Journal articles: 'Contamination of mine sites (England)'

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Beaudoin, Georges, and Réginald Auger. "Implications of the mineralogy and chemical composition of lead beads from Frobisher's assay site, Kodlunarn Island, Canada: prelude to Bre-X?" Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e03-097.

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Lead beads recovered from a 16th century archaeological site on Kodlunarn Island in Frobisher Bay are believed to be a by-product of assaying rocks mined from various locations by Martin Frobisher's expeditions in 15771578. The lead beads were melted in crucibles to separate gold from its rock matrix. Microprobe analyses of galena grains in the lead indicate that they contain up to 0.4 wt.% silver but no gold. The chemical composition of the lead beads was determined in situ by electron microprobe and in bulk by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and pyrolysis assay. The lead beads form two chemical composition groups that were recovered from different sites: (Shop 1) Cu-poor, Bi-free, Sb-rich, with 3743 g/t Ag and no detectable gold; (Shop 2) Cu-rich, Bi-rich, Sb-poor, with 7896 g/t Ag and one sample that yielded 0.72 g/t Au. These two groups also have different lead isotope compositions: Shop 1 has low 206Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb compared with Shop 2. These compositions suggest that Shop 1 leads are derived from England, whereas Shop 2 has a composition typical of Cyprus ores and of some deposits in England. The composition of the lead beads indicates that the flux and collector used for the assays on Kodlunarn Island did not introduce a gold-rich contamination. Silver was likely added from the flux or collector used to assay the rocks, a contamination well-known to Renaissance assayers.

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Wan Yaacob, Wan Zuhairi, Nur Syuhadah Mohd Pauzi, and Hazwani Abdul Mutalib. "Acid mine drainage and heavy metals contamination at abandoned and active mine sites in Pahang." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 55 (November 1, 2009): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm55200903.

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Khalil, Abdessamad, Yassine Taha, Mostafa Benzaazoua, and Rachid Hakkou. "Applied Methodological Approach for the Assessment of Soil Contamination by Trace Elements around Abandoned Coal Mines—A Case Study of the Jerada Coal Mine, Morocco." Minerals 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13020181.

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Previously conducted studies have established that soil contamination by trace elements (TEs) around coal mines affects ecological biodiversity and human health. One of the ways to protect the health of the surrounding population of coal mine sites is through the assessment of contamination impacts by accurate procedures for the establishment of relevant reclamation plan. The aim of the study is to develop an applied methodological approach to easily assess and quantify the impact of coal mining on the surrounding soils. To achieve this goal, a set of relevant geochemical indexes (enrichment factor—EF, geochemical background—GB, and geoaccumulation index—Igeo) and a geostatistical interpolation for mapping soil contamination were applied. It is experimentally established that the process of combining these techniques can be of great interest in highlighting the anomalous areas and revealing the contamination sources. A case study has been carried out on of the abandoned coal Jerada mine site in Morocco. Soils and coal mine waste rocks (CMWR) samples were collected from this site. Soil and CMWR samples were analyzed for their geochemical content. CMWRs were characterized further for their mineralogical composition and environmental behavior. Based on the EF, three TEs (As, Pb, and Zn) were targeted. The results of GB and Igeo calculations have established an evident relationship between the CMWR dump and the occurred soil contamination. TEs distribution pattern has been revealed using the obtained geochemical maps. The developed methodological approach may be in high demand when assessing soil contamination in most of abandoned coal mine sites around the word.

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BOUMAZA, Bilal, and Tatyana Vladimirovna CHEKUSHINA. "Assessment of metallic trace elements contamination in a mining area of the processing of Djebel Onk phosphate ore (Algeria)." NEWS of the Ural State Mining University 1 (March 15, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2021-1-7-16.

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Research relevance. Phosphate mining activities are one of the main sources of contamination by heavy metals since they harmfully affect the soil and lead to the degradation of the ecosphere. Research aim. This study aims at characterizing and evaluating the metallic contamination of soils in the vicinity of the Djebel Onk mine in the town of Bir El Ater (Wilaya of Tébessa) in eastern Algeria, and particularly focusing on estimating the spatial variability of this contamination and the extent of the contaminated area. Methodology. The physicochemical characteristic (pH) was determined by pH-meter, whereas AAS was used for the determination of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) in the examined soil Research results. The results reveal that soils that are close to the mine site studied and even those that are far away are heavily contaminated with heavy metals — lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd); the results also point out to a high variability of concentrations not only between sampling sites but also within the same mine site. The analysed soil pollution index is generally high even for soils sampled downstream more than 30 km from the mine site, whereas it is extremely high on the surface of the tailings slopes, underlining the fact that tailings are considered perennial sources of heavy metal contamination in their current state. Conclusion. The unhealthy area affected by metal pollution from mining sites in the Djebel Onk is very large as a result of the dispersion, by wind and water transport, of residual pollutants from the mine wastes abandoned on site. Remediation measures must be put into place to immobilize the pollutants and limit their spread to the environment Keywords: Soil contamination, Algeria, heavy metals, phosphate mine, pollution index.

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Staniszewski, Ryszard, Przemysław Niedzielski, Tadeusz Sobczyński, and Mariusz Sojka. "Trace Elements in Sediments of Rivers Affected by Brown Coal Mining: A Potential Environmental Hazard." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 2828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082828.

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Brown coal remains an important energy source in Europe, including countries such as Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Greece. Open-pit mines disturb the environment in terms of air quality, hydrology, and chemical and biological transformations in rivers receiving mine waters. In the present study, we assessed the impact of mine waters from four brown coal open-pit mines on the contamination of river sediments. Chemical analysis included the quantification of 62 elements, including heavy metals (HMs) and rare earth elements (REEs). The contamination of sediments by HMs was evaluated using the contamination factor (CF), the pollution load index (PLI), and the Nemerow multi-factor index (PI). The potential toxic effects of HMs on aquatic organisms were assessed using the potential ecological risk index (PERI). Detailed analysis of chondrite-standardized concentrations of REEs was performed to describe the effects of mine water on their pattern in sediments. Cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed to divide study sites into groups and to evaluate the combined effect of sediment texture and site location on HMs and REEs in sediments. The study showed that after mine water discharge, there is a decrease in HM and REE concentrations in sediments. The decrease in each element’s concentration in sites located 100 m downstream of the discharge was caused by washing out of the finest fractions of sediments by mine waters.

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Sivarajah, Branaavan, Neal Michelutti, Xiaowa Wang, Christopher Grooms, and John P. Smol. "Limnological Characteristics Reveal Metal Pollution Legacy in Lakes near Canada’s Northernmost Mine, Little Cornwallis Island, Nunavut." ARCTIC 74, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic72515.

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We compared modern limnological characteristics of three lakes near the world’s northernmost base metal (lead-zinc) mine, Polaris Mine, which operated from 1981 to 2002 on Little Cornwallis Island (Nunavut, Canada), to a suite of sites from Resolute Bay (Qausuittuq), Cornwallis Island. Although both study regions are underlain by broadly similar geology and experience nearly identical climatic conditions, present-day water chemistry variables differed markedly between sites on the two islands. Specifically, the lakes near the Polaris Mine recorded substantially higher concentrations of zinc and lead, as well as several other heavy metals (cadmium, molybdenum, nickel, uranium, vanadium), relative to the sites on Cornwallis Island. Although the Polaris Mine closed in 2002, elevated levels of heavy metals in our 2017 survey are likely a legacy of contamination from prior operations.

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Lee, Jin Soo, Hyo Taek Chon, and Myung Chae Jung. "Toxic Risk Assessment and Environmental Contamination of Heavy Metals around Abandoned Metal Mine Sites in Korea." Key Engineering Materials 277-279 (January 2005): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.542.

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In order to investigate the levels of heavy metal contamination and to assess the risk of the adverse health effects on human exposure to toxic heavy metals influenced by past mining activities, environmental geochemical surveys were undertaken around abandoned metal mine sites (Okdong Cu-Pb-Zn, Dokok Au-Ag-Cu and Hwacheon Au-Ag-Pb-Zn mines). High concentrations of heavy metals were found in tailings from the Okdong (72 As mg/kg, 53.6 Cd mg/kg, 910 Cu mg/kg, 1,590 Pb mg/kg, 5,720 Zn mg/kg), the Dokok (254 As mg/kg, 98.2 Cd mg/kg, 2,550 Cu mg/kg, 4,200 Pb mg/kg, 18,020 Zn mg/kg) and the Hwacheon (72 As mg/kg, 12.4 Cd mg/kg, 580 Pb mg/kg, 1,300 Zn mg/kg) mines. Elevated levels of As, Cd, Pb and Zn were also found in agricultural soils from these mine areas. Human risk effects are classified into a cancer effect and a toxic (noncancer) effect. The hazard index representing a toxic risk for As was higher value than 1.0 in the Okdong and the Hwacheon mine sites, as was that for Cd in the Okdong and Dokok mine sites. Therefore, toxic risks for As and Cd exist via exposure (ingestion) to the contaminated soil, groundwater and rice grains in these mine areas. The cancer risk for As by the consumption of groundwater used as drinking water from the Okdong and the Hwacheon mine areas was 7E-4 and 1E-4, respectively. These risk levels exceed the acceptable risk (1 in 100,000) for regulatory purposes.

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Yin, Chun Qin, Qing Bin Sun, and Xue Qiang Zhao. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Paddy Soils from Daye Mining Area of Hubei Province, China." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.434.

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The occurrence and distribution of heavy metals (including copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn)) in paddy soils from the Daye mining area were investigated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) using the flame and graphite furnace method. The pollution of all metals investigated was found in paddy soil samples from the Daye mining area. Additionally, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations at the sampling sites near the quarries and mines located in the central and eastern part of Daye were higher than those at the other sampling sites. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) of the heavy metal concentrations showed that the mine might be an important contributor to heavy metals contamination. PCA analysis extracted two factors that explained 67% of the total variables. The source of Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb would be primarily the deposition of aerosol particles emitted by metal smelting, manufacturing and traffic, acid mine drainage and metal mine waste rock and long-term stockpiling of tailings. Ni and Cr were controlled by parent material in the soils. Evaluation of heavy metals contamination of paddy soils indicated that the Cd contamination was the most widespread, followed Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb.

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Lee, Younji, Minseok Park, and Seunghun Hyun. "Leaching Behavior of Metallic Elements from Abandoned Mine Sites in Varying Environmental Factors." Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources 30 (December 31, 2022): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.87.

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Improper management of abandoned mine sites can cause heavy metal contamination of down-gradient agricultural soil, groundwater, and surface water. In this study, we investigated the effects of changes in environmental factors on the leaching behavior of the heavy metals and suggested future research direction for better risk management of the abandoned mine sites under climate change. Numerous studies showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the leachate frequently exceed the environmental criteria even though the leachable heavy metal was negligible (< 1 % of the total concentration), which indicates that mine soils can be long-term resources of contamination. From the result of batch and column experiments, it has been found that soil properties (e.g., soil pH, redox potential, etc.) affect the leaching behavior by solubility change, complex formation, precipitation, etc. Two-site kinetic leaching models were mainly applied for understanding nonequilibrium leaching behavior of the metals due to heterogeneous physical structure and various binding sites of the soil. Meanwhile, it was also reported that the change in hydrodynamic properties due to rainfall pattern can influence leaching behavior by changing the interfacial interaction between soil and water. Several researchers recognized that extreme weather condition (high temperature and increased drought period) due to climate change can elevate initial leaching concentration of the heavy metal. In reality, climate change can cause the nonequilibrium leaching of the metals by influencing hydrodynamic condition and chemical stability of the soil system. Therefore, future works to precisely predict the heavy metal leaching behavior across abandoned mine sites are necessary and risk management of these sites in response to climate change should be designed.

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Karaca, Oznur, Claudio Cameselle, and Krishna R. Reddy. "Mine tailing disposal sites: contamination problems, remedial options and phytocaps for sustainable remediation." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 17, no. 1 (November 18, 2017): 205–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-017-9453-y.

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Cao, Xiu Feng, and Li Ping Liu. "Using Microorganisms to Facilitate Phytoremediation in Mine Tailings with Multi Heavy Metals." Advanced Materials Research 1094 (March 2015): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1094.437.

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During mining activities, a large amount of wastes in the form of mine tailings were discharged, leading to a global problem in soil and water contamination. Phytoremediation was considered to be a potential method for remediation of mine wastes as vegetation can promote remediation for sustainable development of mine waste sites. Recently, studies were conducted to utilize microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting bacteria, or filamentous fungi to facilitate phytoremediation by increasing the plant biomass production, bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs), enhancing the plant uptake of HMs or reduce toxicity of HMs to plants. Some species of microorganisms can be beneficial to phytoremediation in the mine tailings contaminated with HMs.

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Abdelaal, Ahmed. "Preliminary Contamination Risk Assessment of Mining Waste Using Spatial Analysis and Geochemical Characterization of Rock Formations. Case Study in Hungary." Journal of Environmental Geography 7, no. 3-4 (November 1, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2014-0007.

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Abstract The Mine Waste Directive (2006/21/EC) requires the risk-based inventory of all mine waste sites in Europe. The geochemical documentation concerning inert classification and ranking of the mine wastes requires specific field study and laboratory testing and analyses of waste material to assess the Acid Mine Drainage potential and toxic element mobility. The procedure applied in this study used a multi-level decision support scheme for the inert classification of waste rock material including: 1) expert judgment, 2) data review, 3) representative field sampling and laboratory analysis and testing of rock formations listed in the National Inert Mining Waste List, and 4) requesting available laboratory analysis data from selected operating mines. Based on a preliminary expert judgment, the listed formations were classified into three categories. A: inert B: probably inert, but has to be checked, C: probably not inert, has to be examined. This paper discusses the heavy metal contamination risk assessment (RA) in the Hungarian quarrymine waste sites. In total 30 waste sites (including both abandoned mines and active quarries) were selected for scientific testing using the EU Pre-selection Protocol. Altogether 93 field samples were collected from the waste sites including andesite, rhyolite, coal (lignite and black coals), peat, alginite, bauxite, clay and limestone. Laboratory analyses of the total toxic element content (aqua regia extraction), the mobile toxic element content (deionized water leaching) carried out according to the Hungarian GKM Decree No. 14/2008. (IV.3) concerning mining waste management. A detailed geochemical study together with spatial analysis and GIS were performed to derive a geochemically sound contamination RA of the mine waste sites. Key parameters such as heavy metals, in addition to the landscape metric parameter such as the distance to the nearest surface and ground water bodies, or to sensitive receptors such as settlements and protected areas calculated and statistically evaluated in order to calibrate the RA methods. Results show that some of the waste rock materials, assumed to be inert, were found non-inert. Thus, regional RA needs more spatial and petrological examination with special care to rock and mineral deposit genetics.

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CHEESBROUGH, J. S., J. GREEN, C. I. GALLIMORE, P. A. WRIGHT, and D. W. G. BROWN. "Widespread environmental contamination with Norwalk-like viruses (NLV) detected in a prolonged hotel outbreak of gastroenteritis." Epidemiology and Infection 125, no. 1 (August 2000): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026889900432x.

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A protracted outbreak of Norwalk-like virus (NLV)-associated gastroenteritis occurred in a large hotel in North-West England between January and May 1996. We investigated the pattern of environmental contamination with NLV in the hotel during and after the outbreak. In the ninth week, 144 environmental swabs taken from around the hotel were tested for NLV by nested RT–PCR. The sites were categorized according to the likelihood of direct contamination with vomit/faeces. The highest proportion of positive samples were detected in directly contaminated carpets, but amplicons were detected in sites above 1·5 m which are unlikely to have been contaminated directly. The trend in positivity of different sites paralleled the diminishing likelihood of direct contamination. A second environmental investigation of the same sites 5 months after the outbreak had finished were all negative by RT–PCR. This study demonstrates for the first time the extent of environmental contamination that may occur during a large NLV outbreak.

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Norris, RH. "Mine waste pollution of the Molonglo River, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory: Effectiveness of remedial works at Captains flat mining area." Marine and Freshwater Research 37, no. 2 (1986): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9860147.

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Seeps and previously deposited particulate material from mine workings at Captains Flat are still major sources of metal contamination in the Molonglo River. The impact of metal contamination as it entered the river is shown by the lower variety and numbers of animal taxa collected at downstream sites compared with upstream areas. Comparison with studies conducted before the remedial works shows that there has been little or no discernible change to the chemical or biological condition of the river during periods of low flow.

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Mokgalaka, Ntebogeng S., Sello P. Lepule, Thierry Regnier, and Sandra Combrinck. "Near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics for rapid profiling of plant secondary metabolites." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 12 (December 1, 2013): 2197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-13-02-09.

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In this study, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, in combination with chemometrics, was used as a rapid tool for determining if exposure to contamination from mine tailings influences the matrices of the specimens, compared to those from natural populations. Principal component analysis (PCA) plots were made from the chemometric models obtained to establish if season of harvest, geographical origin, and level of soil contamination play a determining role in the chemical profiles of the individual specimens harvested from mine sites or natural populations. The random distribution on PCA score plots corroborated the intraspecies variation of Lippia scaberrima previously observed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) essential oil profiles. Clustering according to the season and origin of the individual plants confirmed that the geographic location and the season of harvest influence the chemical profiles of L. scaberrima. The NIR data could not be correlated with the level of soil contamination to which the specimens were exposed. The PCA scores and loadings plots obtained from NIR data of Searsia pendulina suggest that the species is tolerant to pollution from mine tailings. Although separation was obtained in a three-component PCA model between specimens sampled during different seasons, some clustering was observed by specimens from the same geographical origin.

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Li, M. S., and S. X. Yang. "Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils and Phytoaccumulation in a Manganese Mine Wasteland, South China." Air, Soil and Water Research 1 (January 2008): ASWR.S2041. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/aswr.s2041.

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Heavy metal contamination of minesoils is a widespread problem in China. In Pingle manganese mineland in Guangxi (south China), heavy metal concentrations in soils and dominant plants were determined, and soil contamination was assessed with pollution index (Pi) and index of geoaccumulation (I-geo). Pi showed the minesoil was heavily polluted by Cd and slightly polluted by Cr. I-geo showed a severer pollution for all metals (except for Mn) than Pi because I-geo tended to overestimate the real pollution effect of minesoil. Fresh tailings dam had both the highest Pi and I-geo among the four sites indicating a high metal contamination. All the “bio-available” fractions of the studied metals were below 5% of the totals. Dominant plants tended to accumulate higher Cd and Cr, and showed higher Mn translocation to aboveground parts. Besides the agricultural reclamation, more diverse restoration goals with lower environmental risks should be considered for the Mn mine wastelands in South China.

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Metsaranta, Juha, Suzanne Beauchemin, Sean Langley, Bryan Tisch, and Phyllis Dale. "Assessing the Long-Term Ecosystem Productivity Benefits and Potential Impacts of Forests Re-Established on a Mine Tailings Site." Forests 9, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110707.

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Restoring sites disturbed by industrial activity to a forested condition can ensure the continued provision of economic and ecosystem services from these areas. Impounded mine tailings are particularly challenging sites, and positive benefits of establishing trees must be balanced against risks associated with metal contamination, ongoing tailings stability, and the possibility of acid mine drainage. We used a hybrid biometric modelling approach based on dendrochronological reconstruction to retrospectively (1980–2015) quantify productivity and carbon dynamics of pine plantations growing on impounded mine tailings at the Vale waste management facility near Sudbury, Canada. Historical reclamation practices had remediated conditions sufficiently to allow conifer plantation establishment in the late 1970s. The revegetated sites were highly productive, when compared to reference conditions based on site index, wood volume growth, and ecosystem production, congruent with other studies showing that forests on revegetated post mining sites can be highly productive. However, metal concentrations in the forest floor were high, and further research is warranted to evaluate ecosystem impacts. Due to the requirement for energy-intensive inputs, we estimated that it took 12 years or more to recover the emissions associated with the revegetation process through C accumulated in biomass and soil at the revegetated sites.

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Bai, Jing, Wen Zhang, Weiyin Liu, Guohong Xiang, Yu Zheng, Xin Zhang, Zeliang Yang, Svetlana Sushkova, Tatiana Minkina, and Renyan Duan. "Implications of Soil Potentially Toxic Elements Contamination, Distribution and Health Risk at Hunan’s Xikuangshan Mine." Processes 9, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091532.

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A field survey was conducted to determine the pollution grade, sources, potential ecological risk, and health risk of soil potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Xikuangshan Mine (XKS), the largest antimony (Sb) deposit in the world. A total of 106 topsoil samples were collected from 6 sites in XKS to measure the concentrations of PTEs Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Hg, and Sb. The results show that the average concentrations of these elements at all six sites were generally greater than their corresponding background values in Hunan province, especially Sb, Hg, and As. Correlation and principal component analyses suggested that Cd, Zn, Pb, Hg, and Sb were primarily released from mining and other industrial and human activities, while Cr and As were mainly impacted by the parent material from pedogenesis. A risk index analysis showed that, overall, sites were at very high ecological risk, and Sb is the highest ecological risk factor, followed by Cd and Hg. According to health risk assessment, oral ingestion is the main non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk exposure route. The higher potentially non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks happen to the local children who live in the vicinity of mining area. It revealed that the mining and smelting processes of XKS have negatively influenced the local people, therefore, we should pay increasing attention to this practical issue and take effective measures to protect the ecology of XKS.

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Khalid Farooq, Akbar, Hale Wiliam HG, and Athar Alistair D Headley and Mohammad. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Roadside Soils of Northern England." Soil and Water Research 1, No. 4 (January 7, 2013): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6517-swr.

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Environmental pollution of heavy metals from automobiles has attained much attention in the recent past. The present research was conducted to study heavy metal contamination in roadside soils of northern England. Roadside soil samples were collected from 35 sites in some counties of northern England and analysed for four heavy metals (cadmium, copper, lead, zinc). Their concentrations and distributions in different road verge zones (border, verge, slope, ditch) were determined. Lead concentration was the highest in the soil and ranged from 25.0 to 1198.0 μg/g (mean, 232.7 μg/g). Zinc concentration ranged from 56.7 to 480.0 μg/g (mean, 174.6 μg/g) and copper concentration ranged from 15.5 to 240.0 μg/g (mean, 87.3 μg/g). Cadmium concentration was the lowest in the soil and varied from 0.3 to 3.8 μg/g (mean, 1.4 μg/g). Though the levels of heavy metals in roadside soils were higher as compared to their natural background levels in British soils, their concentrations in general, however, were below the ‘critical trigger concentrations’ for the contaminated soils. All the four heavy metals exhibited a significant decrease in the roadside soils with the increasing distance from the road. The border zone had the highest mean concentration of the four metals whereas the ditch zone exhibited the lowest mean concentration.

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Singh, Sanjay. "Forestry Research in Mine Reclamation in India: Past, Present and Future." Indian Journal of Forestry 43, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2021-82p483.

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Minerals greatly influence the economic growth of any country. However, extensive mining can adversely affect the natural environment in the form of loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, contamination of surface and ground water. Therefore, restoration and reclamation of mined sites become priority areas of intervention. This review paper deals with history, current status and priorities of forestry research in the area of mine reclamation in India. The foresters need to align their activities in line with the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration during 2021-2030.

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Kostarelos, Konstantinos, Ifigenia Gavriel, Marinos Stylianou, Andreas M. Zissimos, Eleni Morisseau, and Dimitris Dermatas. "Legacy Soil Contamination at Abandoned Mine Sites: Making a Case for Guidance on Soil Protection." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 94, no. 3 (January 20, 2015): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-015-1461-4.

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Olobatoke, R. Y., and M. Mathuthu. "Heavy metal concentration in soil in the tailing dam vicinity of an old gold mine in Johannesburg, South Africa." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 96, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2015-0081.

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Soil contamination with heavy metals is a serious concern to food production and human health. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of tailings from an old mining site on heavy metal contamination of soil. Using a GPS to map out different sites around the tailing dam, soil samples were taken from under grassland at the different sites, at depths of 15 cm and 1 m, using a shovel and handheld auger. The samples were prepared, acid digested, and analyzed for a multi-element suite by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Results showed heavy metal concentration in the order of Cr > Zn > As > Mn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Sr > Hg. Most of the soil samples contained high concentration of As (13.46–234.6 mg kg−1). Soil concentrations of As, Hg, Cr, and Mn also decreased with distance from the dump material. Single contamination index of each pollutant, calculated according to the South African Soil Quality Standards revealed very high and medium pollution grades for As (index = 7.39) and Cr (index = 2.16), respectively. Arsenic is a metal associated with gold ore and soil pollution by such metals can make it infertile and unsuitable for plants.

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NEINA, Dora, Eric Van Ranst, and Ann Verdoodt. "Chemical and mineralogical properties of post-mining sites in two gold mining concessions in Ghana." Ghana Journal of Science, Technology and Development 6, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47881/123.967x.

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Mining companies adopt different post-mining management practices to rehabilitate mined sites to enhance environmental management and sustainability. The study assessed the chemical and mineralogical properties of some post-mining land management options from two gold mines in the Western Region of Ghana. Samples of waste rock (WR), mine tailings (MTs), mine soils and un-mined soils were analysed for soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (Ntotal), concentrations of some heavy metals (HMs) and mineralogy by ICP-AES and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results revealed pH values of 4.2-4.6 in un-mined soils and 4.6-5.4 in mine soils. The MTs and WR were alkaline due to CaCO3 (4.8-5.8 g kg-1). Virtually all the samples contained kaolinite, muscovite and quartz. The MTs contained ankerite, bobierrite, clinoclase and greenalite, which were not present in the WR. These minerals were most probably neo-formed out of the chemical constituents of the tailings and contamination during the disposal. Mine soils from three-year-old reclaimed mine site planted with oil palm had substantial SOC and Ntotal contents among all the post-mining sites which also reflected slightly on the CEC status. This showed the influence of soil management practices such as mulching, cover cropping with Pueraria phaseoloides, erosion control and fertiliser application. The HMs contents in the mine tailings occurred in the order of Pb > As > Cd and revealed relatively higher contents in the abandoned MTs compared to reclaimed ones but they were all in the range of those in uncontaminated soils elsewhere.

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Shamsoddini, A., S. Raval, and R. Taplin. "Spectroscopic analysis of soil metal contamination around a derelict mine site in the Blue Mountains, Australia." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-7 (September 19, 2014): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-7-75-2014.

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Abandoned mine sites pose the potential threat of the heavy metal pollution spread through streams and via runoff leading to contamination of soil and water in their surrounding areas. Regular monitoring of these areas is critical to minimise impacts on water resources, flora and fauna. Conventional ground based monitoring is expensive and sometimes impractical; spectroscopic methods have been emerged as a reliable alternative for this purpose. In this study, the capabilities of the spectroscopy method were examined for modelling soil contamination from around the abandoned silver-zinc mine located at Yerranderie, NSW Australia. The diagnostic characteristics of the original reflectance data were compared with models derived from first and second derivatives of the reflectance data. The results indicate that the models derived from the first derivative of the reflectance data estimate heavy metals significantly more accurately than model derived from the original reflectance. It was also found in this study that there is no need to use second derivative for modelling heavy metal soil contamination. Finally, the results indicate that estimates were of greater accuracy for arsenic and lead compared to other heavy metals, while the estimation for silver was found to be the most erroneous.

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Samaniego, Jessie, Cris Reven Gibaga, Alexandria Tanciongco, and Rasty Rastrullo. "Total Mercury in Soils and Sediments in the Vicinity of Abandoned Mercury Mine Area in Puerto Princesa City, Philippines." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (July 2, 2020): 4599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134599.

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The abandoned mercury (Hg) mine area in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan was included in the list of abandoned and inactive mines in the Philippines which pose a high risk to human health and the environment, and require rehabilitation. The mine site, operated by Palawan Quicksilver Mines, Inc. (PQMI) from 1953 to 1976, is located approximately 3 km inland from Honda Bay coast and within the catchment of the Tagburos River, which is a local fishery and recreational area. In this study, total Hg levels in soils and sediments were measured to assess the possible release of Hg from the site into the surrounding natural environment. Results showed that total Hg (THg) concentrations found in soils (0.04–67.5 mg kg−1), mine waste calcines (52.7–924.2 mg kg−1), river sediments (1.8–119 mg kg−1), and marine sediments (0.04–12.7 mg kg−1) were elevated compared to the global background of 0.045–0.16 mg kg−1. The high concentrations of Hg in soils and river sediments were influenced by the different pathways for the release of Hg from its mine operations; while Hg in marine sediments was caused by the erosion of mine waste calcines near the pit lake, and calcines used to construct a wharf at the nearby Honda Bay. Mine wastes represent the largest source of Hg contamination in the area, due to the low efficiency of the recovery process during calcination. This work corresponds with the Minamata Convention on Mercury on the updated environmental assessments of abandoned Hg mines as potential source sites of mercury contamination.

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Kivinen, Sonja, Kaarina Vartiainen, and Timo Kumpula. "People and Post-Mining Environments: PPGIS Mapping of Landscape Values, Knowledge Needs, and Future Perspectives in Northern Finland." Land 7, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7040151.

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Mining can have a notable environmental and social footprint both during the production phase and after the mine closure. We examined local stakeholders’ viewpoints on two post-mining areas in northern Finland, Hannukainen and Rautuvaara, using a public participation geographic information system (PPGIS) approach. Spatially explicit data on local residents’ and visitors’ values, knowledge needs, and future perspectives on mining landscapes were collected with an online map-based survey tool (Harava). The results show that post-mining sites were generally considered unpleasant places. A majority of respondents were of the opinion that areas would need better reclamation and landscaping measures. The landscape surrounding the post-mining sites contained a wide diversity of pleasant places with high nature and recreational value. Respondents addressed various environmental concerns related to the impacts of former mining activities on the quality of ground water and surface water, potential soil contamination, and the safety of natural products. Opinions on the planned mine reopening were strongly divided among the respondents. One of the key questions was whether a large open-pit mine and nature-based tourism can coexist in the same region. Our results highlight that “the shadow of the mine”—observed environmental impacts, uncertainties related to the spatial extent, duration, and magnitude of impacts, and knowledge gaps—can affect local stakeholders’ land use far outside the mining sites and long after the mine closure. Identifying and mapping stakeholder values, opinions, and knowledge needs could significantly improve post-mining land use planning and mitigate the loss of multifunctional landscapes.

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Callier, Myriam D., Robert L. Fletcher, Clifford H. Thorp, and Denis Fichet. "Macrofaunal community responses to marina-related pollution on the south coast of England and west coast of France." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 89, no. 1 (February 2009): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540800235x.

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This study evaluates the influence of man-made activities on the benthic environment at two different marinas: Southsea Marina on the south coast of England, and Minimes Marina on the Atlantic coast of France. We assessed the differences in: (1) sediment percentage organic matter, particle size and heavy metal concentration, using copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) as contamination indicators; (2) sediment elutriate toxicity (LC50) using algal (Fucus serratus) bioassay; and (3) benthic community characteristics (number of species, abundance, most contributing species (SIMPER) and biotic index (AMBI)). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to relate the abundance of species to the environmental variables. At both marinas, we observed an increasing gradient of contamination from outside to the innermost sites. At both marinas, the lowest macrofaunal abundance was recorded at the innermost sites and differences in benthic community structure were observed between sites. At Southsea Marina, the cirratulids Tharyx marioni and T. killariensis and the cossurid Cossura pygodactylata dominated sites outside, while the opportunistic species Capitellides girardi dominated the innermost sites. At Minimes Marina, the cirratulid Streblospio shrubsolii was abundant outside and at the middle sites but was almost absent at the innermost sites. The biotic index—AMBI—indicated that sediments in the innermost sites were heavily disturbed at Southsea Marina and slightly to moderately disturbed at Minimes Marina. In Southsea, the AMBI was positively correlated to the sediment metal concentrations (Cu, Zn and Cd) and elutriate toxicity (LC50), while in Minimes the AMBI was positively correlated to the % of sediment fine particle and elutriate toxicity (LC50).

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Park, Chang Koo, Jeong Wook Kim, Myung Chae Jung, Hyun Sung Park, Dong Kwan Kim, and Youn Soo Oh. "Current Occurrence and Heavy Metal Contamination Assessment of Seepage from Mine Waste Dumping Sites in Korea." Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers 55, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32390/ksmer.2018.55.6.588.

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Freemantle, Guy G., Deshenthree Chetty, Mapadi Olifant, and Stanley Masikhwa. "Assessment of asbestos contamination in soils at rehabilitated and abandoned mine sites, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Journal of Hazardous Materials 429 (May 2022): 127588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127588.

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Rachman, Ranno Marlany, Edward Ngii, and Abdul Rahim Sya’ban. "Investigation of the spread of mercury in the land around the waste storage ponds in the Kulon Progo traditional gold mine." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 8, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 2911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2021.084.2911.

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This study was conducted to determine mercury contamination contained in soils in Kalirejo sub-district, Kulon Progo, Indonesia. This contamination occurred as a result of traditional gold mining activities that used the amalgamation method of mercury. Soil samples were collected from 6 sites; one site was located in an uncontaminated location, and 5 sites in contaminated soil were taken from 10 meters distance from the tailing ponds. Samples were collected from each site at 30, 60, and 90 cm depths. Mercury concentrations in each sample were measured according to the US EPA method, using Mercury analyzer type VM-3000. Mercury concentrations in uncontaminated area at 30, 60, 90 depths were 0.19 mg/kg, 0.02 mg/kg, and <0.0001 mg/kg respectively. These values did not exceed the quality standard according to Government Regulation No 101 The Year 2014 concerning Hazardous Waste Management of 0.3 mg/kg. Meanwhile, mercury concentrations around the tailing ponds were 0.30 to 22.51 mg/kg, which exceeded the quality standard.

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Young, Kieran P., Brad R. Murray, Leigh J. Martin, and Megan L. Murray. "Lost but Not Forgotten: Identifying Unmapped and Unlisted Environmental Hazards including Abandoned Mines." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (October 4, 2021): 11011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131911011.

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Environmental databases play an essential role in the management of land and communities, including mapping and monitoring environmental hazards over time (i.e., abandoned mines). Over the last century, mines have closed for many reasons, but there has been no comprehensive database of the locations of closed and abandoned mine sites kept for many regions of the world. As such, the locations of many mines have been lost from public knowledge, with no way for managers to assess the risks of land and water contamination, as well as subsidence. To address this knowledge gap, we present an integrated framework for identifying abandoned mine sites using a combination of satellite imagery, historical records, geographic evidence, and local knowledge. We tested this framework within the Newcastle, Illawarra, and Lithgow regions of NSW, Australia. We identified 61 abandoned coal mines which are currently unaccounted for in mine registries, with 56% of all mines in the Newcastle region being unmarked (N = 32), 36% in the Illawarra region (N = 22), and 20% in the Lithgow region (N = 7). These findings demonstrate that our framework has promising utility in identifying historic and unmarked environmental hazards in both national and international contexts.

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Semenova, Olga N., Tatyana V. Ryabova, Olga M. Hudyakova, and Svetlana V. Smirnova. "Assessment of contamination by rocket fuel components of remedied sites of silo launchers." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 61, no. 9 (October 20, 2021): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-9-567-571.

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Introduction. The use of highly toxic and highly hazardous components of liquid rocket fuel in silo-based intercontinental ballistic missiles makes it necessary to assure the health and epidemiological well-being of the population and environmental safety when eliminating silo launchers. The study aims to assess the chemical safety of the sites of silo launchers after their elimination by detonation and remediation of disturbed lands. Materials and methods. Samples of soil, water, vegetation were taken at 20 remedied sites of the former silo launchers of "single start" located in the Chelyabinsk region and the Altai Territory. These samples were analyzed in an accredited laboratory for the content of unsymmetrical dimethyl-hydrazine and its degradation products using certified photometric methods. Results. At the time of the survey in 2019, in 19 of 20 sites of former silo launchers, facts of unauthorized intrusion to the remedied sites were established in order to recover a scrap of non-ferrous and ferrous metals, building materials up to the depth of the location of the destroyed shafts of mine structures. In soil samples from 3 sites of silo launchers located in the Chelyabinsk region, asymmetric dimethyl-hydrazine was found in concentrations exceeding the MPC by 1.02 - 1.6 times. In water samples from open and water-flooded shafts of silo launchers, degradation products of unsymmetrical dimethyl-hydrazine were absent. Contamination of herbaceous and coniferous vegetation with asymmetric dimethyl-hydrazine at the surveyed sites has not been established. Conclusion. Soil contamination with asymmetric dimethyl-hydrazine at three remedied sites of 20 surveyed ones may be the result of their unauthorized opening. After the intrusion, the orphan sites of the silo launchers become objects of increased chemical hazard and environmental risk. Such things require carrying out nature restoration work, strengthening supervision over their technical, health and ecological condition.

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Fan, Sheng, Shan Ming Fu, and Wen Ji Su. "The Application of Fuzzy Mathematics in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils Evaluation and Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.145.

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The passage set the soils along the river of Dabaoshan mine of Shaoguan city as the research object for heavy metal contamination by means of field investigation and test analysis.Five representative areas were selected,such as liang-qiao village,shui-louxia village,shi-zhuxia village,shang-ba village and xiaba village from upriver to downriver .The concentration of heavy metals including Cd Cr Pb Cu Ni and Zn were evaluated.The methods of establishing fuzzy mathematical models were employed to evaluate the heavy metal element contamination of superficial sediment. Using this method,the extent of pollution increased as follows , liangqiao>shuilouxia>shangba village,the soil quality in these sites were both over the Grade III. And xiaba village>shizhuxia,the soil quality were Grade II.

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Maqsoud, Abdelkabir, Mamert Mbonimpa, Mostafa Benzaazoua, and Sophie Turcotte. "Evaluation of the Performances of a Monolayer Cover with an Elevated Water Table Used for the Reclamation of the Abandoned Aldermac Mine Site (Québec, Canada)." Mining 2, no. 1 (February 3, 2022): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mining2010005.

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Until 2008, the Aldermac mine was considered one of the most problematic abandoned mines sites in Québec due to the high production of acid mine drainage caused by mine tailings spread over a large area. The site was reclaimed between 2008 and 2009 to reduce the ecological footprint and to minimize any further tailings oxidation (production of acid mine drainage). For this purpose, a monolayer cover with an elevated water table was used as an oxygen barrier on the north zone of the site. To assess the performance of the monolayer with an elevated water table cover, a network of observation wells was set up to monitor the water table level and collect groundwater samples for the analysis of physical and chemical parameters. Results of water table level measurements show that the cover successfully maintains the tailings within the water table at all times, thus preventing further tailings oxidation. Hydrogeochemical results, interpreted with principal component analysis, show that the quality of water is improving, thus indicating that reclamation is helping to reduce groundwater contamination at the site.

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Ochelebe, I., E. A. Kudamnya, and G. E. Nkebem. "An assessment of heavy metals concentration in water around quarries and barite mine sites in part of central Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria." Global Journal of Geological Sciences 18 (November 3, 2020): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjgs.v18i1.8.

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The assessment of the level of heavy metal concentrations in water sources around quarries and barite mine sites in central Cross River State, Southeastern Nigeria, was carried out to evaluate the degree of contamination due to mining and quarrying activity in the area. The investigation involved the collection of twelve water samples from ponds, streams, river and boreholes around the area. The water samples were passed through 0.45 µm filter paper and preserved with a drop of 0.1M HNO3 acid. The preserved samples were analyzed for their heavy metal (Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) content, using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results show that the average concentration of Ba, Cu, MN, Pb and Zn were above WHO guideline value for drinking water quality, hence not suitable for drinking. The average concentration of the metals is in the order Ba>Mn>Cu>Fe>Pb>Zn>Cr. Computed values of contamination index show that the samples from four locations were contaminated. Single factor pollution index computation indicates that the waters are not contaminated with Cr, but slightly polluted with Fe and Zn, moderately polluted with Ba and severely polluted with Cu, Mn and Pb. Further, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index indicates that samples from four locations were severely contaminated. The study revealed that the water sources around the barite mines had elevated level of heavy metal concentration compared to location around the quarries. It is recommended therefore, that the water be treated before use for drinking purpose. Keywords: heavy metals, contamination index, pollution index, barite mine, quarry

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Singh, R. N., S. M. Reed, and D. B. Hughes. "Research into the stability of restored opencast coal mine sites in the north east of England." International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment 1, no. 4 (January 1987): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09208118708944128.

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Giavarini, V. J. "Lichens of the Dartmoor Rocks." Lichenologist 22, no. 4 (October 1990): 367–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282990000421.

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AbstractA description of the lichen communities associated with natural rock outcrops and derelict mine workings in the upland region of Dartmoor, south-west England, is presented. An examination of 34 study sites revealed 270 taxa, of which 28 are reported as new to Devon including several national rarities. Notes on 29 tors have been prepared and reasons for the predominance or decline of particular communities or species are discussed.

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Brandt, Madison, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, Jackson Webster, and Carrie Monohan. "Biochar as a Soil Amendment: Reduction in Mercury Transport from Hydraulic Mine Debris." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 6468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206468.

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Mercury mining and its use in gold mine operations left a legacy of contamination in northern California. Contaminated sediments and water continue to affect local and downstream ecosystems. To assess the efficacy of biochar-amended soils on decreasing Hg transport, biochar was used to amend rock and sediment columns and mesocosms to decrease suspended sediment and associated mercury (Hg) in storm water runoff from Sierra Nevada hydraulic mines. Mercury-contaminated storm water runoff and hydraulic mine debris were collected from two hydraulic mine sites in the Yuba River, California watershed. Mercury concentrations and turbidity were analyzed from storm water samples and hydraulic mine debris in three simulated storm runoff experiments using decomposed granite columns, sediment columns, and sediment mesocosms amended at 0%, 2%, or 5% biochar by weight. Columns containing hydraulic mine debris and mixed with 5% biochar had a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in filter-passed mercury (FHg) in the outflow as compared to control columns. To simulate saturated hydraulic mine debris runoff, mesocosms were filled with mine sediment and saturated with deionized water to generate runoff. Five percent biochar in mesocosm trays decreased FHg significantly (p < 0.001), but, because of the angle of the tray, sediment also moved out of the trays. Biochar was effective at reducing FHg from hydraulic mine discharge. Biochar in laboratory columns with decomposed granite or mine sediments was more effective at removing Hg than mesocosms.

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Ghazaryan, K. A., H. S. Movsesyan, G. A. Gevorgyan, H. E. Khachatryan, S. V. Antonyan, and R. E. Avetisyan. "ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF SOIL POLLUTION BY SOME TRACE ELEMENTS AROUND OPEN MINE AND TAILING DUMP OF AKHTALA MINING AND PROCESSING ENTERPRISE." Proceedings of the YSU B: Chemical and Biological Sciences 52, no. 3 (247) (November 20, 2018): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/pysu:b/2018.52.3.198.

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The aim of the present study was the assessment of soil pollution by some potentially toxic trace elements in the environs of Akhtala Mining and Processing Enterprise and related environmental risks. The study was implemented in 2018. The level of soil contamination with trace elements was assessed by Enrichment factor, which is widely used as a contamination index. The study revealed that the soils, almost in all studied sites, were polluted by Cu, Pb, Zn, Co and Ni. From all trace elements studied the highest contents compared with background were observed for copper. Such situation is conditioned by anthropogenic factor, in particular, by mining activities since copper is the main metal extracted in Akhtala Mining and Processing Enterprise.

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Jordan, Abigail, Rachel Hill, Adrienne Turner, Tyrone Roberts, and Sean Comber. "Assessing Options for Remediation of Contaminated Mine Site Drainage Entering the River Teign, Southwest England." Minerals 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10080721.

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The river Teign in Devon has come under scrutiny for failing to meet environmental quality standards for ecotoxic metals due to past mining operations. A disused mine known as Bridford Barytes mine, has been found to contribute a significant source of Zn, Cd and Pb to the river. Recently, studies have been focused on the remediation of such mine sites using low-cost treatment methods to help reduce metal loads to the river downstream. This paper explores the metal removal efficiency of red mud, a waste product from the aluminium industry, which has proven to be an attractive low-cost treatment method for adsorbing toxic metals. Adsorption kinetics and capacity experiments reveal metal removal efficiencies of up to 70% within the first 2 h when red mud is applied in pelletized form. Further, it highlights the potential of biochar, another effective adsorbent observed to remove >90% Zn using agricultural feedstock. Compliance of the Teign has been investigated by analysing dissolved metal concentrations and bioavailable fractions of Zn to assess if levels are of environmental concern. By applying a real-world application model, this study reveals that compressed pellets and agricultural biochar offer an effective, low-cost option to reducing metal concentrations and thus improving the quality of the river Teign.

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Pereira, EG, I. Moura, JR Costa, JD Mahony, and RV Thomann. "The S. Domingos Mine: A study of heavy metal contamination in the water column and sediments of the Chanca River Basin by discharge from an ancient cupriferous pyrite mine (Portugal)." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 1 (1995): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950145.

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The water column and the sediment in the S. Domingos Mine area and the associated drainage stream are heavily contaminated by heavy metals. The Chanca Reservoir, into which this stream flows, shows a localized area where the sediment is contaminated by heavy metals, but in general the water column does not show any contamination. Both water column and sediment quality were analysed, including determination of total heavy metal concentration as well as acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metal (SEM). The ratio between SEM and AVS is less then 1 for almost all sampling sites, showing that the Chanca Reservoir appears to be protected in most areas with respect to both sediment and water column toxity.

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Neamtiu, Iulia A., Souhail R. Al-Abed, John L. McKernan, Calin L. Baciu, Eugen S. Gurzau, Anca O. Pogacean, and Scott M. Bessler. "Metal contamination in environmental media in residential areas around Romanian mining sites." Reviews on Environmental Health 32, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2017): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2016-0033.

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Abstract Hard-rock mining for metals, such as gold, silver, copper, zinc, iron and others, is recognized to have a significant impact on the environmental media, soil and water, in particular. Toxic contaminants released from mine waste to surface water and groundwater is the primary concern, but human exposure to soil contaminants either directly, via inhalation of airborne dust particles, or indirectly, via food chain (ingestion of animal products and/or vegetables grown in contaminated areas), is also, significant. In this research, we analyzed data collected in 2007, as part of a larger environmental study performed in the Rosia Montana area in Transylvania, to provide the Romanian governmental authorities with data on the levels of metal contamination in environmental media from this historical mining area. The data were also considered in policy decision to address mining-related environmental concerns in the area. We examined soil and water data collected from residential areas near the mining sites to determine relationships among metals analyzed in these different environmental media, using the correlation procedure in the SAS statistical software. Results for residential soil and water analysis indicate that the average values for arsenic (As) (85 mg/kg), cadmium (Cd) (3.2 mg/kg), mercury (Hg) (2.3 mg/kg) and lead (Pb) (92 mg/kg) exceeded the Romanian regulatory exposure levels [the intervention thresholds for residential soil in case of As (25 mg/kg) and Hg (2 mg/kg), and the alert thresholds in case of Pb (50 mg/kg) and Cd (3 mg/kg)]. Average metal concentrations in drinking water did not exceed the maximum contaminant level (MCL) imposed by the Romanian legislation, but high metal concentrations were found in surface water from Rosia creek, downstream from the former mining area.

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Power, M. R., D. Pirrie, G. S. Camm, and J. C. Ø. Andersen. "The mineralogy of efflorescence on As calciner buildings in SW England." Mineralogical Magazine 73, no. 1 (February 2009): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2009.073.1.27.

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Arsenic is a very common by-product of the processing of Cu, Au and polymetallic ores worldwide, where the ore is roasted (calcined) to remove volatile elements. In southwest England, a diverse range of As-mineral species occur as efflorescent secondary mineral growths on historic calciner buildings. Gypsum occurs as abundant dendritic growths comprising either interlocking blades or tabular crystals. Ca-arsenate minerals are locally very abundant as white colloform masses. Positively identified Ca arsenates include pharmacolite, weilite and haidingerite. Other secondary minerals include arsenolite, scorodite, bukovskyite and an As-bearing potassium alum, together with a wide variety of unidentified minerals, including an Al-As-S phase and As-rich F-bearing phases. Gypsum contains As concentrations up to ~7 wt.%. Efflorescent growth at sites exposed to the prevailing weather systems is less abundant than at sheltered sites. This is interpreted as being due to ‘pressure washing’ of exposed sites by driving rain. Successive concentric growths of gypsum and Ca arsenate on masonry are interpreted as being the result of seasonal crystallization.Understanding both current and historicalmining and mineralprocessing methods is criticalin the evaluation of the potential impact on the modern environment. In particular, due to the abundance of As-bearing minerals in a wide range of ore types, many buildings worldwide are potentially significantly contaminated with As even though few are directly related to As production or handling. Characterizing the secondary As mineralspecies present at mine and mineralprocessing sites is critical in understanding the potentialheal th risk these sites might pose.

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Singh, Veena Krishan. "Remediation: A Novel Approach for Reducing Environmental Pollution." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 1, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.1.4.29.

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Hazardous contaminants persist more and more now, which negatively impacts the world in various ways. Nearly every second species on earth is experiencing the worst problem with their existence as a result of high environmental contamination. While more recent remediation methods have made improvements, conventional methods have not successfully removed dangerous substances from the environment. Hazardous contaminants elimination using the remediation technique (HCER) is a process that uses remineralization to eliminate hazardous contaminants from contaminated soils and groundwater. The process involves removing hazardous constituents from contaminated soil or groundwater through either mechanical or biological means; then replacing these constituents with beneficial elements to restore environmental quality. Remediation technologies are used for both on-site and off-site applications, including landfills, industrial sites, municipal solid waste landfills, construction sites (e.g., roads), mine tailing piles and other areas where contamination exists due to anthropogenic activities such as mining operations, oil spills and landfill leachate seepage. The present study aims to examine and analyze the literature in the area of remediation strategies used to get rid of toxins, mainly from soil and water.

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El Hachimi, M. L., L. El Founti, A. Bouabdli, N. Saïdi, M. Fekhoui, and N. Tassé. "Pb et As dans des eaux alcalines minières : contamination, comportement et risques (mine abandonnée de Zeïda, Maroc)." Revue des sciences de l'eau 20, no. 1 (April 5, 2007): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014903ar.

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Résumé Des échantillons d’eau et de matière en suspension ont été prélevés le long de l’oued Moulouya et dans des lacs de carrière au niveau de l’ancien centre minier de Zeïda (Haute Moulouya, Maroc) en vue d’en évaluer la salubrité. Il est en effet important d’établir le degré et les causes éventuelles de dégradation de la qualité de ces eaux, compte tenu de leur usage à des fins tant domestiques qu’agricoles. Des résidus de traitement ont également été échantillonnés dans les haldes abandonnées. L’analyse des distributions et des variations spatio-temporelles des concentrations de Pb et As a permis de mettre en évidence que le centre minier a véritablement un impact sur la qualité des eaux de surface environnantes, malgré le caractère neutre à alcalin du drainage. Aucune ne rejoint les critères de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé en matière de Pb et As dans l’eau potable (10 µg/L), mais près de la moitié souscrit aux normes marocaines (50 µg/L). L’importance de la dégradation varie selon la saison et la localité, et le contraste entre sites a priori non dégradés et sites dégradés n’est pas toujours très prononcé. On observe même des variations à l’inverse des tendances attendues. Les résultats peuvent cependant être réconciliés en tenant compte de l’importance du transport particulaire par rapport au transport dissous au moment et au lieu de l’échantillonnage. Il appert que les minéralisations et les résidus miniers restés sur place peuvent constituer la principale source de pollution des eaux de surface de la région de Zeïda.

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Hayford, Michael Saah, and Bithin Datta. "Source Characterization of Multiple Reactive Species at an Abandoned Mine Site Using a Groundwater Numerical Simulation Model and Optimization Models." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094776.

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The most important first step in the management and remediation of contaminated groundwater aquifers is unknown contaminant source characterization. Often, the hydrogeological field data available for accurate source characterization are very sparse. In addition, hydrogeological and geochemical parameter estimates and field measurements are uncertain. Particularly in complex contaminated sites such as abandoned mine sites, the geochemical processes are very complex and identifying the sources of contamination in terms of location, magnitude, and duration, and determination of the pathways of pollution become very difficult. The reactive nature of the contaminant species makes the geochemical transport process very difficult to model and predict. Additionally, the source identification inverse problem is often non-unique and ill posed. This study is about developing and demonstrating a source characterization methodology for a complex contaminated aquifer with multiple reactive species. This study presents linked simulation optimization-based methodologies for characterization of unknown groundwater pollution source characteristics, i.e., location, magnitude and duration or timing. Optimization models are solved using an adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) optimization algorithm. The performance of the developed methodology is evaluated for different complex scenarios of groundwater pollution such as distributed mine waste dumps with reactive chemical species. The method is also applied to a real-life contaminated aquifer to demonstrate the potential applicability and optimal characterization results. The illustrative example site is a mine site in Northern Australia that is no longer active.

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47

Ameh, Eneojo Godwin, Mofoloronsho Samuel Kolawole, Sunday Ojochogwu Idakwo, Caroline Ojone Ameh, and Ebo GabrielImeokparia. "Distributional Coefficients and Enrichment Studies of Potentially Toxic Heavy Metals in Soils Around Itakpe Iron-Ore Mine, North Central Nigeria." Earth Science Research 6, no. 1 (December 27, 2016): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v6n1p85.

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Soil samples were collected randomly but uniformly distributed around Itakpe iron-ore mines in both dry and wet seasons. Surface soils were collected from 0cm to 10cm using stainless steel augers and located using Global Positioning System (GPS). Soil samples were air-dried, sieved through 500um mesh and 1.0g digested, evaporated and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS).Five (5) geo-environmental indices were used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of soil contamination due to iron ore mining. The anthropogenic factor (AF) for both seasons revealed that all heavy metals have greater than 50% AF except for Cd in the dry season. The geo accumulation index (Igeo) for both seasons showed background concentration to unpolluted for Cu and Zn while Fe, Ni, Cdand Pb recorded moderately to very highly polluted. The pollution index (Eri), showed tiny hazard level for all the heavy metals in dry season and in wet season, Cd and Ni recorded strong hazard level while tiny hazard level were observed for Cu and Pb. The ecological pollution index for the area is strong (RI=323.25). Dry and wet season enrichment factor (EF) revealed background concentration for all the heavy metals except Fe with EF> 40 (extremely high enrichment). While contamination factor (CF) was very high for Fe in both seasons, Cu and Ni recorded considerable to very high contamination in dry season. The wet season also revealed considerable contamination for Ni and Cd; moderate to considerable contamination for Cu, Zn and Pb. The sites in both seasons have experienced various degrees of deterioration but more significant in wet season. Based on these indices, the soils around Itakpe iron-ore area has suffered significant degrees of contaminations with respect to Fe, Ni, Cd and Pb.

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48

Namba, Hiroki, Yuichi Iwasaki, Kentaro Morita, Tagiru Ogino, Hiroyuki Mano, Naohide Shinohara, Tetsuo Yasutaka, Hiroyuki Matsuda, and Masashi Kamo. "Comparing impacts of metal contamination on macroinvertebrate and fish assemblages in a northern Japanese river." PeerJ 9 (January 27, 2021): e10808. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10808.

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Researchers have long assessed the ecological impacts of metals in running waters, but few such studies investigated multiple biological groups. Our goals in this study were to assess the ecological impacts of metal contamination on macroinvertebrates and fishes in a northern Japanese river receiving treated mine discharge and to evaluate whether there was any difference between the metrics based on macroinvertebrates and those based on fishes in assessing these impacts. Macroinvertebrate communities and fish populations were little affected at the downstream contaminated sites where concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were 0.1–1.5 times higher than water-quality criteria established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We detected a significant reduction in a few macroinvertebrate metrics such as mayfly abundance and the abundance of heptageniid mayflies at the two most upstream contaminated sites with metal concentrations 0.8–3.7 times higher than the water-quality criteria. There were, however, no remarkable effects on the abundance or condition factor of the four dominant fishes, including masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou). These results suggest that the richness and abundance of macroinvertebrates are more sensitive to metal contamination than abundance and condition factor of fishes in the studied river. Because the sensitivity to metal contamination can depend on the biological metrics used, and fish-based metrics in this study were limited, it would be valuable to accumulate empirical evidence for ecological indicators sensitive to metal contamination within and among biological groups to help in choosing which groups to survey for general environmental impact assessments in metal-contaminated rivers.

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ZINGANI, Ellah, Gabriel NDHLOVU, and Brian Chanda CHILUBA. "Assessment Of Lead Content In Soil Samples Obtained From Four Different Sites Of Kabwe, Central Province Of Zambia." International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science 1, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v1i1.15.

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Pollution has increased soil lead levels to several thousand parts per million; the primary cause of soil lead contamination in Kabwe district is the weathering from the former Zinc-lead mine. Soil lead is a health risk when directly ingested or inhaled as and it is of particular concern for children less than 6 years because of its implication on their growth. Hence this study set out to assess the lead soil content in four different sites of Kabwe district, Central province of Zambia. Literature was reviewed from studies that covered soil lead contamination. A quantitative analytical study was carried out, and it involved geographical mapping of four different sites the north, South, East, and West of Kabwe district which were conveniently selected to collect soil Samples which were taken to The University of Zambia School of Mines, Geology Engineering Laboratory to determine the Levels of soil Lead content using a technique called Geo-Chemical Analysis. The results suggest that the Chowa area is highly polluted with lead metal according to the globally recommended WHO guidelines and Zambia Environmental Management Agency, which all states that Residential areas should not exceed 400Kg/mg or parts per million.

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50

Zingani, Ellah, Gabriel Ndhlovu, and Brian Chanda Chiluba. "Assessment of Lead Content in Soil Samples Obtained from Four Different Sites of Kabwe, Central Province of Zambia." International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v1i1.41.

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Pollution has increased soil lead levels to several thousand parts per million; the major cause of soil lead contamination in Kabwe district is the weathering from the former Zinc-lead mine. Soil lead is a health risk when directly ingested or inhaled as and it is of particular concern for children less than 6 years because of its implication on their growth. Hence this study set out to assess the lead soil content in four different sites of Kabwe district, Central province of Zambia. Literature was reviewed from studies that covered soil lead contamination. a quantitative analytical study was carried out and it involved geographical mapping of four different sites the north, South, East, and West of Kabwe district which were conveniently selected to collect soil Samples which were taken to The University of Zambia School of Mines, Geology Engineering Laboratory to determine the Levels of soil Lead content using a technique called Geo-Chemical Analysis. The results suggest that Chowa area is highly polluted with lead metal according to the globally recommended WHO guidelines and Zambia Environmental Management agency which all states that Residential areas should not exceed 400Kg/mg or parts per million.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Contamination of mine sites (England)'

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