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1
Cheema, Shahbaz Ahmad. "The Concept of Qawama: A Study of Interpretive Tensions." Hawwa 11, no. 2-3 (June 9, 2014): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341245.
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The concept of qawama in Islam is viewed as a foundation of discriminatory treatment of women in the social and legal spheres. There are a range of interpretations of this concept propounded by traditionalists and modernists. This paper explores some of the interpretive tensions generated by these approaches. The traditionalist approaches are incapable of responding to contemporary concerns, while the modernist approaches leave other interpretive questions unanswered. An inclusive perspective ought to be adopted, which accords due reverence to the normative status of verse 4:34 of the Qurʾan, without sacrificing contemporary realities. The generic ethical message in the Qurʾan, along with the Prophet’s exemplary attitude, provide a framework for ameliorating the adverse implications of qawama embedded in the strict interpretations. Such an interpretation of qawama would be based on the recognition of the relative hierarchy of men and women, neither by the renunciation of all facets of hierarchy in the institution of the family, as contended by some modernists nor by interpreting the verse as an absolute hierarchy, as postulated by the traditionalists. This paper is constructed on the premise that the concept of qawama is founded on Quranic verse 4:34, but how far this can be stretched or restricted is primarily a human domain.
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Sevea, Iqbal Singh. "Schooling the Muslim Nation." South Asia Research 31, no. 1 (February 2011): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026272801003100105.
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This article examines Muhammad Iqbal’s critique of contemporary approaches towards Muslim education. In his writings, poetic and prose, Iqbal took on both the traditional religious authorities who administered the Madrasas and the modernists associated with the Aligarh College for failing to provide an education that was true to the ‘national character’ and to develop a synthesis of Islamic and western knowledge. While the former were criticised for ignoring modern intellectual developments, the latter were attacked for being intellectually captive to the West. At a broader level, this article employs Iqbal as a foil to debates over the empowering potential of western education. Iqbal’s views are examined against the background of attempts by Muslim intel-lectuals to negotiate between the adoption of a universal modern education and the development of an educational system that kept Muslims grounded in Islam and their ‘national character’. These negotiations took on a number of shapes, pedagogical and polemical as well as theological.
3
Khir, Bustami Mohamed. "The Qur'an and Science: The Debate on the Validity of Scientific Interpretations." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 2, no. 2 (October 2000): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2000.2.2.19.
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The relationship between the Qur'an and science has generated ongoing debate. Muslims encountered traditional science more than a century ago and responded to it positively. Though a majority of them attempted to include it in Qur'anic exegeses, a few were not in favour of such an approach. Science in its present sense is applied exclusively to its modern Western model, which is historically more or less anti-religious. Modern Muslims, on the contrary, used science to support the validity and miraculous nature of the Qur'an. A rapidly developing field of enquiry called ‘scientific interpretation’ is on the rise. It is possible to identify four approaches in this trend: the modernists, advocates, rejectionists and moderates. Whatever views one takes on the relationship between the Qur'an and science, the related contemporary debate is unlikely to settle or change its course in the near future. This paper attempts to give a brief and critical account of the debate in its traditional and modern forms. It begins with a few remarks on the nature of both the Qur'an and science, and concludes with an overall evaluation.
4
Brahimi, Mohamed Amine, and Houssem Ben Lazreg. "Post-Islamism and Intellectual Production: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Evolution of Contemporary Islamic Thought." Religions 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12010049.
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The advent of the 1990s marked, among other things, the restructuring of the Muslim world in its relation to Islam. This new context has proved to be extremely favorable to the emergence of scholars who define themselves as reformists or modernists. They have dedicated themselves to reform in Islam based on the values of peace, human rights, and secular governance. One can find an example of this approach in the works of renowned intellectuals such as Farid Esack, Mohamed Talbi, or Mohamed Arkoun, to name a few. However, the question of Islamic reform has been debated during the 19th and 20th centuries. This article aims to comprehend the historical evolution of contemporary reformist thinkers in the scientific field. The literature surrounding these intellectuals is based primarily on content analysis. These approaches share a type of reading that focuses on the interaction and codetermination of religious interpretations rather than on the relationships and social dynamics that constitute them. Despite these contributions, it seems vital to question this contemporary thinking differently: what influence does the context of post-Islamism have on the emergence of this intellectual trend? What connections does it have with the social sciences and humanities? How did it evolve historically? In this context, the researchers will analyze co-citations in representative samples to illustrate the theoretical framework in which these intellectuals are located, and its evolution. Using selected cases, this process will help us to both underline the empowerment of contemporary Islamic thought and the formation of a real corpus of works seeking to reform Islam.
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Brahimi, Mohamed Amine, and Houssem Ben Lazreg. "Post-Islamism and Intellectual Production: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Evolution of Contemporary Islamic Thought." Religions 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12010049.
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The advent of the 1990s marked, among other things, the restructuring of the Muslim world in its relation to Islam. This new context has proved to be extremely favorable to the emergence of scholars who define themselves as reformists or modernists. They have dedicated themselves to reform in Islam based on the values of peace, human rights, and secular governance. One can find an example of this approach in the works of renowned intellectuals such as Farid Esack, Mohamed Talbi, or Mohamed Arkoun, to name a few. However, the question of Islamic reform has been debated during the 19th and 20th centuries. This article aims to comprehend the historical evolution of contemporary reformist thinkers in the scientific field. The literature surrounding these intellectuals is based primarily on content analysis. These approaches share a type of reading that focuses on the interaction and codetermination of religious interpretations rather than on the relationships and social dynamics that constitute them. Despite these contributions, it seems vital to question this contemporary thinking differently: what influence does the context of post-Islamism have on the emergence of this intellectual trend? What connections does it have with the social sciences and humanities? How did it evolve historically? In this context, the researchers will analyze co-citations in representative samples to illustrate the theoretical framework in which these intellectuals are located, and its evolution. Using selected cases, this process will help us to both underline the empowerment of contemporary Islamic thought and the formation of a real corpus of works seeking to reform Islam.
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ساري, حنان, and محمد أبو الليث الخيرآبادي. "أوهام القراءة الحداثية المعاصرة: دراسة تحليلية نقدية (Misunderstandings of Modern Contemporary Reading: A Critical Analysis )." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 15, no. 3 (October 21, 2018): 258–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v15i3.726.
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انتشرت لفظة الحداثة في عصرنا الحالي انتشاراً واسعاً، وأخذت مفهومات متعددة، ونحن لا نراها أكثر من أنها امتداد طبيعي للقلق الأوروبي.وسعى التيار الحداثي لتقديم مشاريع تعتمد كلية على مناهج وآليات غربية في دراستها وتعاملها مع القرآن الكريم والسنة، ولعل أهم الذين تقدموا بتلك المشاريع؛ محمد أركون، عبد المجيد الشرفي التونسي، محمد عابد الجابري، حسن حنفي، نصر حامد أبوزيد، الطيب التيزني السوري، محمد شحرور، جمال البنا وغيرهم، وطالبوا بإعادة قراءة القرآن الكريم على ضوء المناهج النقدية الغربية في عملية التقليد الأعمى، ومن ثم نقلوا التجربة الأوروبية بكل آثارها الفوضوية إلى ساحة الفكر الإسلامي. وإن مدعي تجديد الدين من هؤلاء، ليس لهم صلة بالدين أو علومه، بقدر ما تشبعت أفكارهم بمناهج علمانية، فالمراد من جهودهم ليس الدين، وإنما غرس الحداثة بدل الدين، فهي خطَّةٌ تقوم على التَّغيير من داخل البيت الإسلاميِّ من خلال العبث بالنُّصوص الشَّرعيَّة بتحريفها وتفريغها من محتواها الحقيقيِّ، ووضع المحتوى الذي يريدون؛ فهم يَطرحون أفكارَهم وآراءَهم على أنَّها رؤى إسلاميَّة ناشئة عن الاجتهاد في فهم الدِّين. وقد حَمَلَ هذا الاتجاهُ شعار (التَّحديث والعصرنة للإسلام)؛ فهم يريدون منَّا تركَ ما أَجْمَعَتْ عليه الأُمَّةُ من معاني القرآن والسُّنَّة، لفهم جديد مغاير لفهم السَّلَف الصَّالح يكون متناسبًا مع هذا العصر الذي نعيش فيه.
الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الحداثة، أوهام، الحداثيون، قراءة معاصرة، العصرنة للإسلام.
Abstract
In modern times, the word Modernity has spread widely and has become widely understood, and we see it as a natural extension of European concern and confusion. The Modernist Movement strived to present the ideas that rely completely on Western methodologies and approaches in their study and dealing with Qur’an and Sunnah. The most important scholars that have presented these ideas are; Mohammad Arkoun, ‘Abd Al-Majid Sharafi al-Tunisi, Mohammed ‘Abed al-Jabri, Hassan Hanafi, Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, Tayyeb Tizini, Muhammad Shahrour, Jamal Al-Banna, and others, they called for a re-reading and reinterpret the Qur’an in the light of Western critical approaches. Then, conveyed and brought the European experience and practice with all its chaotic effects to Islamic thought. The slogan of “Renewal of Religion” from these people has no relation to religion (Islam) or its sources, but instead saturated their ideas with secular methods. They tried to instill modernity rather than religion, and misinterpreted the Islamic sources by distorting it and evacuating it from the true context and setting it with their own understanding. They claim their ideas and opinions as the effort to understand religion and carried the slogan of “Modernization and Modernization of Islam”; they want us to leave the consensus of the Muslim scholars on religious issues (Ijmaa’ al-Ummah) especially relating to the meaning of the Qur’an and Sunnah and bring us to a new views and understanding on religious issues which are contradictory to the views of the past Muslim scholars (al-salaf al-soleh) to fulfill their opinions.
Keywords: Modernity, Misunderstanding, Modernists, Contemporary Reading, Modernization of Islam.
7
Abdullah, Fuady, and Moh Mukhlas. "Dissenting Approaches of Islamic Economics: The Contemporary Juristic Discussion of Riba." Justicia Islamica 17, no. 1 (June 6, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v17i1.1925.
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Along with the rapid growth and spread of Islamic economic enterprises, some of their products have prompted debates among the Islamic scholars about their permissibility and whether they comprise usury (riba). Eventhough riba is one of the central concepts in Islamic economics, the ruling of riba and its definition are still among those objects of the ongoing long debates and discussions among Islamic scholars and economists. This issue comes about from a broader question about which kind of Islamic economic system should be developed as an alternative of its conventional counterpart. By examining discussions on riba found in contemporary literatures, it can be seen that the question is discussed through different approaches. At the same time, these approaches are used to understand and implement Sharia juristic principles in the field of economy. In general, there are three approaches; the modernist approach, the revivalist approach, and the literalist approach. To further understand these approaches, this paper identifies some main topics of the ongoing debate among the proponents of these approaches, namely, the position of Fiqh opinions in defining Islamic economic concepts, the objectives of Sharia to comply in economic activities, and also the question of the applicability of concepts concluded by each approach.Seiring dengan cepatnya pertumbuhan dan penyebaran perusahaan berbasis ekonomi Islam, beberapa produk dari perusahaan tersebut telah memicu perdebatan di antara para sarjana Islam tentang legalitas dan keterkandungan unsur riba di dalamnya. Meskipun riba adalah salah satu konsep sentral dalam ekonomi Islam, legalitas riba dan definisinya masih menjadi objek perdebatan panjang yang terus berlangsung di antara para sarjana dan ekonom Islam. Masalah ini muncul dari pertanyaan yang lebih luas tentang bagaimana seharusnya model sistem ekonomi Islam yang dikembangkan sebagai alternatif dari ekonomi konvensional. Dengan menelaah diskusi tentang riba yang ditemukan dalam literatur kontemporer, dapat dilihat bahwa pertanyaan tersebut didorong oleh berbagai pendekatan yang digunakan untuk memahami dan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip Syariah di bidang ekonomi. Secara umum, ada tiga pendekatan; pendekatan modernis, pendekatan revivalis, dan pendekatan literalis. Untuk lebih memahami pendekatan ini, makalah ini mengidentifikasi beberapa topik utama dari perdebatan di antara para penganut pendekatan tersebut, yaitu posisi fikih dalam mendefinisikan konsep-konsep dalam ekonomi Islam, maqāsid al-Syariah yang harus dipedomani dalam aktivitas-aktivitas ekonomi, dan juga pertanyaan tentang efektivitas penerapan konsep-konsep yang dihasilkan.
8
Thomson, Tara. "Annotating the Everyday in a Modernist Scholarly Edition." Modernist Cultures 15, no. 1 (February 2020): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2020.0281.
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This article interrogates current approaches to the annotation of scholarly editions in order to reframe annotation practice within an emerging ‘new modernist editing’. Using the Broadview edition of Dorothy Richardson's The Tunnel as a case study to reflect on the particular challenges of annotating a modernist text for a particular audience, I explore the problems that emerge from the explanation/interpretation dichotomy that commonly frames annotation practice. While this paper does not devise a prescriptive method for scholarly annotation, its aim instead is to refine our conceptions of the purpose and nature of explanatory notes, by putting them into conversation with contemporary literary theory, and particularly recent approaches to modernism situated in the post-critical turn.
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Resuloğlu, Çılga, and Elvan Altan Ergut. "Kavaklidere-Ankara: The Formation of a Residential District During the 1950s." Open House International 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2015-b0006.
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This paper aims to examine the formation of Kavaklıdere as a ‘modern’ residential district during the 1950s. Contemporary urbanization brought about changes in various regions of Ankara, among which Kavaklıdere emerged as an important location with features that defined a new stage in the development of the identity of the capital city. The construction of houses in this district from the early 1950s onwards was in accordance with new functional requirements resulting from the needs of the contemporary socio-economic context, and exemplified the relationship between architectural approaches and social developments. In line with the rapid urbanization of Ankara throughout the 1950s, daily life in Kavaklıdere was transformed, as experienced in the apartment blocks that were the newly constructed sites of modernization. The contemporary transformation of Kavaklıdere was apparently formal and spatial, with the modernist architectural approach of the period, i.e. the so-called International Style, beginning to dominate in the shaping of its changing character. Nonetheless, the transformation was not only architectural but also social: the characteristics of this part of the city were then defined by structures like these apartment blocks, which brought modernist design features, together with modern ways of living, into wider public use and appreciation. The paper discusses how the identity of Kavaklıdere as a residential district was formed in the context of the mid-twentieth century, when these new residences emerged as pioneering modernist architectural housing, the product of social change, which housed and hence facilitated the ‘modern’ lifestyle of that time.
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Paramore, Kiri. "“Civil Religion” and Confucianism: Japan's Past, China's Present, and the Current Boom in Scholarship on Confucianism." Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 2 (May 2015): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911814002265.
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This article employs the history of Confucianism in modern Japan to critique current scholarship on the resurgence of Confucianism in contemporary China. It argues that current scholarship employs modernist formulations of Confucianism that originated in Japan's twentieth-century confrontation with Republican China, without understanding the inherent nationalist applications of these formulations. Current scholarly approaches to Confucianism trace a history through Japanese-influenced U.S. scholars of the mid-twentieth century like Robert Bellah to Japanese imperialist and Chinese Republican nationalist scholarship of the early twentieth century. This scholarship employed new individualistic and modernist visions of religion and philosophy to isolate fields of “Confucian values” or “Confucian philosophy” apart from the realities of social practice and tradition, transforming Confucianism into a purely intellectualized “empty box” ripe to be filled with cultural nationalist content. This article contends that current scholarship, by continuing this modernist approach, may unwittingly facilitate similar nationalist exploitations of Confucianism.
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Benko, Melinda. "The ‘Closed/Open’ Duality in Contemporary Urban Form." Open House International 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2010-b0006.
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One of the innumerable ways to systemise contemporary European urban projects is to analyse the urban form originates from the master-plan concept. The duality of closed and open urban situations is an excellent conceptual tool for classification. This classification helps us to recognise, understand and represent the diversity of the city, as it is present on each level of a settlement and architecture. In the case of “Solid-oriented” projects construction and emplacement of buildings are the main goals. The principle of “Solid-oriented” projects are based on two very different, still existing traditions One is the classical European closed block structure, while the other one is the Modernist open urban system. Today we can identify two new approaches combining those two traditions in different ways. Urban transparency preserves streets, the effect of enclosure, and the dominance of buildings. At the same time density is coupled with spaciousness, blocks are fractured and the environment becomes more complex even within one block. The in-between method, based on the idea of structuralism, attempts to balance the importance of mass and space and creates permeable blocks in a new open urban structure. Besides creating urban volumes or buildings in the city, there is a new type of challenge in contemporary urban design. Since the 1990's attention has shifted to cityscape, i.e. to re-interpreting and reforming open spaces. The international literature calls this un-volumetric architecture. The duality of openness and closedness also appears here. While openness seems to dominate urban situations in contemporary cities, buildings are predominantly used in a closed manner.
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علي, عاصم شحادة. "الألسنية الحديثة: قراءة إيبستمولوجية (Modern Linguistics: An Epistemological Reading)." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 15, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v15i2.741.
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ثمة قضايا في الألسنية اختلف فيها المعاصرون من حيث القبول أو الرفض؛ حيث تبحث الإيبستمولوجيا في القراءة النقدية للمبادئ والفرضيات والنتائج العلمية، وفي الوقت نفسه تتناول موضوع القراءة النقدية للعلوم. هذه الدراسة تهدف إلى البحث بشكل عام عن بعض قضايا الألسنية الحديثة التي تناولها القدامى؛ للتأكيد على أنّ المعلومات قد استوعبها الطلبة غير الناطقين بالعربية والمتخصصين باللغة العربية، ولتحديد قضايا الألسنية الحديثة لدى القدامى العرب بشكل تفصيلي، ولتقييم أثر الألسنية الحديثة وتكاملها مع جهود القدامى اللغويين في المستوى العلمي للطلبة في الجامعات والمعاهد العليا، ولتوضيح دور اللغة في اللغة الإنسانية، ولتحسين فهم العلاقة بين مجالات الألسنية الحديثة لدى القدامى والمعاصرين وفعاليتها في العلوم الإنسانية، وللتأكيد على أن الألسنية الحديثة وتكاملها مع القدامى العرب فيها عناصر يمكن أن تؤثر في العلوم الإنسانية. توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج مهمة، ومنها: أن التفكير النحوي وإعادة تدوين النظريات النحوية جاء بأسلوب حديث، وقدم أصول نظرية التحويل والتفريع، وقال بأن نظرية تشومسكي تلتقي في اعتراضها على البنيوية مع الأصول التي رسمها ابن هشام الأنصاري للتحليل اللغوي والمعرب عنده، هناك من العرب المعاصرين من هدف إلى قراءة التراث النحوي وتقييمه. وقد عرضوا عيب مقاربات المحدثين للتراث العربي والتي اتسمت بالتجريبية، وهناك من وصفوا الدراسة التاريخية للعلوم اللغوية من الدراسات اللغوية القديمة إلى الدراسات اللغوية في القرن العشرين.
الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الإيبستمولوجيا، التراث، المعاصرة، الدراسات اللغوية.
Abstract
There are many issues in modernity in which modernists differ in terms of acceptance or rejection; whereas epistemology examines the critical reading of principles, hypotheses, and scientific results along with addressing the critical reading of science. This study aims to search in general various modern linguistics issues that were addressed by the ancient Arabs; to emphasize that the information was absorbed by non-Arabic and Arabic-speaking students, to identify modern Arabic issues in the ancient Arabs in detail, and to evaluate the impact of modern linguistics and integration with the efforts of linguists in the academic level students of universities and higher institutes, to clarify the role of language in the human language, and to improve understanding of the relationship between the areas of modern linguistics of ancient and modern period and its effectiveness in the humanities, and to emphasize that modern linguistics and its integration with ancient Arabs has elements that can influence the humanities. Among the important findings are: The grammatical thinking and the re-codification of grammatical theories brought out the modern methods, introduced the origins of the theory of conversion and division, and the theory of Chomsky meets in its opposition to structuralism with the theories drawn by Ibn Hisham Al-Ansari for linguistic analysis and the inflection. There are contemporary grammarians who aim to read the grammar heritage and evaluate it. They present the defect of modernist approaches to Arab heritage, which was characterized by experimentation, and there are those who define the historical study of linguistic sciences from the old linguistic studies to the linguistic studies of the twentieth century.
Keywords: Epistemology, Heritage, Contemporary, Language Studies.
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Charitonidou, Marianna. "Revisiting Giancarlo De Carlo’s Participatory Design Approach: From the Representation of Designers to the Representation of Users." Heritage 4, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 985–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4020054.
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The article examines the principles of Giancarlo De Carlo’s design approach. It pays special attention to his critique of the modernist functionalist logic, which was based on a simplified understanding of users. De Carlo′s participatory design approach was related to his intention to replace of the linear design process characterising the modernist approaches with a non-hierarchical model. Such a non-hierarchical model was applied to the design of the Nuovo Villaggio Matteotti in Terni among other projects. A characteristic of the design approach applied in the case of the Nuovo Villaggio Matteotti is the attention paid to the role of inhabitants during the different phases of the design process. The article explores how De Carlo’s “participatory design” criticised the functionalist approaches of pre-war modernist architects. It analyses De Carlo’s theory and describes how it was made manifest in his architectural practice—particularly in the design for the Nuovo Villaggio Matteotti and the master plan for Urbino—in his teaching and exhibition activities, and in the manner his buildings were photographs and represented through drawings and sketches. The work of Giancarlo De Carlo and, especially, his design methods in the case of the Nuovo Villaggio Matteotti can help us reveal the myths of participatory design approaches within the framework of their endeavour to replace the representation of designers by a representation of users. The article relates the potentials and limits of De Carlo’s participatory design approach to more contemporary concepts such as “negotiated planning”, “co-production”, and “crossbenching”. The article also intends to explore whether there is consistency between De Carlo’s theory of participation and its application.
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Chandler, David. "Planetary Boundaries and the Challenge to Governance in the Anthropocene." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas Avançadas do Terceiro Setor 1, no. 1 (September 18, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31501/repats.v1i1.9928.
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This article considers the challenge to governance posed by new Anthropocene discourses of planetary boundaries. The first section introduces the problematic of the Anthropocene as a new geological epoch and also as symptomatic of the end of modernist ontological and epistemological assumptions of the divide between culture and nature. The Anthropocene is thus seen to fundamentally decentre the human as subject and the temporal linearity of Enlightenment progress. The second section analyses the implications of this closure for critical approaches to governance, which increasingly accept and reproduce these ontopolitical assumptions. The tasks of governance thus become transformed, no longer seeking to imagine alternative futures but rather drawing out alternative possibilities that already exist in the present. Governance becomes increasingly an act of affirmation rather than a discourse of change and transformation. The third section expands on this point to consider how contemporary governance approaches articulate the status quo in increasingly radical and enabling ways.
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Nahachewsky, James. "At the Edge of Reason: Teaching Language and Literacy in a Digital Age." E-Learning and Digital Media 4, no. 3 (September 2007): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/elea.2007.4.3.355.
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Canadian schools are witnessing widening gaps between traditional definitions of literacy, which include reading and writing, and contemporary literacy practices like interactive multimedia use and online communications. Language and literacy teachers are called upon daily to bridge these contradictions through the pedagogical and textual choices they make in their classrooms. This article reports work in a study funded by Canada's Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC). This study comprised a qualitative inquiry into three teachers' experiences and textual stances of authority within the rapidly evolving environment of language arts classrooms. Situated understandings of the teachers' personal and professionally situated literacies complicated their daily pedagogical and textual choices. Theorized divisions between modernist literacy approaches and evolving postmodern practices emerged as a more complex set of discourses within the contact zone of contemporary language arts classrooms than originally anticipated, including a ‘horizontality’ to the classes' critical literacy practices. These findings have implications for the education of pre-service teachers, the development of literacy pedagogy, and the continuing debate as to what it means to be literate in today's information society.
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Amsler, Sarah, Jeannie Kerr, and Vanessa Andreotti. "Interculturality in Teacher Education in Times of Unprecedented Global Challenges." Education and Society 38, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7459/es/38.1.02.
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As societies face unprecedented challenges that are global in scope and “more-than-wicked” in nature, educators and educational policy makers emphasize the importance of deepening knowledge about the causes of these problems, creating policies to address them more efficiently, and offering more compelling moral arguments that might persuade people to change their convictions, and ‐ as a consequence ‐ their behaviour. These concerns shape how policies on the study of interculturality are approached in contemporary teacher education in our contexts in Canada and the UK. Our research, however, positions these as problems that cannot be solved with improved information, enhanced cross-cultural skills, or moral claims, because they are rooted in modernity’s systems, which structure the possibilities for co-existence on the planet. We see these problems as ontological challenges of being that emerge from a modernist ontology rooted in colonial violences. Our approach therefore explores an orientation to intercultural education which enables student teachers to expand their understanding of cultural and ecological relationships beyond existing frameworks of modernist knowledge, politics, and economic systems. In this paper, we share some of our current learning about the affordances and limitations of dominant approaches to intercultural education, and then explore how the method of “social cartography” can enable engagement with ontological problems in teacher education in a way that generates possibilities for imagining decolonial learning futures, beyond modernity.
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Cooper, Sara. "Research on help-seeking for mental illness in Africa: Dominant approaches and possible alternatives." Transcultural Psychiatry 53, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): 696–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461515622762.
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There is growing concern within the global mental health arena that interventions currently being executed to scale up mental health services in Africa will be ineffective unless simultaneous steps are taken to address people’s help-seeking behaviour. Drawing upon two conceptual tools arising from science and technology studies (STS), those of a “classification system” and “the black box,” this paper looks critically at discursive constructions of help-seeking in Africa within mental health research over the last decade. Research in this area can be divided into two dominant traditions: the knowledge-belief-practice survey and indigenous-knowledge-system approaches. Although the content and value-codes between these approaches differ, structurally they are very similar. Both are mediated by the same kind of system of classification, which demarcates the world into homogenous entities and binary oppositions. This system of ordering is one of the most stubborn and powerful forms of classification buried in the “black box” of the modernist/colonial knowledge archive and is fraught with many questionable Eurocentric epistemological assumptions. I consider whether there might be other ways of understanding help-seeking for mental illness in Africa and discuss two studies that illustrate such alternative approaches. In conclusion, I discuss some of the challenges this alternative kind of research faces in gaining more influence within contemporary global mental health discourse and practice.
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Bovsunivska, Tetyana. "CONTEMPORARY NOVEL IN ASPECT OF FRAME POETICS." LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends, no. 17 (2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2021.17.2.
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The article considers the possibility of synthesizing the system of poetics on the basis of cognitology, in this case - the theory of frames. The frame poetics is able to provide motivation where classical, non-classical or postnonclassical cannot offer convincing motivations. Poetics develops according to the laws of human thinking, in particular fixed in the frame theory. Therefore, we have reason to use frames in literary studies, because the frame is a natural segmentation of thinking in literature as well as in any field of science. The problem of genre definitions and genre transformations in modern novel forms has created a crisis of genre delineation. Frame theory allows to solve this problem of genre definition. Оr look at the genre in a new way, contributing to the conclusion of a new genre gestalt. The formation of different modern novel forms is considered in the aspect of the evolution of different types of poetics, which were concluded by mankind throughout its existence. Poetics is a mental mnemonic system of recoding reality or fiction into the figurative world of a work of art. Postnonclassical poetics, which is represented primarily in the works of postmodernists, has ceased to meet the needs of literary analysis, as it no longer has time to generate theoretical approaches due to the many modifications of the modern novel. Thus, there was a problem of inventing a different approach to the analysis of the current state of novel. Poetics is renewed in order to provide a comprehensive analysis of the structure of thinking of the artistic phenomenon and loses relevance when it does not provide such an opportunity. The nature of thinking is immutable and consistent in the principles of thought construction, and therefore, frame poetics is an evolutionary product of all previous types of poetics. It cannot contradict classical or postnonclassical poetics because it is a question of purely cognitive regularities. The sources of basic ideas for the creation of frame poetics of literature are the theory of frames from M. Minsky to I. Hoffman and W. Wachstein, frame semantics in linguistics from C. Fillmore to S. Shid, the theory of psychological patterns by E. de Bono and dynamic patterns by N. Babutz with a projection on French literature of the modernist era, interdisciplinary methodology of cognitive literary criticism and Gestalt theory from T. Kuhn and I. Prigogine to K. Aidukevich and T. Kotarbinsky, and finally, iconology as a principle of embodied frame unfolding by E. Panufsky, N. Goodman to E. Cassirer, J. Richardson and W. T. Mitchell.
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Viú Adagio, Julieta. "De Qué Hablamos Cuando Hablamos de Crónica Contemporánea en América Latina." Cadernos de Literatura Comparada, no. 44 (2021): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/2183-2242/cad44a7.
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The field of contemporary chronicle in Latin America is hegemonized by the so-called "Narrative Journalism" that aims to narrate the present on the basis of previous journalistic investigations. In a different position and without grouping under any denomination, a series of writers dedicated to the short chronicle present a point of convergence in their affiliation to the modernist chronicle. The coexistence of both positions presents disputes in relation to themes, approaches, narrative procedures and author positions, in other words, with the modern cultural and literary tradition. The binomial literature / journalism, nodal for the genre, from these bids is located in the center of the scene. That is why, in this article, we intend to illuminate the issue of self-denomination, the conception of the literary work and language.
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Jankov, Sonja. "Re-Thinking Architectural Modernism in Contemporary Art: Jasmina Cibic, Dušica Dražić and Katarina Burin." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 16 (September 5, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i16.256.
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This paper analyses how three contemporary female artists approach Modernist architecture and its ideological context. Jasmina Cibic in her contemporary interdisciplinary installations addresses politization of architecture – both at the time it was conceptualised and now, when it is related to past political regimes. For Cibic, architectural objects are signifiers of larger narratives. This is how she approaches Slovenian trade fair that was supposed to be realised in 1941, but has never been, numerous renovations of the former summer residency of Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito, lack of documentation on the Pavilion of Kingdom of Yugoslavia at the 1929 World Expo and the Palace of Yugoslav Federal Executive Council. In the case of Dušica Dražić, the paper focuses on her work New City, a large maquette of a non-existing city that contains buildings chosen from projects that were actually built but eventually destroyed. Katarina Burin fabricates sketches, documentary materials, architectural scale models, technical drawings and furnishings which are aesthetically, technically and theoretically bounded to the architectural design of the 1950s, in order to create Gesamtkunstwerk which criticizes the absence of women from architectural history of the time. Article received: March 24, 2018; Article accepted: April 10, 2018; Published online: September 15, 2018; Preliminary report – Short CommunicationsHow to cite this article: Jankov, Sonja. "Re-Thinking Architectural Modernism in Contemporary Art: Jasmina Cibic, Dušica Dražić and Katarina Burin." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 16 (2018): 85−98. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i16.256
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Carter, Elizabeth. "From Myths to Markets." European Journal of Sociology 60, no. 2 (August 2019): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975619000110.
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AbstractThis article posits that institutionalized mythologies can create comparative production advantages. Myths shape collective identity, mobilize actors, and fundamentally reshape production dynamics. Myths are institutionalized in market rules, regulations and structures, leading to the reification of the myth. The myth functions as if it is true, not because it is true, but because it shapes the rules of production. Yet without the initial myth, specific production incentives—and even their institutional comparative advantages—would not exist. My theory integrates approaches from modernist historians (“imagined communities”) and economic sociologists (“imagined futures”) to explain how myths (“imagined histories”) shape contemporary market outcomes, using the example of the French wine market. This argument contributes to the historical institutionalist approach, which focuses on the historical power dynamics between competing groups and the present-day social and market consequence of their institutionalized solutions.
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Hearn, Alison, and Sarah Banet-Weiser. "The Beguiling: Glamour in/as Platformed Cultural Production." Social Media + Society 6, no. 1 (January 2020): 205630511989877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305119898779.
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Arguing that questions of power expressed through aesthetic form are too often left out of current approaches to digital culture, this article revives the modernist aesthetic category of glamour in order to analyze contemporary forms of platformed cultural production. Through a case study of popular feminism, the article traces the ways in which glamour, defined as a beguiling affective force linked to promotional capitalist logics, suffuses digital content, metrics, and platforms. From the formal aesthetic codes of the ubiquitous beauty and lifestyle Instagram feeds that perpetuate the beguiling promise of popular feminism, to the enticing simplicity of online metrics and scores that promise transformative social connection and approbation, to the political economic drive for total information awareness and concomitant disciplining, predicting and optimizing of consumer-citizens, the article argues that the ambivalent aesthetic of glamour provides an apt descriptor and compelling heuristic for digital cultural production today.
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Górna, Ada, and Krzysztof Górny. "Urban agriculture in Havana – evidence from empirical research." Miscellanea Geographica 24, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0012.
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AbstractThe aim of this article is to indicate the features of contemporary urban agriculture present in the contiguously built-up areas of Havana. Using an exploratory and classification approach, the authors draw on fieldwork and a prior analysis of satellite and aerial imagery, first to characterize the spatial distribution of urban gardens and then to point to their main intrinsic features, including the methods and organization of production and the functions performed. The research conducted shows that urban agriculture is distributed across the city in an uneven fashion, with the main concentration in districts of lower-density urban construction, which reflects the availability of land resources intentionally left between buildings by modernist planners. The most common production technique applied is organopónico, or organoponics. However, the material commonly used to construct the bordering walls is asbestos, which may pose a significant threat for both producers and consumers. Two case studies are analyzed to exemplify different approaches to organic food production.
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Stickells, Lee. "Conceiving an architecture of movement." Architectural Research Quarterly 14, no. 1 (March 2010): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135510000564.
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Ideas about movement were fundamental for Modernist architecture of the early twentieth century and are ubiquitous in contemporary theory and practice. The shifting theoretical terrain in which bodily movement is made sense of has continuously produced different understandings of architectural possibilities. For example, where in much early Modernism, and in present conventional practice, movement is often articulated in terms of technical, functional circulation and narrativised aesthetic experience (the architectural promenade), other recent practices adopt more ambivalent approaches. The emphasis in these later practices is on the relationality of programmatic elements, articulated in terms of dynamic coexistence, continual variation and fluid, interconnected space. In this way, they connect to a pervasive concern with mobility in the late twentieth, and early twenty-first century: culture is increasingly seen as dynamic and hybrid, societies are defined through complex webs of interconnection, and social theory is focused on the nomadic. In this context, examining changing conceptions and structuring of bodily movement within architecture provides a means for productively reengaging with modern architectural history.
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Ryńska, Elżbieta D., and Maria L. Lewicka. "Closed circulation loops in historic buildings. Cultural diagnosis as one of the major factors in a contemporary designer’s workshop." Urban Development Issues 61, no. 1 (April 12, 2019): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/udi-2019-0004.
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Abstract Sustainable development has now become an element that is deeply integrated in contemporary architectonic design and urban planning. With the development of a modern designer’s workshop, resilience, passive, ecological, plus energy or nZEB buildings and various smart city issues have to be included in line with more conventional analyses prepared during the design processes. Currently, we also face the emerging theme of the circular economy. This has a great impact, not just on the introduction of circular loops into the flow of building materials, but also on the design approach and management choices. Historic heritage buildings forming part of the building stock must be considered within this new theme. Most existing research deals either with new or modernised buildings, or with the re-use flows of various materials, actually often coming from historic buildings which have passed beyond the limits of repair. This paper shows a different approach to historic buildings where a design was prepared focusing on best choice cases and included a chain of several intertwining approaches, presented against the background of a Polish case study in Warsaw. The aim of this work is to propose a design management procedure to be used when dealing with historic buildings. It follows both the path of a circular economy and of heritage values, emphasising the need to maintain as much of the existing fabric as possible. This analysis is also based on various issues of site research and is followed by historic building case analysis.
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Hashemi-Najafabadi, Adel. "The Shi'i Concept of Imamate and Leadership in Contemporary Iran." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 40, no. 4 (September 14, 2011): 479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429811420408.
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The Imamate is one of the most important pillars in Twelver Shi’ism. However, its meaning has been greatly debated by religious modernists in recent years. In this article, the Iranian religious modernists' position on the concept of the Imamate, in contrast to the traditional view, is expounded. In addition, this work presents the major critical remarks of the religious modernists on the theory of Velayat-e Faqih (guardianship of the jurist), as an implementation of the concept of Imamate, which is in practice in contemporary Iran. L’Imamat est l’un des piliers les plus importants dans le chiisme duodécimain. Toutefois, sa signification a été grandement débattu par les modernistes religieux dans ces dernières années. Dans cet article, la position des modernistes religieux iraniens sur le concept de l’Imamat, contrairement à la vision traditionnelle, est exposée. En outre, cet ouvrage présente les remarques principales critiques des modernistes religieux sur la théorie du velayat-e faqih (la tutelle du juriste), comme une mise en œuvre du concept de l’Imamat, qui est en pratique dans l’Iran contemporain.
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Hill, Harvey. "Modernist Spirituality." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 42, no. 1 (January 4, 2013): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429812469893.
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At the beginning of the twentieth century, the biblical critic Alfred Loisy (1857–1940) advanced a reform agenda that had significant political and theological implications and that helped to define “Modernism.” Contemporary scholars have explored many facets of this reform agenda, but have not so far investigated Loisy’s ideas about ritual. Based on an analysis both of Loisy’s own religious practice and of his most important Modernist book, this article fills that gap. Loisy approached ritual, particularly the Eucharist, as an historian of religion with a growing interest in, and commitment to, comparative work. At the same time, Loisy celebrated the mystical and sacramental character of the Eucharist, its capacity to help Christians experience a genuine communion with God. This effort to combine critical history and Christian spirit, although imperfectly realized, defined Loisy’s Modernist spirituality.
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Howard-Pavlovich, Zeljka. "New urbanism: A new approach to the way America builds." Spatium, no. 9 (2003): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0309022h.
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New Urbanism has been characterized as the most important phenomenon to emerge in American architecture and planning since the Modernist movement. Like any movement promoting ideas that challenge long standing practices, New Urbanism has received its share of criticism. This article focuses on the positive aspects of these movements. It provides an overview of the movement and looks into the lessons that could be learned from the application of its ideas to the design and development of cities. Illustrative of many New Urbanism ideas are the efforts undertaken in Europe during the last decade of the twentieth century. The charter outlines a new vision of the spatial and physical form of the contemporary built environment promoted by New Urbanism and defines the principles and development policies that support that vision. Then, the Charter refers to regions as "fundamental economic unitas of the contemporary world" and calls for coordination of public policies, physical planning, and economic strategies to deal with this new reality. New Urbanism brings to fore the importance of an integrated approach to rectifying the problems of urban growth and to bring about change to the unsustainable pattern of the current urban landscape. It, also, asserts that the process for effecting changes in the urban structure and public policies should be based on developing close partnerships and cooperation among various disciplines, interest groups, and citizens. There is, also, an idea on Reaffirmation of the Traditional Urbanism principles that have guided design of cities for centuries. New Urbanism, of course, does not offer solutions to all ills of the American built environment, however, it has inspired significant changes in the approaches to planning and development.
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Maravic, Manojlo. "Social constructions of the concept of child art." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 46, no. 2 (2014): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi1402385m.
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This text is a theoretical paper based on the method of critical discourse analysis of child art. The paper is aimed at presenting the genesis of this concept in order to reexamine the hitherto approaches and to support the thesis that children?s art is a cultural construct by using the arguments based on a socio-cultural research platform. The defining of this concept will be critically reviewed and the conditions and procedures for proclaiming children?s drawing as art will be pointed out. Once childhood started to be observed as an important separate period of human life in pedagogy and psychology, there consequentially appeared the notions of the uniqueness of children?s drawings, children?s artistic development and child art as a separate category, which is at the same rung of the evolutionary ladder as the art of the ?primitive? peoples. The discourse on the child as an artist was formed in the fields of psychology, theory of art and artistic practice and started to spread in the 20th century. With the development of psychoanalysis it obtained its ideological connotations. Teachers, pedagogues, psychologists and artists construct a set of narratives and theories about child art that reflect humanistic values of free self-expression. The above-mentioned theories still serve as the basis for the development of school practice of art education in the contemporary education systems. Therefore, it is important to offer to art pedagogues the new theoretical approaches that re-examine the hitherto modernist ideas on children?s drawings in order to change their attitude towards practice.
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Hung, Jochen. "“Bad” Politics and “Good” Culture: New Approaches to the History of the Weimar Republic." Central European History 49, no. 3-4 (December 2016): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938916000625.
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More than thirty years ago, Eberhard Kolb commented that the vast wealth of research on the history of the Weimar Republic made it “difficult even for a specialist to give a full account of the relevant literature.” Since then, the flood of studies on Weimar Germany has not waned, and by now it is hard even to keep track of all the review articles meant to cut a swath through this abundance. Yet the prevailing historical image of the era has remained surprisingly stable: most historians have accepted the master narrative of the Weimar Republic as the sharp juxtaposition of “bad” politics and “good” culture, epitomized in the often-used image of “a dance on the edge of a volcano.” Kolb, for example, described “the sharp contrast between the gloomy political and economic conditions … and the unique wealth of artistic and intellectual achievement” as “typical of the Weimar era.” Detlev Peukert, arguably the most innovative scholar of Weimar history, criticized this historical image but, at the same time, declared this dichotomy “an integral feature of the era.” The latest example can be found in the work of Eric D. Weitz, who summarizes the fate of Weimar Germany as “the striving for something new and wonderful encountering absolute evil,” juxtaposing the “sparkling brilliance” of modernist masters like Bertolt Brecht, Thomas Mann, and Bruno Taut with “the plain hatred of democracy” of Weimar's right-wing extremists. This contrasting of politics and culture is a narrative device that only makes sense, however, from our contemporary vantage point of Western liberal democracy and from our understanding of progressive art. This retrospective interpretation is not in itself the problem—after all, historians can never really escape their own historical contexts. It becomes problematic, however, when it is treated not as an interpretation but as historical fact. Weimar Germans certainly would not have shared this narrative wholeheartedly: many would not have subscribed to the depiction of their time as a never-ending parade of political breakdowns and economic disasters. Even more would have rejected the view of the Berlin-based avant-garde as a sign of progressive achievement—if they had ever had the chance to see its representative works in the first place. The sharp distinction between “bad” Weimar politics and “good” Weimar culture not only fails to do justice to the way many of these Germans perceived their time but also keeps us from understanding how closely intertwined these two spheres were in the Weimar Republic. Thus, rather than giving an overview of the latest additions to Weimar historiography, this review essay looks at how recent publications have questioned—or conformed to—this dominant narrative.
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Perica, Blaženka. "Slika i antislika – Julije Knifer i problem prezentacije." Ars Adriatica 7, no. 1 (December 19, 2017): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.1386.
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The collection of texts Image and Anti-Image – Julije Knifer and the Problem of Representation is based on multi- and transdisciplinary research conducted by Croatian and international critics and theoreticians. They have investigated the contemporary sensibility for the questions of image and pictoriality by referring to a common starting point: the oeuvre of one of the most important Croatian artists – Julije Knifer. In their analysis of Knifer’s paintings since the early 1960s, which revolve around a single motif – the “meander” – which the artist has repeated and varied throughout his artistic career, the authors have followed the changing reception of his work from the supremacy of the high modernist image concept, such as postulated in Greenberg’s formalistic theory, until today, when theoretical proposals have become essentially different. In his introduction to the project, editor Krešimir Purgar has stressed the importance of new perspectives that Knifer’s work may offer if viewed in the context of new disciplines such as visual studies and image science. The 21 articles, grouped into five thematic sections, aim at clarifying and expanding the references of Knifer’s “meander” by taking diverse informative and original approaches that have this recent image theory as their starting point. In the context of Croatian scholarly output, this publication is notable for having accomplished a rare blend between monographic material and a series of interdisciplinary, scholarly-theoretical studies based on extremely varied perspectives, resulting in a valuable comparative miscellany, a contribution both to the actualisation and new positioning of Knifer’s art and to our insight into various analytic and interpretative approaches related to the present state of art theory. Such an approach assigns a special place to the image, to pictoriality and visuality. The theoretical perspectives of image science and the heterogeneous, plural strategies of research developed within the new image studies (image science, visual studies) assimilate and expand rather than replace the previously accepted methods, common in traditional theoretical approaches to the discipline of art history.
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Morris, Stephen D. "Exploring Mexican Images of the United States." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 105–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1052123.
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NAFTA, neoliberalism and even neoindigenismo in Chiapas have all challenged past perceptions of self and other in Mexico. Rooted in the postmodernist importance of the other in shaping identity, this essay explores themes in contemporary Mexican images of the United States-- Mexico's predominant other-- as found in written editorials and illustrations from the Mexican press during recent moments in Mexican-U. S. affairs. The discussion first maps out the theoretical setting, raising questions about the importance of Mexican perceptions of its northern neighbor and recent changes in those perceptions. These concerns are briefly incorporated into the modernist/postmodernist approaches. The essay then explores and interprets the major themes portrayed by the Mexican press during the period under review. Despite recent indications that Mexico has nurtured a new, more modern view of the United States, perceptions of the United States as power-hungry, hypocritical, and anti-Mexican still inform the public discourse. / El TLC, el neoliberalismo y también el neoindigenismo en Chiapas han retado a las recientes percepciones sobre el yo y el otro en México. A raíz de la importancia posmodernista del otro en la creación de la identidad nacional, el trabajo actual examina algunos aspectos de la imagen contemporánea que México sostiene de los Estados Unidos. Este ensayo se basa en un análisis de editoriales escritos e ilustraciones de la prensa mexicana durante un período reciente en la relación entre los dos países. Dividida en dos partes, la discusión empieza al ofrecer un marco teórico que subraya varias cuestiones sobre la importancia de las percepciones mexicanas de vecino del norte y los posibles cambios de éstas en los últimos años. Se incorporan entonces estos puntos, en forma breve, a los enfoques modernistas/posmodernistas. La segunda sección explora e interpreta los temas más sobresalientes de la prensa mexicana durante el período en cuestión. El trabajo muestra que a pesar de las recientes indicaciones que México ha desarrollado una imagen nueva, y más moderna de los EU, la percepción dominante caracteriza a Estados Unidos como un país con una insaliable hambre de poder, hipócrita y antimexicano.
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Osiński, Dawid. "Krasicki’s positivists and modernists." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 299, no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 165–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134918.
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The author of the article demonstrates the ways of functioning of the biography, intellectual thought and work of Ignacy Krasicki in the literature of the second half of the nineteenth century. References to the literary, ideological and biographical heritage of the poet by positivists and modernists reveal Krasicki’s importance to cul�ture and literature during the second half of the 19th century. The basic goal is to extract from different texts (poet’s biographies, portraits, profiles, studies, synthetic approaches as well as literature - poetry, novels, drama) written by writers, critics and historians of Polish literature, positivism and modernism of modes of references to the shape and heritage of the prince’s poets. The return of positivists and modernists to Krasicki means the possibility of diagnosing one’s own present, and also facilitates defining the identity of culture with its limitations and deficits
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Boehlke, Jerzy. "Methodological aspects of research done in contemporary enterprises in the light of disputes between Modernists and Post-Modernists." Business and Economic Horizons 1 (April 1, 2010): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15208/beh.2010.04.
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Robbe, Ksenia. "Reanimating/Resisting Late Soviet Monstrosity: Generational Self-Reflection and Lessons of Responsibility in Alexei Ivanov’s Pischeblok [The Food Unit]." European Journal of Life Writing 10 (July 9, 2021): RLS88—RLS111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/ejlw.10.37606.
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Remembering late socialism through child perspectives in (auto)fictional writing has been a prominent practice in contemporary Russian literature. In particular, the early 1980s focalized by young protagonists have become the subject of three recent novels, by Alexei Ivanov, Shamil’ Idiatullin and Alexander Arkhangelsky. This article closely examines one of these novels, Alexei Ivanov’s Pischeblok [The Food Unit] published in 2016, asking how it articulates the generation that was coming of age during the 1980s and considering the ethical implications of this articulation. The reading approaches this question by examining the genre characteristics of the novel which involve a tension between ‘generatiography’ and fantasy, and between the realist and post-post-modernist modes. It argues that this hybridity of genre and a metamodernist oscillation allow for creating a multilayered representation of the late Soviet as a space of improvisational possibilities involving play with petty monsters as well as of genuine monstrosity embodying the darker side of the Soviet. The article outlines the novel’s generational self-reflection which involves re-familiarizing the readers with the ideals that existed within socialism but were not realized by the generation which internalized state socialism’s monstrous side. At the same time, the return to the moment of struggling with this monstrosity creates an alternative turning point and the possibility of responsibility-taking.
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Laleg, Dominique. "Was (wenn überhaupt etwas) ist falsch an der Perspektive?" Zeitschrift für Ästhetik und Allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft Band 63. Heft 2 63, no. 2 (2019): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/1000108214.
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"Was (wenn überhaupt etwas) ist falsch an der Perspektive? Ausgehend von Erwin Panofskys Aufsatz Die Perspektive als ›symbolische Form‹ rekonstruiertder Beitrag, wie die moderne Kritik der Perspektive einer perspektivischenLogik verpflichtet bleibt. Auf der Basis eines differenzierten Begriffs von»Kritik« lassen sich dabei grundlegende Unterscheidungen treffen, nämlich zwischeneiner transzendenten und einer immanenten Kritik der Perspektive. AmBeispiel der Anamorphose als einer transzendenten Kritik der Perspektive und derMalerei der Gegenwartskünstlerin Rebecca H. Quaytman als einer immanentenKritik der Perspektive lassen sich diese zwei Weisen der Perspektivkritik systematischunterscheiden und veranschaulichen. Diese Unterscheidung dient dazu, dieBedeutung der Perspektive in der ästhetischen Moderne zu überdenken, denn sieerlaubt es, die Zusammenhänge zwischen modernistischen Paradigmen der Selbstkritikund der perspektivischen Bildform neu zu konzipieren. Die Perspektive hältKapazitäten zur Reflexion und Selbstkritik bereit, deren Explikation im Momentder perspektivischen Form und Formatierung des Bildes und seines Bildträgerszum Tragen kommt. Based on Erwin Panofsky’s »Perspective as a ›Symbolic Form‹« this article delineates howthe modern critique of perspective still remains committed to a perspectival logic. A nuancedconcept of ›critique‹ allows us to distinguish between a transcendent and an immanent critiqueof perspective. To systematically distinguish and illustrate these two approaches to criticize perspective,I want to examine two examples: Anamorphosis exemplifies a transcendental critiqueof perspective, while the paintings of contemporary artist Rebecca H. Quaytman represent animmanent critique of perspective. Perspective’s significance in aesthetic modernism can be rethoughtthrough this distinction as it can be utilized to re-conceptualize the relations between modernistic paradigms of self-critique and perspectival pictorial form. Perspective potentially contains in itself the possibilities for reflection and self-critique; through perspectival form and formatting of the picture and its material support. Dominique Laleg Was (wenn überhaupt etwas) ist falsch an der Perspektive? Ausgehend von Erwin Panofskys Aufsatz Die Perspektive als ›symbolische Form‹ rekonstruiertder Beitrag, wie die moderne Kritik der Perspektive einer perspektivischenLogik verpflichtet bleibt. Auf der Basis eines differenzierten Begriffs von»Kritik« lassen sich dabei grundlegende Unterscheidungen treffen, nämlich zwischeneiner transzendenten und einer immanenten Kritik der Perspektive. AmBeispiel der Anamorphose als einer transzendenten Kritik der Perspektive und derMalerei der Gegenwartskünstlerin Rebecca H. Quaytman als einer immanentenKritik der Perspektive lassen sich diese zwei Weisen der Perspektivkritik systematischunterscheiden und veranschaulichen. Diese Unterscheidung dient dazu, dieBedeutung der Perspektive in der ästhetischen Moderne zu überdenken, denn sieerlaubt es, die Zusammenhänge zwischen modernistischen Paradigmen der Selbstkritikund der perspektivischen Bildform neu zu konzipieren. Die Perspektive hältKapazitäten zur Reflexion und Selbstkritik bereit, deren Explikation im Momentder perspektivischen Form und Formatierung des Bildes und seines Bildträgerszum Tragen kommt. Based on Erwin Panofsky’s »Perspective as a ›Symbolic Form‹« this article delineates howthe modern critique of perspective still remains committed to a perspectival logic. A nuancedconcept of ›critique‹ allows us to distinguish between a transcendent and an immanent critiqueof perspective. To systematically distinguish and illustrate these two approaches to criticize perspective,I want to examine two examples: Anamorphosis exemplifies a transcendental critiqueof perspective, while the paintings of contemporary artist Rebecca H. Quaytman represent animmanent critique of perspective. Perspective’s significance in aesthetic modernism can be rethoughtthrough this distinction as it can be utilized to re-conceptualize the relations between modernistic paradigms of self-critique and perspectival pictorial form. Perspective potentially contains in itself the possibilities for reflection and self-critique; through perspectival form and formatting of the picture and its material support. "
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Dworakowska, Katarzyna. "Idee Fryderyka Nietzschego w polskiej myśli o wychowaniu w latach 1883–1939." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 25 (March 6, 2019): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2009.25.2.
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The article discusses outstanding interpretations of the works by F. Nietzsche as represented in Polish educational thought during the “Young Poland” period and the following interwar period. The study aims at elucidating the pedagogical dimensions of Nietsche’s idea in the interpretation of the two periods and at identifying the space within which the concept of the author of Thus spake Zarathustra still remains topical and current. The section devoted to the “Young Poland” period includes an analysis of Jan Kurnatowski’s book Nietsche. Studia i tłumaczenia [Nietzsche. Studies and translations], the one and only work of the period that extracts from the output of the German thinker its strictly pedagogical reflections. The next issue to be presented is a discussion on the journalistic writing that was engaged inNietzschean themes that would be of interest to the present-day pedagogy of culture. Interpretation trends that aimed to discover a universal remedy for the crisis in culture and humanity in the works of the author of Untimely Meditations turned out to be dominant at the time. An approach to the interpretation of Nietzsche’s thought in a wide context of social and cultural interactions made it possible to conclude that the category of Bildungsphilister, castigated by the philosopher, reaches much further beyond just criticism of the contemporary model of education due to the tenability of the notion of Bildumg as the accumulation of cultural capital as it was viewed by Pierre Bourideu. In conclusion of the discussion on the modernist period, the author presents postulations that indicate a need for a shift in the reception emphasis towards directions hitherto unexplored. The section devoted to the interwar period presents the interpretation of the pedagogical thought of Nietzsche presented at the inauguration lecture (on the occasion of Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski’s acceptance of the chair of pedagogy at Wolna Wszechnica Polska [Free Polish University]) delivered by the professor. The presentation is followed by a discussion on the different approaches presented in various pedagogical encyclopaedias and in Ludwik Chamaj’s Kieruki i prądy pedagogiki współczesnej [Trends and directions in modern pedagogy]. The latter approaches present Nietzsche as an instigator and a prime mover in contemporary intellectual currents and trends and discuss his influence upon individual philosophers, extracting from his philosophical output the notions of “individualism”, “criticism of the traditional educational system” and “irrationalism”. The journalistic writings under investigation fit well into this particular interpretative trend. The discussion on the interwar period is complemented with a reference to a booklet written by Stanisław Besser and entitled: Bohaterowie myśli. Nietsche i Weininger [Heroes of Thought. Nietzsche and Weininger] and an analysis of the article written by Marian Wachowski Wspomnienia z pism pedagogicznych Nietzschego i Grundtviga [Pedagogical reflections in the writings of Nietzsche and Grundtvig], being the only Polish contribution to the discussion on the series of lectures by Nietzsche Ueber die Zukunft unserer Bildungsanstalten
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Sunter, Andrew F. "TWAIL as Naturalized Epistemological Inquiry." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 20, no. 2 (July 2007): 475–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s084182090000429x.
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Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) scholarship provides a trenchant critique of the contemporary international law regime, using concrete historical and cultural evidence to demonstrate that the central doctrines of international law are highly Eurocentric and, therefore, not representative of the values and beliefs of a large portion of the world’s population. Nevertheless, there is almost no recognition of TWAIL’s intellectual contribution in mainstream international law scholarship. It is only in rare cases that mainstream scholars make the effort to directly respond to Twailian critiques. And in these rare cases, TWAIL is positioned as just another “radically critical” post-modern approach to international law. The marginalization of TWAIL scholarship is frustratingly counterproductive, as recent developments in the international order offer unparalleled challenges for populations in the South. Further, Southern perspectives are conspicuously absent from the mainstream international law discourse. TWAIL seeks to represent marginalized world-views and incorporate them into this discourse. My project is to reinterpret the insights of TWAIL so as to make them more palatable to mainstream scholars with modernist theoretical commitments. I will argue that many TWAIL scholars should be understood to subscribe to the same methodological commitments as “naturalized epistemologists” because they are interested in the causes of belief-claims, prioritizing an etiological examination of international law doctrine and scholarship over substantive analytical critique. More specifically, TWAIL promotes a suspicious stance towards belief-claims that have problematic, hidden, and/or misrepresented foundations. I will conclude that TWAIL’s critique of international law is most reminiscent of a “hermeneutics of suspicion,” which is the interpretive approach famously embraced by Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud. Such an approach, while undeniably critical, falls squarely within the modernist philosophical tradition. According to TWAIL, practitioners and scholars of international law should engage in self-reflection and critically examine the epistemological foundations of their beliefs and doctrinal claims. If such practitioners and scholars agree that international law should be based on intellectual and moral commitments that reflect its global subject matter and not just its European history, then there is significant space for the insights of TWAIL in mainstream scholarship.
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Islam, M. Saiful. "Conceptualizing Development and Underdevelopment: From Classical Modernization to Contemporary Post-Development Discourse." Journal of Asian Development 4, no. 2 (October 14, 2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jad.v4i2.13463.
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Development, as an ideology and practice, has been a matter of much contestation since its inception at the enlightened period. The way development has been understood, explained and practiced has undergone various experiments and directions over the time. Yet, what development is theoretically and what it should be in practice remains as contested and vague. This article is an attempt to examine the trajectory of development from its origin in the classical modernization to the more contemporary neo-liberal and post-development discourses. It is argued that the way development has been propagated by the modernists as economic growth and positive change has been vehemently challenged by the post-modernists on the ground that development is not only hegemonic, authoritative and dependency creating mechanism that routinely fails and but also produces unintended consequences on the lives of the people. Thus, there has been a growing realization that development needs to be rethought in a way that would promote an alternative development or even an alternative to development. Such a shift in perspectives and continuing deliberations on development has given rise to the question whether development has reached an impasse which needs to be pushed forward. By reviewing the existing literature, this article aims at unfolding the dynamic trajectory of development both as theory and practice, and argues that development is and continues to be an interesting and stimulating topic in social sciences given its vibrant engagement with and implications on various stakeholders both at the global and local contexts.
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Kohlmann, Benjamin. "Proletarian Modernism: Film, Literature, Theory." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 134, no. 5 (October 2019): 1056–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2019.134.5.1056.
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This article identifies a body of work—films, literary texts, and theories of the aesthetic—that can help us reopen the question of what it means for an artwork to project a vision of classlessness. The article begins by focusing on early-twentieth-century proletarian modernism, in particular in the cinematic work of Sergey Eisenstein and in British literary works that repurposed Woolfian and Joycean styles during the later interwar years. Proletarian modernism, I argue, highlights an alternative route taken by modernist literature and art: unlike the late modernists feted in much recent scholarship, proletarian modernists aimed to retool modernism, opening up new and global political futures for it rather than anticipating its end. The article concludes by showing that the cultural genealogy of proletarian modernism mapped out here doubles as a prehistory of contemporary aesthetic theory: it enables us to recognize the significant political and theoretical erasures that structure recent accounts of art's democratic potential.
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Hanoli, Votim. "National Identity and the “Great Divide” between Two Theories. Where Does the Albanian National Identity Take Part." European Journal of Language and Literature 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v2i1.p31-35.
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According to Tom Nairn, the reason why the dispute between modernists and primordialists is not resolved is because it is irresolvable. This is because the two approaches place different emphases on different aspects of identity formation. Nairn described the debate between Anthony Smith and Ernest Gellner, as a courteous difference of emphasis. Hence, the old presuppositions of modernism are losing their hold, but no one is quite sure what new ones will replace them. The great debate in nationalism’ studies, is one between so-called “primordialists” and “modernists”. Put simply, primordialists argue that the nation derives directly from a priori ethnic groups and is based on kinship ties and ancient heritage. For their part, modernists insist that the nation is an entirely novel form of identity and political organization, which owes nothing to ethnic heritage and everything to the modernism, and the scoope of the debate between them, fail to offer a satisfactory account of the formation of national identity. In this context we need to see where the Albanian national identity takes part. This paper seeks to show how it reacted to the waves of social transition? Where it finds itself and what connects it with globalisation?
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Ali, Muhammad Mumtaz. "Modernity vis-à-vis Islam: An Analysis of Western and Muslim Scholars’ Views." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 8, no. 2 (February 17, 2012): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v8i2.311.
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It is claimed by some scholars that Islam and modernity are compatible. Helena Kaler and John Voll hold that Muslim reformists, modernists and liberalists have accepted a good number of ideas of modernity. In fact, the Islamic scholars in the revivalist movement tradition have triggered debate to rethink ideological premises of modernity without rejecting science and technology. The debate generated by contemporary Islamic scholars should not be mistaken as anti-civilizational move; it should rather be seen within the context of plurality of discourses for civilizational development. This paper represents a critique of the views of Helena Kaler and John Voll and analysis of some contemporary Islamic scholars’ opinions on the origin and development of science.
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Osborne, Toby. "Whither Diplomatic History? An Early-Modern Historian’s Perspective." Diplomatica 1, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25891774-00101007.
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Abstract Early modernists have been among the most early and active contributors to the establishment of New Diplomatic History. How has their work affected that on other periods, and how might it continue to do so? How have such extensive histories written during the past decade reframed a wider understanding of the European state system that did so much to establish modern diplomacy? And how might such an understanding be relevant to modern, even contemporary, historians, as well as to other scholars?
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R., R., and Anthony Mortimer. "Contemporary Approaches to Narrative." Poetics Today 6, no. 3 (1985): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1771925.
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Charette, Jane L. "Contemporary Approaches of Chemotherapy." Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America 7, no. 1 (March 1995): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5885(18)30431-3.
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Kolpakova, Marianna. "Moral Development: Contemporary Approaches." St.Tikhons' University Review. Series IV. Pedagogy. Psychology 43, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturiv201643.91-102.
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Kraybill, William G., and Raphael E. Pollock. "Contemporary approaches to sarcoma." Journal of Surgical Oncology 111, no. 5 (March 23, 2015): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jso.23875.
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Al-Jarbou, Ayoub. "The Role of Traditionalists and Modernists on the Development of the Saudi Legal System." Arab Law Quarterly 21, no. 3 (2007): 191–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/026805507x226827.
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This article deals with the issue of the role of traditionalists and modernists on the development of the Saudi legal system. It presents and defines the two movements and evaluates their backgrounds and approaches. It also explores their impacts on the development of the Saudi legal system through evaluating their approaches on the following areas: legislative process, people's perspective toward applied laws, the judicial system, and legal education. The article concludes that it is clear from this evidentiary demonstration that the development of the Saudi legal system has been affected by the concurrent influences of traditionalist and modernist movements. The substance of enacted laws, legal education, the judicial systems, and people's attitude toward both Shariah and enacted laws has been negatively affected by the approaches of both movements. The paper provides for various approaches and solutions that address the problems of the system of legal education, judicial system, and legislative process. The paper suggests that these various approaches and solutions have to be adopted jointly; otherwise the confusion in the legal system will continue.
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Schmidt, Volker H. "Modernity and diversity: reflections on the controversy between modernization theory and multiple modernists." Social Science Information 49, no. 4 (December 2010): 511–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018410376882.
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The article revisits modernization theory’s convergence claim, which has been strongly criticized by multiple modernists, who maintain that emerging realities have not borne out its underlying premises. Based on a thorough reading of classical texts, the article reconstructs the term’s meaning within a modernization-theoretical frame of reference and then considers the evidence that multiple modernists hold against it. It finds that none of the observations cited by leading multiple modernists are able to challenge modernization theory, which can easily accommodate the kinds of difference invoked by its critics. East-Asian modernity in particular, to which both sides assign special weight for any test of modernization theory, appears remarkably similar to Western modernity when viewed through the lenses of this theory. At the same time, the literature on multiple modernities, despite pleading to take difference seriously, is silent about differences that large parts of the less-developed world exhibit vis-a-vis the West and East Asia in social-structural and cultural respects, indicating different degrees of modernization. The article concludes with a brief note on the differential weight of different kinds of diversity for different reference problems and a suggestion for a constructive resolution of the conflict between the two approaches.
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Michl, Jan. "A CASE AGAINST THE MODERNIST REGIME IN DESIGN EDUCATION." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 8, no. 2 (July 12, 2014): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v8i2.408.
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The article argues that the present dominance of the modernist design idiom, and the general aesthetic inferiority of existing non-modernist stylistic alternatives, is a consequence of the fact that design schools have for decades banished non-modernist visual idioms from their curricula. The author discusses original arguments for the single-style / single taste modernist regime of contemporary design schools, and contends that the modernist vision of a single unified style, which prompted the banishment, was rooted in a backward-looking effort to imitate the aesthetic unity of pre-industrial, aristocratic epochs. Against the received view of modernism as an expression of modernity, the author argues that the modernists were, on the contrary, intent on suppressing the key novel feature of the modern time: its pluralism in general and its aesthetic diversity in particular. It is further asserted that the design philosophy behind the modernist regime was largely self-serving, aimed at securing the modernists an educational and aesthetic monopoly. The author pleads for transforming the modernist design education into a modern one, where a pluralism of aesthetic idioms and positions replaces the current one-style-fits-all approach.