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Journal articles on the topic 'Contemporary Egyptian literature'
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1
Southerland, Ellease. "Egyptian Symbols and Contemporary Black Literature." Black Scholar 19, no. 4-5 (July 1988): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00064246.1988.11412831.
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Hakim, Luqman Al, and Moh Abdulloh Hilmi. "Contemporary Islamic Political Dynamics Arabic Republic of Egypt." AJIS: Academic Journal of Islamic Studies 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/ajis.v7i1.4292.
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This article aims to describe the dynamics and contestation of Egyptian Islamic politics. The Islamic political movement carried out by a group of people in Egypt has changed the streets of existing democracy with the emergence of coups and assassinations that occurred in the Anwar Sadat era. It was a form of turmoil that occurred. This condition continued until the emergence of the Arab Spring in 2011. From all the dimensions that exist in Egypt, the root of all the turmoil is the unresolved religious and political problems that have made Egypt transform into a stagnant country until now. This study also shows that there is a transformation of Egyptian radicalism that has penetrated in all lines which hinders the progress of Egyptian democracy in which the mosques and campuses are used as the basis of radicalism so that they can influence the public's interest. This research is also supported by literature sources from books, journals, and comprehensive research. As for the results obtained from this article, namely the emergence of identity politics that occurred in Egypt due to the emergence of radical Islam, which had a major influence on Egyptian society, then the emergence of an authoritarian military system gave dissatisfaction to the Egyptian people in living as a state, resulting in destabilization between the democratic system and society globally
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Gadomski, Sebastian. "Scientific Narratives in Contemporary Egyptian Pocket Novel Series." Świat i Słowo 36, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7968.
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Popular literature occupies a significant part of the publishing market in Egypt and has had quite a large group of admirers for many decades. It is noteworthy that, in this sector, the series of Egyptian pocket stories published by the Modern Arab Association occupy a special position. It should be noted that the authors of the stories are heavily inspired by the latest scientific discoveries in many fields. In their works, medical facts, advanced technologies and genetic engineering not only set the background for the adventures of the characters, but are often the key elements of the plot and literary composition, as shown in this article.
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El Sibaei, Bachir. "Georges Henein." Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art 2021, no. 49 (November 1, 2021): 82–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10757163-9435695.
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Georges Henein was an important pioneer of modernism in Egypt, who played a critical role in the cultural and artistic movement of the country, despite critics who tried to distance him from contemporary Egyptian thought under the guise that he was a Francophone writer. This research presents Henein’s contribution to the historical, cultural, and national Egyptian trajectory, using some translated excerpts from his writings. The surrealist adventure Henein launched in Egypt was an important modernizing event in contemporary Egyptian culture. Although the influence of surrealist visions on Arabic literature was limited, the impact of these visions on the Francophone literature in Egypt was significant and evident in the work of poets such as Munīr Hāfez, Walid Munir, Horus Shenouda, Edmond Jabès, Mary Kavadia, and Joyce Mansour. In the field of fine arts, the impact of surrealism produced clear and essential modernist trends that have become characteristic of these arts.
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Bakker, Barbara. "Egyptian Dystopias of the 21st Century." Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 21 (October 23, 2021): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jais.9151.
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During the first two decades of the 21st century an increasing amount of narratives termed as Arabic dystopian fiction appeared on the Arabic literary scene, with a greater part authored by Egyptian writers. However, what characterises/marks a work as a dystopia? This paper investigates the dystopian nature of a selection of Egyptian literary works within the frame of the dystopian narrative tradition. The article begins by introducing the features of the traditional literary dystopias as they will be used in the analysis. It then gives a brief overview of the development of the genre in the Arabic literature. The discussion that follows highlights common elements and identifies specific themes in six Egyptian novels selected for the analysis, thereby highlighting differences and similarities between them and the traditional Western dystopias. The article calls for a categorisation of Arabic dystopian narrative that takes into consideration social, political, historical and cultural factors specific for the Arabic in general, and Egyptian in particular, literary field.
Keywords: Arabic literature, dystopia, dystopian literature, contemporary literature, Egypt, fiction, speculative fiction.
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Berger, Maurits. "PUBLIC POLICY AND ISLAMIC LAW: THE MODERN DHIMMĪ IN CONTEMPORARY EGYPTIAN FAMILY LAW." Islamic Law and Society 8, no. 1 (2001): 88–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851901753129683.
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AbstractEgyptian law has maintained the Islamic system of interreligious law in which the Muslim, Christian and Jewish communities are governed by their own courts and their own laws. In the course of the twentieth century, however, these separate courts were abolished and the application of non-Muslim laws was restricted to matters of marriage and divorce, and then only if the non-Muslim spouses share the rite and sect of the same religion. In all other cases Islamic law applies. In addition, non-Muslim laws may not be applied if they violate Egyptian "public policy", a European concept which refers to the fundamentals of a national legal order. Egyptian public policy can be defined as those principles which are essential in Islamic law. In this article I analyse the status of the non-Muslim Egyptian in contemporary personal status law, based on Egyptian case law and legal literature. The concept of public policy plays a key role in understanding the mechanics of interreligious law in Egypt. I will argue that public policy serves as a legal barometer of the coexistence between Muslim and non-Muslim communities in Egypt.
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Mzoughi, Imen. "On the Aesthetics of Humor in Contemporary Egyptian Fiction." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 7, no. 1 (February 24, 2023): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol7no1.18.
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Although literature and humor are two distinct areas, they complete each other. Indeed, this paper aims to examine the use of humor as a tool of resistance and subversion in contemporary Middle Eastern fiction in Egyptian novelist Hamdi Abu Golayyel’s al-Fāʿil (2008) and Luṣūṣ mutaqāʿidūn (2002). In particular, this paper strives to re-evaluate the main elements of humor such as satire, puns and quibbles. It highlights their use on thematic, stylistic and meta-narrative levels to better accentuate the experience of the characters and the re-emergence of all that has been repressed. Having adopted a structuralist approach to elucidate the intersection of humorous and subversive characteristics in the personality of abject characters, the textual analysis looks at the narratives’ strategies and the constructions of the protagonists. This study also examines how humor interacts with the stories’ main narrative threads and how it is generated by the textual structure, the characters and the deliberate use of Bedouin accent. More importantly, this study identifies the psychological and social functions of Egyptian humor asserting the need for adopting cross-cultural poetics when dealing with humor.
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Booth, Marilyn. "Beneath Lies the Rock: Contemporary Egyptian Poetry and the Common Tongue." World Literature Today 75, no. 2 (2001): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40156525.
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Winegar, Jessica. "LILIANE KARNOUK, Contemporary Egyptian Art (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1995). Pp. 137." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 2 (May 2000): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800002440.
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Studies of contemporary visual art in the Middle East are scarce compared with the vast literature on historical Islamic arts. In the past ten years, however, several notable books and articles have featured this important but under-recognized realm of visual culture in the region. These recent works often examine the ways in which art reflects social trends such as nationalism and struggles for religious identity. Karnouk's book is a worthy introduction to the world of contemporary art in Egypt, and is the first major English-language book of its kind on the subject (see also Wijdan Ali, Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity [Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1997]). Contemporary Egyptian Art is a sequel to Karnouk's earlier Modern Egyptian Art: The Emergence of a National Style (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1988), in which she outlined the prominent artists and styles of the first half-century of the modern art movement within the context of Egyptian nationalism. This recent book picks up from the 1952 revolution and presents the major trends in art since that time while offering possible socio-political explanations for these trends.
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Patmore, Hector. ""The plain and literal sense": on contemporary assumptions about the Song of Songs." Vetus Testamentum 56, no. 2 (2006): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853306776907511.
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AbstractThis paper challenges the dominant contemporary understanding of the Song of Songs. First, M. V. Fox's thesis, The Song of Songs and the Ancient Egyptian Love Songs, is tackled and found to be lacking: significant difference between the Egyptian songs and Canticles are identified, and weaknesses in the apparent similarities are observed. The categories Fox uses to demonstrate the influence of the Egyptian songs on Canticles are then applied Middle English courtly love lyrics, Shakespeare and Robert Burns and are show to be too generic to be meaningful. Secondly, I briefly outline some of the problems raised by a secular-sexual reading of Canticles and contemporary responses to these problems. Finally, I respond to the questions, What is wrong with a secular-sexual understanding of Canticles if that is the plain sense of it? And expose some of the assumptions that underlie a "plain sense" reading of Canticles.
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Heshmat, Dina. "Representing contemporary urban space: Cairo malls in two Egyptian novels." Arabica 58, no. 6 (2011): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005811x587921.
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Abstract Taking into account the expansion of malls as a constitutive element of Egyptian urbanism at the beginning of the twenty-first century, this article analyzes the representation of the mall in two contemporary Egyptian novels. A close reading of Mūsīqā l-mūl by Maḥmūd al-Wardānī and An takūna ʿAbbās al-ʿAbd, by Aḥmad al-ʿĀydī shows that the function of intertextuality in those narratives is central to understand this representation, as well as the sense of alienation or belonging to the contemporary urban space it conveys. Al-Wardānī constructs his novel through intertextuality with a classical Arabic text, contrasting the contemporary space of the mall with the ideal bazaar of a One Thousand and One Nights tale (al-ḥammāl maʿa l-banāt), mapping the latter out as an utopian space versus the hostile, anti-erotic and despotic atmosphere of the mall. Al-ʿĀydī’s approach places the mall at the center of global consumer culture, a space of encounter and refuge, away from the aggressive street environment.
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Hashem, Mohamed Elarabawy, Sukron Kamil, and Abdulfattah Omar. "The Symbolic Dimension of Mahfouz’s Novel, al-Ṭarīq, The Search (1964): From the Symbol of God/Spirituality to Social Problems." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 8 (October 7, 2022): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n8p142.
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This article intends to examine whether al-Ṭarīq's novel, The Search is a philosophical symbolic novel, especially whether it contains symbols of God/spirituality and social symbols of contemporary Egyptian problems. The article builds on a qualitative research method based on a literature review and Roland Barthes' semiotic theory. The novel is also studied based on other scientific literature studies, not only literary, but religious and social. The article finds that al-Ṭarīq's novel, The Search is Mahfouz's philosophical symbolic novel. Saber's father figure is a symbol of God/spirituality, with much evidence in the novel that shows this. Among them, in Arabic, God is called sayyed, the name of Saber's father; moreover his father's name is Sayyed, which means the lord of the lords, and his last name is ar-Rahi>mi>, the name of God, meaning Most Merciful. In addition, the novel reflects/on and symbolizes Egypt's social problems, both politically, economically, and culturally. Saber, among other things, reflects a corrupt Egyptian character raised by his pimp mother and Karimah, the woman he loves who exploits Saber's innocence to do evil (kill), a symbol of Western colonialism and other local influences, the power of local capitalism and complicated bureaucracy. Other elements explored in the novel include contemporary Egyptian psychological problems, represented in dream material, and figures who have divided personalities.
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Tadros, Mariz. "VICISSITUDES IN THE ENTENTE BETWEEN THE COPTIC ORTHODOX CHURCH AND THE STATE IN EGYPT (1952–2007)." International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 2 (May 2009): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809090667.
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Although some contemporary Egyptian studies have broached aspects of the relationship between the Coptic Orthodox Church and the regime, few have examined developments in the political rapport between the two in the last decade. Important studies have touched on the relationship between the state and church during Nasser's regime, the Sadat years, and the early years of the Mubarak regime, up to the first half of the 1990s. However, there is a paucity of literature on the relationship between the Coptic church and the Egyptian state in the past ten years, a lacuna that this study addresses.
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Toelle, Heidi. "Minorities in the Contemporary Egyptian Novel, written by Mary Youssef." Arabica 68, no. 2-3 (July 26, 2021): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341595.
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Galán, José M. "Bullfight Scenes in Ancient Egyptian Tombs." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 80, no. 1 (December 1994): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339408000107.
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Fights between two bulls began to be represented on the walls of local chiefs' tombs in the Sixth Dynasty and lasted until the reign of Thutmosis III, in the Eighteenth Dynasty. The scene has been regarded as one of ‘daily life’. However, its symbolic character is suggested by its context and by contemporary religious-funerary texts, and this explains its incorporation into the tomb iconographic repertoire. The deceased is identified with a bull, leader of its herd, when he is forced to defend his status as regional social leader (on earth), which is questioned by the challenge of another leader. The deceased, by overcoming his opponent, is enabled to claim his right to maintain his leadership in the Netherworld. This symbolism of the bullfight was also mobilized in literature and in royal inscriptions.
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Elham Ələkbərova, Xumar. "Socio-political realities of the XXI century in Egyptian "Taxi talks"." SCIENTIFIC WORK 77, no. 4 (April 17, 2022): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/77/32-36.
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Misirli yazıçı Xalid Əl-Xəmisi 27 sentyabr 1962-ci ildə anadan olub. 2006-cı ildə işıq üzü görmüş “Taksi” əsəri ilə şöhrət qazanıb. Əsərdə XXI əsr Misir reallıqları yoxsul insanların, sıravi vətəndaşların fikirləri ilə təsvir olunub. Müəllif rastlaşdığı ayrı-ayrı taksi sürücülərinin dili ilə oxucunu müasir Qahirə və Misir həqiqətləri ilə tanış edir. Açar sözlər: Əl-Xəmisi, Əl-Asuani, Misir, taksi, ərəb ədəbiyyatı, Misir inqilabı Khumar Elqam Alakbarova Socio-political realities of the XXI century in Egyptian "Taxi talks" Abstract Egyptian writer Khalid al-Khamisi was born on September 27, 1962. He became famous for his work "Taxi", which was published in 2006. The book is dedicated "to the life that lives in the words of poor people. Taxi is about urban sociology in the Egyptian capital through the voices of taxi drivers. The author recounts the stories of different taxi drivers he encounters and offers some insight into contemporary Cairo and Egypt. Keyw ords: Al-Khamisi, Al Aswany, Egypt, Taxi, Arabic literature, Egyptian revolution
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Akhavi, Shahrough. "The Dialectic in Contemporary Egyptian Social Thought: The Scripturalist and Modernist Discourses of Sayyid Qutb and Hasan Hanafi." International Journal of Middle East Studies 29, no. 3 (August 1997): 377–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800064825.
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One of the most important arenas of the ferment in contemporary Arab social thought is Egypt. Egyptian writers have been contributing to a rapidly growing body of literature on state and society. Its themes include methodological issues, the nature of the ideal Islamic society; the elite–mass gap; the state's role in public life; the appropriate model for socioeconomic development; and the social bases of Islamist movements.
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Soshnikov, A. A. "ESSAY: EGYPTOLOGICAL THEME IN THE WORKS OF THE LESIA UKRAINKA." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 2(9) (2021): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2021.2(9).19.
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Dedicated to the problem of modeling the image of Ancient Egypt in the work of Lesya Ukrainka as one of the popular areas of interests of intellectuals of the 19th – early 20th centuries. It was determined that the formation of this image is the result of her solid Egyptological knowledge, formed both through acquaintance with contemporary scientific oriental and Egyptological literature, and through direct study of the ancient Egyptian cultural heritage during her stay in Egypt and visiting its museums and ancient monuments. It is emphasized that the Egyptian essays by Lesia Ukrainka became the first attempt of Ukrainian orientalism to organize knowledge about the East on a Ukrainian mental basis. It is emphasized that the poetry of Lesya Ukrainka on Egyptian themes is the original artistic expression of her "History of the Eastern Peoples", in fact, the views expressed in it on the peculiarities of the development of ancient civilizations
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Kesseiba, Karim. "Re-Questioning Green Architecture in Egypt: A Need, a Movement or a Style?" European Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (August 25, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss-2019.v2i3-72.
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Green architecture is considered the contemporary architectural paradigm. Amid threats of the lack of non-renewable energy, the calls for environmental sustainability and sustainable development, being ‘green’ is becoming an aspiration as well as a threat for many architects. Architects to a wide extent are required to adopt one sort of being ‘green’ in their contemporary additions to the built environment. However, very limited differentiations are subjected to the difference between ‘sustainable architecture’, ‘environmentally-friendly architecture’, and ‘green architecture’. This is one side of the debate; however, the most important side is, whether this new trend in contemporary Egyptian architecture is a need, a movement, or merely a style. The other important query is whether ‘sustainable architecture’ is becoming a commodity to fulfill international claims regardless of how it is implemented. In order to answer those questions, the paper first presents the differences between notions of ‘green architecture’, ‘sustainable architecture’ and ‘environmentally-friendly architecture’ and based on literature review as well as observations from international precedents. Afterwards, those three notions are explored and analyzed in the Egyptian context to understand where precisely the claimed sustainable or environmentally friendly buildings in Egypt stand in relation to the outcomes of the literature review. Finally, the need for following those notions in Egypt are re-questioned, in order to explore whether the claims for sustainability are becoming a commodity, especially in the shadows of the misuse of previously discussed slogans.
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Kesseiba, Karim. "Re-Questioning Green Architecture in Egypt: A Need, a Movement or a Style?" European Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (August 25, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss.v2i3.p12-29.
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Green architecture is considered the contemporary architectural paradigm. Amid threats of the lack of non-renewable energy, the calls for environmental sustainability and sustainable development, being ‘green’ is becoming an aspiration as well as a threat for many architects. Architects to a wide extent are required to adopt one sort of being ‘green’ in their contemporary additions to the built environment. However, very limited differentiations are subjected to the difference between ‘sustainable architecture’, ‘environmentally-friendly architecture’, and ‘green architecture’. This is one side of the debate; however, the most important side is, whether this new trend in contemporary Egyptian architecture is a need, a movement, or merely a style. The other important query is whether ‘sustainable architecture’ is becoming a commodity to fulfill international claims regardless of how it is implemented. In order to answer those questions, the paper first presents the differences between notions of ‘green architecture’, ‘sustainable architecture’ and ‘environmentally-friendly architecture’ and based on literature review as well as observations from international precedents. Afterwards, those three notions are explored and analyzed in the Egyptian context to understand where precisely the claimed sustainable or environmentally friendly buildings in Egypt stand in relation to the outcomes of the literature review. Finally, the need for following those notions in Egypt are re-questioned, in order to explore whether the claims for sustainability are becoming a commodity, especially in the shadows of the misuse of previously discussed slogans.
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Rapoport, Yossef. "Matrimonial Gifts In Early Islamic Egypt." Islamic Law and Society 7, no. 1 (2000): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851900507553.
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AbstractThe mahr or sadāq is the only marriage gift required under Islamic law. But Islamic law did not necessarily determine actual marriage settlements, even in early Muslim societies. In this essay, I compare the early Islamic legal literature with the pattern of matrimonial gifts recorded in marriage contracts and divorce deeds preserved from early Islamic Egypt. In marriage settlements recorded in the papyri, the groom gave a sadāq that was divided into advance and deferred portions, and brides brought to the marriage a counterpart dowry (jihāz or shiwār). These marriage settlements, which were common to Muslims, Copts and Jews, resembled the Egyptian marriage settlements of late antiquity. The Islamic legal literature preserves the objections of contemporary jurists, including Mālik, to these Egyptian practices, which they initially regarded as an objectionable innovation. Eventually, the local traditions were incorporated, albeit with modifications, into the legal discourse.
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Miccoli, Dario. "ANOTHER HISTORY: FAMILY, NATION AND THE REMEMBRANCE OF THE EGYPTIAN JEWISH PAST IN CONTEMPORARY ISRAELI LITERATURE." Journal of Modern Jewish Studies 13, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725886.2014.950124.
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Nasser, Deema. "Gendered Voices of Youth and Tahrir in Ahdaf Soueif’s Cairo: My City, Our Revolution." Kohl: A Journal for Body and Gender Research 2, Winter (December 1, 2016): 228–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36583/2016020214.
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This essay is a critical reading of feminist representations of voice and nation in Ahdaf Soueif’s political memoir Cairo: My City, Our Revolution (2012) which critiques its attentiveness to both gender-inflected and family-oriented imagery. Relying on major theoretical works on autobiography and Egyptian feminism, and critical reflections of Egyptian women’s writing and the 2011 Tahrir Revolution, this essay situates Soueif’s personal and political account of the revolution at the edge of a long tradition of women’s resistance writing in Egypt. This essay also problematizes the memoir’s claim to representation because of political considerations that privilege a Western readership over a local one, despite its attempt to ingratiate itself with hybrid autobiographical writing across many intertextual mediums, a movement in contemporary Egyptian literature that has intensified since the beginning of the 21st century, revealing a need and urgency for the self-affirmation of voice and documentation of history from people’s perspectives as revolution unfolds.
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Booth, Marilyn. "House as novel, novel as house: The global, the intimate, and the terrifying in contemporary Egyptian literature." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 47, no. 4 (September 2011): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2011.590310.
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Zakarriya, Jihan. "Randomness and Political Complexity in the Contemporary Arab Novel." Comparative Critical Studies 18, no. 2-3 (October 2021): 259–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2021.0406.
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This essay examines the concept of randomness in three novels by contemporary Arab novelists, employing chaos theory and complexity theory. The three novels are Lebanese Rabie Gaber's dystopian novel Beirutus: Underground City ( Beirutus: Madīna Taḥt al-Arḍ, 2005), Egyptian Ezzedine Choukri Fishere's realistic novel Exit ( Bāb al-Khurūj, 2012), and Algerian Yasmina Khadra's detective novel What are Monkeys Waiting for? ( Qu'attendent les singes, 2014). Although they belong to different genres, all three are speculative novels and present different forms of political-security complexity and chaos in the contemporary Arab world. They represent unpredictable, random events that both resonate with and anticipate forthcoming events and political changes in the Arab world. Exit, for instance, represents the unexpected downfall of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and the return of the military rule after the 2011 revolution, and Beirutus the unexpected rubbish and environmental crisis in 2016 in Lebanon, while What are Monkeys Waiting for? anticipates the contemporary political turmoil in Algeria. Randomness and unpredictability in the three novels are used as a means of political projection and prediction, and as narrative strategies of literary activism against repressive realities and authoritarianism. By representing the unpredictable, Gaber, Fishere and Khadra implicitly incite resistance by warning of appalling forthcoming realities.
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Salah Hanafy Mahmoud, Khaled. "The Development of the Egyptian Technical Secondary Education Considering Some Contemporary Global Trends: An Analytical Study." European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejser-2018-0054.
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Abstract Technical education is the base for all development efforts in society. It plays an important role in pushing up the development wheel and in achieving its maximum rates. Whatever the development plans quality, they couldn't achieve their goals and targeted rates without the availability of scientifically and technically qualified human cadre in all work and production fields. Studies clarified that Egyptian technical secondary education suffers from many problems as the weak of its programs leading to negative effects on the proficiency of their students and their outcomes, their inconvenience to the labor market and making gap between the educational outcomes and technical education institutions and leading to the inferiority of the social status of this sort of education considering its relationship with hand work. Thus, reinforcement of the positive social sight towards vocational and technical education in Egypt represents a challenge. This study attempted through using the analytical method, through analyzing the educational literature to identify the contemporary global trends in developing technical education, how to apply every trend in the other world countries and to identify the positive and negative sides of applying every trend. Thus, the development of Egyptian technical secondary education could be identified and its requirements and means.
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Ghaida, Susanne Abou. "Al-Sukun ma bayn al-Amwaj: Kutub al-Atfal al-Musawwara wal-Mujtama'al-Misri al-Mu'aser [Stillness between the waves: Egyptian children's picturebooks and contemporary Egyptian society]." International Research in Children's Literature 14, no. 3 (October 2021): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2021.0421.
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Salman, Dr Zainab Abdulkadhim. "Re-visiting the Arab Cultural Renaissance: Al-Nahda and the Reception of European Literature." Alustath Journal for Human and Social Sciences 60, no. 2 (July 5, 2021): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v60i2.1595.
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Al-Nahda – the Renaissance corresponds to the advent of “modern civilization” (al-tamaddun al-ḥadîṯ) in Egypt and the East through contacts with the West. The Renaissance is opposed to the Middle Ages (al-qurûn al-wusṭâ), times of darkness. It is intended, more than a renewal of old models, a revolution of knowledge and thought. It is born of more or less violent contacts with the outside. Just as the Renaissance of the East is fertilized by the Western contributions so the European Renaissance which preceded it is largely attributed to the philosophical and scientific mediation of the Arabs of Andalusia. My research is a re-consideration of al-Nahda, highlighting the development of contemporary Arabic literature as a result of the late-19th – early 20th cultural rebirth of the Arab world, with a special stress on the French-Egyptian cultural transfer and the importance of translation.
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Al Saadi, Tania. "The Living City of the Dead: Representation of Life in the Cemeteries in Two Egyptian Novels." Arabica 67, no. 1 (May 21, 2020): 82–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341546.
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Abstract The City of the Dead is a large area on the periphery of Cairo where people live in house-like tombs. This study focuses on two Egyptian novels Šakāwā l-miṣrī l-faṣīḥ (1981-1985) by Yūsuf al-Qaʿīd and Madad (2014) by Maḥmūd al-Wirwārī, in which living in the cemeteries is portrayed as a paradoxical reality where life and death overlap. Limits between the two are blurred, and this creates a confusing situation where landmarks are lost and moral values are subverted. This situation echoes the characters’ personal dilemmas and the uncertain historical context in which they live. This article sheds light on the representation of life in the cemeteries and the concrete and symbolic function of this space. It also discusses this representation within the portrayal of peripheries and marginal spaces in contemporary Egyptian fiction, and explores the way the two novels—published several decades apart—use this ambivalent space to relate their respective historical realities.
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Keyser, Paul T. "Mineral Medicine in Apion of Oasis according to Pliny and Galen." Mnemosyne 69, no. 3 (May 7, 2016): 453–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12341778.
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There are hints in Pliny that the grammarian Apion wrote a work of pharmacy, but the evidence in Pliny is tenuous and somewhat contradictory, and some has even been emended away. Apion is rarely considered a pharmacist, although there are parallels of grammarians—contemporary with Apion—who wrote on pharmacy. Moreover, three overlooked passages provide a much stronger case for pharmaceutical work by Apion. The surviving recipes prescribe mineral-based compounds as remedies, confirming the evidence in Pliny’s index, and they are also consistent both with Greek and Egyptian medical practice.
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Youssef, Islam. "Why Are You Talking Like That, Sir? Il-Limbi, Phonology and Class in Contemporary Egypt." Arabica 67, no. 2-3 (November 10, 2020): 260–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341561.
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Abstract This article investigates the phonological patternings in the speech of il-Limbi, an immensely popular character in Egyptian comedy; and it stands therefore at a crossroads between cultural studies and linguistics. Il-Limbi represents the urban working classes, and his speech often mocks social conventions through ludicrous parody of educated speech. Masquerading as socially superior personas, his speech highlights the diglossic situation in Egypt as well as the pretentious use of English into the elite register. My examination of il-Limbi’s pronunciation in four movies reveals a number of systematic patterns in both consonants and vowels, which construct a unique code. This code is based partly on exaggerated features of Cairene Arabic and partly on genuine features of illiterate, lower-class vernacular. And it is often the interplay between various registers via correspondence rules that creates humor in the films.
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Saad, Sadek Ahmed. "The Courtyard in Cairene Traditional Houses; A Territorial Dispute, Game of Spaces Geometry and Light." Journal of Islamic Architecture 7, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i2.15427.
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The courtyard lost its role in contemporary Egyptian architecture. Despite its importance in the family social life, the western model of the villa and townhouse is adopted. The author argues that presenting the courtyard as a climatic solution only is inaccurate in introducing the courtyard to local urbanism. The study adopted qualitative and quantitative approaches, collecting historic courtyards houses in Cairo analyzing their courtyard form, geometry, and introductory spatial sequences. Related literature was reviewed for collecting data and introducing criteria. The study sample analysis proved the strong relationship between the spatial territoriality, the house transition zone, the public right to assert the order of their built environment (through collective deliberation) and other forces, which are of great importance to the courtyard role and meanings.
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Stockdale, Nancy L. "May Her Likes Be Multiplied." American Journal of Islam and Society 19, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v19i4.1904.
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Marilyn Booth's remarkable study blends literary criticism with historicalresearch to better understand the construction of modem Egyptian womanhood.Booth analyzes hundreds of women's biographies that were writtenin the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and published in thepopular women's press. She situates this activity within the context ofEgypt's nationalist struggle and burgeoning feminist movement at a time offoreign economic, military, and cultural domination. With the publicationof biographies of women as diverse as the Prophet's wives, Jeanne d'Arc,Hatshepsut, Jane Austin, and Safiyya Zaghlul, Booth uncovers the diversi tyof the Egyptian women's press in its scope and vision of what Egyptshould expect of its women.Booth complicates our understandings of women's participation in thepublic sphere by illuminating the ethnic and religious diversity of theEgyptian women's press. She also delves deeply into the class issues motivatingthe construction of the ideal Egyptian woman as a selfless member ofher family - both nuclear and national - conforming her domestic sphere tothe mold of communal, nationalist needs. Revealing women authors as bothshaping and being shaped by contemporary ideas of successful femininity,Booth's study is perhaps the most potent analysis of Egyptian feminism publishedin quite some time. It is an indispensable guide to a literature steepedin the Arabic literary past as well as modem Egyptian society.In a complex prologue, Booth argues that any examination of authorshipcan only vaguely determine how audiences react to published texts.Thus, although she sets out to analyze the messages inherent in women'sbiographies, she cannot relay the manner in which the women's press wasreceived by its audience. Her book is an analysis of prescription throughexample, but only can hint at the resulting impact. Booth focuses on howthese biographies became part of a larger social project to define women asnational symbols situating the nation as the ultimate community, all thewhile maintaining patriarchal constructs in the home and other socialspheres. She declares the biographies she examines to be ultimately "feminist,"for, although they often maintain crucial elements of the status ...
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Giv, Ahmad Lamei, and Marziye Mohaghegh Nia. "The Status of Women in the Novels of Najib Al-Kilani (Based on Two Novels of Jakarta's Virgin and The Man Who Believed." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 6 (June 7, 2016): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0606.24.
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Committed and contemporary Egyptian writer, Najib al-Kilani, is considered as a leader in Islamic literature in the Arab world due to the multitude of writings. Islam and promotion of Islamic principles is a major concern in most of his works. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this article tries to investigate the status of women in his novel’ Jakarta’s Virgin and The Man Who Believed. The findings suggest that Kilani, unlike its predecessors and even his contemporary writers, has not described the superficial and banal aspect of women, nut he has tried to promote true status appointed for a Muslim woman. Najib’s novels are taken from the real facts of his time. For him, women have the ability to participate in all social, economic areas by maintaining the moral values and standards of Islam as well as men. Kilani has also given women the right to select their own husbands; he insists much on the presence of common moral, cultural and religious points among couples to survive and continue sharing life.
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Pepe, Teresa. "Critics, Moralists and Intellectuals: The Transformation of the Udabāʾ in the Arab Nahḍah: a Historical-Conceptual Approach." Oriente Moderno 99, no. 1-2 (June 17, 2019): 179–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340213.
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Abstract This article analyzes the importance of the Nahḍah (Arabic Renaissance) for current developments in the field of Arabic literature. In particular it links the contemporary debate concerning the role and nature of writers and intellectuals (udabāʾ) in Arabic society to the semantic transformations undergone by the term adīb during the Nahḍah. The study analyses a number of statements made by Egyptian writers in the historical cultural press, critical essays, and ̩̩literary works, in which the term adīb is discussed, using R. Koselleck’s method of conceptual history. It shows that, during the Nahḍah, the term absorbed the European concepts of “author”, “man of letter”, “intellectual”. Nonetheless, the classical meanings of adīb as a subject associated with eloquence, encyclopaedic knowledge and moralistic attitude, were also revived, and this spurred a lively debate characterized by plurality of views and intellectual dispositions. Linking the nahḍawī debates to the debate concerning writers and intellectuals (udabāʾ) in contemporary society, the article shows how these same meanings are being re-disputed today in the midst of global and local cultural transformations.
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Gösken, Urs. "Constitutionalism in Poetry, Poetry in Constitutionalism: Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm’s Imagining of Contemporary Constitutional Movements." Die Welt des Islams 61, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 181–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700607-61010012.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the sociocultural and historical context in which the Egyptian poet Muḥammad Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm (c. 1872–1932) represented contemporary constitutional movements in the Muslim world, with special emphasis on developments in the Ottoman Empire and in late nineteenth- to early twentieth-century Egypt – back then, at least nominally, still a part of it – and extending to Iran’s Constitutional Revolution. References in Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm’s poetry to constitutionalism in Japan will also be discussed in order to point out that the poet, while closely following constitutional movements in the Ottoman Empire and in Iran, in fact viewed constitutionalism as an historical process transcending geographical and cultural boundaries. Therefore, we shall also try to identify the general idea of history underlying Ḥāfiẓ Ibrāhīm’s portrayal of constitutionalism. Comparative references to constitutional poetry in Iran of that time are intended to point out the supra-regional dimension both of constitutionalism itself and of poetical modes of imagining it. Likewise, this approach is designed to make the point that constitutional poetry in the Muslim world at that time was more than just poetic commentary on constitutional movements; it was itself part of them.
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Nightingale, Andrea Wilson. "Plato's lawcode in context: rule by written law in Athens and Magnesia." Classical Quarterly 49, no. 1 (May 1999): 100–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/49.1.100.
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Perhaps more than any other dialogue, Plato's Laws demands a reading that is at once historical and philosophical. This text's conception of the ‘rule of law’ is best understood in its contemporary socio-political context; its philosophical discussion of this topic, in fact, can be firmly located in the political ideologies and institutions of fourth-century Greece. In this paper, I want to focus on the written lawcode created in the Laws in the context of the Athenian conception and practice of rule by written law. How are the Athenian laws authorized, disseminated, and implemented, and how does Plato's lawcode reflect and/or depart from this model? What is the status of the ‘text’ of each lawcode? How—and how well—do the citizens know the law? When and by whom can the lawcode be altered? Recent work on literacy and on rule by written law in fourth-century Athens invites a serious reconsideration of Plato's lawcode and the polity it is designed for. Certainly Plato's Laws is grounded in a serious meditation on Athenian legislative practices. But Plato adds a novel ingredient to his legislation—the ‘Egyptian’ practice of ‘doing things by the book’ exemplified by (among other things) the institution of laws which compel doctors to treat patients in strict accordance with venerable and, indeed, sacred medical texts. As I will argue, the ‘Egyptian’ medical and textual practices offer a model for the rule of law quite different from that found in Athens.
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Dozio, Cristina. "Video as a Canonization Channel for Contemporary Arabic Fiction." Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 20 (March 22, 2021): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jais.8710.
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With the media transition from the paper to the digital, Arab writers’ interaction on the social media and book-related videos have become a central strategy of promotion. Besides book trailers produced by the publishers and the readers, the international literary prizes produce their own videos. One of the most important examples is the International Prize for Arabic Fiction (IPAF) which releases videos with English subtitles for the shortlisted authors every year. Moreover, some writers and journalists have started TV programs or YouTube channels recommending books and interviewing their fellow authors. Engaging with literary history, politics of translation, and media studies, this paper discusses the contribution of videos to the contemporary Arabic novel’s canonization: how do the videos make the canon and its mechanisms visible? Which image of the intellectual do they shape globally and locally? Which linguistic varieties do they adopt?
This paper compares two kinds of videos to encompass the global and local scale, with their respective canonizing institutions and mechanisms. On the one hand, it examines how IPAF videos (2012-2019) promote a very recent canon of novels on the global scale through the representation of space, language, and the Arab intellectual. On the other hand, it looks at two book-related TV programs by the Egyptian writers Bilāl Faḍl and ʿUmar Ṭāhir, selecting three episodes (Faḍl 2011, Faḍl 2018, and Ṭāhir 2018) featuring or devoted to Aḥmad Khālid Tawfīq (1962-2018), a successful author of science-fiction and thrillers. Debating non-canonical writings, these TV programs contribute to redefine the national canon focusing on the reading practices and literary criticism.
Keywords: Canon building, contemporary Arabic literature, literary prizes, IPAF, TV programs, Aḥmad Khālid Tawfīq
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Abdelwahab, Mona A. "De-commemoration of an urban street in Egypt: the case of Gameat-Aldowel-Alarabyia street." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 13, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-02-2019-0042.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the “event” of the construction of Naguib Mahfouz Square. Drawing on the memory of Gamaet-Aldowel-AlArabyia Street, it attempts to uncover the socio-cultural structures inherited in the Egyptian urban street.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts Foucauldian discourse on institutions of “knowledge and authority” to approach the power relations between the actors involved. This discourse was constructed through in-depth, unstructured interviews with architects and involved government personnel as well as other archival resources that included national newspapers and magazines.FindingsThis discourse reflected an institutional controversy between these actors over the perception and design of the Egyptian street, highlighting the alienation of the designer, and the user/lay-people, from the urban institution. Naguib Mahfouz Square presented a considerable deviation from the established norms of street design in Egypt at that time through its commemoration of a contemporary figure in literature, the architect’s involvement in the design process and the unfencing of urban space. This event thus questions the perception of the urban street beyond our socio-cultural inheritance, and towards street design as a performative urban act that embraces the everyday activities of lay-people in the street.Originality/valueThe paper utilises Foucauldian discourse on power to approach a case study of an urban event and space in Egypt, which has not previously been investigated thoroughly. It thus holds potential towards the resolution of inherited conflict between the urban street and the urban institution.
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Høigilt, Jacob. "Rhetoric and Ideology in Egypt’s Wasaiyya Movement." Arabica 57, no. 2 (2010): 251–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005810x502655.
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AbstractIslamic centrism (Wasaiyya) is commonly presented as an open-minded and dialogue-oriented form of Islamism. This article questions that view by analyzing texts written by two prominent centrists: Muammad ‘Ammāra and Fahmī Huwaydī. Focusing on rhetorical techniques, the article argues that their texts are characterized by aggressive polemics not conducive to pluralist public debate. While relying heavily on barrages of rhetorical questions and implicit arguments, they avoid serious discussion of difficult issues. These characteristics of their texts are brought out by a discourse analysis based on modern text linguistics, specifically Functional Grammar as developed by Michael Halliday. This approach to Islamism is new and helps explaining why centrism, despite its professed open-mindedness, has failed both to defuse the high ideological tension in contemporary Egyptian debates about Islam in society and to contribute to bringing those debates forward.
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Norbakk, Mari. "Men of Light Blood." Men and Masculinities 21, no. 3 (March 27, 2018): 328–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x17748172.
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This article explores how revolution stories become a claim to manhood in Egypt, which may be used as leverage when men struggle to live up to the ideal of male provider. The revolution is stylized in the stories that youth have about their participation in the 2011 Thawrat Shabaab (youth revolution). In analyzing the narration and performance of the revolution stories, Herzfeld’s concept of performative excellence becomes relevant. Based on fieldwork undertaken in Cairo, Egypt, in 2013, the author argues that revolution stories and being good at telling jokes impart masculine capital. Inspired by Inhorn’s call for ethnographies on Arab men, this article engages with how Egyptian manhood is produced in interaction with peer groups and underlines the importance of male friendship and humor. Focusing on men from the upper-middle class of Cairo highlights how deeply classed (male) gender is in contemporary Egypt.
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Alameh, Lara Shahriyar. "Secularism, Gender and the State in the Middle East." American Journal of Islam and Society 18, no. 3 (July 1, 2001): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v18i3.2008.
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Increasingly, since the Sadat era in Egypt and especially resulting from hiseconomic policies (infitah), there has been a significant rise of Egyptianwomen who are putting on the "Islamic dress." Whereas women in theearly twentieth century were dramatically tearing off their veils andthrowing them into the Nile in order to desegregate society. Today,Egyptian women are very noticeably doing the opposite as a formof protest, while utilizing the same reasoning as before. The influx ofliterature about this so-called "Islamism" has been discussed in nearlyevery realm of the social sciences.In contrast to this phenomenon, Najde al-Ali's study on women'sactivity in Egypt is about a particular heterogeneous class of secularwomen, that she feels has been marginalized on the state level by the overarchingconcessions given to hegemonic "Islamist" policies. In effect, Alistates, "I had noticed the tendency to overlook secular constituencies inmuch of the recent scholarship dealing with Egypt, where the emphasis wason Islamist tendencies and activism."Secularism, Gender and the State in the Middle East: The EgyptianWomen's Movement, is a highly informative introductory and analyticalstudy of secular women's activities through the voice of a plethoraof Egyptian women's organizations. In the introduction Ali categorizeswomen's activism as being independent, associational and directed.Whereas independent organizations have a power base from within and aimto implement individual goals, associational and directed organizationscarry a more direct message outside the sphere of general women's issues.In the first chapter, Ali engages in a discussion about the relationship ofOrientalism and Occidentalism in post-colonial literature. The reader isintroduced to the idea that these conceptual frameworks have indeedlimited the indigenous authenticity of women's activism in Egypt byplacing them in one of two extremes, whether it be religious or secular.Immediately, Ali strives to make clear that certain values do not need to beauthenticated by any indigenous culture if they are "universal values".However, it is here where a significant weakness emerges, by notoutwardly recognizing the importance of the competitive universal valuesystems, including the "Islamist values", that are trying to find their spacein contemporary Egyptian political culture. Therefore, the message that is ...
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Alshetawi, Mahmoud F. "Combating 9/11 Negative Images of Arabs in American Culture: A Study of Yussef El Guindi’s Drama." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 7, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/458.
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This study intends to examine the dramatic endeavours of Arab American playwrights to make their voices heard through drama, performance, and theatre in light of transnationalism and diaspora theory. The study argues that Arab American dramatists and theatre groups attempt to counter the hegemonic polemics against Arabs and Muslims, which have madly become characteristic of contemporary American literature and media following 9/11. In this context, this study examines Yussef El Guindi, an Egyptian-American, and his work. El Guindi has devoted most of his plays to fight the stereotypes that are persistently attributed to Arabs and Muslims, and his drama presents issues relating to identity formation and what this formation means to be Arab American. A scrutiny of these plays shows that El Guindi has dealt with an assortment of topics and issues all relating to the stereotypes of Arab Americans and the Middle East. These issues include racial profiling and surveillance, stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims in the cinema and theatre, and acculturation and clash of cultures.
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Lewis, Kelly. "Digitally mediated martyrdom: The role of the visual in political Arab activist culture." Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research 12, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jammr_00002_1.
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Digitally mediated images depicting death and martyrdom as a trope of resistance and contestation against oppressive regimes emerged as recurring and critical instruments of dissent during the Arab uprisings of 2010‐11. While the trope of death and martyrdom as a form of political expression and resistance is not a new phenomenon in the Middle East, the affordances of digital and social media technologies have brought forth new opportunities for activists and everyday citizens to construct, circulate and communicate martyr narratives. Drawing from literature in visual politics, digital activist culture, and media and communication, this textual and iconographical analysis of visual tropes focuses on the brutal killing of Egyptian youth Khaled Said, on his construction as a posthumous injustice symbol, and on his subsequent transformation as a martyr of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. Activists and everyday citizens participated in symbolically resurrecting Said in and through digitally mediated images and transforming him into a martyr to represent the popular struggle for social justice and universal human rights. The article examines how Said is made a martyr through complex creative processes of recurrent visual appropriation, mediation, re-appropriation and remediation. It shows that the creative authorship of martyrdom is increasingly hybridized, decentralized and driven by a memetic protest dynamic. The article proposes the term ‘digitally mediated martyrdom’ to designate the emergence of a new kind of visually oriented, socially constructed and ritualized protest dynamic. It develops the conceptual framework for understanding digitally mediated martyrdom as a contemporary political practice within activist cultures and popular social justice movements. It also argues digitally mediated martyrdom represents the emergence of a new and transnational protest dynamic.
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Farrag, Dalia Abdelrahman, and Mohammed Hassan. "The influence of religiosity on Egyptian Muslim youths’ attitude towards fashion." Journal of Islamic Marketing 6, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-04-2014-0030.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure the impact of the different religiosity dimensions on the attitude of Muslim youth towards fashion. Design/methodology/approach – To understand the relationship between religiosity and Muslim youths’ attitude towards fashion, a structured questionnaire was circulated amongst university students in Cairo and Alexandria (Egypt’s two largest cities) using convenience sampling method. Religiosity has been measured using the operationalized definition by Glock (1972), as consisting of five different dimensions: ideological, Intellectual, ritualistic, experimental and consequential. Likert scales were used to measure religiosity dimensions, and semantic differential scale has been used to measure the attitude of Muslim youth towards fashion. An initial sample size of 350 Egyptian Muslim youth was surveyed on-campus using face-to-face method by a group of volunteer trainer students. Findings – Cronbach’s alpha has been measured for all variables to ensure internal consistency. The findings provide evidence that a negative relationship exists with all of the religiosity dimensions under study and attitude of youth towards fashion. More specifically, the intellectual and consequential dimensions had the strongest negative significant relationships with attitude of youth towards fashion. Research limitations/implications – The results of this study should be considered in light of a number of limitations on which recommendations for future research are based. First, the use of a student sample, even if these consumers are important and justified for this research, may hinder the generalizability of the findings across other segments of consumers who might behave differently. Second, this study relies on the declared attitudes of the respondents, which are likely to be biased because of respondents’ inclination to give socially desirable answers and spiritually peace reactions. Such an evaluation cannot identify unconscious attitudes and behaviours. Practical implications – The paper’s interesting findings serve to remind entrepreneurs and marketers in general that they cannot neglect the element of religion in their marketing activities, particularly in the fashion industry and the development of apparel targeting Muslim women. Such an understanding will help both marketers in designing their marketing practices according to their Muslim consumers’ convictions, and academicians in their research endeavours. Originality/value – Investigating and measuring the influence of religion in general and Islam in particular on youth’s attitude towards fashion is considered a very contemporary and raw topic that shall have significant contribution to the existing literature, as well as to fashion designers and marketers.
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Cherry, Peter. "“I’d rather my brother was a bomber than a homo”: British Muslim masculinities and homonationalism in Sally El Hosaini’s My Brother the Devil." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 53, no. 2 (January 28, 2017): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989416683761.
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Images of young British Muslim men engaging in terrorist activity or gang warfare proliferate in contemporary media. Such distortions frame Muslim males as a homogeneous and threatening presence within Britain; men who, despite living in the UK, are prone to a pathological form of masculinity supposedly inculcated by their religio-cultural background. In Terrorist Assemblages, Jasbir K. Puar develops the framework of “homonationalism” to examine the relationship between hostilities towards Muslims and growing acceptance of LGBT subjectivities in Euro-America. Puar argues that popular discourses stereotype diverse ethno-cultural groups under a distinct racialized, religiously-defined “Muslim” grouping. These Muslim “others”, recognized through racial and sartorial profiling, are assigned viewpoints that place them in opposition to the purportedly “enlightened” West. Puar shows how this dualism has been continually reproduced in cultural production, propagating the view that to be Muslim is to be axiomatically homophobic. This article assesses the extent to which homonationalism is replicated in the British film My Brother the Devil (dir. Sally El Hosaini, 2012). Set on a housing estate in Hackney, it depicts two London-born brothers of Egyptian heritage, Rash and Mo, as elder brother Rash leaves his “gangster” lifestyle after falling in love with photographer Sayid. My Brother the Devil invokes moral panics about young British Muslim men, as well as the increased visibility of homosexuality in recent UK media and cultural output, to probe connections between masculinity, sexuality, race, and class. However, this article posits that My Brother the Devil inadvertently upholds homonationalist binaries. By analysing the film, this paper contends that what Puar terms a “Muslim or gay binary” should be considered in a British context to address how certain “liberal” Muslim subjectivities are incorporated within imaginings of Britishness, at the exclusion of Muslim subjectivities that do not fit these prescriptions.
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Sellman, Johanna. "The Ghosts of Exilic Belongings: Maḥmūd al-Bayyātī’s Raqṣ ʿalā al-māʾ: aḥlām waʿrah and Post-Soviet Themes in Arabic Exile Literature." Journal of Arabic Literature 47, no. 1-2 (July 11, 2016): 111–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570064x-12341310.
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Raqṣ ʿalā al-māʾ: aḥlām waʿrah (Dancing on Water: Difficult Dreams, 2006) by Maḥmūd al-Bayyātī is among a number of Arabic post-Cold War exile novels that invite critical reflection on the loss of exilic belongings tied to the Soviet world. In the novel, an Iraqi poet, who has recently arrived in Sweden from Prague, Czechoslovakia following the collapse of the Soviet Union, finds a wallet containing a large sum of money. The poet (and narrator) re-imagines his new exile in Sweden through his search for the owner of the wallet and through the related question of how to distribute the money. As the narrative unfolds, the search begins to resemble the act of circling and pacing (ṭāf, yaṭūf ), a concept that frequently recurs in the novel. Ṭāf invokes both the haunting of the narrator’s past exile and political affiliations, and ṭawāf, the ritual circling around an empty center. Read alongside Derrida’s Specters of Marx the novel offers a compelling reflection on a critical juncture of Arabic literature. By comparing Raqṣ ʿalā al-māʾ to two other post-Soviet Arabic literary narratives of exile, Iqbāl Qazwīnī’s Mamarrāt al-sukūn (Zubaida’s Window: A Novel of Iraqi Exile, 2005) and Muḥammad Makhzangī’s Laḥaẓāt gharaq jazīrat al-ḥūt (Memories of a Meltdown: An Egyptian between Moscow and Chernobyl, 2006), this article considers the multiple ways that literary narratives have made exile and Marxist political affiliations objects of mourning. The spectral qualities of Raqṣ ʿalā al-māʾ subvert many of the post-Cold War narratives on national identity and the death of Marxism that the narrator confronts and, in the end, produce an ambiguous yet engaging reflection on migration and exile in contemporary Europe.
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Monterrubio-Ibáñez, Lourdes. ""Penny Dreadful" (2014-2016). Postmodern mythology and ontology of otherness." Communication & Society 33, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/003.33.36492.
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The television series Penny Dreadful (2014-2016) is an appropriation, intertextuality and transfiction exercise of four modern myths from nineteenth-century literature –Frankenstein (Mary Shelley, 1818), The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (Robert Louis Stevenson, 1886), The Picture of Dorian Gray (Oscar Wilde, 1891) and Dracula (Bram Stoker, 1897)– to which the mythological figure of the lycanthrope is added. This myth syncretism is completed by linking these characters, located in the Victorian London of the late 19th century, with different mythologies: biblical, Egyptian, American West, Native American or witch mythology. The article aims to analyse, focusing on the final season of the series, how the narrative complexity of contemporary seriality and the different materialisations of postmodern image –multiplex-image, distance-image and excessimage– become perfect tools to both narrate the identity search of the different characters and subvert and resemantise these modern myths. Their identity searches emerge from an ontology of otherness that defines postmodernity –from otherness of conscience to otherness of other people–, using the mythical figure of the monster. It allows then the subversion and resemantisation of each mythical character, generating a kind of postmodern mythology that reflects on our contemporaneity: feminist emancipation and violent revolution, patriarchy and machismo, family institution, social marginalisation, individualism and lack of commitment, classism and racism.
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Zárate, Arthur Shiwa. "The American Sufis: Self-Help, Sufism, and Metaphysical Religion in Postcolonial Egypt." Comparative Studies in Society and History 61, no. 04 (October 2019): 864–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041751900029x.
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AbstractThis article examines an Arabic commentary on the American self-help pioneer Dale Carnegie's How to Stop Worrying and Start Living, written by a one-time leading intellectual of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, Muḥammad al-Ghazālī. Ghazālī’s 1956 commentary was perhaps the earliest manifestation of an influential genre of literature within the Islamic world today: “Islamic self-help.” Although scholars treat Islamic self-help as an effect of neoliberalism, this article reorients the study of Islamic self-help beyond neoliberalism by showing first, that Ghazālī’s early version of it emerged through a critical engagement with several ideological forms that relate in complex ways to neoliberalism's antecedent, liberalism; and second, that his Islamic self-help is best understood in terms of an Islamic encounter with American metaphysical religion made possible by Carnegie's text. It argues that Ghazālī’s Islamic self-help constituted a radical reconfiguration of Western self-help, one that replaced the ethics of self-reliance and autonomy with Islamic ethical sensibilities clustered around the notions of human insufficiency and dependence upon God. In doing so, it highlights how scholars of contemporary Islam might fruitfully pose the question of how novel intellectual trends and cultural forms, like self-help, become Islamic, instead of limiting their analysis to how Islam is reshaped by modern Euro-American thought, institutions, and practices.
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Adel, Heba Mohamed, Abeer A. Mahrous, and Rasha Hammad. "Entrepreneurial marketing strategy, institutional environment, and business performance of SMEs in Egypt." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 12, no. 5 (May 28, 2020): 727–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-11-2019-0171.
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Purpose The purpose of this research paper is to study the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing strategy (EMS), institutional environment (IE) and business performance (BP). Further, it examines the role of gender and entrepreneurial experience (EE) as moderators of EMS-BP and IE-BP relationships. Design/methodology/approach Based on the literature review, the authors proposed a conceptual model that was tested using a quantitative approach. Questionnaires were filled by 202 owners/entrepreneurs of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt. Because of the absence of a formal population-frame for the Egyptian SMEs, non-probability quota sampling technique was used that considered differences in gender and EE. SmartPLS software was used for data analysis. Findings The results indicated that EMS has significant positive effect on BP. IE has significant positive effect on EMS but insignificant effect on BP. Gender was found to be moderating significantly both the EMS-BP and IE-BP relationships. However, EE was found to be an insignificant moderator in the EMS-BP relationship. Practical implications The findings communicate insights to the SMEs on the importance of undertaking proactive, risk-taking and innovative activities while creating and delivering value to their customers. Also, it encapsulates further implications for policymakers to promote a better IE for entrepreneurship in Egypt. Originality/value This study contributes conceptually to the interdisciplinary research that investigated the integration between entrepreneurship and marketing as a successful functional strategy in SMEs and its effect on enhancing BP and market share. Empirically, it adds value to the available literature on contemporary strategic entrepreneurship by analysing these IE-EMS-EE-Gender-BP relationships in a promising, yet under-researched, transitional economy.