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1
Anagnostou, Evangelos, Athanasios Michas, and Christos Giannou. "Practicing Military Medicine in Truly Austere Environments: What to Expect, How to Prepare, When to Improvise." Military Medicine 185, no. 5-6 (January 28, 2020): e656-e661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz467.
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Abstract Introduction The majority of the published literature on contemporary military medicine contradicts the concept of austere. Operational medicine is part of every armed conflict around the world, while armed forces of most countries internationally have limited medical resources especially in the front line. The aim of this review is to identify the particularities of a truly austere environment and present a short guide of preparation and action for military medical personnel internationally. Materials and Methods An exhaustive search of the existing English literature on operational and military medicine in austere environments was carried out in EMBASE and PubMed databases. Results This review included seminal and contemporary papers on the subject and synthesized a multiperspective short guide for operational medical personnel. Discussion Experience from forward surgical teams of the U.S. Army and humanitarian teams of physicians in war zones who work under precarious and austere circumstances has shown that the management of casualties requires different strategies than in higher levels of combat casualty care and in a civilian setting. A number of factors that must be controlled can be categorized into human, environmental, equipment-related, and socioeconomic. Surgeons and other medical personnel should have knowledge of these aspects beforehand and be adequately trained in peacetime. Physicians must master a number of essential skills and drugs, and be familiar with dosage regimens and side effects. Conclusion The military surgeon must be specially trained and prepared to use a wide range of skills in truly austere environments in contemporary conflicts.
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K, BHAVANI SELVI. "Operations research - contemporary role in managerial decision making." Journal of Management and Science 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2017.25.
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As the global environment becomes most competitive, Operations Research has gained significance in applications like world - class Manufacturing systems (WCM), Lean production, six - sigma quality management, Benchmarking, Just – in - Time (JIT) inventory techniques. The growth of global markets and the resulting increase in competition have highlighted the need for Operation Research. To survive and lead the today‘s highly competitive and demand drivenmarket, pressure is on management to make economic decisions. One of the essential managerial skills is ability to allocate and utilize resources appropriately in the efforts of achieving the optimal performance efficiently. In some cases such as small - scale low complexity environment, decision based on intuition with minimal quantitative basis may be reasonably acceptable and practical in achieving the goal of the organization. However, for a large - scale system, both quantitative and qualitative (i.e. intuition, experience, common sense) analyses are required to make the most economical decisions. Using Operations Research techniques including Linear Programming, Discrete Event Simulation and Queuing Theory, organization leaders can make high quality decisions. Operations managers are not expected to be experts in any decision science tools; however, he or she must have fundamental knowledge of such tools to acquire right resources and to make the most economically sounding decisions for the company as a whole. Present paper is an attempt to study the importance of Operations research and various techniques used to improve the operational efficiency of the organization.
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Halmaghi, Elisabeta-Emilia, and Lidia-Marinela Bacila. "Human Resources - Important Resources of the Contemporary Organization." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2018-0050.
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Abstract In this paper we started from the idea that the most important strategic resource of an organization is people. Without people, the organization's other resources could not be operational, and the organization could not fulfill its established goals. Therefore, in order for an organization to grow and become competitive in the long run, it must invest in training the employees. It is true that this investment has high costs, but well-trained, creative, adaptable, motivated and involved employees in achieving the organization's goals generate positive changes in all its structures. Taken into consideration all the analyzed theories, we tried to demonstrate that an organization will become stronger, more adaptable to changes in both its internal and external environment and will meet its established goals becoming a successful organization
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Toda, Masanao. "The history of human society as moulded by emotion: past, present and future." Social Science Information 40, no. 1 (March 2001): 153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901801040001008.
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The basic operational modes of emotions were determined when they evolved as animal software for coping with problematic situations presented by the wild environment. This wilderness rationality of emotions became somewhat warped when humans developed a large, organized environment of communities. Human emotions differed from those of animals in one critical respect: humans tended to apply new solutions to new problems and thus they touched off an evolution-like process for artefacts, the accelerating nature of which eventually produced the contemporary human society where innovations occur with inordinate speed. Contemporary society is fraught with dangers despite its material abundance and the nearly equal social status of its denizens. A cellular societal structure is suggested as a possible solution to this problem.
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Gordon, Stuart, and Antonio Donini. "Romancing principles and human rights: Are humanitarian principles salvageable?" International Review of the Red Cross 97, no. 897-898 (June 2015): 77–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383115000727.
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Abstract“Classical” or “Dunantist” humanitarianism has traditionally been constructed around the core principles of neutrality (not taking sides) and impartiality (provision of assistance with no regard to ethnicity, religion, race or any other consideration, and proportional to need), plus the operational imperative (rather than a formal principle) to seek the consent of the belligerent parties. These principles, whilst never unchallenged, have dominated the contemporary discourse of humanitarianism and have been synonymous with or at least reflections of a presumed essential, enduring and universal set of humanitarian values. This paper offers a more dynamic and changing vision of the content of humanitarian action. It maps the origins and content of the “new humanitarian” critique of the humanitarian sector and principles and argues that this has both misrepresented the ethical content of neutrality and obscured what amount to significant operational adaptations that leave traditional humanitarianism well prepared for the contemporary operating environment.
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PETRESCU, Valentin. "THE PERSISTENT CONFLICT, A CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CONCEPT OF APPROACHING THE HYBRID WAR IN THE EASTERN EUROPEAN OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT." BULLETIN OF "CAROL I" NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY 10, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2284-9378-21-08.
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The Contemporary Eastern European operational environment is a complex system of actors, weapons and weapon systems, circumstances and conditions that manifest themselves in well-defined areas and that can directly influence decisions to use military capabilities. It may include both enemy and neutral or allied enemy forces and systems participating in the persistent conflict, as well as the culture of the population, the physical environment, local resources, the technological level, the political decision-maker and the executor. The lessons learned from the first part of this century convinced us that the Eastern European operational environment is quite conflictual; constantly changing at local and regional level, it falls into a dynamic, persistent and complex context, which, combined with energy blackmail strategies favor the emergence of hybrid dangers and threats to the stability and security of the Eastern European area. Through this article I want to give a firm and documented answer to questions related to: the conception of approaching the persistent hybrid conflict; the tendency of some actors to persist in tensions in the area of Eastern European insecurity and their concern to maintain the persistent conflict as a form of modern manifestation of Eastern European Community relations.
Keywords: operational environment; persistent conflict; hybrid threats; hybrid operating system.
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ROMAN, Daniel. "NEW PERSPECTIVES OF SIMULATION MODELING IN THE OPERATIONAL ART OF MILITARY ACTION PLANNING THROUGH SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY." STRATEGIES XXI - Command and Staff College 17, no. 1 (August 12, 2021): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-2028-21-40.
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Abstract: The contemporary operational environment is mainly determined by the dynamics of the phenomena occurring within the connections of the societal fields. Decoding the reality and designing military actions have shifted to new coordinates of the operational art, in terms of the way the factors of influence that change the status of each societal field are jointly approached. The term societal has acquired new meanings in the context of the overconnectivity of the fundamental domains of the society which are the following: political/diplomatic, military, economic, social, medical – pandemic, infrastructural, informational, environmental and geo-strategic. The operational art of military action planning is based on decoding the operational environment and includes analyses with different level of detail depending on the approached societal field. The analyses result in different models of action of the opponent that involve organizing and reorganizing the friendly formations that will be planned to take part in operations. Deciding for or against certain options for resolving a (military) crisis situation takes place following repeated simulations until favorable results are obtained. In this article, we aimed to bring to the attention of the specialists in the field of military action planning the integrative methodology of "design thinking" the main aspects related to the impact of the dynamics of the societal domains network in the perspective of the simulated modeling in military action planning.
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Stanley, Elizabeth A., and Kelsey L. Larsen. "Difficulties With Emotion Regulation in the Contemporary U.S. Armed Forces: Structural Contributors and Potential Solutions." Armed Forces & Society 47, no. 1 (May 14, 2019): 77–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x19848018.
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The ability to regulate negative emotions is especially necessary for service members in the contemporary U.S. armed forces, since they routinely face situations that elicit negative emotions while executing their professional roles. Yet difficulties with regulating emotions, which are associated with stress and mood disorders, suicidality, and impairments in work performance, remain prevalent across this group. This article surveys research in five domains—recruitment and selection effects, military cultural pressures and coping strategies, training, common chronic stressors, and the contemporary operational environment—to highlight structural contributors to the heavy stress loads that U.S. service members often bear, which may contribute to their difficulty with emotion regulation (ER). It concludes with several recommendations that the military could implement to mitigate service members’ stress loads and facilitate ER. Enhancing their ER skills may offer a long-term strategy to improve their resilience and performance.
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GEURSEN, GUS M., and LEO PAUL DANA. "INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: THE CONCEPT OF INTELLECTUAL INTERNATIONALISATION." Journal of Enterprising Culture 09, no. 03 (September 2001): 331–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495801000183.
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Much of the internationalisation literature deals with how firms have grown by extending their technologies, brands or organisational structures internationally. These literatures are about firms extending operational territories and gaining access to larger markets. However, in contemporary economies territorial extension is not the only form of internationalisation. Some individuals travel to new countries and see entrepreneurial opportunities. Their contribution to a new or existing venture is "intellect" as part of an internationalisation culture. Somehow, the global environment has changed from a place to be conquered by large corporations to and opportunity-rich environment for sensitive, entrepreneurial participants. The purpose of this exploratory study is to stimulate future research that examines what has changed, in business contexts, structures and markets, and to place intellectual entrepreneurship at the core of the internationalisation discussion.
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Coombs, Howard G. "“Soldiers first”: Preparing the Canadian Army for twenty-first century peace operations." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 73, no. 2 (June 2018): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702018785981.
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The Canadian Army has historically adopted a paradigm of preparing for peace operations by training and educating both soldiers and leaders to be capable of general-purpose combat. This paradigm of “soldiers first” has not been without its flaws, particularly when the security environment, the operational mandate, and mission preparation became unaligned. Consequently, as we move forward into the peace activities of the twenty-first century, where Canadian soldiers will be committed to operations in complex regions like Africa and the Middle East, it will be necessary to identify and institutionalize the lessons of the past in order to ensure that the model of “soldiers first” can be adapted to the varied challenges of the contemporary and future security environment through a holistic application of specialized training, leader education, and institutional support.
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Bivainis, Andrius. "Contemporary Afghanistan Outlook: Between Counterinsurgency and Search of the Social Contract." International Journal of Area Studies 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijas-2015-0006.
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Abstract This article is based on reassessment of the contemporary results of counterinsurgency and nation-building in Afghanistan. Nation-building initiatives have been started in the country since the Bonn agreement in December 2001. This agreement brought into reality the current governing system of Afghanistan. Counterinsurgency in Afghanistan has been initiated in full mode since 2009 after a sound success on Iraqi frontier. However, each operational area is bringing its own specifics into play. The same was with Afghanistan. The newly established constitutional presidential republic has faced with inheritance of unresolved sensitive ethnical identity issues, confrontation between different groups for self-governing authority and security of essential resources. These preconditions have brought a diversified and even confrontational social environment into reality. Prolonged military operations in Afghanistan could show that diversified social environment and misevaluated cultural heritage has led to misleading assumptions that centralized presidential governing system could become an effective ruling model for post-Taliban country. One of the key notions of this article is that historical lessons taught by long years of colonialist rule in Afghanistan has not been learned and misevaluation of diversified and confrontational local entities has brought another historical lesson of Afghan tribal resistance. More than that, diversified and confrontational entities of Afghanistan have not been a favorable subject for possible social contract. The term social contract was introduced as explanatory method of national political behavior and systemic structure by Jean Jacques Rousseau in 18th century Europe. Afghan society has become the subject to this model of political philosophy only as counterinsurgency campaign gained full capabilities around 2009. Reassessment of long term nation building efforts in this article is based on evaluation of Afghan social contract’s progress.
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DE ROO, NINA, JENS A. ANDERSSON, and TIMOTHY J. KRUPNIK. "ON-FARM TRIALS FOR DEVELOPMENT IMPACT? THE ORGANISATION OF RESEARCH AND THE SCALING OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES." Experimental Agriculture 55, no. 2 (November 16, 2017): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479717000382.
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SUMMARYChanges in donor priorities have meant that agronomists working in the tropics find themselves in a fundamentally new operational space, one that demands rapid improvements in farmers' livelihoods resulting from the large-scale adoption of new technologies and crop management practices. As a result, on-farm trials in contemporary Agricultural Research for Development (AR4D) are increasingly implemented both to collect data and to spur farmer adoption. We examine the different interpretations and organisational practices of AR4D organisations in this new operational space, and reflect on the usefulness of on-farm trials for agricultural technology scaling. Three case studies are presented to address these questions – two in sub-Saharan Africa and one in South Asia. Each study is considered in light of Science and Technology Studies theory and locates science as a politically situated practice, recognising the tension that scientists face between providing evidence and persuading selected audiences. The case studies show that this tension results in the introduction of several biases that limit the scalability of the technologies under investigation. These include biases at the level of the trial location, host-farmer selection, trial design, management and evaluation. We conclude by discussing how the contemporary political and institutional environment of AR4D produces project beneficiaries and research outcomes on selected farms, but not necessarily impacts at scale.
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Glazer, Joshua L., Laura Groth, and Blair Beuche. "Opportunities and challenges for NGOs amid competing institutional logics." Journal of Educational Administration 57, no. 4 (July 8, 2019): 376–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-10-2018-0191.
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Purpose This paper considers the implications of reform efforts that rely on charter management organizations to assume operational control of underperforming neighborhood schools. The purpose of this paper is to examine the way in which changes to the education sector place enormous pressure on these organizations to both manage instruction and their social environments. Design/methodology/approach The research presents the results from a longitudinal case study of two organizations operating within the Tennessee Achievement School District (ASD). Interviews, observations and document analysis provided insight into the perspectives of school operators, state officials and community leaders. The study design allowed researchers to observe the influence of the environment on school operators over a four-year period. Findings Results show that the environment that included a muscular state, market pressures, NGOs and local communities placed an extreme and contradictory set of demands on organizations operating schools, pressing them to develop robust systems of instruction, leadership and teacher development while actively working to ensure social legitimacy in the community. Neither a national network nor a small local startup began with a strategy aligned to these environmental demands, and both needed to make substantial revisions. Research limitations/implications Research into contemporary educational reform should account for rapidly evolving environments that feature a complex mix of resources and incentives. Careful examination of the consequences of these environments for educational organizations will further our understanding of how markets, communities and governments are shaping the education sector. Practical implications The extraordinary challenges that confront organizations that operate in crowded and contested environments preclude fast or dramatic results. Policymakers and the public should assume an incremental process of organizational learning and improvement. Setting unrealistic expectations and focusing exclusively on impact risks delegitimizing organizations and policy initiatives before they have time to adapt. Originality/value This research reported here is among the few studies that have explored the experiences and implications of NGOs that have attempted to assume operational control of underperforming neighborhood schools. The popularity of this approach among a growing number of states highlights the importance of this topic.
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DANILA, STEFAN. "THE ROLE AND USE OF THE ARMED FORCES IN THE FUTURE." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, VOLUME 2012/ ISSUE 14/2 (June 30, 2012): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.14.2.1.
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The current challenges of the contemporary operational environment determine not only the establishment of a force structure having the necessary high engagement and sustainment capacity (including logistics), but also the allocation of ISTAR capabilities to support the fulfilment of assigned missions and the achievement of desired effects by the armed forces. Their support will be permanently adapted to the specificity of the operations in which they will be engaged, focusing on commonali- ty, interchangeability, interoperability and integrated functioning within multinatio- nal structures, depending on the way they will be organised, the deployment site, the climate, their sustainment capability in conflict areas and the legal institutionalised framework set up by the international organisations that will conduct those missions.
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Georgiadou, Elena. "The Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Transforming World Politics: Between Isomorphism and Path Dependence." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 8, no. 2 (2013): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-12341249.
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Summary This article explores the contemporary organization and functions of the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and the ways in which it responds to the transforming world politics. In contemporary foreign policy management discourse, the study of the foreign ministry — its organization, role, functions and position within national foreign policy and diplomatic systems — constitutes a central theme. This is because patterns of change within its structure, processes and operation can provide significant evidence regarding the state’s responses to systemic change, as well as its fundamental assumptions about world politics. There is no uniformity of opinion in the literature regarding foreign ministries’ responses to the changing policy milieus. On the one hand there are observations and arguments that view the foreign ministry as adaptive and retaining its centrality in national foreign policy systems, while on the other hand there are suggestions that the transforming world politics have diminished its significance, leading to its decline. Evidence gathered through a series of interviews with Greek diplomats indicates no discernible trend towards a decline of the Greek MFA. The data rather demonstrate that this Greek diplomatic institution, similar to other European foreign ministries, is in a process of adapt-ing to its contemporary operational environment, but that this process is slow because of its organizational culture.
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Dhamija, Pavitra, and Surajit Bag. "Role of artificial intelligence in operations environment: a review and bibliometric analysis." TQM Journal 32, no. 4 (March 6, 2020): 869–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-10-2019-0243.
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Purpose“Technological intelligence” is the capacity to appreciate and adapt technological advancements, and “artificial intelligence” is the key to achieve persuasive operational transformations in majority of contemporary organizational set-ups. Implicitly, artificial intelligence (the philosophies of machines to think, behave and perform either same or similar to humans) has knocked the doors of business organizations as an imperative activity. Artificial intelligence, as a discipline, initiated by scientist John McCarthy and formally publicized at Dartmouth Conference in 1956, now occupies a central stage for many organizations. Implementation of artificial intelligence provides competitive edge to an organization with a definite augmentation in its social and corporate status. Mere application of a concept will not furnish real output until and unless its performance is reviewed systematically. Technological changes are dynamic and advancing at a rapid rate. Subsequently, it becomes highly crucial to understand that where have the people reached with respect to artificial intelligence research. The present article aims to review significant work by eminent researchers towards artificial intelligence in the form of top contributing universities, authors, keywords, funding sources, journals and citation statistics.Design/methodology/approachAs rightly remarked by past researchers that reviewing is learning from experience, research team has reviewed (by applying systematic literature review through bibliometric analysis) the concept of artificial intelligence in this article. A sum of 1,854 articles extracted from Scopus database for the year 2018–2019 (31st of May) with selected keywords (artificial intelligence, genetic algorithms, agent-based systems, expert systems, big data analytics and operations management) along with certain filters (subject–business, management and accounting; language-English; document–article, article in press, review articles and source-journals).FindingsResults obtained from cluster analysis focus on predominant themes for present as well as future researchers in the area of artificial intelligence. Emerged clusters include Cluster 1: Artificial Intelligence and Optimization; Cluster 2: Industrial Engineering/Research and Automation; Cluster 3: Operational Performance and Machine Learning; Cluster 4: Sustainable Supply Chains and Sustainable Development; Cluster 5: Technology Adoption and Green Supply Chain Management and Cluster 6: Internet of Things and Reverse Logistics.Originality/valueThe result of review of selected studies is in itself a unique contribution and a food for thought for operations managers and policy makers.
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Singine, Augustine Castro, and Mustafa Cahid Ungan. "COMPARATIVE META-ANALYTIC EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION ON PERFORMANCE: A DETAILED PERSPECTIVE OF MODERATOR AND MEDIATOR ANALYSIS." Global Journal of Purchasing and Procurement Management 1, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 43–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/gjppm.1201.
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In an environment with ever changing customers’ needs and intensifying global competition, quality processes and supply chain (SC) are critical for organisational success. To satisfy customers, outsmart competition and improve performance, contemporary organisations are trying to improve on their processes through integrated supply chains.
In an attempt to address this question and effectively contribute to this topic, a comparative meta- analytical evaluation along with key moderator and mediator analysis was conducted. In the lens of many theories, SCI from two perspectives; SCID (internal, suppliers, customer integration) with 67 studies and SCIF (information, operational, relational integration) with 25 studies was assessed on overall performance as well as on both operational and business performance. A quantitative meta-analysis based on Hunter and Schmidt (2004) which was performed through Jamovi, revealed the following: The meta-analysis results which were obtained through Jamovi provided significant correlation coefficients for SCID and SCIF respectively (ř = .476, p <.002) and (ř =.508, p <.001). Therefore, indicating that the association between SCID and performance is medium and positive, while that of SCIF and performance is positive and large. This is a clear indication that SCI from the perspective of SCID and SCIF yields different results, with SCIF having a relatively large effect. Moreover, on average SCIF both at aggregate and individual level has a slightly large effect on performance than SCID. Operational performance was the most influenced by SCID and SCIF, although operational and relational integration indicated a significant larger effect on business performance. Thus, individual SCID and SCIF constructs have different effects on business and operational as overall performance. All moderators though with different levels of interactions indicated a significant effect on both SCID and SCIF. Of the three mediators tested, customer integration had a 32% negative effect, SC agility showed an 89.1% full mediation effect with flexibility indicating a 53% significant effect.
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Charitopoulos, Vassilis M., Vivek Dua, Jose M. Pinto, and Lazaros G. Papageorgiou. "A game-theoretic optimisation approach to fair customer allocation in oligopolies." Optimization and Engineering 21, no. 4 (January 11, 2020): 1459–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11081-019-09482-x.
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Abstract Under the ever-increasing capital intensive environment that contemporary process industries face, oligopolies begin to form in mature markets where a small number of companies regulate and serve the customer base. Strategic and operational decisions are highly dependent on the firms’ customer portfolio and conventional modelling approaches neglect the rational behaviour of the decision makers, with regards to the problem of customer allocation, by assuming either static competition or a leader-follower structure. In this article, we address the fair customer allocation within oligopolies by employing the Nash bargaining approach. The overall problem is formulated as mixed integer program with linear constraints and a nonlinear objective function which is further linearised following a separable programming approach. Case studies from the industrial liquid market highlight the importance and benefits of the proposed game theoretic approach.
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Luke, Timothy W. "Reconstructing social theory and the Anthropocene." European Journal of Social Theory 20, no. 1 (July 24, 2016): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368431016647971.
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This study reassesses the concept of the Anthropocene as a new geological age as it is influencing contemporary debates in social theory. As a unit of geological time whose changes are allegedly caused, directly and indirectly, by human beings, this scientific concept challenges the existing constructions of theoretical binaries, such as nature/culture, environment/society, objectivity/subjectivity or happenstance/design, in social theory. The analysis suggests many understandings of the Anthropocene in social theory are politicized over-interpretations of natural events, and these moves appear to be developing moral rhetorics of, and operational plans for, managing the Anthropocene to create specific outcomes for those who are the managers as well as the managed. The fact that human beings do not, in fact, have this measure of technical control is ignored by advocates of Anthropocenarian politics to advance their policy agendas.
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Hareide, Odd Sveinung, Øyvind Jøsok, Mass Soldal Lund, Runar Ostnes, and Kirsi Helkala. "Enhancing Navigator Competence by Demonstrating Maritime Cyber Security." Journal of Navigation 71, no. 5 (April 30, 2018): 1025–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463318000164.
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As technology continues to develop, information and communication technology and operational technology on board ships are increasingly being networked, and more frequently connected to the Internet. The introduction of cyber systems changes the work environment with the aim of decreasing the workload for the navigator, but at the same time introduces more complexity and vulnerabilities that in turn may alter the competencies needed to perform safe and efficient navigation. Contemporary examples of how cyber-attacks can distort situational awareness and interfere with operations are needed to enhance the navigator's competence through increased system awareness. This paper demonstrates some of the possible attack vectors that a cyber-attack can present to a ship, as well as discussing the plausibility and consequences of such attacks. In this study we provide a practical example to better understand how one can demystify cyber threats in order to enhance the navigators' competence.
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DEPCZYŃSKI, Marek, and Wiesław KUCHTA. "EVOLUTION OF RUSSIAN ASSAULT- BREACHING SUBUNIT." Journal of Science of the Gen. Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces 186, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7216.
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In the Russian military art, the effectiveness of combat operations is largely dependent on the capabilities of the military engineering. It can be assumed that the capabilities of engineering forces are one of the major determinants of the efficiency of military operations. Taking into account the assumptions of contemporary operational art and tactics, the military engineering forces are constantly evolving, which results in their adaptation to the changing requirements of the environment of the operations being carried out. In this light, urbanized areas, including large agglomerations, are supposed to be places where engineering tasks will be executed. Based on the experiences of modern armed conflicts, Russian military engineers are primarily prepared for actions in the built-up environment. In the opinion of Russian specialists, the implementation of tasks in urban agglomerations requires the involvement of subunits, which ensure the maintenance of maneuverability, thereby increasing the effectiveness of combat measures used. One of the preferred solutions is to form, mainly on the basis of engineering troops, specialist task forces as assault-breaching subunits. Such an approach to adjusting (modernizing) the Russian Federation’s military engineering forces to the requirements of modern warfare is not revolutionary, but a permanent evolutionary process.
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Bardet, Fabrice, Alexandre Coulondre, and Lucia Shimbo. "Financial natives: Real estate developers at work." Competition & Change 24, no. 3-4 (April 23, 2020): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024529420920234.
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Financialization, even contested, is a major focus of contemporary urban studies. The growing interest of institutional investors in real estate investments has been the subject of in-depth analyses that have suggested the need to critically examine their weight in contemporary urban production. Have investors become the new masters of the urban fabric, to the detriment of historical players such as property developers or local authorities? This article informs the discussion by looking at developers at work and identifying how financial profitability calculations could have invaded their activities. Based on a qualitative survey conducted in France on practising or retired professionals, it shows that there has actually been a surprising degree of stability in professional practices over the past 50 years, even though the economic environment changed at the beginning of the 1990s. Since the origins of the property development sector in France, the real estate firms have had close ties with the financial industry and have been using financial instruments. This is why they were considered as ‘financial natives’, while employees at the operational level remain outside the scope of the colonization of organizations by financial quantifications. The specific nature of real estate work, particularly its political component, means that decisions lower down in these companies cannot be guided solely by financial ratios. The extent of the changes triggered by the massive arrival of financial investments has not been as great as it may seem, since developers appear to have maintained most of their ability to influence contemporary urban governance.
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Lau, Kung Wong, Pui Yuen Lee, and Yan Yi Chung. "A collective organizational learning model for organizational development." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 40, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-06-2018-0228.
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Purpose Organizational learning is traditionally structured with conventional in-house learning models aiming to equip employees with practical skills for operational needs. In contrast, contemporary goals emphasize unstructured organizational learning provided with learning environments to facilitate employees’ formal and informal knowledge creation. Therefore, the conventional organizational learning models are facing tremendous challenges, and it is crucial to change the traditional modes of practice into a new approach of collective learning and knowledge transfer. As well, the emergence of innovative business environments and tacit knowledge-based society urges a new form of organizational learning model to cope with employees’ learning, knowledge transfer and even knowledge management. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors’ team applied a typological review for systematically analyzing current organizational learning models aiming to modify and create a new collective model. Findings The new model covers the strengths of existing approaches from which the fundamental 3Ps (i.e. principles, purposes and processes of organizational learning) concept is derived from incorporating a development perspective of organizational trajectories and technological innovations. Originality/value The authors envisage that the new model can facilitate organizations to assess and adapt their organizational learning needs and orientations by applying this organic and dynamic model which emphasizes assessment in relation to the competitive environment, technological trends and organizational growth.
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Giousmpasoglou, Charalampos, Evangelia Marinakou, and Anastasios Zopiatis. "Hospitality managers in turbulent times: the COVID-19 crisis." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 33, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 1297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-07-2020-0741.
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Purpose This study aims to explore the role General Managers (GMs) play in mitigating the effects of the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative structured interviews conducted online with 50 hospitality GMs from 45 countries are used to explore the impact of the pandemic on the industry’s operational norms and the role of managers in both managing the crisis and planning contingencies for recovery. Findings The findings enhance the conceptual capital in this emerging field and provide insights on how GMs behave during crises. Four related sub-themes emerged from the data analysis, namely, contingency planning and crisis management, resilience and impact on GM roles, the impact on hotels’ key functional areas and some GMs’ suggestions for the future of luxury hospitality. Research limitations/implications This study generates empirical data that inform contemporary debates about crisis management and resilience in hospitality organizations at a micro-level operational perspective. Practical implications Findings suggest that, in times of uncertainty and crisis, luxury hotel GMs are vital in coping with changes and leading their organizations to recovery. GMs’ resilience and renewed role and abilities enable them to adapt rapidly to external changes on their business environment. Originality/value This study is unique in terms of scale and depth, as it provides useful insights regarding the GM’s role during an unprecedented crisis such as COVID-19.
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Moore, Brian A., John C. Moring, Willie J. Hale, and Alan L. Peterson. "Incidence Rates of Tinnitus in Active Duty Military Service Members Between 2001 and 2015." American Journal of Audiology 28, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 866–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_aja-19-0029.
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Purpose Due to hazards in the contemporary operating environment, U.S. military service members are at increased risk for tinnitus. Previous research has characterized tinnitus prevalence in military veterans, but no population-based study of tinnitus has been conducted in active duty military service members. This study evaluated the incidence of tinnitus diagnoses in military electronic health records based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes for active duty service members between 2001 and 2015. Method Data on 85,438 active duty military service members who served between 2001 and 2015 were drawn from the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database and stratified by race, age, sex, marital status, service branch, and military pay grade. Results The incidence rate of tinnitus in U.S. military service members (per 1,000) rose consistently from 1.84 in 2001 to 6.33 in 2015. Service members most often diagnosed with tinnitus were White (72%), married (72%), males (88%), in the enlisted pay grade of E-5 to E-9 (55%), in the Army (37%), and were 35 years of age or older (50%). Statistically significant differences ( p < .001) were found between observed and expected counts across all 6 demographic variables. Conclusions This is the first study to assess the incidence rates of tinnitus in active duty service members. Although there are many risk factors for auditory damage in the contemporary military operating environment, the extant literature on tinnitus in active duty military service members is limited. Future studies should consider the relationship between tinnitus-related psychological comorbidity and objective health-related quality of life, as it impacts operational readiness in active duty military service members.
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Alevizaki, Olga, Olga Smirnova, Luisa Svitich, and Mikhail Shkondin. "Journalist as Author and Editor in Russian Media Environment." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 8, no. 4 (October 26, 2019): 679–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2019.8(4).679-703.
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The article deals with writing and editing practices as key components of media environment that consolidate public intelligence and social activities. The authors analyze the results of a sociological study that involved a survey sampling 93 journalists from 27 Russian regional newspapers. The respondents were asked to give their opinion on mission and tasks of journalism, on types, stages and methods of writing and editing practices, on genre and topic-specific focus and other currently important issues. The study shows that regional journalists are largely focused on satisfying their audience’s needs and interests, and have a rather adequate and fully professional understanding of the essentials and features of writing and editing practices. The research also revealed that writing and editing practices are still dominant among other journalist activities, albeit they have survived significant transformations resulting from the most recent technological and socio-political processes. Meanwhile, the processes of writing and editing demonstrate increased operational efficiency and wider opportunities for communication and obtaining information. Emergence of new technological tools contribute to the development of media-publicity. Thus, journalists of regional newspapers are now working within the contemporary trend in conventive communication strategies and techniques, which generally conforms to the existing conditions characterized by a growing importance of discourse media landscapes as means of involving intelligence resources in programming, and in modelling and building up social practices. Besides describing and analyzing the criteria, conditions and factors of optimality of writing and editing, the authors note some negative current trends, particularly, multitasking of a journalist. This key trend requires a journalist not only to be a universal author, but also to act as a media-man that performs a large number of tasks, such as processing the content, its placement and promotion, etc. This leads to the necessity of acquiring new skills in preparing convergent content for various media-platforms and performing multiple functions under the pressure of staff redundancies. All this, together with other factors, has added to the increasing stressfulness of the profession, and caused a significant growth of the secondary, stereotypical, content. At the same time, veracity of the reported information and the share of high-quality and exclusive publications have decreased.
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Klobucar, Blaz, Johan Östberg, Märit Jansson, and Thomas Barfoed Randrup. "Long-Term Validation and Governance Role in Contemporary Urban Tree Monitoring: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 11, 2020): 5589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145589.
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Urban trees provide important ecosystem services, across ownership and governance structures, and tree inventories are an important tool enabling urban foresters and green space managers to monitor and perform the sustainable management of urban trees. For optimal management of urban trees, a better understanding is needed concerning how urban tree inventories can provide long-term monitoring overviews across administrative borders, and how inventory protocols should be adapted to address specific practitioner issues. In this review, 98 articles on urban tree inventories were examined, the primary focus being sampling design. A governance arrangement approach was applied to identify the policy-making arrangements behind the inventories. Stratification is commonly used in the sampling design, despite being problematic for long-term representativeness. Only 10% of the stratification sampling designs identified were considered as having long-term validity. The studies frequently relied on an individual sampling design aimed at a particular issue, as opposed to using an existing longitudinal sampling network. Although private trees can constitute over 50% of the urban tree population, 41% of the studies reviewed did not include private trees at all. Urban tree inventories focused primarily on tree data on a local scale. Users or private tree owners are commonly not included in these studies, and limited attention is paid to economic, cultural or social factors. A long-term validation of sampling methods in urban areas, and a multi-lateral approach to tree inventories, are needed to maintain long-term operational value for local managers in securing ecosystem service provisions for entire urban forests.
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Sicignano, Enrico, Giacomo Di Ruocco, and Roberta Melella. "Mitigation Strategies for Reduction of Embodied Energy and Carbon, in the Construction Systems of Contemporary Quality Architecture." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 11, 2019): 3806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143806.
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The criticality related to the consumption of operational energy and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of existing buildings is clearly decreasing in new buildings due to the strategies tested and applied in recent years in the energy retrofit sector. Recently, studies have been focusing on strategies to reduce environmental impacts related to the entire life cycle of the building organism, with reference to the reduction of embodied energy (and related greenhouse gas emissions) in building materials. As part of EEA’s European EBC project, Annex 57, a wide range of case studies have been promoted with the aim of identifying design strategies that can reduce the embodied energy and related greenhouse gas emissions of buildings. The aim of this paper is to investigate the most common construction systems in the construction industry (concrete, steel, wood) through the analysis of three contemporary architectural works, with the aim of identifying the predisposition for environmental sustainability of each technological system, thus guiding the operators in the sector towards design choices more compatible with the environmental requirements recommended by European legislation.
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Šostakas, Henrichas, and Jūratė Guščinskienė. "Means of Conscripts’ Motivation and their Application in General Adolfas Ramanauskas Combat Training Centre." Public Policy And Administration 18, no. 1 (April 9, 2019): 118–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.18.1.23132.
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The purpose of this scientific article is to identify the most persistent motivational measures of conscripts applied at General Adolf Ramanauskas Combat Training Center. The article discusses motivation, motivating and motivation measures applied in contemporary civil organizations and the Lithuanian Armed Forces. The empirical part of the article is based on the authentic investigation of conscripts, which was carried out in the spring of 2018 in the “Vanagas” Operational Environment Company. The results of the research revealed that the most significant motivating factors for a conscript are such as the need for personal accomplishments and respect. What concerns the group of material motivation measures, the conscripts are best motivated by provision of health care services and social guarantees. In case of intangible values, they are most motivated by the opportunity to develop and pursue a career. Priority motivating measures that could encourage soldiers to serve better could be likewise: commanders’ support and trust, a friendly team, clear and interesting tasks, increase of cash benefits and organization of leisure time activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.18.1.23132
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Parsania, Shahrzad. "On Optimal Sizing of a Solar Thermal Building: A Novel Approach." E3S Web of Conferences 57 (2018): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185704004.
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Within the last decade, domestic energy management has gained a lot of attention. As the complexity of the solar thermal system in terms of the number of system components and energy sources increases, understanding how to manage the cooperation of all the components in order to improve the global efficiency measurements is of crucial importance. Here, the question is how to define an optimal size of the main components in a solar thermal system in order to minimize system cost. Unlike the existing approaches, we propose the use of a novel algorithm called Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) to analyze the accurate sizing of energy components, i.e. collector size, tank volume and Auxiliary Power Unit (APU). The objective is to maximize solar fraction, minimize the energy consumption and installation costs subject to constraints. Our proposed GSA model is evaluated and compared with one of the most well-known algorithms, Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) taking into account the fundamental system characteristics. Numerical results show that our proposed methodology significantly improves energy efficiency and reduces operational cost of the solar thermal system in contemporary built environment.
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Coghlan, Christopher, JoAnne Labrecque, Yu Ma, and Laurette Dubé. "A Biological Adaptability Approach to Innovation for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Strategic Insights from and for Health-Promoting Agri-Food Innovation." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 4227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104227.
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Adaptability has emerged in management/entrepreneurship literature as a business strategy to innovate, perform, and respond in a flexible manner to ever-changing contexts. Contemporary culture blurs boundaries between physical, biological, and digital domains, accelerating what entrepreneurship in sectors such as agri-food contributes to societal-scale solutions to problems at the convergence of social and commercial activities. In this study, we build upon the adaptability of biological systems to propose an approach to innovation, anchored in a tight, dynamic alignment between the strategic DNA of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the contexts in which they evolve. Our model employs interviews and supporting archival research on the health-promoting innovation practices of 37 SMEs in the agri-food sector. A two-year, single firm analysis illustrates its relevance and operational feasibility. Evidence suggests that the strategic DNA of SMEs, seen through the entrepreneurs’ identity, informs behavior at various stages of the innovation process and the enterprise’s evolution. Shifting identity prioritization is a reality, and interaction between entrepreneurial organizations and the environment is best understood as an interaction between the DNA of the entrepreneur/enterprise and the environment. This is valuable and will help agri-food and other SMEs to improve their ability to make the internal and external strategic adjustments required in a rapidly changing landscapes to create viable health-promoting food products.
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Prorokowski, Lukasz. "Operational risk capital charges (Basel II): factoring in external loss data to the internal datasets." Journal of Risk Finance 16, no. 5 (November 16, 2015): 519–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-05-2015-0049.
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Purpose – This paper aims to discuss ideas of factoring in external loss data to the internal loss data sets to obtain a true picture of operational losses for non-bank financial services firms, focusing on a case study of the interdealer brokers business and a specific Basel II category of the operational risk capital charges. As it transpires, financial services firms are increasingly required by regulators to merge external loss data with their internal data sets when using a loss distribution approach. However, there is a significant constrain on the availability and completeness of the external data for non-bank financial services firms. Design/methodology/approach – Embarking on a modified Kaplan-Meier method is a clever way of factoring in external loss data into the internal data set. It allows non-bank financial firms to choose which fragments of the data constitute “the best fit”. In choosing the external data, this paper posits that such firms need to rely on loss-type events that display similar patterns in probabilities of occurrence. This method eliminates over-reliance on the external data that are specific for a different entity. One of the most important assumption underpinning the method presented in this paper is the fact that constant time intervals between the recorded operational loss events are assumed. Hereto, reaching a certain level of loss is used as the event of interest in both groups. For simplification purposes and to eliminate the noise and capture significant losses, we set this level as a multiplicity of the interdealer broker’s loss threshold. Findings – Obtaining external loss data is difficult for the non-bank financial services firms. Furthermore, institutions operating as interdealer brokers are exposed to different levels of operational risk that affect their own Advanced Measurement Approach to capital charges under Basel II. The existing consortium data sets are not suitable for non-bank financial institutions. With this in mind, the non-bank firms should select only the parts of the external data that fit their business environment. Originality/value – This paper should be of interest to any financial services firms that is required by regulators to merge its internal loss data sets with external loss data. Furthermore, this paper makes strong recommendations for regulators who should understand that the contemporary operational risk consortium data sets are not suitable for non-bank financial services firms.
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Ghadge, Abhijeet, Qifan Yang, Nigel Caldwell, Christian König, and Manoj Kumar Tiwari. "Facility location for a closed-loop distribution network: a hybrid approach." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 44, no. 9 (September 12, 2016): 884–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-07-2015-0094.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find a sustainable facility location solution for a closed-loop distribution network in the uncertain environment created by of high levels of product returns from online retailing coupled with growing pressure to reduce carbon emissions. Design/methodology/approach A case study approach attempts to optimize the distribution centre (DC) location decision for single and double hub scenarios. A hybrid approach combining centre of gravity and mixed integer programming is established for the un-capacitated multiple allocation facility location problem. Empirical data from a major national UK retail distributor network is used to validate the model. Findings The paper develops a contemporary model that can take into account multiple factors (e.g. operational and transportation costs and supply chain (SC) risks) while improving performance on environmental sustainability. Practical implications Based on varying product return rates, SC managers can decide whether to choose a single or a double hub solution to meet their needs. The study recommends a two hub facility location approach to mitigate emergent SC risks and disruptions. Originality/value A two-stage hybrid approach outlines a unique technique to generate candidate locations under twenty-first century conditions for new DCs.
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Vasegaard, Alex Elkjær, Mathieu Picard, Florent Hennart, Peter Nielsen, and Subrata Saha. "Multi Criteria Decision Making for the Multi-Satellite Image Acquisition Scheduling Problem." Sensors 20, no. 5 (February 25, 2020): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051242.
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The multi-satellite image acquisition scheduling problem is traditionally seen as a complex optimization problem containing a generic objective function that represents the priority structure of the satellite operator. However, the majority of literature neglect the collective and contemporary effect of factors associated with the operational goal in the objective function, i.e., uncertainty in cloud cover, customer priority, image quality criteria, etc. Consequently, the focus of the article is to integrate a real-time scoring approach of imaging attempts that considers these aspects. This is accomplished in a multi-satellite planning environment, through the utilization of the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) models, Elimination and Choice Expressing Reality (ELECTRE-III) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and the formulation of a binary linear programming model. The two scoring approaches belong to different model classes of MCDM, respectively an outranking approach and a distance to ideal point approach, and they are compared with a naive approach. Numerical experiments are conducted to validate the models and illustrate the importance of criteria neglected in previous studies. The results demonstrate the customized behaviour allowed by MCDM methods, especially the ELECTRE-III approach.
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Krkoleva Mateska, Aleksandra, Petar Krstevski, and Stefan Borozan. "Overview and Improvement of Procedures and Practices of Electricity Transmission System Operators in South East Europe to Mitigate Cybersecurity Threats." Systems 9, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems9020039.
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The implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in power systems increases the risks of cybersecurity threats, requiring protection measures that should reflect the multi-actor environment of the contemporary power systems. This paper provides a critical assessment of the cybersecurity practices of the transmission system operators (TSOs) from South East Europe (SEE) and the implementation of obligations for TSOs emerging from the complex set of cybersecurity and electricity legislation. The analyses of TSO cybersecurity practices are based on a survey conducted with the TSOs from SEE and show there is a lack of consistent cybersecurity policy at the TSO level. These analyses demonstrate that the differences between TSOs from the SEE region are not very significant with regards to implementation of technical protection and defense measures for critical infrastructures (CIs) and assets. The comprehensive analyses of electricity and cybersecurity legislation uncover the obligations of TSOs emerging from legislation and relate them to current TSO cybersecurity practices, confirming the necessity to boost existing practices. Considering the analyzed legislation and implemented practices, this paper presents a proposal for a cybersecurity framework for TSOs that should improve their organizational and operational response to the evolving cybersecurity challenges.
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Joseph, Anjali, Sara Bayramzadeh, Zahra Zamani, and Bill Rostenberg. "Safety, Performance, and Satisfaction Outcomes in the Operating Room: A Literature Review." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 11, no. 2 (April 24, 2017): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586717705107.
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Objective: This review of empirical literature focuses on the design of operating rooms (ORs) by investigating the physical environmental features of ORs associated with patient and staff outcomes. Background: Many ORs built more than 30 years ago remain operational today. However, most are inadequately designed to handle the equipment, processes, and people that a contemporary OR needs to accommodate. However, the evidence base for designing ORs has been sorely lacking, and little guidance exists on how OR design can improve safety and performance outcomes. Method: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and the university’s linked databases. The inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed journal articles that reported some aspect of the physical environment of ORs along with outcomes. The study included empirical studies as well as nonempirical best practice papers. Results: This literature review uncovered 211 articles. The main themes that emerged include OR design-related factors, ventilation, temperature and humidity, acoustical environment, lighting, and materials. Some environmental threats to patient safety in the OR include frequent door openings, clutter, poor air quality, surface contamination, and noise. Further, staff performance and satisfaction were impacted by factors such as the OR layout and equipment and furniture ergonomics. Conclusion: This literature review provides an overview of the research organized into design-focused topic areas to support decision-making by architects and designers. This article highlights gaps in the research and identifies areas where best practice and design assumptions need to be evaluated using rigorous design research.
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de Gastines, Maureen, and Andrea Pattini. "Fachadas vidriadas: cálculo de transmitancia térmica." Revista Hábitat Sustentable 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 08–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07190700.2021.11.01.01.
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Glazing is one of the dominant features of modern and contemporary architecture. This envelope design may have a great impact on operational energy demand of buildings. In this work, glazed façade systems available in Argentina are analyzed, with the purpose of determining the associated thermal transmittance ranges, in terms of the profiles’ design, the type of glazing and the size of glass panes. First, by using bidimensional numerical calculation, the impact of several profile design parameters on thermal transmittance is studied, highlighting the relevance of glazing fixing methods, to then calculate the thermal transmittance of the entire facade. The results indicate that the thermal transmittance value of glazed facades, mainly depends on the transmittance of the glass used, and exceeds this by 24% on average.
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Rančić, Miodrag, R. James Purser, Dušan Jović, Ratko Vasic, and Thomas Black. "A Nonhydrostatic Multiscale Model on the Uniform Jacobian Cubed Sphere." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 3 (March 2017): 1083–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0178.1.
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The rapid expansion of contemporary computers is expected to enable operational integrations of global models of the atmosphere at resolutions close to 1 km, using tens of thousands of processors in the foreseeable future. Consequently, the algorithmic approach to global modeling of the atmosphere will need to change in order to better adjust to the new computing environment. One simple and convenient solution is to use low-order finite-differencing models, which generally require only local exchange of messages between processing elements, and thus are more compatible with the new computing environment. These models have already been tested with physics and are well established at high resolutions over regional domains. A global nonhydrostatic model, the Nonhydrostatic Multiscale Model on the B grid (NMMB), developed at the Environmental Modeling Center of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction during the first decade of this century is one such model. A drawback of the original version of global NMMB is that it is discretized on the standard longitude–latitude grid and requires application of Fourier polar filtering, which is relatively inefficient on massively parallel computers. This paper describes a reformulation of the NMMB on the grid geometry of a novel cubed sphere featuring a uniform Jacobian of the horizontal mapping, which provides a uniform resolution close to that of the equiangular gnomonic cubed sphere, but with a smooth transition of coordinates across the edges. The modeling approach and encountered challenges are discussed and several results are shown that demonstrate the viability of the approach.
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Pryor, Kenneth L., Tyler Wawrzyniak, and Da-Lin Zhang. "The College Park, Maryland, Tornado of 24 September 2001." Geosciences 9, no. 10 (October 22, 2019): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9100452.
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The 24 September 2001 College Park, Maryland, tornado was a long-track and strong tornado that passed within a close range of two Doppler radars. It was the third in a series of three tornadoes associated with a supercell storm that developed in Stafford County, Virginia, and initiated 3–4 km southwest of College Park and dissipated near Columbia, Howard County. The supercell tracked approximately 120 km and lasted for about 126 min. This study presents a synoptic and mesoscale overview of favorable conditions and forcing mechanisms that resulted in the severe convective outbreak associated with the College Park tornado. The results show many critical elements of the tornadic event, including a negative-tilted upper-level trough over the Ohio Valley, a jet stream with moderate vertical shear, a low-level warm, moist tongue of the air associated with strong southerly flow over south-central Maryland and Virginia, and significantly increased convective available potential energy (CAPE) during the late afternoon hours. A possible role of the urban heat island effects from Washington, DC, in increasing CAPE for the development of the supercell is discussed. Satellite imagery reveals the banded convective morphology with high cloud tops associated with the supercell that produced the College Park tornado. Operational WSR-88D data exhibit a high reflectivity “debris ball” or tornadic debris signature (TDS) within the hook echo, the evolution of the parent storm from a supercell structure to a bow echo, and a tornado cyclone signature (TCS). Many of the mesoscale features could be captured by contemporary numerical model analyses. This study concludes with a discussion of the effectiveness of the coordinated use of satellite and radar observations in the operational environment of nowcasting severe convection.
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Tampah-Naah, Christopher. "Beyond the Rhetoric of Sexual Harassment Policy to Good Leadership in Higher Education Institutions: Case Study, University for Development Studies." Journal of Education and Practice 4, no. 4 (November 24, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jep.487.
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Purpose: Sexual harassment has been working itself up as a social canker where women are widely abused. Regrettably, this menace has been systematically ignored by the relevant authorities. Sexual harassment has gained currency in institutions of higher learning for several reasons. The study is limited to sexual harassment of females since this is pervasive and systematic. The paper investigates the extent of sexual harassment in contemporary times, its impact on the learning environment of higher education institutions. The paper also attempts to identify perpetrators of this heinous act. The study uses the University for Development Studies as case study. The writer closely examines the Sexual Harassment Policy of the University which only became operational in 2018.Methodology: A qualitative research design was employed. The population was the student leadership (Student Representative Council- SRC) of the multi-campus structure of the University for Development Studies (40), Simple random sampling technique was used to draw a sample size of 8 from which qualitative data was obtained using interview schedules for the four (4) Campuses of the University. Direct-observations and interviews of some key persons in the University was also employed.Results: The study revealed some weaknesses of the policy and concludes that the policy per se does not guarantee a complete protection for victims of sexual abuses. This therefore leaves much to be desired. Unique Contribution to theory, practice and policy: The paper therefore draws attention to this handicap that indeed, the policy may be in the right direction, but in itself not a sufficient bulwark against sexual harassment on campus. The writer therefore advocates extra guarantees or interventions for the University for Development Studies, whose policy on sexual harassment only recently became operational. Additional safeguards are recommended and above all a committed leadership to make the sexual harassment policy work
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Ullah, Zia, and Jin Hur. "A Comprehensive Review of Winding Short Circuit Fault and Irreversible Demagnetization Fault Detection in PM Type Machines." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 3309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123309.
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Contemporary research has shown impetus in the diagnostics of permanent magnet (PM) type machines. The manufacturers are now more interested in building diagnostics features in the control algorithms of machines to make them more salable and reliable. A compact structure, exclusive high-power density, high torque density, and efficiency make the PM machine an attractive option to use in industrial applications. The impact of a harsh operational environment most often leads to faults in PM machines. The diagnosis and nipping of such faults at an early stage have appeared as the prime concern of manufacturers and end users. This paper reviews the recent advances in fault diagnosis techniques of the two most frequently occurring faults, namely inter-turn short fault (ITSF) and irreversible demagnetization fault (IDF). ITSF is associated with a short circuit in stator winding turns in the same phase of the machine, while IDF is associated with the weakening strength of the PM in the rotor. A detailed literature review of different categories of fault indexes and their strengths and weaknesses is presented. The research trends in the fault diagnosis and the shortcomings of available literature are discussed. Moreover, potential research directions and techniques applicable for possible solutions are also extensively suggested.
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VanInsberghe, David, Philip Arevalo, Diana Chien, and Martin F. Polz. "How can microbial population genomics inform community ecology?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1798 (March 23, 2020): 20190253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0253.
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Populations are fundamental units of ecology and evolution, but can we define them for bacteria and archaea in a biologically meaningful way? Here, we review why population structure is difficult to recognize in microbes and how recent advances in measuring contemporary gene flow allow us to identify clearly delineated populations among collections of closely related genomes. Such structure can arise from preferential gene flow caused by coexistence and genetic similarity, defining populations based on biological mechanisms. We show that such gene flow units are sufficiently genetically isolated for specific adaptations to spread, making them also ecological units that are differentially adapted compared to their closest relatives. We discuss the implications of these observations for measuring bacterial and archaeal diversity in the environment. We show that operational taxonomic units defined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing have woefully poor resolution for ecologically defined populations and propose monophyletic clusters of nearly identical ribosomal protein genes as an alternative measure for population mapping in community ecological studies employing metagenomics. These population-based approaches have the potential to provide much-needed clarity in interpreting the vast microbial diversity in human and environmental microbiomes. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Conceptual challenges in microbial community ecology’.
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Boccia Artieri, Giovanni, and Laura Gemini. "Mass media and the web in the light of Luhmann’s media system." Current Sociology 67, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 563–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392119837542.
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The aim of the article is to observe the contemporary media system in the light of Luhmann’s media system, namely a specific function system of society which has witnessed ever greater internal complexity vis-a-vis an environment marked by the spread of the web and social network sites. From the viewpoint of sociocybernetics, the question of increased complexity can be addressed through an ecological approach in order to analyse the distinction between the mass media and the web – in its specific 2.0 evolution, characterized by user-generated content and algorithms. This approach allows to observe the reciprocal relations by preserving the autonomy of the two spheres without resorting to explanations that have to do with hybridization or the blur of the boundaries. In this sense the article analyses Facebook – as an example of web 2.0 operational logic – as a social system distinct from that of the mass media, where the first substantial difference depends on the role played by individuals in reproducing communication and on the role of the algorithm. In this sense mass media and the web are treated on the basis of their relationship of structural coupling by observing how they irritate, or disturb, each other and at the same time maintain their autonomy.
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MIHAI, Paul. "GLOBALIZATION – A FORM OF MANIFESTATION OF THE HYBRID WAR." STRATEGIES XXI - Command and Staff College 17, no. 1 (July 26, 2021): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-2028-21-10.
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Abstract: The growing scale and diversity of specific events of globalization, taking place on a global scale in the first two decades of the 21st century prove indisputably that actions assimilated to the hybrid warfare have become the most significant threat to nations. Unlike conventional warfare, hybrid forms do not involve direct or declarative actions of open conflict, but rather involve complex issues that are constantly unfolding and that are constantly evolving. Like globalization, the conflict no longer has a geographical delimitation or an infrastructure component, and populations are no longer the main fighters of these conflicts. In this article I will seek to answer some questions about the phenomenon of globalization and its implications for amplifying the manifestations of hybrid warfare in the contemporary operational environment, especially those of a cyber, terrorist, climatological, biological and organized crime nature, while presenting the concerns of international actors for increasing investments in research in the armament industry, improving military intelligence and long-range capabilities, in order to use military power as a tool of intimidation in foreign policy, active involvement of forces in punishing actors on the “axis of evil”, as well as the partial recovery of old areas of influence at regional or global level.
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Abu Yazid Adnan Quthny. "Hermeneutika Manhaj Tafsir Fazlur Rahman." Asy-Syari’ah : Jurnal Hukum Islam 4, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/assyariah.v4i2.104.
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As a method of Tafsir - in the context of classical science -, hermeneutics is used to solve, interpret and interpret the meanings contained in scriptures, jurisprudence, ancient documents and texts. Hermeneutics as a theory of interpretation will surely give birth to hetereutic products as operational-applications tafsirnya. Fazlur Rahman is one of contemporary Muslim thinkers using the hermeneutic approach in nash interpretation. He grew up in a strong family environment in holding religious teachings by adopting a system of schools against Imam Hanafi (Sunni) as a figure of mujtahid madhhab ulama with traditional-conventional Islamic thinking and developing his scholarship to Western world which influenced many modern-contemporary thinking patterns. Rahman's education with traditional and contemporary background is apparent in his ijtihad results by carrying on the Qur'an, systematic-interpretation and logical-synthesis approaches. Rahman's traditional-liberal form of thought can be understood from his superior theory of double movement theory which was launched in 1982 AD with his basic ideas and ideas about the fundamental differences between the legal aspects of the Qur'an and the ideal aspects of the moral al -Qur'an. The integration of an education system of the traditional system in the state of origin (Pakistan) with the modern system of philosophy while continuing its studies in the West (France) made Rahman consistent with the position of al-Qur'an and sunna as the source of the first and main Islamic teachings as a means to uncover the meaning of the text and messages of both mashdar al-hukm. Fazlur Rahman classified as a unique and prominent thinker of his time is very interesting to be studied. He grew up in Pakistan and expanded his science to France and then to Chicago Canada who was later invited by his local government to return to help in Pakistan. But his struggle in his birthplace did not last long which made Rahman have to move back to Chicago, Canada. It seems like this hijrah experience as a reference to make it easier to remind us of the popular hermeneutic theory which is also pacing or reciprocity between inductive and deductive ie double movement theory around text, context and contextualization
Keywords: method , Tafsir and hermeneutics
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Birasnav, M. "Relationship between transformational leadership behaviors and manufacturing strategy." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 22, no. 2 (May 6, 2014): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-10-2011-0520.
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Purpose – It is widely agreed that top management's leadership behavior is a source for achieving and sustaining competitive advantage. Very few research studies analyzed the prevalence of transformational leadership style in the manufacturing environment, and importantly, the associations between transformational behaviors and manufacturing strategies in connection with flexibility, quality, delivery, and cost are not yet deeply explored in the literature. In this direction, efforts are initiated to explain the relationships between transformational leadership behaviors and manufacturing strategies in this study. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic literature review was conducted by analyzing all traditional and contemporary research studies in the fields of leadership and operations management in order to examine the link between transformational leadership and manufacturing strategies comprising of flexibility, quality, delivery, and cost strategy. Findings – It was found from the review that top-level leaders exhibit transformational leadership behaviors while implementing manufacturing strategies in their firms. In particular, transformational leaders are capable to transform the production system into flexible system, and in addition, they develop new production processes for manufacturing both new and old products. Such leaders ensure quality in all the levels of production process and support to speed up order delivery process with the help of technology. Finally, they also concentrate on reducing cost growth. Research limitations/implications – This study is bounded by its focus on Bass and Avolio's transformational leadership behaviors and Ward and Duray's manufacturing strategies comprising of flexibility, quality, delivery, and cost strategy. Originality/value – This study shows that transformational leaders, in the manufacturing environment, use manufacturing strategy as a tool to improve operational performance. Thus, they have potential to achieve and sustain competitive advantage through formulation of manufacturing strategy.
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TOROI, George-Ion. "THE IMPORTANCE OF MISSION ANALYSIS IN MODERN MILITARY OPERATIONS." STRATEGIES XXI - Command and Staff College 17, no. 1 (July 26, 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-2028-21-08.
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Abstract: The complexity of today’s operational environment has a direct impact on the military instrument of power of every nation. Nowadays, conflicts have a much bigger unconventional component. This component lies in the types of actors involved and the methods used by them. Most contemporary conflicts are no longer classic confrontations between two states that use their military constituent to impose their will on the adversary. Today, the other instruments of power play an equally important role. The resolution of today's conflicts does not only require a military approach to the problem, which further complicates the mission of the military forces, as they are forced to focus on other areas outside the military. Today, non-state actors play a much more important role in armed conflicts. They often fail to comply with international conventions on armed conflict and use any means available to achieve their own goals. In addition, the unprecedented technological development of society in general, but also the unrestricted access to these types of technologies further facilitates the use of unconventional methods by malicious non-state actors in support of their own interests. Therefore, it can be seen that, nowadays, the complexity of armed conflicts has increased exponentially, and the identification and understanding of the problem, the causes of conflicts, as well as the ways to resolve it have become increasingly difficult to achieve. In this regard, I believe that the military should develop appropriate procedures to support the correct understanding of what needs to be done to achieve success and to insist on optimizing the mission analysis as part of the military operations planning process, analysis that should develop the correct understanding of the situation and should support viable future options to solve the conflict.
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Luhar, Salmabanu, Ismail Luhar, Demetris Nicolaides, and Rajesh Gupta. "Durability Performance Evaluation of Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 25, 2021): 5969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115969.
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Unfortunately, the production of cement impacts pessimistically on environments since it emits CO2—a principal Green House Gas (GHG)—encouraging the earth-heating dilemma. Moreover, it necessitates not only high temperature produced by the devouring of narrow natural mineral coal resources to obtain very high amounts of energy, but it also gulps down natural limestone deposits as a raw material that is found confined in nature to obtain intense energy. Quite recently, geopolymerisation—an exothermic process, through which geopolymeric binders can be produced by synthesis of a pozzolanic precursor rich in Alumina and Silica, for an instant, Fly Ash, with alkali solution for activation in an alkali medium at a low temperature and low operational energy—is recognized as a brilliantly promising alternative to conventional cement. That means, no elevated temperature and higher energy consuming reactions are essential any more as found associated with contemporary cement production. This research paper moves towards fulfilling the performance evaluation of durability studies viz., water permeability, sorptivity, sulphate resistance, acid resistance, salt resistance, chloride diffusion, drying shrinkage, and corrosion of fly ash based user and eco-friendly rubberized (containing rubber tyre fibres) geopolymer concrete. Comparisons of the outcomes have been made with its counterpart, which has unearthed that Rubberized Geopolymer Concrete proved to better concerning all the above-mentioned parameters than Rubberized OPC-Concrete.
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Kaufman, Dora. "Data Capitalism: Efficiency as a sociability degree function." Economic Analysis of Law Review 11, no. 2 (November 25, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31501/ealr.v11i2.11940.
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The purpose of this paper is to address the relationship between sociability and efficiency in AI-drive models, in how contemporary economics has brought the notion of efficiency into our personal lives. Initially we introduced the basics of three key concepts of the article: data capitalism, data and deep learning. Next, we describe the exponential evolution of storage, processing and transmission technology showing that over the years, the ability to transform analog data into digital data has expanded exponentially. This capacity increased the efficiency of the operational processes with the measure of efficiency calculated and controlled against the maximum potential of the digital data produced in these interactions. For traditional firms, competing with digital rivals involves rearchitecting the firm’s organization and operating model. The compartmentalisation in silos compromises the efficiency of AI-drive models which demand integrated data base. The digital transformation requires huge investment in management, time and financial resources. However, it is the only way to remain competitive and survive in the 21st century market. The commitment to identify and measure user preferences and habits, and then to predict behaviour, is the logic behind technology platforms and applications, online social networks, e-commerce and search engines. Digital platforms are designed to extend the lifespan of their users, thereby generating greater engagement and more data. The originality of this paper is to correlate sociability and economic efficiency in the present business environment with a technological and social approach.
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Obrenovic, Bojan, Jianguo Du, Danijela Godinic, Diana Tsoy, Muhammad Aamir Shafique Khan, and Ilimdorjon Jakhongirov. "Sustaining Enterprise Operations and Productivity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: “Enterprise Effectiveness and Sustainability Model”." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 5981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155981.
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The research explores key factors impacting enterprise operational sustainability and the ability to transcend adversity during different stages of a crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study draws from the Theory of Crisis Management Teams, the Stakeholder Theory, and the Distributed Cognition Theory to build an “Enterprise Effectiveness and Sustainability Model during Pandemic.” Existing theoretical background joint with contemporary success case studies helped to identify the essential aspects and strategies enterprises should employ to survive and thrive during crisis and post-crisis. We have conceptualized an innovative approach to COVID-19 from the perspective of organizational characteristics, operations, digital transformation, and financial planning. The findings suggest that enterprises having distributed leadership, workforce and adaptive culture sustain business operations during a pandemic. Furthermore, resilient enterprises allow for more informed and decentralized decision-making. Prosperous organizations leverage Internet and Communication Technology (ICT) and integrate Intranet, social media, and online communication platforms into their daily business routines, as this helps to establish trust and build bonds with employees, stakeholders, and customers during and post-crisis. Finally, balancing between the stockpiling of resources and resiliency is crucial in anticipation of a crisis. Therefore, we conclude that enterprises with financial contingency plans sustain their business operations during a pandemic.