Journal articles: 'Container transit'

1

Kireev, Alexander V., Nikolay M. Kozhemyaka, and Gennady N. Kononov. "High-speed container transport system." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 2 (September 13, 2018): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst2018425-18.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The new scope of application for vehicles equipped with magnetic suspension is the fright container transportation. In order to realize the transit potential of the country, the increase in mean speed of the container trains is required. Aim: The present work aims to explore the possibilities to develop the high-speed transport system equipped with magnetic suspension for container transportation along Euro-Asian land bridge. Methods: As the research tools used methods of situational analysis, computer modeling, transport geography, technical and economic analysis. Results: The market analysis results of the transit container transportation have shown that the major challenge for Russian transit development is the constrained traffic capacity of the existing transport corridors. The drastic solution to the problem can be the construction of a new high-speed transport system. The following factors determining the conditions for the creation of the new transport system have been identified: use of transport possibilities of the Azov-Black Sea basin; ensuring accessibility of the northern territories; development of technical solutions for the creation of a transport system with low-cost infrastructure. The combined traction levitation system has been developed based on the extremely simple design of the linear switched reluctance motor. The experimental researches of the full-functional physical model of the transport platform have been performed. The assessment of investment project efficiency has shown that despite the large start-up investment in the track infrastructure, the project has positive economic effect. Practical importance: The computer model of the combined traction levitation system based on the linear switched reluctance motor has been designed. The concept of constructing a new transport system is proposed, taking into account the characteristics of the proposed operational region in poorly developed territories. The high-speed route has been proposed connecting the Azov-Black sea basin with the Pacific coastline and completely passing through the territories of Russia including some northern regions. The transit potential assessment has shown that due to the transit time reduction it is possible to attract the container freights with traffic volume of 1,52 million in twenty-foot equivalentunit.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Danelia, Irakli. "Black Sea Container Market and Georgia’s Positioning." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 31 (November 30, 2018): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n31p100.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the strategically important geographical location, Black Sea region has a key transit function throughout between Europe and Asia. Georgia, which is a part of Black sea area, has a vital transit function for Caucasus Region, as well as for whole New Silk Road area. Nevertheless, still there is no evidence what kind of role and place Georgia has in The Black Sea container market. As the country has ambition to be transit hub for containerizes cargo flows between west and east and is actively involved in the process of formation “One Belt One Road” project, it is very important to identify Country’s current circumstances, capacities and future potential. Because of this, the purpose of the study is to investigate cargo flows and opportunities of the Black Sea container market, level of competitiveness in the area and define Georgia’s positioning in the regional Container market.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Lu, Tao, Chung-Yee Lee, and Loo-Hay Lee. "Coordinating Pricing and Empty Container Repositioning in Two-Depot Shipping Systems." Transportation Science 54, no. 6 (November 2020): 1697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2020.0980.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper studies joint decisions on pricing and empty container repositioning in two-depot shipping services with stochastic shipping demand. We formulate the problem as a stochastic dynamic programming model. The exact dynamic program may have a high-dimensional state space because of the in-transit containers. To cope with the curse of dimensionality, we develop an approximate model where the number of in-transit containers on each vessel is approximated with a fixed container flow predetermined by solving a static version of the problem. Moreover, we show that the approximate value function is [Formula: see text]-concave, thereby characterizing the structure of the optimal control policy for the approximate model. With the upper bound obtained by solving the information relaxation–based dual of the exact dynamic program, we numerically show that the control policies generated from our approximate model are close to optimal when transit times span multiple periods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Zhang, Qi, Hongjin Dong, Mingjun Ling, Leyi Duan, and Yuguang Wei. "Optimization of Gantry Cranes’ Operation Path for Transshipment Based on Improved TSP." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (January 12, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9861370.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to improve the transshipment efficiency of transit containers in the port or the port-type railway network container freight station (PRNCS) with the condition that each transit container matches a railway flat-car, this paper studied the optimization of operation path of the rail mounted gantry crane (RMG) in the loading and unloading track for containers transshipped directly from highway to railway. Based on the basic model of TSP, the paper constructed the optimization model for the operation path of RMG, and designed the Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) to solve it, and then obtained the operation scheme of RMG having the highest efficiency. Finally, the validity and correctness of the model and algorithm were verified by a case.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Wang, Shuaian, Qiang Meng, and Chung-Yee Lee. "Liner container assignment model with transit-time-sensitive container shipment demand and its applications." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 90 (August 2016): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2016.04.014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Karsten, Christian Vad, Stefan Ropke, and David Pisinger. "Simultaneous Optimization of Container Ship Sailing Speed and Container Routing with Transit Time Restrictions." Transportation Science 52, no. 4 (August 2018): 769–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0818.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Wang, Shuaian, Qiang Meng, and Zhiyuan Liu. "Containership scheduling with transit-time-sensitive container shipment demand." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 54 (August 2013): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2013.04.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Dorokhin, S. V., V. A. Zelikov, A. S. Subhonberdiev, E. V. Titova, and N. N. Popova. "Analysis of the imрact of foreign ecocomiс factors on the develoрment of transit transрort in the territorу of The EEU." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-419-425.

Full text

Abstract:

Globalization of world markets, the formation of global supply chains, current economic trends allow us to count on further growth in world trade. The main challenge to the transport complex of the EAEU is the realization of the possibilities for reorienting part of the transported goods between the largest world markets for transportation through the territory of the EAEU. It should be noted that the attraction of transit freight traffic will remain relevant even with a decrease in world trade due to any economic changes, as it is not only about attracting additional freight traffic due to an increase in trade volumes, but also the redistribution of the structure of the existing freight traffic due to an increase in the share of the EAEU. All EAEU member states are interested in developing the transit transport market in Europe-Asia traffic and vice versa. Considering that almost all transit is container traffic, container rail transport will be mainly considered. The transportation of containers by road was not considered in the framework of the preparation of the report, due to the practical absence of such transportation across the Union from one external border to another. The existing container transportation by road is mainly a component of multimodal transportation, one of the links along with rail and water transportation. The task of the EAEU is to ensure an increase in transit traffic between the PRC and the EU, following the land route through the territory of the Union. The transit route from China to Europe through the Union has several advantages: it is faster than the sea route via the Suez Canal and cheaper than air transportation from China to Europe. Thus, there are all the prerequisites for the reorientation of part of the cargo flow to transportation through Eurasian transit corridors. The main share of container transportation in the world is in maritime transport. Due to its characteristics, maritime transport will continue to play a key role in the Europe-Asia transport market. However, there are two factors that are currently pushing for the diversification of communications and the opening of new land connections between Europe and Asia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kochneva, D. I., and Chang Khao. "Model of planning the route of container trains with cargo operations en route." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 4 (2020): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2020-4-46-55.

Full text

Abstract:

The article discusses a new approach to the organization of container trains based on the principles of passenger transport. The technology involves the movement of a container train on a schedule with the sale of cargo seats on the train. The train is formed at the departure station and follows the established route with stops at intermediate container terminals or stations, where the container is removed by appointment to this station and installed in the vacant place of the container by appointment to the next stations on the route. A model has been developed for forming the route of a container train with associated operations for loading and unloading containers, which allows you to find the optimal route according to the criterion of delivery time, provided that the train is loaded as much as possible on the entire route. The mathematical apparatus for constructing the model is graph theory. An algorithm for step-by-step planning of a complex of container trains on a given transport network and the established demand of regions in container transportation is proposed. The method is tested on the example of container delivery routes from China to Russia and Europe, while the considered network combines import and transit container flows with domestic and export flows formed in the Russian Federation. Given the demand matrix and the configuration of the transport network, the algorithm allowed us to create nine container trains running daily from the Eastern to Western borders of the Russian Federation, provided availability of maximum load of the container train on each section of the route. The implementation of the proposed technology will increase the competitiveness of railway container transport in both domestic and transit traffic, create conditions for containerization of additional cargo traffic by reducing delivery time and improving the quality of transport services.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kireev, Alexander V., Nikolay M. Kozhemyaka, and Gennadiy N. Kononov. "Prerequisites for the Creation of a High-Speed Container Transport System." Transportation systems and technology 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 5–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst2017345-41.

Full text

Abstract:

The new scope of application for vehicles equipped with magnetic suspension is the fright container transportation. In order to realise the transit potential of the country, the increase in mean speed of the container trains is required. Objective. The purpose of the work is to explore the possibilities to develop the highspeed transport system equipped with magnetic suspension for container transportation along Eurasian land bridge. Methods. The following methods and analysis have been used as research instruments: case study, computer modeling, transport geography and technical and economic analysis. Results. The market analysis results of the transit container transportation have shown that the major challenge for Russian transit development is the constrained traffic capacity of the existing transport corridors. The drastic solution of the problem can be the construction of a new high-speed transport system. The following factors determining the conditions for the creation of the new transport system have been identified: the use of the Azov-Black sea basin transportation facilities, provision of the accessibility of the northern areas; the development of technical solutions ensuring the design of the transport system with low cost infrastructure. The combined traction levitation system has been developed based on the extremely simple design of the linear switched reluctance motor. The experimental researches of the full-functional physical model of the transport platform have been performed. The assessment of investment project efficiency has shown that despite large start-up investment in the track infrastructure, the project has positive economic effect. Practical importance. The computer model of the combined traction levitation system based on the linear switched reluctance motor has been designed. The concept of the new transport system construction has been introduced taking into account the characteristics of the supposed operating test sites in poorly developed areas. The high-speed route has been proposed connecting the Azov-Black sea basin with the Pacific coastline and completely passing through the territories of Russia including some northern regions. The transit potential assessment has shown that due to the transit time reduction it is possible to attract the container freights with traffic volume of 1.52 million in twenty-pounds equivalent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Hilmola, Olli-Pekka, Weidong Li, and Yulia Panova. "Development Status and Future Trends for Eurasian Container Land Bridge Transport." Logistics 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics5010018.

Full text

Abstract:

For decades, trade between Europe and China has grown consistently, which has resulted in increased container transportation volumes. Such transportation has been dominated by sea-based options. However, over the years, an air-based mode of transport was developed, while it has lately become increasingly popular to use railways utilizing the Trans-Siberian land bridge. This latter approach boomed amid the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. However, the railway container boom in Eurasia has deeper roots than just the COVID-19 era. As is illustrated in this research work, international trade containers (trade between Russia and other countries, mostly China) and transit containers (e.g., serving the Chinese–EU route) were already showing some significance as early as 2003–2004. In 2020, their volume was already measured in the millions, regardless of the railway data source being used. This is well above the starting period in the 1980s and 1990s, when total annual volumes were around 0.1 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). Container capacity has developed over the years, first being used for international trade and only lately for transit. As a preliminary comparison to air freight, the growth rate was roughly double that in the two-decade observation period.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Huang, Jian She, and Zhen Zhen Ren. "Research on SA-Based Addressing Model of Slot in Container Terminal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.985.

Full text

Abstract:

The position of Container Terminal as a transit of a complete logistics system is very prominent. With the rapid development of modern port, the rapid increase in container traffic takes tremendous pressure to terminals. The impact of the restowing problem to the operational efficiency is increasingly prominent. The research on addressing model of the container is important to cut down the restowing rate and improve the operational efficiency. A study is conducted on this in this paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Dong, Lili, Gouhui Liu, Xin Ye, and Wei Wang. "Study on the Design of Container Highway and Railway Automatic Transfer Vehicle in Ocean Port." Polish Maritime Research 25, s3 (December 1, 2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0106.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract To realize “seamless” connection of ocean port container multimodal transport, efficiently carry out “door-to-door” transport of ocean port containers and overcome the shortcomings of existing highway and railway vehicles, this study takes the standard for heavy-duty container vehicles in TB1335-1996 Railway Vehicle Strength Design and Test Identification Code as the design basis and designs a new ocean port container transport vehicle in combination with automatic guidance technology. This study innovatively designs the automatic lifting system of the bogie and the docking part of the vehicle, introduces the automatic guidance technology and the remote-control technology to optimize the car body structure, and uses the SAP software to carry out the finite element analysis of the car body load capacity and Flexsim software to carry out the simulation analysis on the operation of vehicles. The designed transfer vehicle can improve the transfer efficiency of ocean port containers, reduce the transit time of field and station equipment and container transport links, and improve the level of multimodal transport and comprehensive economic benefits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Tsvetkov, V. A., K. Kh Zoidov, and A. A. Medkov. "On International Cargo Transit within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization." Economics and Management, no. 11 (December 19, 2019): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2019-11-42-52.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim. The presented study aims to develop a conceptual framework for the coordination and development of the competitive advantages of international transit between the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) member states in an attempt to create a unified transport system within the SCO space.Tasks. The authors assess the prospects of the interconnection and innovative development of the transit transport systems (TTS) of the SCO member states to create a common network of railroads and motorways and a unified transport system within the SCO; analyze the directions and prospects of the digital transformation of the transportation process at interstate junctions; prove that the development of cargo transit by rail, primarily through the improvement of transit transport communication with Afghanistan, is an important prerequisite for ensuring integrated security within the SCO space.Methods. This study uses the methods of systems analysis, evolutionary-institutional theory, econometric modeling, and historical approach.Results. The prospects for TTS interconnection are rooted in the implementation of the Agreement between the SCO member states to create favorable conditions for international road transport. Another promising direction involves creating a common network of railroads to achieve the global goal of establishing a unified transport system within the SCO. Given the fact that the container market has been occupied by Chinese manufacturers, the authors believe that Russian companies can and should take up a significant part of the container platform market (including innovative) within the SCO. The coordination of international transit transport should also be aimed at reducing the empty mileage rates of containers and container platforms. One of the directions for reducing empty mileage includes the formation of a backhaul cargo base and development of logistics schemes. Multimodal (combined) transport requires a single transport document as well as development and implementation of electronic workflows for cargo transit along international transport corridors. To ensure the national security of the SCO member states, first of all, it is necessary to develop rail transport of goods and passengers, which is more subject to control than road transport. It is also necessary to enhance the application of stationary and mobile inspection and examination complexes for the customs and border control of cargo.Conclusions. Realization of the transit transport potential of the SCO member states and creation of a unified transport system within the Organization’s space requires the following conditions to be met: construction of high-end transport communications; expansion of the capacity of overland borders, development of port infrastructure; interconnection of infrastructure integration projects and transit transport systems; interoperability of the transportation process, construction of multimodal transport and logistics centers; digitization of the transportation process, implementation of transport technologies based on artificial intelligence; creation of multimodal digital international corridors; implementation of electronic workfl ws; traceability of cargo transit using electronic seals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kuzmin, P. S. "OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF RAIL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION ALONG THE TRANSPORT CORRIDORS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Strategic decisions and risk management 11, no. 2 (September 23, 2020): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2618-947x-2020-2-160-171.

Full text

Abstract:

The greatest prospects associated with transnational rail freight are determined by the use of containers. In Russian publications, the development of containerized cargo transportation is mainly considered by analyzing the general laws of functioning of international transport corridors. At the same time, aspects affecting infrastructure diagnostics and analysis of the throughput capacity of sections of the railway network are not considered.The purpose of the study was to identify the characteristics of freight flows in the direction of the EU—EAEU—PRC, to identify infrastructure barriers that slow down the acceleration and increase in the volume of container railway freight transportation, as well as to develop a set of measures aimed at improving the competitiveness of container railway freight transportation along the transport corridors of the Russian Federation.In the course of the study, infrastructural diagnostics was carried out, which revealed a number of barriers that did not allow realizing the growth potential of transit container cargo transportation.To remove infrastructure barriers, it is necessary to implement a number of measures, the key of which are measures to increase the capacity of infrastructure at border crossings, increase the speed of trains along the railway networks of JSCo RZD, develop terminal and logistics centers that provide a wide range of services for consignors and consignees.The development of container rail freight is a strategically important area for the Russian Federation. The well-coordinated work of Russian Railways with private investors and the state in the framework of expanding and modernizing the terminal infrastructure, as well as increasing intermodal interactions, is able to overcome the existing infrastructure barriers and ensure the growth of container transit in the required volumes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Oblak, Renato, Svjetlana Hess, and Alen Jugović. "Inland Container Terminals in the Function of the Northern Adriatic Ports Enhanced Operation." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 51, no. 1 (March 2016): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2016.51.06.

Full text

Abstract:

Continuous growth in the Northern Adriatic ports container traffic has caused a high utilization rate of the existing loading/unloading and storage capacities. In order to relieve pressure in ports and avoid traffic congestion and overcrowding which are already occurring, a possible solution is imposed by the construction of a new inland container terminal in their catchment background. This would meet the need for additional storage areas, speed up the flow of containers and ensure sustainable development of the Northern Adriatic container ports. In this paper, a proposition is presented for development of an inland container terminal in Kotoriba as a transit logistics centre for the ports of Rijeka, Trieste and Koper. Using the concept of their transport interlinkage and business policy pursuing their common appearance on the market, unlimited possibilities will be provided for the development of the Northern Adriatic supply chain toward the markets of the Central and Eastern Europe

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Meng, Qiang, Shuaian Wang, and Zhiyuan Liu. "Network Design for Shipping Service of Large-Scale Intermodal Liners." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2269, no. 1 (January 2012): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2269-05.

Full text

Abstract:

A model was developed for network design of a shipping service for large-scale intermodal liners that captured essential practical issues, including consistency with current services, slot purchasing, inland and maritime transportation, multiple-type containers, and origin-to-destination transit time. The model used a liner shipping hub-and-spoke network to facilitate laden container routing from one port to another. Laden container routing in the inland transportation network was combined with the maritime network by defining a set of candidate export and import ports. Empty container flow is described on the basis of path flow and leg flow in the inland and maritime networks, respectively. The problem of network design for shipping service of an intermodal liner was formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming model. The proposed model was used to design the shipping services for a global liner shipping company.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Shen, Chien-Wen, Ming-Town Lee, James Perng, and Carrie Wen. "Decision Analysis of EPC Compliant Electronic Seals for In-Transit Container Transport." Advanced Science Letters 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2012): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2012.2728.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Carvalho, Rafael H., Danielle C. B. Honorato, Paulo D. Guarnieri, Adriana L. Soares, Mayka R. Pedrão, Alexandre Oba, Fernanda G. Paião, Elza I. Ida, and Massami Shimokomaki. "Assessment of turkey vehicle container microclimate on transit during summer season conditions." International Journal of Biometeorology 62, no. 6 (January 23, 2018): 961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-018-1498-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Akyüz, M. Hakan, and Chung-Yee Lee. "Service type assignment and container routing with transit time constraints and empty container repositioning for liner shipping service networks." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 88 (June 2016): 46–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2016.02.007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Turaeva, M. O., and I. V. Gorokhova. "Russia and the Development of Eurasian Communications and Transit: After-Effects of the Pandemic and National Transportation Interests." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 3 (May 31, 2021): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-3-32-43.

Full text

Abstract:

The article analyzes the changes that the Eurasian transit is undergoing in connection with the consequences of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The authors consider the development of transport communications and the expansion of international transport corridors as a strategically important part of the national Russian economy, which has recently been rapidly gaining momentum, largely due to the pandemic. The demand for Eurasian land routes has increased even more due to the force majeure blocking of theSuez Canalin the spring of 2021. The content analysis of databases, regulatory documents, strategies, expert assessments and up-to-date statistics on the Eurasian cargo container transit was carried out. The latest trends related to the introduction of quarantine restrictions and the potential of countries to adapt to new realities are investigated. The connection between internal processes in the EAEU countries and the growth of container transit through the Russian territory is revealed. The authors identified the reasons for the significant loss in 2020.Kazakhstan's transit competitiveness and shows how the internal political crisis inBelaruscloses its routes for transshipment of goods toEurope. The main priorities in the development of the national transport interests of theRussian Federationhave been formed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Zhang, Xin-Yu, Ming-Jun Ji, Shun Yao, and Xiang Chen. "Optimising Feeder Routing for Container Ships through an Electronic Chart Display and Information System." Journal of Navigation 68, no. 5 (April 17, 2015): 848–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463315000211.

Full text

Abstract:

Large container ships can only be berthed in hub ports with deep water, which requires a feeder ship service to transit and transport containers from the hub ports. This paper presents a feeder routing optimisation method for container ships through an intelligent Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). ECDIS has been adopted to design routes and calculate the estimated time of arrival in two ports, and a mixed integer programming model is established for container vessel regional transportation where the shortest ship sailing time is designated as the objective function. In this paper, through using heuristic tour-route coding, the solution of the model based on genetic algorithms is presented to select ship capacities and routes simultaneously. Taking the Pearl River in China as an example, for different types of vessel capacity, vessel costs and fuel costs, 100 TEU and 150 TEU ship capacities with six optimal routes are selected to minimise sailing time and operating costs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Zaitsev, Anatoly A., and Iana V. Sokolova. "Prospects of establishment of east-west transit transport corridor deploying magnetic levitation technology." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 3 suppl. 1 (November 19, 2018): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201843s121-35.

Full text

Abstract:

According to economist Klaus Schwab, the today’s community is at the threshold of the Fourth Industrial Revolution which will influence transport branch especially. Today, we see a fundamental change of assessment of the place and role of transport in the world progress. At the governmental level the tasks of realisation of large-scale projects have been determined, which will be able to strengthen Russia’s positions at the world freight transport market, namely container transport, increase Russia’s transit potential, speed, quality of passenger service and freight transport. The authors suggest options to solve the set tasks building on the idea of implementation of innovative magnetic levitation technology while establishing East-West Transport Transit Corridor. Magnetic levitation technology is competitive with the existing modes of transport in key speed, sustainability, energy efficiency and safety parameters, namely ecological safety. The main purpose of establishment of a transit transport corridor is to introduce a new transport service with a unique number of properties. Accordingly, transport and technology tasks are solved which are associated with construction and modernisation of transport lines, terminals, information systems, etc. The project of transport transit corridor in question is suggested to undertake in three stages. The assessment of Russian container transport market and comparison study of maglev and conventional railway transport parameters confirm efficiency of the project. To deliver this project, the decision should be made at the governmental level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Yudnikova, E. S., and N. M. Bedashov. "Features and prospects of development of transit container transportation on the Northern sea route." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1151, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1151/1/012011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Gulić, Marko, Livia Maglić, and Sanjin Valčić. "Nature Inspired Metaheuristics for Optimizing Problems at a Container Terminal." Pomorstvo 32, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.32.1.16.

Full text

Abstract:

Nowadays, maritime transport is the backbone of the international trade of goods. Therefore, seaports play a very important role in global transport. The use of containers is significantly represented in the maritime transport. Considering the increased number of container shipments in the global transport, seaport container terminals have to be adapted to a new situation and provide the best possible service of container transfer by reducing the transfer cost and the container transit time. Therefore, there is a need for optimization of the whole container transport process within the terminal. The logistic problems of the container terminals have become very complex and logistics experts cannot manually adjust the operations of terminal processes that will optimize the usage of resources. Hence, to achieve further improvements of terminal logistics, there is a need to introduce scientific methods such as metaheuristics that will enable better and optimized use of the terminal resources in an automated way. There is a large number of research papers that have successfully proposed the solutions of optimizing the container logistic problems with well-known metaheuristics inspired by the nature. However, there is a continuous emergence of new nature inspired metaheuristics today, like artificial bee colony algorithm, firefly algorithm and bat algorithm, that outperform the well-known metaheuristics considering the most popular optimization problems like travel salesman problem. Considering these results of comparing algorithms, we assume that better results of optimization of container terminal logistic problems can be achieved by introducing these new nature inspired metaheuristics. In this paper we have described and classified the main subsystems of the container terminal and its logistic problems that need to be optimized. We have also presented a review of new nature inspired metaheuristics (bee, firefly and bat algorithm) that could be used in the optimization of these problems within the terminal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Judnikova, Elena. "Methodological Aspects of Container Rail Traffic Managed by Transport Organizations." Bulletin of Baikal State University 31, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2021.31(1).80-89.

Full text

Abstract:

The article considers the state of the container rail transportation market and the competitiveness of its development in Russia. It also reveals the negative factors and problems hindering the development of Russian transit potential as well as characterizes the main container rail operators. Methodological approach for identifying the potential of container railway traffic managed by transport organizations is offered in the research. Several methods are used in the study, such as analysis as a way to explore the prospects of container transportation in the Russian Federation, synthesis as a way of combining into a single whole for development of methodological aspects of organizing container transportation and hypothetical method for constructing an algorithm (model) of choosing a strategy for organizing container transportation for participants of the process. The research indicated inadequacy in existing scientific research of the methodological approach used in container shipping traffic strategy for transport companies. It is recommended to take into account the influence of negative factors and problems, hindering the development of container transportation. The study highlighted the need for developing a model while choosing a strategy in container traffic management for transport organizations. Practical value of the study is in methodological approach offered for constructing an algorithm in choosing a strategy for container transportation managed by transport organizations. The article reviews the container market conditions in macro and micro-levels, ranking the profitability of container transportation routes. It is concluded that methodology for calculating the need for fitting platforms will allow transport organizations to optimize investment projects in the market.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Wang, Bin, and Tao Yang. "Multi-Objective Optimization Model of Export and Transit Containers Storage in a Transshipment Port Yard." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.272.

Full text

Abstract:

To effectively improve the competitiveness of port enterprises, container yard stacking optimization is an important way to raise their benefit. A multi-objective optimization model for containers stacking in the storage yard based on 0-1mixed integer programming is built to improve its efficiency. The objective function is to minimize the number of yard cranes used in the storage yard and balance the workload among different blocks during the planning period. The decision variables include the number of transit and export containers assigned to yard-bits, yard cranes distributed to blocks, yard-bits with high and low workload in a block. The constraints include meeting the shipping requirement, storage capacity and operational capacity of yard cranes. A numerical example is given and solved by Lingo9.0. The simulation is done to recover the relation between workload level and the number of yard crane used and the workload balance. The model can be used to yard stacking management and lift its level for a transshipment port.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Yousefi, Homayoun. "Strategic Planning for Port Development: Improvement of Container Transit from the Iranian Southern Ports Terminals." TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 7, no. 3 (2013): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12716/1001.07.03.16.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

OLORUNDA, A. O., and M. A. TUNG. "Simulated transit studies on tomatoes; effects of compressive load, container, vibration and maturity on mechanical damage." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 20, no. 6 (June 28, 2007): 669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb01964.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

ADEGOROYE, A. S., and D. E. ENIAYEJU. "Technical note: Influence of container material and shape on impact-induced damage of tomatoes in transit." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 23, no. 6 (June 28, 2007): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1988.tb01049.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

van Riessen, Bart, Rudy R. Negenborn, Gabriel Lodewijks, and Rommert Dekker. "Impact and relevance of transit disturbances on planning in intermodal container networks using disturbance cost analysis." Maritime Economics & Logistics 17, no. 4 (October 9, 2014): 440–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/mel.2014.27.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Vakulenko, S. P., D. Yu Romenskiy, M. I. Mekhedov, A. A. Gavrilenkov, A. M. Nasybullin, and V. V. Solov'ev. "Economic parameters of transportation by “Cold Express” trains on the example of the route Vladivostok—Moscow—St. Petersburg." VNIIZHT Scientific Journal 79, no. 6 (February 27, 2021): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2020-79-6-319-326.

Full text

Abstract:

Currently, a project for organizing the transportation of perishable freights by “Cold Express” trains is under development, which is a new transport product aimed at delivering food, agricultural raw materials and other highly profitable goods to cities where regular container trains are impractical. The article discusses the economic efficiency of the investment project for organizing the transportation of freights in regular refrigerated container trains on the example of the Vladivostok—Moscow—St. Petersburg route, taking into account the arrangement of at least 18 container sites capable of handling transit container trains. Transportation according to the “Cold Express” concept involves the delivery of freights on the Vladivostok— Moscow—St. Petersburg route to associated large cities by container train loaded with refrigerated and insulated containers, according to a developed schedule with a known arrival and departure time. Capacity of the freight transportation market on the pilot route of the “Cold Express” is 2.0 million tons with the development of transportation in both directions when reaching the design capacity. Freight traffic will be formed by 23 stops on the route, 2 port hubs, 2 border land crossings with a traffic size of 7 pairs of trains per week. As part of the project, an assessment was made of the need for the local reconstruction of passing stations and equipping them with new ones or refurbishing existing container terminals. At the same time, the commissioning of these terminals is supposed to be gradual within 7 years of the project, which also allows gradually increasing the freight base and improving the quality of transportation. The article presents the results of calculations of the commercial efficiency of the project for the Russian Railways as the owner of the infrastructure, carrier and operator of these container terminals, which show its high prospects. Even with an incomplete train load predicted due to uneven density of freight traffic, the net discounted payback period is 10 years.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

YEROYAN, A. G. "MODERN ROLLING COMPOSITION OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT. MAIN TRENDS IN TRANSPORT ENGINEERING." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 3 (2020): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.03.02.008.

Full text

Abstract:

The article explores the main technical parameters of modern electric locomotives in Russia. The renewal of the locomotive complex directly affects the quality of the transportation process. Due to the growing volume of cargo transportation, the intensity of passenger train traffic between large cities, the growth of transit container traffic, the existing dilapidated rolling stock needs updating to be ready for the annually increasing demand for rail transportation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Mitchell, M. A., and P. J. Kettlewell. "Taking the stress out of transport - indices of physiological stress in transit." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600028117.

Full text

Abstract:

Currently, in excess of 650 million broiler chickens are produced per annum in the UK.The rearing of these animals on large numbers of geographically dispered sites necessitates their transportation to centralised processing plants for slaughter. Birds are transported in containers in which behaviour, including any thermoregulatory component, will be restricted. The design of the container and the vehicle and the external climatic conditions will have profound effects upon the immediate environment of the birds. In transit they may be exposed to a variety of potential stressors including the thermal demands of this transport microenvironment, motion, acceleration, vibration, impacts, fasting, withdrawal of water, social disruption and noise. The adverse effects of these factors and their combinations may range from discomfort and mild aversion to death. Mortalities in transit are generally 0.4% or less but this may represent approximately 2 million birds per annum in the UK. It is estimated that up to 40% of the mortalities observed at the processing plant are a consequence of “stress”. It is thus essential from the standpoints of both animal welfare and productivity to optimise commercial poultry transport conditions and to provide the sound scientific basis for legislation relating to vehicles and transport practices. Although examination of the existing literature reveals that thermal stress is acknowledged as a major hazard during animal transportation it has been poorly characterised under practical conditions and the interactions between the animals and the complex thermal microenvironments clearly require more rigorous analyses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Khumalo, Gculisile, Leila L. Goedhals-Gerber, Paul Cronje, and Tarl Berry. "The non-conformance of in-transit citrus container shipments to cold protocol markets: A systematic literature review." Food Control 125 (July 2021): 107947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107947.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Grigoryev, M. N. "Development of Transit Potential of the Northern Sea Route." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 12, no. 5 (January 7, 2020): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2019-12-5-109-129.

Full text

Abstract:

The sectoral structure of the Northern sea transport corridor is defined, the set of the transport tasks provided to them - the international transit, import and export operations, internal transportations is considered. It is shown that in relation to the water area of the sector of the Northern Sea Route both the international, and internal transportations (big cabotage and intersectoral transportations) can be referred to transit. The analysis of transit transportations across the Northern Sea Route between the countries in 2010-2018 is carried out, dynamics and commodity structure of transit is defined. Dynamics of transit transportations of main types of freights is considered: bulk freights (oil products, gas condensate), bulk cargoes (iron ore, coal). The analysis of dynamics of in-Russian transit transportations across the Northern Sea Route is carried out; dynamics of transportations of frozen fish which transportation the possibility of creation of the year-round container line between the ports of Petropavlovsk Kamchatsky, Murmansk, Arkhangelsk and St. Petersburg contacts is separately considered. Results of development of transit transportations in 2010-2018 are generalized and the factors defining demand of transit transportations of different types of freights are defined. Assessment of prospects of development of transit freight traffic by foreign shipping companies (Maersk) is given. The conclusion is drawn that a priority of development of navigation in the sector of the Northern Sea Route is providing national investment projects - transportations of mineral resources and ensuring activity of mining companies. At the same time, creation of a steady system of transportation of the Arctic mineral resources defines problems of development of icebreaking, navigation and hydrometeorological providing that will lead to reduction of risk of the Arctic navigation and will increase appeal of the sea Arctic transport system in general. It is defined that emergency conditions for development of navigation in the water area of the Northern Sea Route are: expansion of group of the domestic Arctic linear icebreaker fleet; central planning of sea freight transportation and coordination of actions of participants which could increase appeal of use of the Northern Sea Route including for transit transportations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Samuilov, Valeriy M., Tatyana N. Tkacheva, and Andrey E. Kalashnikov. "Development of the New Silk Road project: operation during the pandemic and the increase in container transportation." Innotrans, no. 2 (2021): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2311-164x-2021-2-8-13.

Full text

Abstract:

The article examines the reasons for the stable functioning of the land transport corridor on the China-Europe-China route through Russia and Kazakhstan, while the rest of the world was experiencing a pandemic-induced recession in many areas. The latest achievements in the development of the New Silk Road project are noted, and its economic significance for China, Russia and other participating countries is emphasized. The main objectives of this project are highlighted, including: creating convenient and fast transit corridors through the centre of Eurasia, strengthening economic cooperation between the inner regions of China and neighbouring countries, and opening new markets for Chinese goods. Attention is paid to the factors that have a positive impact on the growth of container traffic through existing transport corridors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Pokrovskaya, O. D. "Special features of block trains and container trains promotion in the terminal network of the Saint Petersburg hub." PROCEEDINGS OF PETERSBURG TRANSPORT UNIVERSITY 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2021-1-34-51.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze special features of block trains and container trains promotion in the terminal network of the Saint Petersburg hub, in the environment of the discussed transport hub. Methods: The means and methods of the theory of warehouse systems developed by O. B. Malikov, general systems theory, system and economic analysis, logistics, and railways operational management have been applied. Results: It has been established that in order to attract transit cargo ﬂows and further develop international transport corridors passing through the Saint Petersburg hub, primarily East–West directions, it is necessary to create a network of container terminals with ﬂexible logistics. This solution will expand the range of delivery areas using block trains, form competitive through rates, reorient highly proﬁtable freight trafﬁc from road transport to railways, as well as organize interaction with European and Chinese intermodal and stevedore slotting operators and expand the operation areas block trains, container trains, express and specialized trains. Practical importance: The results obtained can be applied in the implementation of the Saint Petersburg transport hub development concept, in the design of railway hub individual elements and units, as well as in the servicing optimization of the seaport and terminal infrastructure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Matsiuk, Viacheslav, and Halyna Vasilova. "Rational areas of combined transport technologies application for container delivery on the Caspian-Black sea route of the new Silk Road." Transport Economics and Logistics 76 (December 4, 2018): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/etil.2018.76.10.

Full text

Abstract:

The article analyzes the main routes for delivering goods from China to the EU countries. The main transit flow in this direction is cargo in containers. The competitive Caspian-Black Sea route of the New Silk Road through Ukraine with the use of combined rail and sea transportations has been analyzed. Two delivery options are considered – using ferry ship and feeder ship lines. Simulation was used to evaluate the route parameters. Recommendations on the rational areas of combined transport technologies application on this route are given.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Burkovskis, Raimondas, and Ramūnas Palšaitis. "INTERACTION OF THE KLAIPĖDA SEA PORT AND RAILWAY TRANSPORT." TRANSPORT 17, no. 2 (April 30, 2002): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483480.2002.10414015.

Full text

Abstract:

This article offers the panoramic view to interoperability of sea and railway transport in Lithuania. Serious attention is being given to the cargo tlows forecasts, analysis of geographic, political, legal, economical, technical and other factors influencing the intensity of transit cargo flows and using the existing infrastructure capacities. Improvement and further development of technological and technical base of railways for the development of container transportation is identified. Optimization of tariffs (railway + port) will increase the competitiveness of corridor IX B for Iransit cargo and traffic flows.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

LASHUTINA, V. O. "PERSPECTIVES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONTAINER CARGO TRANSPORTATION INLAND WATERWAYS OF UKRAINE." Economic innovations 21, no. 1(70) (March 20, 2019): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2019.21.1(70).106-112.

Full text

Abstract:

Topicality. The river potential of Ukraine has great prospects in the direction of connecting with Europe at the expense of increasing the transit capacity of the Danube and the Dnieper rivers taking into account the access to the Black Sea. River transport has a number of advantages over land, in particular: ready natural ways; use of water flow; the ability to transport any cargo and passengers simultaneously; safety and environmental friendliness; high bandwidth; high degree of reliability and timeliness of delivery; low cost of transportation, which leads to fuel economy, etc. It should be noted that to date, taking into account the uplift tariffs for transportation by rail and inconvenience of use of motor transport, organization of container service on the Dnieper is the most promising and in demand.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to determine the organizational and economic bases of river container transportation in Ukraine. In accordance with the stated aim, it is necessary to analyze the cargo base of river container transportation in Ukraine; to formulate priorities of development of river navigation of Ukraine; to substantiate the efficiency of using container technology of cargo transportation by inland waterways of Ukraine.Research results. The complex of measures for the development of container cargo transportation by inland waterways of Ukraine was proposed, the analysis of the market of river container transportations in Ukraine in comparison with the countries of the European Union and the USA was carried out, the main problems of development of inland water transport were identified and measures for their further development and operation of inland waterways of Ukraine taking into account the prospect of their integration into the European transport network.Conclusion. Ukraine has significant potential for organizing logistics schemes for cargo transportation involving river transport in several directions. The presence, albeit somewhat obsolete, a powerful infrastructure base, a convenient geographical location and the availability of traffic flows that can potentially be transported by inland waterways, creates the preconditions for the restoration and development of this transport area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Riessen, Bart Van, Rudy R. Negenborn, Rommert Dekker, and Gabriel Lodewijks. "Service network design for an intermodal container network with flexible transit times and the possibility of using subcontracted transport." International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics 7, no. 4 (2015): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijstl.2015.069683.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Teng, Yuan Yuan, Da Shan Dong, and Hui Qing Qiu. "A Study on Using Plasticity Theory in the Design of the Transit Platform’s Panel." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.148.

Full text

Abstract:

Taking the limit intensity as a starting point, a plasticity design theory is introduced in the design of the transit platform’s panel of double trolley quayside container crane for replacing elasticity design theory as a conventional method. As to the impact dynamics issue, the study gives a theoretical derivation based on the energy law as well as a verification of the experiments of the lockpins’ falling , and uses simulations with Ansys/Ls-dyna condition. Combining the above three aspects, the results prove to be correct. Given the limitations and requirements of the practical situation and the standards, a reasonable design is offered. Through full consideration, it provides the value of the experience for future reference design and should be widely extended to use.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Romenskiy, D. Yu, K. I. Shvedin, A. M. Nasybullin, and M. V. Romenskaya. "Criteria for the selection of railway stations for the placement of freight terminals for handling “Cold Express” container trains." VNIIZHT Scientific Journal 80, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2021-80-2-100-107.

Full text

Abstract:

An approach to the selection of locations for compact container sites at railway stations of main railway lines for carrying out freight operations with transit container trains is described on the example of an investment project of the JSC “Russian Railways” for organizing transportation by “Cold Express” trains. To ensure the possibility of organizing the motion of container freight trains with its reception at the station directly to the loading and unloading front, certain conditions listed in the article must be met. The approach is based on the principle of minimizing costs and maintaining the operational parameters of the reconstructed railway stations while implementing the principles of container logistics. It was concluded that the reference railway station for placing on it a container terminal specializing in handling container transport trains (including “Cold Express” trains) should be a station that has a little-used electrified receiving-departure track with a length of at least 1050 m, for which there is the possibility of receiving and departure trains in all directions and near which there is an open freight area with a hard surface with the possibility of approaching trucks. Also, conditions for the unimpeded operation of loading equipment should be ensured, i. e. there should be no obstacles in the form of pedestrian bridges and overhead catenary supports. On the pilot route Vladivostok—Moscow—St. Petersburg, 18 stations were selected, located in large cities or tend towards large cities. The analysis showed that in real conditions there are no stations that fully meet these criteria, from which it was concluded that it was necessary to carry out capital-intensive measures of various volumes associated with the achievement of the necessary parameters of the stations, such as electrification or lengthening of the track, reconstruction of the station necks, arrangement of the site, car entrances, as well as other measures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Tsvetkov, V. A., K. Kh Zoidov, and A. A. Medkov. "Modern Trends in the Innovative Development of Transport Modes as the Backbone of a Transition Economy in the Eurasian Space." Economics and Management 26, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-1-4-15.

Full text

Abstract:

The presented study identifies modern trends in the innovative development of transport modes as the basis for the formation of a transition economy in the Eurasian space.Aim. The study aims to determine directions for the innovative development of transport modes based on the formation of a unified digital transport and logistics environment, and to find the most efficient ways of regulating financial flows from the transit passage of goods.Tasks. The authors develop and implement mechanisms for generating, distributing, and redistributing income from the functioning of a transit economy in the Eurasian territory in the context of automation, robotization, digital transformation, implementation of artificial intelligence, and transition towards paperless and unmanned technology.Methods. This study uses the methods of systems analysis, evolutionary-institutional theory, the theory of engineering and manufacturing balance, and historical approach.Results. The following directions for the automation and digital transformation of rail cargo transport in the Eurasian space are determined: reduction of the time spent on completing procedures at borders and stations; innovative development of the railroad infrastructure in the neighboring countries; automation of transportation, implementation of unmanned technologies; overcoming negative trends in the transportation of perishable items. Directions for the development and production of an innovative rolling stock for cargo transit are identified. Directions for the innovative development of road, sea, and air transport in the Eurasian space are analyzed, including the development of piggyback (raidroad) transport and uberization of the road cargo transport market. It is found that construction and commissioning of ice-class container ships is an innovative direction in the development of sea transport that transports cargo between Asia and Europe. The main direction in the development of air transport involves expanding consolidation and distribution cargo operations when flying over the Eurasian territory.Conclusions. Innovative transit transport systems (ITTS) are developing rapidly, which calls for the development and implementation of a mechanism for generating, distributing, and redistributing income from the transit of goods and passengers. This should be a corporate mechanism, i.e. it should be implemented via public-private partnership. The Eurasian Transit Transport Company could act as such a corporate structure in the Eurasian space. The most efficient way of distributing income from the functioning of a transit economy among the majority of economic agents is to develop the associated and related production of goods and services on a high-tech basis and to form a vast innovative industrial trade-route belt.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Nizio, Katie, and Shari Forbes. "Developing a Method for the Collection and Analysis of Burnt Remains for the Detection and Identification of Ignitable Liquid Residues Using Body Bags, Dynamic Headspace Sampling, and TD-GC×GC-TOFMS." Separations 5, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations5030046.

Full text

Abstract:

In cases of suspected arson, a body may be intentionally burnt to cause loss of life, dispose of remains, or conceal identification. A primary focus of a fire investigation, particularly involving human remains, is to establish the cause of the fire; this often includes the forensic analysis of fire debris for the detection of ignitable liquid residues (ILRs). Commercial containers for the collection of fire debris evidence include metal cans, glass jars, and polymer/nylon bags of limited size. This presents a complication in cases where the fire debris consists of an intact, or partially intact, human cadaver. This study proposed the use of a body bag as an alternative sampling container. A method was developed and tested for the collection and analysis of ILRs from burnt porcine remains contained within a body bag using dynamic headspace sampling (using an Easy-VOC™ hand-held manually operated grab-sampler and stainless steel sorbent tubes containing Tenax TA) followed by thermal desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC×GC-TOFMS). The results demonstrated that a body bag containing remains burnt with gasoline tested positive for the presence of gasoline, while blank body bag controls and a body bag containing remains burnt without gasoline tested negative. The proposed method permits the collection of headspace samples from burnt remains before the remains are removed from the crime scene, limiting the potential for contamination and the loss of volatiles during transit and storage.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Mersin, Kadir. "Review of total emission of transit Shipsin the Dardanelle which including possible CO2 emission of 1915 Canakkale Bridge." Thermal Science 24, Suppl. 1 (2020): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci20391m.

Full text

Abstract:

Canakkale Strait (Dardanelles), is one of two straits that have Turkey with Bosphorus. This strait, which has a length of 38 miles, provides the connection of countries with a coast to the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. 43454 ships pass through the strait annually. According to 2019 data, 45.33% general cargo ship, 21.43% bulk carrier, 21.78% tanker, 6.43% container, 0.65% roro, and 0.61% passenger ship, and 3.77% other type of ship passed. Therefore, by including the Canakkale 1915 bridge which will be completed in 2023, the six most frequent ship types were examined and their emission values were calculated in this study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Mersin, Kadir. "Review of total emission of transit Shipsin the Dardanelle which including possible CO2 emission of 1915 Canakkale Bridge." Thermal Science 24, Suppl. 1 (2020): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci20s1391m.

Full text

Abstract:

Canakkale Strait (Dardanelles), is one of two straits that have Turkey with Bosphorus. This strait, which has a length of 38 miles, provides the connection of countries with a coast to the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. 43454 ships pass through the strait annually. According to 2019 data, 45.33% general cargo ship, 21.43% bulk carrier, 21.78% tanker, 6.43% container, 0.65% roro, and 0.61% passenger ship, and 3.77% other type of ship passed. Therefore, by including the Canakkale 1915 bridge which will be completed in 2023, the six most frequent ship types were examined and their emission values were calculated in this study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Iles, J. K., W. R. Graves, A. S. Aiello, C. L. Haynes, and K. E. Stone. "Midwestern Retail Garden Centers Identify Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction with Supplying Wholesale Nurseries." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 16, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-16.4.243.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A survey was conducted to assess the attitudes of Midwestern retail nursery operators concerning current marketing, promotion, sales, and service practices of their wholesale nursery stock suppliers. Completed questionnaires were received from 290 individuals (42.2% response rate). Respondents indicated quality of plant materials (96.5%), availability of plant materials in desired quantities (67.8%), wide assortment of plant materials (53.5%), and price of nursery stock (40.3%) were very important reasons for conducting business with a wholesale supplier. The majority of respondents said they were ‘very satisfied’ with the condition of bare-root trees and shrubs (75.1%), bedding plants (72.9%), herbaceous perennials and ornamental grasses (72.2%), container-grown trees and shrubs (72.0%), and balled-and-burlapped trees and shrubs (67.4%) shipped by their wholesale supplier. Over one-half (56.5%) also said they were ‘very satisfied’ with aquatic plant shipments. On those occasions when plants arrived in unsatisfactory condition, the most frequently cited problems were, dry bare-root stock (34.4%), physically damaged container-grown stock (56.0%) and balled-and-burlapped stock (40.0%), undersized herbaceous plants (20.3%), and aquatic plants damaged in transit (12.1 %). In general, retailers were most favorably impressed with the respectful and helpful way wholesalers attempted to meet their business needs (57.1%). Retailers were most frustrated with shortages, unauthorized substitutions, and last-minute cancellations (31.9%).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Bernacki, Dariusz, and Christian Lis. "Investigating the Sustainable Impact of Seaport Infrastructure Provision on Maritime Component of Supply Chain." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 13, 2021): 3519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123519.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the research is to identify and quantify the direct economic effects resulting from the improved seaport nautical access and capacity expansion. This case study considers a regional port located in the Baltic sea and relates to port users, i.e., shipping operators and shippers. The effects were identified for maritime transport by comparing transport performance in two scenarios: with-the-investment and without-the-investment. Incremental calculus addresses freights (containers, dry bulk, and cereals) traded to and from the given port, changes in size of vessels, and the shipping route alternatives vis-a-vis adjacent ports in the range. Sustainable impact concerns generalized maritime transport cost, i.e., shipping operating costs and port-to-port transit time, as well as energy consumption and external costs of maritime shipping. To capture effects, daily and unit dry bulk, as well as container shipping cost, values of time, and marginal external costs were revealed in freight sea transport. As investigated, shipping operators and shippers will benefit from the reduction in ships’ operating (including ships’ fuel cost savings) and time cost, while the community will enjoy the reduction in externalities. However, the main economic effect is the reduction in shipping operating cost resulting from the increased vessel size (economies of scale).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Container transit'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles