in extra-role behaviors because no intermediaries are present. In three experiments, it is shown that encounters with other users can lead to increased feelings of disgust and decreased satisfaction and attitude towards the rental service. Having information about other users, provided in the form of avatar images, can enhance feelings of community, as can certain types of communication between users. Given the benefits that emerge from feelings of community, Essay 3 explores factors that can enhance or detract from sense of community. Factors such as apathetic participation and similarity are considered. In addition, positive outcomes that emerge from feelings of community, such as sign-up likelihood and care behaviors, are measured.2015-04-17
23
Isabella, Giuliana. "The influence of emotional contagion on products evaluation." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8195.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Cristiane Shirayama (cristiane.shirayama@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T16:53:46Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
61090100052.pdf: 6651446 bytes, checksum: 67d33da8abccfa273801cae6c3a8ca8c (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão(vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T16:56:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61090100052.pdf: 6651446 bytes, checksum: 67d33da8abccfa273801cae6c3a8ca8c (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão(vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2011-05-25T16:58:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61090100052.pdf: 6651446 bytes, checksum: 67d33da8abccfa273801cae6c3a8ca8c (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-25T17:22:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61090100052.pdf: 6651446 bytes, checksum: 67d33da8abccfa273801cae6c3a8ca8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28
Emotional Contagion is the mechanism that includes mimicking and the automatic synchronization of facial expressions, vocalizations, postures, and movements with another person and, consequently, convergence of emotions between the sender and receiver. Researches of this mechanism conducted usually in the fields of Psychology and Marketing tends to investigate face-to-face interactions. However, the question remains to what extent, if any, emotional contagion may occur with facial expressions in photos, since many purchase situations are brought on by catalogues or websites. This thesis has the goal to verify this gap and, in addition, verify whether emotional contagion is more common in females than in males as stated in previous studies. Emotions have been studied because it is intuitively apparent that emotions affect the dynamics of the interaction between a salesperson and customers (Verbeke, 1997); in other words, emotions may significantly affect consumer behavior. Therefore, this thesis also verified whether the facial expressions that transmit emotions could be associated to product evaluations. To investigate these questions, an experiment was done with 171 participants, which were exposed to either smiling (positive emotion) or neutral advertising. The differences between the individual advertisements were limited to the facial expressions of figures in the advertisements (either smiling or neutral/without smiling). One specialist and two students analyzed videotaped records of the participants’ responses, and found that participants who saw the positive stimulus mimicked the picture (smiling back) confirming the Emotional Contagion in Photos (the first hypothesis). The second hypothesis was to analyze if there is difference based in gender. The results demonstrated that there is not a significant difference between genders; female and male equally suffer Emotional Contagion. The third hypothesis was related to whether the positive emotions vs. neutral emotions acquired from the positive facial expression in the photo are associated to a positive evaluation of the product also displayed in the photo. Evidences show that the ad with a positive expression could change more positively the attitude, the sympathy, the reliability, and the intention of purpose of the participant compared to those who were exposed to the neutral condition. Therefore, the analysis concludes that the facial expressions displayed in photos produce emotional contagion and may interfere on the evaluation product. A discussion of the theoretical and practical implications and limitations for these findings are presented.
24
Sundberg, Fredrik. "Influencern och den gordiska knuten : En studie om gestaltningen av psykisk ohälsa i sociala medier." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för socialt arbete - CESAR, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412747.
Full textAbstract:
This essay examines influencers’ framing of mental illness and how the framing could possibly affect the growing problem of mental illness among Swedish youth. Previous research concerning mental illness among youth, social media and social contagion is presented as a basic understanding of the problem at hand. Approximately 16 000 Instagram posts from Sweden’s most influential Instagram accounts were reviewed for content about mental illness. Posts containing descriptions of mental illness were extracted and analyzed using thematical analysis. The main finding from the thematical analysis was that influencers tended to use The Hero’s Journey dramaturgy in the framing of mental illness. The main conclusion made from the study was that influencer framing of mental health issues, consciously or unconsciously, tended to augment mental illness in a number of ways. The influencers seemed to have developed specializations in different forms of mental illness. The specialized influencer took upon him/herself the role of a mentor to followers experiencing symptoms of the same type of mental illness, leading them on for their own Hero’s Journey. Hence, the mechanisms of The Hero’s Journey were shown to, in themselves, have a tendency to increase the contagious effects of mental illness.
25
Saby, Joni N. "Exploring Social Influences on Executive Function in Preschool Children." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/245027.
Full textAbstract:
PsychologyPh.D.
The development of executive function in young children is currently a central topic in developmental science. Despite great interest in this area, empirical research examining the influence of social interaction on children's executive functioning is still scarce. The present study aims to fill this gap by addressing how aspects of current and preceding social interactions affect preschool children's executive function performance. In the first phase of the experiment four- and five-year-old children completed an activity either individually or in collaboration with an experimenter. Following this manipulation, children completed a series of executive function tasks. The first task was a motor contagion task in which children moved a stylus on a graphics tablet while viewing a background video of another person producing congruent or incongruent movements. Children also completed a go/no-go task, a two-choice spatial compatibility task (i.e., a Simon task), and two joint go/no-go tasks in which they essentially shared a Simon task with an experimenter. The main finding from the motor contagion task was that children who collaborated with an experimenter in the first part of the study were more susceptible to interference from observing incongruent movements produced by their partner from the collaborative activity compared to observing the same movements produced by an experimenter who merely observed the collaboration. In addition, for children in both conditions, the results of the go/no-go and Simon tasks indicated the presence of a joint Simon effect. Specifically, a significant spatial compatibility effect was observed in the Simon task and the first time children completed the joint go/no-go task with an experimenter. Importantly, there was no spatial compatibility effect when children completed an individual go/no-go task. No differences were found for the joint Simon effect related to the social manipulation. The findings are discussed in relation to their implications for our understanding of social influences on children's developing executive abilities.
Temple University--Theses
26
Yue, Rui. "Contagion or competition : partner abandonment in Korean television advertising industry, 1985-1996 /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MGTO%202004%20YUE.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-81). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
27
Elkin, Lauren S. "Predicting Diffusion of Contagious Diseases Using Social Media Big Data." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1408978084.
Full text
28
Villar, Frexedas Óscar. "Crisis and financial contagion: new evidences and new methodological approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393933.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis consists of three empirical studies focusing on financial crisis, which base on different definitions of financial contagion definitions and use of methodological approaches. The first chapter defines contagion focusing on the channels of transmission of the crisis and uses the implementation of spatial econometrics as a mechanism for assessing contagion. Unlike the other methodologies used, spatial econometrics allows for an expression of the transmission mechanisms of crisis under explicit dynamic-spatial assumptions. The second and third chapters consider the definition of “shift-contagion”, a definition that is extremely useful to measure and test contagion. The second chapter follows a strategy based on the specification of an approximate factor model and assesses the presence of “shift-contagion” considering the presence of structural breaks in the variance of the common factors. The third chapter analyses the presence of “shift-contagion” using a new integration procedure that is robust to the main econometric problems of the financial time series, i.e., the lack of accounting for heteroscedastic variance.La tesis consiste en tres estudios empíricos que enfocan la crisis financiera, que se basan en las definiciones diferentes de definiciones de contagio financieras y empleo de accesos metodológicos. El primer capítulo define el contagio que enfoca los canales de transmisión de la crisis y usa la puesta en práctica de econometría espacial como un mecanismo para evaluar el contagio. A diferencia de otras metodologías la econometría usada, espacial permite para una expresión de los mecanismos de transmisión de crisis bajo suposiciones explícitas dinámicas espaciales. Los segundos y terceros capítulos consideran la definición "de shift-contagion", una definición que es sumamente útil para medir y probar el contagio. El segundo capítulo sigue una estrategia basada en la especificación de un factor aproximado modela y evalúa la presencia "de shift-contagion" que considera la presencia de roturas estructurales en la discrepancia de los factores comunes. El tercer capítulo analiza la presencia "de shift-contagion" que usa un nuevo procedimiento integrador que es robusto a los problemas principales econométricos de la serie de tiempo financiera, p. ej., la falta de contabilidad para la discrepancia heteroscedástica.
29
Martinhago, Fernanda. "Contagio social de transtornos mentais: análise das estratégias biopolíticas de medicalização da infância." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461527.
Full textAbstract:
La medicalització en la infància, actualment, és un tema polèmic com a conseqüència de l’epidèmia de trastorns mentals que afecta infants i adolescents. Des d’aquesta perspectiva, es considera que una part de la població infantil i juvenil es veu perjudicada per diagnòstics psiquiàtrics erronis i tractaments innecessaris. Per tant, la principal preocupació que emmarca aquesta investigació se centra en els nens i adolescents que s’estan etiquetant amb diagnòstics falsos positius de trastorns mentals i “tractats” farmacològicament com si tinguessin greus patologies. El trastorn per dèficit d’atenció amb hiperactivitat (TDAH) ha estat triat com a tema transversal d’aquest estudi perquè en diferents països presenta una alta prevalença. A partir d’aquest context, s’ha establert com a principal objectiu d’investigació analitzar com el concepte de risc i les classificacions del Manual diagnòstic i estadístic de trastorns mentals (DSM) enteses com a estratègies biopolítiques, es trasmeten als mitjans socials i articulen el procés de medicalització dels infants, a través d’utilitzar els microsistemes fràgils (escola, família i associacions de suport). El desenvolupament de la investigació parteix d’una perspectiva crítica interpretativa per a l’anàlisi de dades, que van ser obtingudes a partir de la triangulació de fonts i de tècniques: revisió integradora, grup focal, entrevistes, aplicació de qüestionaris oberts i etnografia virtual. Els camps d’investigació han estat una escola pública de Florianópolis i dues comunitats virtuals de la xarxa social Facebook.
Es considera que les informacions sobre els trastorns mentals escampades per les xarxes socials, amb la identificació d’educatives, i sumades a la publicitat, caracteritzen la vulnerabilitat del camp virtual. Aquest escenari facilita l’ampliació dels horitzons de consum, introduint productes que cobreixin les necessitats culturals creades (benestar, millor rendiment, més productivitat...), transformant així, culturalment, allò que es considera normal en patològic. Per tant, una part significativa dels diagnòstics de TDAH en infants i adolescents poden ser induïts per aquest procés que jo anomeno de contagi social.La medicalización de la infancia es una temática que está en evidencia en la contemporaneidad, debido a una epidemia de trastornos mentales que alcanza a niños y adolescentes. En esta perspectiva, se considera que una parte de la población infanto-juvenil está siendo perjudicada por diagnósticos psiquiátricos equivocados y tratamientos innecesarios. Por lo tanto, la principal preocupación que rige esta investigación refiere a niños y adolescentes que están siendo etiquetados con diagnósticos falso-positivos de trastornos mentales y “tratados” con intervenciones farmacológicas como se tuviesen patologías graves. El Trastorno de Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) fue elegido como tema transversal de este estudio por presentar una elevada prevalencia en diversos países. A partir de este contexto, fue establecido como principal objetivo de esta investigación analizar cómo el concepto de riesgo y las clasificaciones del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de Trastornos Mentales (DSM) entendidas como estrategias biopolíticas, son transmitidas en las redes sociales y articulan el proceso de medicalización de la infancia, pasando a través de micro-sistemas frágiles (escuela, familia, asociaciones de apoyo). El desarrollo de la investigación partió de una perspectiva crítico-interpretativa para el análisis de datos, los cuales fueron obtenidos por la triangulación de fuentes y técnicas: revisión integradora, grupo focal, entrevistas, aplicación de cuestionarios abiertos y etnografía virtual. Los campos de investigación fueron una escuela pública de Florianópolis y dos comunidades virtuales de la red social Facebook. Se considera que las informaciones sobre los trastornos mentales diseminadas en las redes sociales, identificadas como de carácter educativo, y sumadas a la publicidad, caracterizan una vulnerabilidad del campo virtual. Este escenario facilita la ampliación de los horizontes de consumo, introduciendo productos que atiendan las necesidades culturales creadas (bienestar, mejor desempeño, mayor productividad), transformando así, culturalmente, lo que se considera normal en patológico. Por tanto, una parte significativa de los diagnósticos de TDAH en niños y adolescentes pueden ser inducidos por este proceso que denomino de contagio social.
Childhood medicalization is evident in the contemporaneus, due to an epidemic of mental disorders that affects children and adolescents. From this perspective, a part of the child and adolescent public is considered to be undermined by misdiagnosed psychiatric diagnoses and unnecessary treatment. Therefore, the main concern that governs this research is centered in children and adolescents that are being labeled with false positive diagnoses of mental disorders and “treated” with drug interventions as if they had serious pathologies. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was chosen as the cross-cutting theme of this study because it has a high prevalence in several countries. From this context, we established as the main objective of this research to analyze how the concept of risk and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classifications, understood as biopolitical strategies, are featured in social media and articulate the process of childhood medicalization, that pass through fragile microsystems (school, family support groups). The development of this investigation started from a critical-interpretive perspective for data analysis, which was obtained by triangulation of sources and techniques: integrative review, focal groups, interviews, application of open questionnaire and visual ethnography. Research fields include a public school from Florianópolis and two virtual communities on the social network Facebook. We consider that the information about mental disorders disseminated in the social networks, identified as educational, and added to the publicity, characterize a vulnerability of the virtual field. This scenario facilitates the expansion of the consumption horizons, introducing products that meet the cultural created needs (well-being, better performance, higher productivity), thus culturally transforming what was considered normal into pathological. Therefore, a significant part of ADHD diagnoses in children and adolescents can be induced by this process that I call social contagy.
30
Piehler, Timothy Farr. "Dyadic regulation and deviant contagion in adolescent friendships : interaction patterns associated with problematic substance use /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8584.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-83). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
31
Kuhlman, Christopher James. "Generalizations of Threshold Graph Dynamical Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76765.
Full textAbstract:
Dynamics of social processes in populations, such as the spread of emotions, influence, language, mass movements, and warfare (often referred to individually and collectively as contagions), are increasingly studied because of their social, political, and economic impacts. Discrete dynamical systems (discrete in time and discrete in agent states) are often used to quantify contagion propagation in populations that are cast as graphs, where vertices represent agents and edges represent agent interactions. We refer to such formulations as graph dynamical systems. For social applications, threshold models are used extensively for agent state transition rules (i.e., for vertex functions). In its simplest form, each agent can be in one of two states (state 0 (1) means that an agent does not (does) possess a contagion), and an agent contracts a contagion if at least a threshold number of its distance-1 neighbors already possess it. The transition to state 0 is not permitted. In this study, we extend threshold models in three ways. First, we allow transitions to states 0 and 1, and we study the long-term dynamics of these bithreshold systems, wherein there are two distinct thresholds for each vertex; one governing each of the transitions to states 0 and 1. Second, we extend the model from a binary vertex state set to an arbitrary number r of states, and allow transitions between every pair of states. Third, we analyze a recent hierarchical model from the literature where inputs to vertex functions take into account subgraphs induced on the distance-1 neighbors of a vertex. We state, prove, and analyze conditions characterizing long-term dynamics of all of these models.Master of Science
32
Zuo, Xiang. "The Role of Social Ties in Dynamic Networks." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6160.
Full textAbstract:
Social networks are everywhere, from face-to-face activities to online social networks such as Flickr, YouTube and Facebook. In social networks, ties (relationships) are connections between people. The change of social relationships over time consequently leads to the evolution of the social network structure. At the same time, ties serve as carriers to transfer pieces of information from one person to another.
Studying social ties is critical to understanding the fundamental processes behind the network. Although many studies on social networks have been carried out over the last many decades, most of the work either used small in-lab datasets, or focused on directly connected static relations while ignoring indirect relations and the dynamic nature of real networks. Today, because of the emergence of online social networks, more and more large longitudinal social datasets are becoming available. The available real social datasets are fundamental to understanding evolution processes of networks in more depth. In this thesis, we study the role of social ties in dynamic networks using datasets from various domains of online social networks.
Networks, especially social networks often exhibit dual dynamic nature: the structure of the graph changes (by node and edge insertion and removal), and information flows in the network. Our work focuses on both aspects of network dynamics. The purpose of this work is to better understand the role of social ties in network evolution and changes over time, and to determine what social factors help shape individuals’ choices in negative behavior. We first developed a metric that measures the strength of indirectly connected ties. We validated the accuracy of the measurement of indirect tie metric with real-world social datasets from four domains.
Another important aspect of my research is the study of edge creation and forecast future graph structure in time evolving networks. We aim to develop algorithms that explain the edge formation properties and process which govern the network evolution. We also designed algorithms in the information propagation process to identify next spreaders several steps ahead, and use them to predict diffusion paths.
Next, because different social ties or social ties in different contexts have different influence between people, we looked at the influence of social ties in behavior contagion, particularly in a negative behavior cheating. Our recent work included the study of social factors that motivate or limit the contagion of cheating in a large real-world online social network. We tested several factors drawn from sociology and psychology explaining cheating behavior but have remained untested outside of controlled laboratory experiments or only with small, survey based studies.
In addition, this work analyzed online social networks with large datasets that certain inherent influences or patterns only emerge or become visible when dealing with massive data. We analyzed the world’s largest online gaming community, Steam Community, collected data with 3, 148, 289 users and 44, 725, 277 edges. We also made interesting observations of cheating influence that were not observed in previous in-lab experiments.
Besides providing empirically based understanding of social ties and their influence in evolving networks at large scales, our work has high practical importance for using social influence to maintain a fair online community environment, and build systems to detect, prevent, and mitigate undesirable influence.
33
Nicholson, Lisa Marie. "Racial and ethnic disparities an examination of social control and contagion mechanisms linking neighborhood disadvantage and young adult obesity /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1189631745.
Full text
34
Nicholson, Lisa M. "Racial and ethnic disparities: an examination of social control and contagion mechanisms linking neighborhood disadvantage and young adult obesity." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1189631745.
Full text
35
Botha, Elsie Margaretha. "Contagious Communications : The role of emotion in viral marketing." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell marknadsföring, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150888.
Full textAbstract:
The “connection generation” craves interaction with and connection to vast social networks through the sharing of information, photos, opinions, entertainment and news. This sharing comes in the form of electronic word-of-mouth or eWOM, and provides marketing and communication managers with an unparalleled opportunity to reach a large number of consumers quickly. With the ever increasing growth of the internet and the rise of social media and social network sites, viral marketing has cemented itself in the marketing and corporate agenda. However, while there has been a shift in marketing budgets towards online and social media, little is known about how to successfully leverage viral marketing. Consequently, understanding why some videos go viral and others do not is becoming an increasingly popular focus of academic research. This study aimed to answer the following research question: What are the factors that drive the virality of online content? In an attempt to answer this exploratory research question, four papers were used to look at its constituent parts. In the first paper, the role of emotion in the sharing of online content was investigated. Rime’s social sharing of emotion theory was used to explain why emotion could drive the spread of content online. We suggested that people’s propensity to share viral content was a function of the intensity, sociality and complexity of the emotion elicited by the viral content. The following two papers further investigated the role of emotion in viral marketing by looking at the relationship between content and emotion. Paper 2 used interviews in a qualitative research design to propose a decision-tree of the interplay between content and emotion in viral marketing. This paper showed that the relevance of the content has an influence on viewers’ emotional response. Paper 3 took a closer look at the relationship between content and emotion by using a two-stage design: First, content analysis was done on the comments of selected YouTube videos. Second, an experiment was used to test the emotions that these videos elicited in respondents, the valence of those emotions, the intensity with which they were felt, as well as various content-related factors (e.g. the creativity and humor used in the videos). This paper looked specifically at the use of political communication in viral marketing and showed that creativity, valence and the intensity of the emotions elicited by the content are key drivers of viral success. The final and fourth paper culminates in a model for the sharing of content online. This paper built on the findings from the previous papers, but also made use of interviews, and the analysis of a longitudinal dataset to propose a comprehensive model for the spread of content online. The longitudinal dataset was compiled using the top 10 posts from Reddit.com, a viral aggregator website, over the period of 25 days. The comprehensive model shows that there are external, intrapersonal and interpersonal drivers of viral content. The external drivers of viral content are the viral videos themselves (content) and its popularity. The content construct refers to various aspects related to the content itself, for example how informative, creative, humorous etc. the content is. Its popularity, on the other hand, was driven by both WOM and mainstream media reports. The intrapersonal drivers of viral content refer to the emotions that the content elicited in viewers. Viewers’ emotional response to the content was influenced by its relevance, but also by the valence and intensity of the emotion that they felt. Even though some content elicited intense emotions in viewers, some viewers did not share the content and interpersonal drivers of viral content was introduced to the model. These drivers recognise the social aspect of social media, and that content gets shared with large social networks. The model contends that people share viral content with their social networks as a form of online gift giving, out of altruism, or simply to build their own reputation. Finally, we contend that, in this content à emotion à social sharing chain, people share viral content both online and offline, as many respondents simply told their friends about the content (thus prompting them to go and watch the content themselves) or showed them the content themselves. This online and offline sharing of content increased the popularity of the content and a self-reinforcing chain was created, increasing the exponential growth typically associated with viral content. As consumers are exposed to an increasing amount of marketing messages, and marketing budgets shrink, marketing managers could greatly benefit from better understanding how to more effectively make social media part of their marketing strategy. Viral marketing allows for a low-cost way of communicating marketing messages with great potential for impacting the market. This study ultimately shows what marketing managers can do to increase their chances of viral success, and ends off with a list of managerial recommendations to leverage the external, intrapersonal and interpersonal factors present in viral campaigns.QC 20140911
36
Cornwell, Gareth. "Ambiguous contagion the discourse of race in South African English writing, 1890-1930." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002269.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores representations of race and racial difference in the writing of white South Africans in English, between the years, approximately, of 1890 and 1930. The first chapter essays a theoretical and historical investigation of the concept of race and offers a narrative of the rise of Western racialism. Its conclusion, that race has functioned as a vehicle of displacement for other forms of difference in the competition for advantage among social groups, is qualified in Chapter Two by the postulate of an anthropologial absolute, the "ethnic imperative", to help account for the strategic emergence of racialism in specific historical circumstances. The role of the ethnic imperative in the moral economy of colonial South Africa in the years 1890-1930 is examined through the analysis of three representative texts. In Chapter Three, a wide range of primary material is canvassed for prevailing views on the "Native Question", the perceived social threat posed by the half-caste, and the "Black Peril", culminating in the detailed examination of a fictional text. A particular concern in both Chapters Two and Three is the imagery of disease and contagion in terms of which racial contact is typically represented. The following chapter situates the literary works discussed in the study in the context of the South African literary tradition, then uses the example of selected short stories to indicate some narratological problems encountered by the writer with a racialist agenda within the medium of realist fiction. Chapters Five and Six investigate, through the close reading of selected novels, thematic concerns rooted in the intersection of the discourse of race with those of gender and social class. The final chapter reveals how William Plomer's novel, Turbott Wolfe, represents a volatile synthesis of a standard discourse on social class, an acknowledgement of the ethnic imperative, the imagery of contagion, and a principled repudiation of racialism, in a multi-faceted, modernist, and partially self-aware fashion. The more salient conclusions reached by this study concern the inadequacy of purely materialist analysis to account for the phenomenon of racialism, the historically determined link between racial attitudes and sexuality, and the manifest incompatibility of racial ideology with the liberal humanism inscribed in the formal requirements of the realist work of fiction.
37
Pettersson, Erik. "Påverkar animerade agenter minneskapaciteten hos användaren?" Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-938.
Full textAbstract:
Under de senaste åren har det blivit allt tydligare och fler resultat pekar på att kroppsliga tillstånd, såsom ansiktsuttryck, och människans informationsbearbetning är sammankopplade. Det har även visat sig att människor härmar varandras ansiktsuttryck och därigenom förändrar sina emotionella tillstånd. På senare år har det även börjat dyka upp allt fler animerade agenter som ska hjälpa användaren med datorprogram, hemsidor och lärande datorspel. Härmar en användare då även en animerad agents ansiktsuttryck precis som en verklig människa? Den här studien ska undersöka huruvida användaren till ett datorspel härmar den animerade agentens ansiktsuttryck och om det i sin tur påverkar dennes informationsbearbetning. I studien användes ett datorspel där en agent som hade antingen ett glatt, neutralt eller ledset ansiktsuttryck presenterade negativa, neutrala och positiva ord i en pratbubbla. Användarna fick sedan skriva ner så många ord som de kom ihåg. Resultaten visade att deltagarna inte härmade agentens ansiktsuttryck och att agenten inte hade påverkat deras informationsbearbetning.
38
Ifie, Kemefasu. "An investigation of the antecedents of service delivery and organisational performance : a service culture perspective." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6705.
Full textAbstract:
Service quality has been shown to be critical for the success of service organisations. However, the quality of service delivered by an organisation is dependent on the behaviours of organisational members. Therefore, understanding the various processes that foster desirable service behaviour is important. While there have been many studies which deal with antecedents of service delivery, research adopting a cultural perspective and focusing on elements such as shared values and norms have been somewhat sparse. This is quite surprising given the amount of reference to the importance of a service culture. Recently, there have been calls for research into the cultural determinants of service quality and in particular service culture. This study answers the call by testing a multi-layer model of service culture and performance. The key objectives of the study relate to understanding how service culture leads to both customer-based and financial performance, as well as investigating the process of culture transmission from managers to employees. On the basis of data collected from management and employees, the study assesses service culture at the management and the employee levels, focusing simultaneously on assumptions, value, norms and behaviours. Two routes for culture transmission: the social contagion and behavioural routes are hypothesised and tested. The key findings are that shared service norms are the key impact point of culture transmission from management to employees as well as the key determinant of employee service delivery behaviour. The findings also show that proximity among managers and employees is crucial in the diffusion of service culture and hence in the leadership influencing process. Based on the findings, managerial implications for managing service employees are discussed as well as limitations and suggestions for future research.
39
Blackburn, Jeremy. "An Analysis of (Bad) Behavior in Online Video Games." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5412.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation studies bad behavior at large-scale using data traces from online video games. Video games provide a natural laboratory for exploring bad behavior due to their popularity, explicitly defined (programmed) rules, and a competitive nature that provides motivation for bad behavior. More specifically, we look at two forms of bad behavior: cheating and toxic behavior.
Cheating is most simply defined as breaking the rules of the game to give one player an edge over another. In video games, cheating is most often accomplished using programs, or "hacks," that circumvent the rules implemented by game code. Cheating is a threat to the gaming industry in that it diminishes the enjoyment of fair players, siphons off money that is paid to cheat creators, and requires investment in anti-cheat technologies.
Toxic behavior is a more nebulously defined term, but can be thought of as actions that violate social norms, especially those that harm other members of the society. Toxic behavior ranges from insults or harassment of players (which has clear parallels to the real world) to domain specific instances such as repeatedly "suiciding"" to help an enemy team. While toxic behavior has clear parallels to bad behavior in other online domains, e.g., cyberbullying, if gone unchecked it has the potential to "kill" a game by driving away its players.
We first present a distributed architecture and reference implementation for the collection and analysis of large-scale social data. Using this implementation we then study the social structure of over 10 million gamers collected from a planetary scale Online Social Network, about 720 thousand of whom have been labeled cheaters, finding a significant correlation between social structure and the probability of partaking in cheating behavior. We additionally collect over half a billion daily observations of the cheating status of these gamers. Using about 10 months of detailed server logs from a community owned and operated game server we next analyze how relationships in the aforementioned online social network are backed by in-game interactions. Next, we use the insights gained and find evidence for a contagion process underlying the spread of cheating behavior and perform a data driven simulation using mathematical models for contagion. Finally, we build a model using millions of crowdsourced decisions for predicting toxic behavior in online games.
To the best of our knowledge, this dissertation presents the largest study of bad behavior to date. Our findings confirm theories about cheating and unethical behavior that have previously remained untested outside of controlled laboratory experiments or only with small, survey based studies. We find that the intensity of interactions between players is a predictor of a future relationship forming. We provide statistically significant evidence for cheating as a contagion. Finally, we extract insights from our model for detecting toxic behavior on how human reviewers perceive the presence and severity of bad behavior.
40
O'Sullivan, Eóin P. "A comparative approach to social learning from the bottom up." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22956.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to examine the cognitive processes of social learning from the bottom up. In the field of comparative psychology, an overemphasis on understanding complex cognitive processes in nonhuman animals (e.g. empathy, imitation), may be detrimental to the study of simpler mechanisms. In this thesis, I report five studies of simple cognitive processes related to social learning. A series of experiments with human children and capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.), examined action imitation and identified a possible role for associative learning in the development of this ability. An analysis of observational data from captive capuchins explored a number of lesser-studied social learning phenomena, including behavioural synchrony, the neighbour effect, and group-size effects. The results of this study emphasise the importance of exploring behaviour at a number of levels to appreciate the dynamic nature of social influence. Two final experiments examined social contagion in capuchin monkeys, and highlight the importance of describing the relationship between behaviour and emotion to properly understand more complex social cognition. Together, these studies demonstrate how approaching human and nonhuman behaviour from the bottom up, as well as from the top down, can contribute to a better comparative science of social learning.
41
Carvalho, Luciane Cristina. "CRISES ECONÔMICAS NA AMÉRICA LATINA: A EXPERIÊNCIA BRASILEIRA E MEXICANA NA DÉCADA DE 90." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9688.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe 1990s was marked by several crisis wich changed the course of Brazilian and Mexican´s economical politics. This way, some variables wich had impact in this occurrence were analyzed, with the finality of observe the profile of it in both coutries, without reject, nevertheless, factors wich has favorece the crisi. It was adoptede for this work an approach of econometrics based on the logit model, in which the dependet variable crisis is subdivided in two, assuming values 0 to stability and 1 to the crisis and the independent variables the effective real exchange´s rate, the international reservations and the basic rate of interest.This model was applied in 120 observations counting from January of 1990 to December of 1990. Basead on the model it can be conclude that the international variable reserve was significant ti the level of 95% to the estudied economies, despite the exchange´s rates and interest´s rates wich were not significant to the level of 95%. Howerer, like the last variables interfier on reservations, it was verified what was the impact of these on the reservations, through the regression model by the minimum quadrate method.Then, the exchange´s rate has more impact in Brazil and the interest´s rate has more impact in Mexico, indicating the Brazilian crisis was of cambial order and the Mexican was of financial order. This way, it is conclude the economical stabilization politics adopted in both coutries, having as ancor the cambial and monetary politics explain the occurred crisis on the of study.
A década 90 foi marcada por diversas crises que mudaram o rumo da política econômica brasileira e mexicana. Nesse sentido, buscou-se analisar algumas variáveis que tiveram impacto nesse acontecimento, com a finalidade de observar o perfil da mesma nos dois paises, sem descartar, no entanto fatores exógenos como que também favoreceu a crise. Adotou-se para este trabalho uma abordagem econométrica baseada no modelo logit, em que a variável dependente crise é dicotômica assumindo valores 0 para estabilidade e 1 para a crise e as variáveis independentes a taxa de câmbio efetiva real, as reservas internacionais e a taxa básica de juros. Esse modelo foi aplicado num total de 120 observações a contar de janeiro/90 a dezembro/99. Com base no modelo pode-se concluir que a variável reserva internacional foi significativa e a taxa de câmbio e taxa de juros não foram significativas á nível de 95%. No entanto como ambas essas variáveis interferem nas reservas verificou-se qual foi o impacto destas nas reservas, através da regressão método mínimo quadrado. E então têm-se como a taxa de câmbio o impacto maior na Brasil e a taxa de juros maior impacto no México. Assim, concluise que as variáveis em estudos explicam em partes as crises ocorridas no período, outra parte pode ser explicada por fatores de origem interna como instabilidade política e desequilíbrios do balanço de pagamentos, e externa ao contágio.
42
Machado, Cléia Duarte. "BRIC (Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China): uma análise da volatilidade da bolsa de valores – jan/2005 a mar/2010." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2011. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4041.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-06-26T17:56:20Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
CleiaDuarteMachado.pdf: 663088 bytes, checksum: dee11069e4c8adc0f1abe00e964f5b4c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-26T17:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CleiaDuarteMachado.pdf: 663088 bytes, checksum: dee11069e4c8adc0f1abe00e964f5b4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-30
Banco Santander / Banespa
O presente estudo analisa a volatilidade da Bolsa de Valores para os países do BRIC entre janeiro de 2005 a março de 2010. A pesquisa tem a finalidade de verificar a existência do efeito contágio entre esses emergentes. Foram utilizados diversos modelos de volatilidade determinística da família GARCH, tanto univariado, quanto multivariado. Também foi investigado até que ponto a crise financeira de 2008 resultou em mudanças na relação entre esses países. Para tanto, foram feitas estimativas para o período pré e pós 2008. Os resultados sinalizaram a existência de diversos fatos estilizados na volatilidade da bolsa de valores, como assimetria, aglomeração e efeito leverage. Porém, não foi possível aceitar a hipótese de efeito contágio, apesar de os valores encontrados para correlação para o período de pós crise serem superiores aos calculados para o período que a antecede. Sendo assim, ao investir em ativos nos países do BRIC os investidores internacionais conseguem diversificar riscos.
This study examines the volatility of the stock exchange for the BRIC countries from January 2005 to March 2010. The research aims to verify the existence of the contagion effect between these emerging markets. We used several models of deterministic GARCH volatility, both univariate and multivariate. We also investigated the extent to which the financial crisis of 2008 resulted in changes in the relationship between these countries. To this end, estimates were made for the period before and after 2008. The results showed the existence of several stylized facts of volatility in the stock market, as asymmetry, clustering and leverage effect. However, we could not accept the contagion effect hypothesis, although the values found for correlation to the post crisis period are higher than those calculated for the period that precedes it. Thus, by investing in assets in BRIC countries international investors can diversify risks.
43
Strazdins, Lyndall, and lyndall strazdins@anu edu au. "Emotional Work: A Psychological View." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20010906.171501.
Full textAbstract:
At work and in the family, people do emotional work to meet other people's emotional needs, improve their wellbeing, and maintain social harmony. Emotional work is unique and skilled work - it involves handling emotions and social relationships and its product is the change of feeling in others. ¶
The thesis extends the work of Erickson and Wharton (1993, 1997) and England (1992, England & Farkas, 1986) by adding a psychological perspective. Emotional work is defined in terms of behaviours. Three dimensions, companionship, help and regulation, distinguish whether positive or negative emotions in other people are the target of emotional work. Companionship builds positive emotions, whereas help and regulation repairs and regulates negative emotions. ¶
Two studies, the Public Service Study (n=448) and the Health Care Study (n=261), sample different work and family role contexts (spouse, parent, kinkeeper and friendship, manager, workmate and service roles). The Integrative Emotional Work (IEW) Inventory was developed to assess emotional work in these roles. ¶
Emotional work is not just women's work. Younger people and those from ethnic minority backgrounds also do more emotional work. In contexts where it is not rewarded, emotional work is done by those with lower status. Emotional work is responsive and increases when other people are distressed. It is an aspect of the domestic division of labour, and influenced by workplace climate. Although personality is a factor, some determinants are modifiable. People do more emotional work when they have the skills, when it is saliently prescribed, and when it is rewarded and recognised. ¶
Emotional work is costly to those who do it and combines in its effects across work and family roles. When people do emotional work they 'catch' emotions from others (Hatfield, Cacioppo, & Rapson, 1994). Handling positive emotions in others improves wellbeing. However, handling negative emotions in others relates to a wide range of psychological health problems. These health costs are mitigated when emotional work is rewarded. Emotional work's devaluation sets in train social group differences in its performance, and confers both material (England & Folbre, 1999) and health disadvantages on those who do it.
44
Chevé-Aicardi, Dominique. "Les corps de la Contagion. Etude anthropologique des représentations iconographiques de la peste (XVIème – Xxème siècles en Europe)." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011965.
Full textAbstract:
Etude anthropologique des représentations du corps (épidémie, mort, mal)Deux axes structurent ce travail : les « corps de la peste » elle-même comme identification à la mort et allégorie du mal ; les corps pestiférés figurés. L'étude s'attache à l'imaginaire du mal, de la mort et du sort, à la symbolique et à la réalité épidémiques. La peste a valeur d'un paradigme anthropologique en Occident, celui de la confrontation des populations au mal par le biais de l'épidémie, schème où se joue le vécu corporel, la confrontation à l'irréversible, la mort, l'autre / les autres, l'irrationnel et la faute : autant de figures de l'altérité. Les expressions de l'atteinte et des crises sociales liées aux épidémies, celle de la commensurabilité mal / maladie et de leurs correspondances forment un noyau invariant mais complexe de significations. Il atteste en nous alors que les pestes ont disparu en Occident une sorte de présence de l'inactuel, par la médiation du corps et la matérialité de la chair atteinte.
45
Parker, Jazma Mekelle. "Law Enforcement Perception of Social Media as an Influence in Mass Shootings." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7891.
Full textAbstract:
Mass shootings have been a persistent issue in the United States, and the underlying factors that continue to influence this crime are not yet evident. This study explored the effects of social media as an influence on mass shootings in the United States. Its purpose was to address the role of social media in spreading opinionated ideologies. The research question addressed the role of social media in influencing the actions of perpetrators of mass shootings in the United States. The study framework was based on the social-ecological model to facilitate classification of the susceptibilities of social media users to adverse ideologies; 7 experts on mass shootings were interviewed in the study. Findings revealed that social media tend to influence mass shooting in 4 capacities: as enablers of the conceptualization process of the crime until the final act of mass violence; as facilitators of the individual or personal agenda of the mass shooter; as platforms that harness emerging technology for knowledge building during the planning phase and create operational efficiency for the final act; and as coordinators of group or symphonic terrorism. Government authorities in charge of combating mass shootings perform their tasks through actionable intelligence, legislation and policy, training of police and other first responders, mechanical barriers or deterrents, and brainstorming for new techniques and strategies. They are, however, constrained by considerable odds, which often come conjointly with their methods of crime resolution and strategies. Predictive technologies, as vehicles to fight or prevent mass shootings, have limiting influences on government action, particularly relating to the First and Fourth Amendments and the culture of hate that is nurtured and sustained through social media.
46
Queffelec, Guillaume. "Stratégies de gestion alternative, liquidité des marchés et excès de volatilité." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997750.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse à la contribution des investisseurs sophistiqués de type hedge funds à la dynamique des marchés financiers. Considérant qu'ils sont les acteurs fondamentaux de la révélation des prix et de la liquidité des marchés, tant du point de vue du modèle standard que des critiques comportementalistes, on propose une évaluation des interdépendances dynamiques entre stratégies de gestion alternative et marchés financiers. Les trois premiers chapitres proposent, aumoyen d'approches économétriques originales, la mise en perspective des stratégies de hedge funds avec la dynamique des marchés à travers l'étude des rendements, de la volatilité et des co-volatilités. S'appuyant sur un large panel de résultats, l'étude révèle les nombreuses causalités croisées entre fonds et marchés, offrant à la finance comportementale des éléments de preuves empiriques des interactions qu'elle envisage au regard des excès de volatilité ou de la contagion financière. Riche de ces enseignements, le dernier chapitre propose enfin un retour aux modèles théoriques d'équilibres de marché pour proposer un portrait contrasté de la spéculation rationnelle dans sa relation à l'efficience des marchés.
47
Bahr, Gunter [Verfasser]. "Sustainability - is it contagious? : fairness in an intergenerational three-person dictator game with social interaction / Gunter Bahr." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1019871334/34.
Full text
48
Didry, Nico. "Les dynamiques émotionnelles collectives dans la consommation expérientielle : approche ethnomarketing de l'expérience de festival." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAG003/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse s’intéresse à la compréhension des mécanismes de partage d’émotions et de vécu affectif collectif en situation de consommation d’événement récréatif comme les festivals. L’émotion est étudiée d’un point de vue collectif et l’attention est focalisée sur les émotions positives, ce qui confère une double originalité à ce travail. Notre démarche relève d’un processus abductif articulé autour de phases successives d’immersions ethnographiques dans les rassemblements festifs des communautés glisse et psytrance et d’un recours à une littérature multidisciplinaire, significatif de notre inscription dans le courant de recherche de la théorie culturelle de la consommation (CCT).Il ressort que les transferts d’émotion sont centraux dans l’expérience de consommation événementielle. Les processus de partage d’émotion et de contagion émotionnelle sont omniprésents et contribuent à la création d’émotions collectives dont le vécu est recherché par le festivalier ou le spectateur. Ces dynamiques émotionnelles, qui sont en lien étroit avec la notion d’appartenance à la communauté, façonnent les logiques de consommation des festivaliers et influent sur leur rapport à l’expérience. L’ancrage socioculturel des dynamiques émotionnelles est aussi validé par nos résultats.Appréhender l’expérience par la dimension émotionnelle collective nous a permis de proposer une approche singulière de l’expérience et des cadres d’analyse spécifiques au contexte des festivals et des spectacles vivants. En outre, ce travail ouvre de nombreuses perspectives de recherche sur de nouvelles notions que notre analyse a permis de mettre à jour, comme celle de leader d’émotion, de style émotionnel et de densité émotionnelleThis thesis focuses on the understanding of sharing emotions mechanisms and collective emotional experiences in recreational event consumption situation like festivals. The emotion is studied from a collective point of view and the attention is focused on positive emotions, giving this work a double originality. We adopted an abductive process that is articulated around successive phases of ethnographic immersions in festive gatherings of the action sport and the psytrance communities, and a use of multidisciplinary literature significant to to our registration in the Consumption Cultural Theory (CCT) research stream.Our results show that transfers of emotion are central in the event consumer experience. The process of emotional sharing and emotional contagion are ubiquitous and contribute to the creation of collective emotions that the experience is sought by the festival consumer or the event spectator. These emotional dynamics that are closely linked with the notion of belonging to the community, are shaping the consumption logics of the festival visitors, and are influencing their relation to the experience. The socio-cultural anchor of emotional dynamics is also confirmed by our results.Understanding the experience with the collective emotional dimension has allowed us to offer a unique approach to the experience and specific analytical frameworks to the context of festivals and live performances. In addition, this work opens many research perspectives on new concepts that our analysis was to update, such as emotional leader, emotional style and emotional density
49
Falzon, Charlène. "Les barrières psychologiques à la pratique de l'activité physique chez les personnes touchées par le cancer : rôle des stéréotypes et de la contagion motivationnelle." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00929830.
Full textAbstract:
La première partie de cette thèse défend l'hypothèse selon laquelle les croyances des personnes touchées par le cancer à propos de l'activité physique reflètent l'internalisation de stéréotypes, affectant leurs comportements vis-à-vis de l'activité physique. Les deux premières études de la thèse ont permis d'identifier cinq catégories de croyances liées à l'activité physique dont quatre constituent des barrières psychologiques, ainsi que de développer et valider une échelle mesurant les stéréotypes relatifs au cancer et à l'activité physique. L'étude 3 a montré que les stéréotypes relatifs au cancer et à l'activité physique des patients atteints de cancer sont reliés à leur niveau d'activité physique. Enfin, l'étude 4 a mis en évidence l'influence positive du statut d'individu " physiquement actif " dans la formation d'impressions de la population générale à l'égard des individus atteints de cancer. L'objectif secondaire de cette thèse était d'identifier des conditions de changement des croyances et de la motivation à l'égard de l'activité physique chez les personnes touchées par le cancer. Deux études ont examiné les effets de messages de promotion de l'activité physique auprès de patients sédentaires. L'étude 5 a montré que les messages informatifs génèrent les scores de croyances les plus favorables, tandis que les messages narratifs seraient plus appropriés pour augmenter leur motivation. L'étude 6 a confirmé l'hypothèse selon laquelle un message narratif porté par un pair intrinsèquement motivé est plus efficace pour améliorer la motivation à faire de l'exercice chez des patients sédentaires, qu'un message narratif porté par un pair extrinsèquement motivé.
50
Soares, Antonio Jose Espadinha Vieira. "Cultural evolution : making the case for the study of culture from an evolutionary perspective within the theoretical framework of neo-Darwinism and Meme Theory." Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1874120.
Full text