Journal articles: 'Content cordycepin'

1

Turk, Ayman, Solip Lee, Sang Won Yeon, et al. "Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitory Activity of Medicinal Plants: Boost the Production of Cordycepin in Cordyceps militaris." Antioxidants 12, no. 6 (2023): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12061260.

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Cordycepin, also known as 3′-deoxyadenosine, is a major active ingredient of Cordyceps militaris with diverse pharmacological effects. Due to its limited supply, many attempts have been conducted to enhance the cordycepin content. As part of this study, eight medicinal plants were supplemented with cultivation substrates of Cordyceps to increase the cordycepin content. Cordyceps cultivated on brown rice supplemented with Mori Folium, Curcumae Rhizoma, Saururi Herba, and Angelicae Gigantis Radix exhibited increased cordycepin content compared to a brown rice control. Among them, the addition of 25% Mori Folium increased the cordycepin content up to 4 times. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) modulates the deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine, and the inhibitors have therapeutic potential with anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. As ADA is also known to be involved in converting cordycepin to 3′-deoxyinosine, the inhibitory activity of medicinal plants on ADA was measured by spectrophotometric analysis using cordycepin as a substrate. As expected, Mori Folium, Curcumae Rhizoma, Saururi Herba, and Angelicae Gigas Radix strongly inhibited ADA activity. Molecular docking analysis also showed the correlation between ADA and the major components of these medicinal plants. Conclusively, our research suggests a new strategy of using medicinal plants to enhance cordycepin production in C. militaris.

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Chung, Duong Dinh. "Cordycepin in the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris cultured from 5 different materials in Vietnam: Analysis and comparison." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 2 (2024): 1255–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14615302.

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Cordyceps militaris is frequently employed in pharmacology and nutrition for its well-documented health benefits. The advancement of Cordyceps militaris farming technology has facilitated the establishment of a reliable supply source capable of effectively meeting the expanding market demand. This study aimed to analyze and compare cordycepin concentrations in the fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris cultivated from five raw material sources in Vietnam. The results revealed significant variations in cordycepin concentrations among the samples, with average concentrations (measured in mg/g) as follows: Sample 1 (0.8), Sample 2 (1.2), Sample 3 (0.6), Sample 4 (1.0), and Sample 5 (0.9). Notably, Cordyceps militaris from Sample 2 exhibited the highest cordycepin concentration, while Sample 3 had the lowest. Differences in cordycepin content between Cordyceps militaris samples from different raw material sources may be attributed to variations in manufacturing technology. The results of this study provided the necessary information to evaluate the quality of Cordyceps militaris products on the market and propose quality standards for raw materials in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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3

Qin, Peng, ZhiYe Wang, DengXue Lu, et al. "Neutral Lipid Content in Lipid Droplets: Potential Biomarker of Cordycepin Accumulation in Cordycepin-Producing Fungi." Molecules 24, no. 18 (2019): 3363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183363.

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To clarify the relationship between neutral lipid content and cordycepin accumulation in Cordyceps militaris, mutants were generated from mixed spores of two C. militaris strains with varying cordycepin-producing capacities. Fifteen stable mutants producing from 0.001 to 2.363 mg/mL cordycepin were finally selected. The relative fluorescence intensities of the 15 mutants, two C. militaris strains and an Aspergillus nidulans strain at different concentrations of lyophilized mycelium powder were then investigated using the Nile red method. The mutant CM1-1-1 with the highest relative fluorescence intensity among the eighteen strains was selected for optimizing the Nile red method. Relative fluorescence intensity was linearly correlated with cordycepin concentration in liquid broth (R2 = 0.9514) and in lyophilized mycelium powder (R2 = 0.9378) for the 18 cordycepin-producing strains under identical culture conditions and with cordycepin concentration in liquid broth (R2 = 0.9727) and in lyophilized mycelium powder (R2 = 0.9613) for CM1-1-1 under eight different sets of conditions. In addition, the cordycepin content in lyophilized mycelium powder measured by the Nile red method was linearly correlated with that determined by an HPLC method (R2 = 0.9627). In conclusion, neutral lipids in lipid droplets are required during cordycepin accumulation; these neutral lipids are potential biomarkers of cordycepin biosynthesis.

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Lin, Chang-Hong, Hsin-Lun Huang, Yen-Hsun Chen, and Chun-Lin Lee. "Deep Ocean Water Minerals Promotes the Growth and Cordycepin Production of Cordyceps militaris Fruiting Bodies through Proteomics Regulation." Fermentation 8, no. 10 (2022): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8100481.

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Deep ocean water (DOW) is rich in mineral nutrients, and our previous studies have confirmed that it promotes fungal growth and metabolite production. Cordycepin is a functional metabolite of Cordyceps with anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Although Cordyceps militaris can produce a large amount of cordycepin when DOW is used as the culture water, no study has explored the relevant regulatory mechanism through which DOW increases the adenosine and cordycepin contents. Therefore, in this study, we used 2D electrophoresis and proteomic analysis to investigate the effects of DOW with different mineral compositions on proteins in the fruiting bodies of C. militaris and to explore how DOW regulates cordycepin biosynthesis. The results indicated that the use of DOW with high magnesium and calcium contents can increase the production of cordycepin from 6.62 mg/g to 11.40 mg/g by C. militaris fruiting bodies. According to the 2D electrophoresis and proteomic analysis results of the fruiting body proteins of C. militaris cultured with DOW with different concentrations, the expression of 17 and 9 proteins was proportional to the cordycepin content and the concentration of DOW, respectively. Magnesium, sulfate, and other minerals of DOW stimulated the production of cordycepin by promoting the glycolytic pathway, producing more ATP and adenosine. It also increased the production of nucleic acids and adenosine by promoting the pentose phosphate pathway and methionine cycle, thereby promoting the growth and cordycepin production of fruiting bodies.

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Kim, Young Suk, Jong Min Lim, Bon-Hwa Ku, Hyung-Rae Cho, and Jae-Suk Choi. "Alteration in ginsenoside and cordycepin content by solid-state fermentation of red ginseng with Cordyceps militaris." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 39, No. 6 (2021): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/149/2020-cjfs.

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We aimed to increase the ginsenosides present in fermented red ginseng and enhance cordycepin production by Cordyceps militaris using solid-state fermentation. After 50 days of fermentation, red ginseng solid-state fermented with C. militaris demonstrated considerably higher contents of Rb3 (9.16%), Rd (513.93%), Rg2 (63.12%), Rg3 (20R; 112.53%), and Rg3 (20S; 101.17%) than untreated red ginseng. As the fermentation time increased, the production of cordycepin gradually increased, yielding approximately 34.8 mg kg–1 of cordycepin after 50 days of fermentation. In conclusion, red ginseng fermented by C. militaris could be used as natural herbal medicine or dietary supplement with several health-beneficial effects.

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Ha, Neul-I., Seul-Ki Mun, Seung-Bin Im, et al. "Changes in Functionality of Tenebrio molitor Larvae Fermented by Cordyceps militaris Mycelia." Foods 11, no. 16 (2022): 2477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11162477.

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The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has been estimating the potential of insects as human food since 2010, and for this reason, Tenebrio molitor larvae, also called mealworms, have been explored as an alternative protein source for various foods. In this study, in order to increase nutrient contents and improve preference as an alternative protein source, we fermented the T. molitor larvae by Cordyceps militaris mycelia. T. molitor larvae were prepared at optimal conditions for fermentation and fermented with C. militaris mycelia, and we analyzed T. molitor larvae change in functionality with proximate composition, β-glucan, cordycepin, adenosine, and free amino acids content. T. molitor larvae fermented by C. militaris mycelia showed higher total protein, total fiber, and β-glucan content than the unfermented larvae. In addition, the highest cordycepin content (13.75 mg/g) was observed in shaded dried T. molitor larvae fermented by C. militaris mycelia. Additionally, the isolated cordycepin from fermented T. molitor larvae showed similar cytotoxicity as standard cordycepin when treated with PC-9 cells. Therefore, we report that the optimized methods of T. molitor larvae fermented by C. militaris mycelia increase total protein, total fiber, β-glucan and produce the amount of cordycepin content, which can be contributed to healthy food and increase T. molitor larvae utilization.

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7

Chung Duong Dinh. "Cordycepin in the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris cultured from 5 different materials in Vietnam: Analysis and comparison." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, no. 2 (2024): 1255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.2.1521.

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Cordyceps militaris is frequently employed in pharmacology and nutrition for its well-documented health benefits. The advancement of Cordyceps militaris farming technology has facilitated the establishment of a reliable supply source capable of effectively meeting the expanding market demand. This study aimed to analyze and compare cordycepin concentrations in the fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris cultivated from five raw material sources in Vietnam. The results revealed significant variations in cordycepin concentrations among the samples, with average concentrations (measured in mg/g) as follows: Sample 1 (0.8), Sample 2 (1.2), Sample 3 (0.6), Sample 4 (1.0), and Sample 5 (0.9). Notably, Cordyceps militaris from Sample 2 exhibited the highest cordycepin concentration, while Sample 3 had the lowest. Differences in cordycepin content between Cordyceps militaris samples from different raw material sources may be attributed to variations in manufacturing technology. The results of this study provided the necessary information to evaluate the quality of Cordyceps militaris products on the market and propose quality standards for raw materials in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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8

Kondapalli, Vamsi Krishna, and Alok Malaviya. "Comparison of cultivated Cordyceps militaris and wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis using high-performance thin-layer chromatography." Research Journal of Biotechnology 19, no. 12 (2024): 163–70. https://doi.org/10.25303/1912rjbt1630170.

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Cordyceps, a fungus from the ‘Clavicipitaceae’ family, has long been utilised in traditional Chinese medicine as a rare and prized mushroom. Among 750 known species, two noteworthy species within the genus are Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris. Among the active components generated by this genus, cordycepin and adenosine are particularly significant and exhibit various pharmacological properties. To evaluate and compare the concentrations of cordycepin and adenosine, high-performance thin-layer chromatography profiling was employed on lab-grown C. militaris and wild O. sinensis. Water and ethanol were utilised to extract the nucleosides. The concentrations of these nucleosides from different samples were calculated by using Rf (Retention factor) values of both cordycepin and adenosine standards. Interestingly, the fruiting bodies of C. militaris obtained through solid-state fermentation exhibited a higher cordycepin content (12.3 mg/g) compared to biomass obtained via liquid static culture. In the case of O. sinensis, cordycepin was found to be absent, with only adenosine (approximately 0.81 mg/g) being quantified.

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9

Le Thi, Tuoi, Hue Le Thi, Kiet Cao Tuan та ін. "Effect of coordination nutritional ingredients on the development and cordycepin, adenosin production of Cordyceps militaris ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ BỔ SUNG MỘT SỐ NGUỒN NITƠ VÀ CARBON VÀO MÔI TRƢỜNG NUÔI CẤY ĐẾN SỰ PHÁT TRIỂN VÀ KHẢ NĂNG TÍCH LUỸ HOẠT CHẤT CỦA NẤM ĐÔNG TRÙNG HẠ THẢO Cordyceps militaris". Journal of Science Natural Science 66, № 4F (2021): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2021-0071.

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Cordyceps militaris is an insect parasitic fungus with high medicinal value similar to Cordyceps sinensis and has great economic value. Ensuring the balance between the biomass and the bioactive potential of C. militaris plays an important role in the development of quality products from this medicinal fungus. In this study, nitrogen sources (fresh silkworm pupae, peptone, yeast extract) with different concentrations were used to evaluate the effect on yield, morphology and content of cordycepin, adenosine of C. militaris. The results showed that the N1 medium using 20 g\L fresh silkworm pupae, 0.5g\L KH2PO4 and 0.5g\L MgSO4 gave the highest yield and active ingredient content, with cordycepin yield of 17.01 mg\jar. Adding carbon sources (glucose and sucrose) at concentrations (10, 20, 40 g\L) to N1 medium can shorten the time of filamentous spreading and the time of fruit body formation, but significantly reduce cordycepin content. This result has important implications for medium optimization for C. militaris culturing.

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Nguyen Thanh, Dat, Hong Hanh Nguyen Thi, Thu Dam Thi, Hieu Nguyen Van, Phuong Lai Thi, and Bac Duong The. "Determination of adenosine and cordycepin in dietary supplements circulating on the Hanoi market." Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 5, no. 3 (2022): 390–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.3958.

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High performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) has&nbsp;been fully validated according to AOAC requirements for the determination of adenosine&nbsp;and cordycepin in dietary supplements containing Cordyceps. Chromatographic conditions&nbsp;using InertSustain C18 (250 mm &times; 4.6 mm; 5 &micro;m) column, with gradient program composed&nbsp;of methanol and water eluted in 35 min, diode-array detector at 260 nm, flow rate of 1.0&nbsp;mL/min. The study has determined the content of adenosine and cordycepin in 24 dietary&nbsp;supplement samples containing Cordyceps in different dosage forms circulating on the&nbsp;Hanoi market. The results showed that the contents of the two substances studied in the&nbsp;samples fluctuated greatly (adenosine from 28.19 - 956.3 &micro;g/g with solid and oily form, from&nbsp;1.26 - 25.31 &micro;g/mL with the liquid form; cordycepin from 5.25 - 1287 &micro;g/g with solid and&nbsp;oily form, from 1.91 - 32.38 &micro;g/mL with liquid form), especially one sample was detected&nbsp;without both adenosine and cordycepin, one sample did not have adenosine. &nbsp;

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11

Ha, Si Young, Ji Young Jung, Jai Hyun Park, Chan Yeol Yu, Jae-Hyeon Park, and Jae-Kyung Yang. "Effects of pine (Pinus densiflora) sawdust on cordycepin yield from medicinal fungus Cordyceps militaris in submerged culture." BioResources 16, no. 4 (2021): 6643–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.4.6643-6660.

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Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) is a nucleoside analog that exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activity. The effects of different tree sawdust on cordycepin as bioactive substances for mycelium growth were investigated. Pine sawdust was essential for increasing cordycepin content. Furthermore, a 1% NaOH-pretreated pine sawdust produced the highest cordycepin yield. The cordycepin yield of mycelium in submerged culture was significantly increased when the particle size was 100-mesh and the weight was 20 g/L of 1% NaOH-pretreated pine sawdust, with an increase of up to 38% compared to the control (only sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB)). The results demonstrated the effects of different tree sawdust on the biosynthesis of cordycepin as bioactive substances and that replacing traditional medium (SDB medium) with 1% NaOH-pretreated pine sawdust can increase the yield of cordycepin. After optimization of cordycepin production from Cordyceps militaris cultivated in medium containing 1% NaOH-pretreated pine sawdust using RSM (response surface methodology) BBD (Box-Behnken design) in its canonical form, the optimum combination was: particle size, 113.7-mesh; input weight, 11.9 g/L; and incubation time, 67.8 h. The model predicted a maximum yield of 922.6 μg/mL for cordycepin.

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Rózsa, Melinda, Ioan-Alexandru Apahidean, and Dănuț-Nicolae Măniuțiu. "INFLUENCE OF CULTURE SUBSTRATE pH ON CORDYCEPS MILITARIS MUSHROOM CORDYCEPIN CONTENT, GROWN ON DIFFERENT SOLID SUBSTRATES." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 11, no. 22 (2022): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2022.v11i22.026.

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The Tibetan mushroom (Cordyceps militaris) has been known and used in traditional Chinese medicine for its therapeutic properties for thousands of years. This mushroom is rich in nutrients and biologically active components, such as: cordicepic acid, glutamic acid, mannitol, proteins, amino acids, polysaccharides, magnesium and calcium. These substances make Tibetan Mushroom an extraordinary means of restoring health and increasing the vitality of the body. In the study, we used a solid culture substrate with 3 degrees (based on brown rice, wheat and barley) with a pH of 7 degrees (4.5-7.5). It was found that the pH of the culture substrate directly influences the production of cordycepin, so at a pH value of 5 the cordycepin content begins to increase, reaching its highest level at a pH value of 5.5 (362 mg/L), then at pH values above 6, the cordycepin concentration begins to decrease.

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Chauhan, Dolli, and Sujata Pandit Sharma. "Biochemical Analysis of Fruiting Bodies of Cordyceps Militaris Grown on Brown Rice." Journal of Advances in Microbiology 24, no. 11 (2024): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i11865.

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Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal fungus known for its diverse biofunctional properties. This subject has been extensively analyzed over the past decade. The diverse pharmacological potential of C. militaris has garnered significant global interest recently. This research aims to determine the proximate composition of in vitro cultivated C. militaris fruit bodies. The analysis of proximate composition included measurements of crude protein, fat, crude fiber, ash, total carbohydrate, and moisture content. The research focused on quantifying the overall nutritional value of the fruit bodies and evaluating biological efficiency, in addition to key bioactive compounds including cordycepin, ergosterol, and Vitamin D2. The results demonstrated that the carbohydrate content constituted 47.67% of dry weight, the protein content was 30.41%, and the fiber content accounted for 15%. The fruit bodies contained 39.82 mg/kg of cordycepin and 61.73 mg/100g of ergosterol, whereas vitamin D2 was absent in the cordyceps mushroom sample. The findings demonstrate that in-vitro-cultivated C. militaris fruit bodies exhibit considerable nutritional and therapeutic potential.

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Li, Chen, Pan Pan Wu, and Kun Zhang. "Preparaitve Separation and Purification of Cordycepin from Cultured Cordyceps militaris Using Cation Exchange Resin." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1773.

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A main active component cordycepin was extracted and purified from cultured Cordyceps militaris. The crude extract was microwave extracted and then purified using a cation exchange resin (CER) of LSD-001. The adsorption ability of the resin was investigated using equilibrium adsorption isotherm including Langmuir and Freundlich model, and the equilibrated relationship between cordycepin and LSD-001 could be well described by Langmuir equation. The influential factors of desorption experiments, such as NH3 concentration, pH value and ethanol content of desorption solution, along with desorption time and temperature were successively investigated. The optimal desorption conditions were confirmed as: 0.2 mol L-1 NH3 combined with 80% ethanol (v/v), desorbed for 2 h at 25 °C and pH 14. Compared with the content in crude C. militaris (2.5 mg g-1), cordycepin in the final purified products (144.6 mg•g-1) was increased 58-fold after one cycle of dynamic adsorption and desorption on resin LSD-001.

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Zhang, Hong, Jun Wei Wang, Sheng Zhong Dong, Fang Xu Xu, and Sheng Hou Wang. "The Optimization of Extraction of Cordycepin from Fruiting Body of Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 1024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1024.

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The optimization of extraction of cordycepin from fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris YCC-01 by water extraction, ethanol extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and synergistic extraction is studied in this paper. The optimal conditions, water extraction at 85°C for 2.5h plus ultrasonic extraction at 600W for 35min, were determined through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The dried fruiting body of cordycepin content was 9.559 mg/g by this synergistic extraction method. The yield was 66.2% higher than the control group 85°C water extraction 2.5h and 11.3% higher than the room temperature ultrasonic extraction 35min. This method has a short extraction time, low cost, low loss of active ingredients and other characteristics with good prospects.

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Solakov, Nikolay, Milena Kostova, Kamelia Loginovska, Zlati Markov, Ana Caroline de Oliveira, and Yordan Muhovski. "Investigation of Adenosine Precursors and Biologically Active Peptides in Cultured Fresh Mycelium of Wild Medicinal Mushrooms." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (2022): 10618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010618.

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Adenosine, known as an endogenous neuroprotective agent and acting as a cytoprotective modulator in organisms, is the subject of considerable scientific interest. Medicinal mushrooms represent a good source of bioactive compounds due to their composition and potent adaptogenic action, affecting more than 300 biochemical processes and functions in organisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate adenosine precursors and biologically active peptides in cultured fresh mycelium with focus on Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) and Cordyceps sinensis as best studied species. Biologically active extracts are derived by fermentation with Bacillus subtilis NBIMCC 2353 strain. Enhancement of the total proteolytic activity of Bacillus subtilis culture medium enriched with native bovine collagen protein and mycelium was recorded. The results demonstrate a clear trend of increasing cordycepin and adenosine content in the Cordyceps militaris sample grown in culture medium with optimized composition, with the presence of cordycepin being 2.22% and adenosine being 0.64%. The obtained increase was 1.9% for cordycepin and 0.24% for adenosine, respectively. The application of combined biotechnological approaches in the use of biologically active components from natural organic sources and the resulting final product with high biological activity determine the present study as relevant and significant for its practical application.

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Wang, Li, Huanhuan Yan, Bin Zeng, and Zhihong Hu. "Research Progress on Cordycepin Synthesis and Methods for Enhancement of Cordycepin Production in Cordyceps militaris." Bioengineering 9, no. 2 (2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9020069.

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C. militaris is an insect-born fungus that belongs to Ascomycota and Cordyceps. It has a variety of biological activities that can be applied in medicine, health-care products, cosmeceuticals and other fields. Cordycepin (COR) is one of the major bioactive components identified from C. militaris. Thus, C. militaris and COR have attracted extensive attention. In this study, chemical synthetic methods and the biosynthesis pathway of COR were reviewed. As commercially COR was mainly isolated from C. militaris fermentation, the optimizations for liquid and solid fermentation and genetic modifications of C. militaris to increase COR content were also summarized. Moreover, the research progress of genetic modifications of C. militaris and methods for separation and purification COR were introduced. Finally, the existing problems and future research direction of C. militaris were discussed. This study provides a reference for the production of COR in the future.

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Vu, Xuan Tao, Bao Tram Tran, Thi Men Nguyen, et al. "Identification of mating-type (MAT) gene, productivity and cordycepin content in medicinal Cordyceps militaris strains." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 64, no. 7 (2022): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.64(7).60-64.

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Cordyceps militaris is a valuable medicinal fungus and has been widely cultivated. However, its frequent degeneration during continuous maintenance in culture leads to a dramatic reduction in productivity and cordycepin content in the fruiting body. Mating-type (MAT) genes play an important role in the formation of the fruiting body in C. militaris. The data of MATgenes, the productivity and quality of C. militaris strains being cultivated in Vietnam are the foundations for providing solutions to overcome the problem. In this study, eight strains were isolated and identified based on morphological characteristics and the ITS sequence of rDNA. MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes were determined in the 8 isolates, including 5 strains (QN6, HL11, HL12, TN01, and TN02) that possessed both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes and the others (SH03, HL13, and HN01) has only MAT1-1-1 gene. All identified strains were able to form a fruiting body, especially, the SH03 strain performed the highest productivity and quality (fruiting body yield 31 g/box, biological efficiency 13.77% and cordycepin content 12.5 mg/g dried fruiting body). This fungal strain with a single mating-type gene is a promising candidate for applying to C. militarisproduction.

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Kang, Chao, Ting-Chi Wen, Ji-Chuan Kang, Ze-Bing Meng, Guang-Rong Li, and Kevin D. Hyde. "Optimization of Large-Scale Culture Conditions for the Production of Cordycepin withCordyceps militarisby Liquid Static Culture." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/510627.

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Cordycepin is one of the most important bioactive compounds produced by species ofCordyceps sensu lato, but it is hard to produce large amounts of this substance in industrial production. In this work, single factor design, Plackett-Burman design, and central composite design were employed to establish the key factors and identify optimal culture conditions which improved cordycepin production. Using these culture conditions, a maximum production of cordycepin was 2008.48 mg/L for 700 mL working volume in the 1000 mL glass jars and total content of cordycepin reached 1405.94 mg/bottle. This method provides an effective way for increasing the cordycepin production at a large scale. The strategies used in this study could have a wide application in other fermentation processes.

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Jędrejko, Karol, Katarzyna Kała, Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja, et al. "Cordyceps militaris—Fruiting Bodies, Mycelium, and Supplements: Valuable Component of Daily Diet." Antioxidants 11, no. 10 (2022): 1861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101861.

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Cordyceps militaris has long been used in Eastern medicine for alleviating fatigue and as an immunostimulant. The present study aimed to determine the content of biologically active substances (bioelements and organic compounds), the total phenolic content, and the antioxidant activity of fruiting bodies (commercially available and self-cultivated), mycelia, and two food supplements. The results show that substrate composition and cultivation method had an influence on the properties of mushroom materials. An important aspect of the study is the estimation of the content of bioactive substances present after extraction into digestive juices in the artificial gastrointestinal tract model, which can allow for determining the amount of these substances that is potentially bioavailable for the human body. The best results for cordycepin (81.4 mg/100 g d.w.) and lovastatin (53.6 mg/100 g d.w.) were achieved for commercially available food supplements. Furthermore, after digestion in artificial intestinal juice, the highest amount of cordycepin was determined in the fruiting bodies from commercially obtained (25.9 mg/100 g d.w.) and self-cultivated mushroom (25.8 mg/100 g d.w.). In conclusion, the mycelium and fruiting bodies of C. militaris are ideal food supplements and pharmaceutical agents and can serve as a good source of prohealth substances potentially bioavailable for humans.

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Phull, Abdul-Rehman, Kyu-Ree Dhong, and Hye-Jin Park. "Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermented Cordyceps militaris (GRC-SC11) Suppresses IgE Mediated Mast Cell Activation and Type I Hypersensitive Allergic Murine Model." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (2021): 3849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113849.

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Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) has various biomedical applications in traditional oriental medicine for different diseases including inflammatory and immune-dysregulated diseases. It is a reservoir of nutritional components such as cordycepin, polysaccharides, and antioxidants. To improve its bioactivity, we fermented C. militaris with a Pediococcus pentosaceus strain isolated from a salted small octopus (SC11). The current study aimed to evaluate whether P. pentosaceus (SC11) fermentation could enhance the anti-allergic potential of C. militaris cultured on germinated Rhynchosia nulubilis (GRC) against a type I hypersensitive reaction in in vitro and in vivo studies. Total antioxidant capacity and cordycepin content were significantly increased in GRC after SC11 fermentation. GRC-SC11 showed significantly enhanced anti-allergic responses by inhibiting immunoglobulin E (IgE)/antigen-induced degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells, compared to GRC. The results demonstrated the significant inhibition of phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)/ p38/GRB2-associated binding protein 2 (Gab2)/c-jun in IgE/Ag-triggered RBL-2H3 cells. Furthermore, suppressed mRNA levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in IgE/Ag-activated RBL-2H3 cells were observed. GRC-SC11 significantly ameliorated IgE-induced allergic reactions by suppressing the ear swelling, vascular permeability, and inflammatory cell infiltration in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) BALB/c mice. In conclusion, GRC fermented with P.pentosaceus exerted enhanced anti-allergic effects, and increased the cordycepin content and antioxidants potential compared to GRC. It can be used as bio-functional food in the prevention and management of type I allergic diseases.

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Dubey, Aastha, Uzma Manzoor, Chongtham Allaylay Devi, and Prasun Kumar Singh. "Cultivation Media for Enhanced Cordycepin Optimizing and Bioactive Compound Production in Cordyceps militaris: Recent Trends and Future Prospects." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 31, no. 6 (2025): 164–77. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2025/v31i63119.

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The review assesses the impact of current research findings on mineral supplementation, plant extract enrichments, agro-industrial by-products, and grain-based substrates on metabolite synthesis. A valuable entomopathogenic medicinal fungus called Cordyceps militaris has become a promising bioresource for the synthesis of pharmacologically active substances like cordycepin, polysaccharides, and nucleosides. Developing optimized cultivation systems to increase the yield and quality of these bioactive metabolites is becoming more and more popular as the demand for functional foods, nutraceuticals, and bio-pharmaceuticals rises globally. In order to maximize the production of cordycepin and other therapeutic compounds in C. militaris, this review critically analyses recent developments and technological advancements in substrate and media optimization. It highlights cutting-edge farming techniques and investigates potential future paths for environmentally friendly, economically feasible production models. The strategic use of elicitors, developments in liquid static and submerged fermentation systems, the possible use of biotechnological interventions, and AI-based growth monitoring systems are also covered. According to recent data, cordycepin content and other bioactive metabolites can be considerably increased in both solid-state and liquid cultivation systems through careful substrate formulation and media enrichment. There is great potential for scalable, economical production through the combination of fermentation optimization and media engineering techniques. Additionally, precision cultivation models and AI-driven environmental monitoring are showing promise as instruments to enhance metabolite profiles and yield consistency. To position Cordyceps militaris as a high-value functional food, medicinal mushroom, and sustainable agri-biotech enterprise opportunity, the review highlights the importance of media optimization and astute cultivation techniques in enhancing the plant's therapeutic, economic, and commercial value.

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Cho, Soo-Muk, Hong-Ju Park, Geon-Sik Seo, and Jong-Deok Hong. "Effect of medis composition on the Cordycepin and content Nutritional Components of Cordyceps militaris." Korean Journal of Mycology 37, no. 2 (2009): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4489/kjm.2009.37.2.161.

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Marsup, Pachabadee, Kankanit Yeerong, Waranya Neimkhum, et al. "Enhancement of Chemical Stability and Dermal Delivery of Cordyceps militaris Extracts by Nanoemulsion." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (2020): 1565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081565.

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This study aimed to develop nanoemulsions for enhancing chemical stability and dermal delivery of Cordyceps militaris extracts. C. militaris was extracted by maceration and infusion. The extracts were investigated for cordycepin, phenolic, and flavonoid content. The antioxidant activity was investigated by in vitro spectrophotometric methods. The irritation profile was investigated by hen’s egg-chorioallantoic membrane test. Nanoemulsions were developed using high-pressure homogenizer. C. militaris extract was incorporated into the nanoemulsion and investigated for safety, release profile, permeation, and skin retention. The results demonstrated that water extract (CW) contained the significantly highest content of cordycepin, phenolics, and flavonoids, which were responsible for antioxidant activity. CW was the most potent antioxidant. CW possessed comparable 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition to l-ascorbic acid (96.9 ± 3.1%) and alpha-tocopherol (87.2 ± 1.0%). Consequently, ten mg/mL of CW was incorporated into nanoemulsions composing of sugar squalene, Tween® 85, and deionized water. Nanoemulsion, which had the smallest internal droplet size (157.1 ± 2.6 nm), enhanced the stability of CW, had no cytotoxicity effect and no skin irritation, released the most CW (0.9 ± 0.0% w/w after 24 h), and delivered the highest CW into the skin layer (33.5 ± 0.7% w/w). Therefore, nanoemulsion was suggested for enhancing the stability and dermal delivery of CW.

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Zhang, Hong, Hong Mei Zhang, Li Han, and Sheng Hou Wang. "Cultivation Technique of Selenium-Enriched Cordyceps militaris." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 1147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1147.

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Cordyceps militaris has similar chemical composition, nutrition value, and medicinal functions as Cordyceps sinensis. However, its main medical composition such as cordycepin is much higher than that of the wild C. sinensis species. In addition, it is easier to cultivate artificially than C. sinensis. Thus, C. militaris is chosen as the best substitution for C. sinensis. This paper introduces the pharmacological effects of C. militaris and the effect of selenium on human body. It also summarizes ways of improving the content of selenium in artificially cultivated C. militaris and the optimal conditions for its cultivation. Low concentration of selenium in the medium can stimulate the growth of C. militaris mycelium. However, selenium of high concentration in the medium prevents its growth and decreases the conversion efficiency from inorganic to organic selenium.

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Thành, NGUYEN Tiến. "EXTRACTION OF ADENOSINE AND CORDYCEPIN FROM SPENT SOLID MEDIUM OF MEDICINE FUNGI CORDYCESP MILITARIS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 4A (2018): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/4a/13074.

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The fungiCordyceps spp. which have been known as Dong Trung Ha Thao and their secondary metabolites cordycepin and adenosine, in recent years, attracted a great effort from many research not only in exploitation of new species but also the artificial cultivation and extraction of bioactive compounds for application in functional food. Cordyceps militarisis nowadays successful domesticated and cultivated in artificial solid medium including rice, silk -worm, coconut milk and minerals. Apart from main products of fruiting body of fungi, the spent solid medium also is considered as valuable due to the high content of bioactive compound remained. This part is normally used for making liquor after a long incubation with food-grade ethanol. In this study, with the aim to obtain the concentrate of bioactive compounds with less time used, several methods of extraction and concentration were performed with the residual solid medium using ethanol with and without the support of heat and ultrasonic. It was shown that, by using 50% of ethanol, adenosine and cordycepin could effectively thermal – extracted at 65oC for 6h. By vacuum evaporation, the concentration of two those compounds was increased 10 times with high recovery yield, facilitating for further usage.

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Wang, Xuesong, Fang Liu, Fang Li, et al. "Determination of cordycepin content of Cordyceps militaris recombinant rice by high performance liquid chromatography." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 15, no. 10 (2016): 2235. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v15i10.23.

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Huang, Shih Jeng, Ya Ling Liu, Jeng Leun Mau та Shu Yao Tsai. "The Content of Physiologically Active Substances in Several Medicinal Mushrooms with Various Doses of γ-Irradiation". Advanced Materials Research 936 (червень 2014): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.707.

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Dry samples of fruit bodies of Cordyceps militaris and Agariucs blazei, mycelia of Antrodia camphorata, and hot water extracts of Ganoderma tsugae were ground and irradiated with γ-rays at doses of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 kGy. After γ-irradiation, the content of γ-aminobutyric acid, adenosine, cordycepin, and triterpenoids in medicinal mushrooms did not significantly change. Gamma-irradiation only affects A. camphorata mycelia polysaccharide content, and an increase in irradiation dose (0-10 kGy) significantly reduces its content (111.85-101.88 mg/g). The content of high molecular weight (2.7×105 Da) polysaccharide in G. tsugae by γ-irradiation with increasing doses gradually increased. Gamma-irradiation could significantly affect the content of vitamin D2 and ergosterol. However, ergosterol content in non-irradiated C. militaris, A. blazei, A. camphorata, and G. tsugae was 2.34, 1.31, 2.33, and 1.15 mg/g, and of that in 10 kGy γ-irradiated mushrooms was 2.75, 1.88, 2.19, and 0.94 mg/g, respectively. Summarily, γ-irradiation does change some medicinal mushrooms by the content of physiologically active substances. When using γ-irradiation sterilization to maintain the physiological activity of mushroom products, one should consider its impact on the physiologically active substances.

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Su, Jinjuan, Jing Sun, Tongtong Jian, Guoying Zhang, and Jianya Ling. "Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Polysaccharides from the Parasitic Fungus Cordyceps kyushuensis." BioMed Research International 2020 (August 29, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8257847.

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The ascomycete Cordyceps genus has been used as valued traditional Chinese medicine. Cordyceps kyushuensis is a unique species of Cordyceps, which parasitizes on the larvae of Clanis bilineata Walker, and its major component cordycepin and aqueous extract are known to have many pharmacological effects. However, the physiological function of water-soluble polysaccharides has not been explored in detail. In this study, to resolve these doubts, we extracted and separated Cordyceps-derived polysaccharides and then evaluated the immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. Four polysaccharide fractions were purified from Cordyceps-cultured stroma by DEAE-cellulose 23 and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography. Basic structural information was elucidated on the basis of physicochemical property and spectroscopic evidences. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method and protective effect of DNA damage. The qualified immunologic activities were also determined in vivo and in vitro. The polysaccharides could stimulate the proliferation of mouse splenocytes whether concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) existed or not, strengthen peritoneal macrophages to devour neutral red, and increase the content of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum. The research provides the corresponding evidence for Cordyceps polysaccharides as a potential candidate for functional foods and therapeutic agents.

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Chaiya, Dechapon, Chanthima Phungamngoen, Sunee Eadmusik, Wichien Sriwichai, and Ekkasit Subcharoen. "Pretreatment enhanced the physical and antioxidant stability of dried Cordyceps militaris by different drying conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 302 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130202005.

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Cordyceps militaris has been treated as a functional food and supplementary food for several years. In recent studies, active components in Cordyceps militaris have received great attention and promoted health. Drying technology is a common method and it was applied to Cordyceps spp. many times for extending their shelf life and preserving their nutrients. A combination of pretreatment with drying technology could promote processing efficiency. The aim of this study is to study the effect of pretreatments (Soaking in 0.5% citric acid, boiling, steaming and desiccating) combined with drying method by vacuum dryer (VD) at 50, 60 and 70 °C on physical quality and antioxidant capacity in dried Cordyceps militaris. The result showed pretreatment by soaking in acid 0.5% citric acid, boiling and steaming took drying time more than those desiccating and untreated dried sample to desire the final moisture content (approximately 8% db.). Increasing of drying temperature in VD could reduce drying time. Desiccating prior to drying samples exhibited the highest L* value and the lowest of a* and b* values when compared with other pretreatments. High drying temperature tend to decrease L* value while a* and b* values are increasing. It was due to the occurring of browning reaction during drying process. Desiccating samples showed color value closest to fresh samples. These results were consistent with all photographs from digital camera. The glass transition temperature of all samples was about 39.43-45.82 °C and the highest value was found in the case of desiccating sample. Antioxidant properties, pretreatment by soaking in acid combined with drying at 70 °C by VD showed the highest content of phenolic compound, DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activity. It was concluded that pretreatment could preserve important substances, for example, cordycepin and adenosine contents of Cordyceps militaris during drying.

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Thakur, Shivani, Mona Piplani, Pradeep Goyal, and Pankaj Bhateja. "Metabolite Profiling and Morphological Screening of C. militaris Fruiting Bodies Extracts using UHPLC-QTOF-IMS and GC-MS Analysis." ASEAN Journal of Scientific and Technological Reports 27, no. 6 (2024): e254493. https://doi.org/10.55164/ajstr.v27i6.254493.

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The medicinal mushroom C. militaris has several health advantages and has been utilized for many years throughout Asia as a component of traditional medicine systems. It can be used as a functional food and in nutraceutical products. This study investigated the morphological characteristics of C. militaris during the large-scale cultivation and metabolic profiling of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of their fruiting bodies. The cultural and morphological characteristics of C. militaris were studied during the growth of this mushroom in terms of production of mycelial growth and fruiting bodies by conventional microbiological techniques. Cordycepin content in the aqueous and ethanol extracts of fruiting bodies was evaluated using UHPLC-QTOF-IMS analysis. The detection of metabolites in the ethanol extract was done by GC-MS analysis. The cordycepin content in the ethanol and aqueous extracts of the fruiting bodies was found to be 16.92 mg/g and 10.88 mg/g, respectively. GC-MS spectra analysis of the C. militaris fruiting bodies ethanolic extracts indicated the existence of eighteen metabolites such as 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid-terms, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Ethyl pentadecanoate, 1, E-11, Z-13-Octadecatriene, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, I-9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, Trimethyls, 9(11)-Dehydroergosterol tosylate, Ergosterol, Silane, (phenyloxiranylidene) bis[trimethy, Neophytadiene, 1-Octadecyne, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Ethyl 9-hexadecenoate, 2,5-Diiodo-9-oxabicyclo [4.2.1] nonane, i-Propyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, Ergosta-4,7,22-trien-3.beta.-ol, and TMS Palmitic acid. Evaluating cordycepin content and other bio components of C. militaris will help exploit this mushroom for potential medicinal benefits and develop reasonable quality pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and functional food products.

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Zou, Yuan, Xiaoying Yu, Qianwang Zheng, et al. "Effect of beating process on the physicochemical and textural properties of meat analogs prepared with Cordyceps militaris fruiting body." International Journal of Food Engineering 18, no. 2 (2022): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2021-0322.

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Abstract In the present work, Cordyceps militaris fruiting body was used as protein and natural fibrous structure source to prepare animal free patty. The effects of beating process on the structural and textural properties of patty were also evaluated. The results found that C. militaris fruiting body based patty prepared with beating process, showed bright yellow in color, with a uniform and smooth surface, and without obvious crack, before and after cooking. The beating process disrupted the connective tissues in fruiting bodies, let more protein dissolve, and left the un-soluble fiber structure. This helped to form a fibrous structure and good gel matrix in patty, which mainly contributed to the high hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness, and sensory score. Such C. militaris fruiting body based patties also had a good nutritional quality with high protein and essential amino acid content, as well as a special nutrient of cordycepin.

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Trung, Nguyen Quang, Nguyen Tien Dat, Ho Ngoc Anh, et al. "Substrate Influence on Enzymatic Activity in Cordyceps militaris for Health Applications." Chemistry 6, no. 4 (2024): 517–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry6040030.

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Cordyceps militaris, well known for its therapeutic potential in managing type-2 diabetes through the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, was the central focus of this research, which investigated the influence of various cultivation substrates on its enzymatic inhibitory properties and bioactive compound content. Previous studies have primarily focused on the general pharmacological benefits of C. militaris but have not thoroughly explored how different substrates affect its bioactive profile and enzyme inhibitory activities. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of substrate selection on the enzyme inhibition activities and the levels of bioactive compounds such as cordycepin and adenosine in C. militaris, demonstrating that substrate selection markedly affects both these enzymes’ inhibition activities and bioactive compound levels. Particularly, C. militaris fruiting bodies grown on Brihaspa atrostigmella showed the highest concentrations of cordycepin (2.932 mg/g) and adenosine (1.062 mg/g). This substrate also exhibited the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 value of 336.4 ± 16.0 µg/mL and the most effective α-amylase inhibition with an IC50 value of 504.6 ± 4.2 µg/mL. Conversely, C. militaris cultivated on the solid residues of Gryllus bimaculatus displayed the strongest xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition, with the lowest IC50 value of 415.7 ± 11.2 µg/mL. These findings highlight the critical role of substrate choice in enhancing the medicinal properties of C. militaris, suggesting that optimized cultivation can enhance the bioactive properties for more effective natural therapies for diabetes and other metabolic disorders. This study not only extends the understanding of C. militaris’ pharmacological potential but also illustrates its applicability in developing customized treatment options.

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Thanh, Vuong Hoai, Phan Le Thao My, Tran Do Dat, et al. "Integrating of Aqueous Enzymolysis with Ethanolic Ultrasonication to Ameliorate Cordycepin Content from Vietnamese Cordyceps militaris and Biological Analysis of Extracts." ChemistrySelect 6, no. 1 (2021): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202003995.

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Minh, Truong Ngoc, Le Viet Anh, Nguyen Quang Trung, Bui Quang Minh, and Tran Dang Xuan. "Efficacy of Green Extracting Solvents on Antioxidant, Xanthine Oxidase, and Plant Inhibitory Potentials of Solid-Based Residues (SBRs) of Cordyceps militaris." Stresses 3, no. 1 (2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stresses3010002.

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Solid-based residues (SBRs) of Cordyceps militaris are often considered as waste after the cultivation of the fruiting body. To demonstrate the value of this by-product, different ratios of two favorable green solvents (EtOH and water) were employed to optimize the yields of cordycepin (Cor) and adenosine (Ado) and investigate relevant activities of plant growth inhibition (allelopathy), antioxidants, and xanthine oxidase. The SBR extracts of 60% EtOH-40% water (W4) and 40% EtOH-60% water (W6) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity as well as yielded the optimum content of Cor and Ado. The W4 and Wt (hot water) exhibited maximum inhibitory effects on the growth of Raphanus sativus (radish), Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and two noxious weeds, Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) and Bidens pilosa (beggarticks). Furthermore, GC-MS scan analysis revealed the presence of 14 major compounds in the SBRs. W4 is the best solvent to optimize yields of Cor and Ado, as well as having the strongest levels of antioxidant activity, xanthine oxidase, and growth-inhibitory activity. This study reveals that SBRs are a potential source of medicinal and agricultural utilization.

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Huynh, Tran T. B., Trang T. D. Le, and Loan T. T. Cao. "Evaluating the production of freeze-dried Kefir yogurt supplements with Cordyceps militaris." Journal of Agriculture and Development 23, Special Issue 2 (2024): 193–202. https://doi.org/10.52997/jad.si2.17.2024.

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The research aimed to produce freeze-dried Kefir yogurt supplemented with Cordyceps militaris, diversifying fermented foods, while offering convenient storage, consumption options and health benefits. To enhance the structure and flavor of the product, ingredients such as maltodextrin, skimmed milk powder and gelatin were incorporated. Experiments also included the addition of sucrose to further enhance these attributes. The optimal formulation for the freeze-dried Kefir yogurt supplemented with C. militaris was determined as containing Kefir with 5% C. militaris powder, while maintaining a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count of 7.4 × 107 CFU/g. This formulation also received the highest sensory scores and positive feedback on its structure, flavor, and moisture content, which remained below 5%. The study revealed that the addition of C. militaris powder to Kefir yogurt did not significantly impact the LAB count. In conclusion, the research successfully developed a freeze-dried Kefir yogurt enriched with C. militaris which contains bioactive compounds such as Cordycepin (1712 mg/kg) and Adenosine (89.9 mg/kg), contributing to yogurt’s potential as a promising healthy snack.

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Luo, Li, Jiaxi Zhou, Zhongshun Xu, Jingqiang Guan, Yingming Gao, and Xiao Zou. "Identification and functional analysis of bacteria in sclerotia of Cordyceps militaris." PeerJ 9 (November 25, 2021): e12511. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12511.

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Background Cordyceps militaris is a fungus that parasitizes insects. Compounds from C. militaris are valuable in medicine and functional food. There are many kinds of bacteria in the natural sclerotia of C. militaris. However, the community structure of microorganisms in samples from different places may be different, and their corresponding ecological functions require experimental verification. Methods We used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in sclerotia of three samples of C. militaris from Liaoning Province, China. We isolated, identified and verified the function of culturable bacterial strains from the sclerotia. Results Pseudomonas, Pedobacter, Sphingobacterium, and Serratia were the dominant bacterial genera in the sclerotia. And function prediction showed that Pseudomonas and Pedobacter could be heterotrophic, Sphingobacterium could decompose urea, and Serratia could reduce nitrate. Two strains of bacteria isolated from the sclerotia of C. militaris, N-2 and N-26, were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas baetica, respectively, based on culture and biochemical characteristics. When these isolated strains were co-cultured with C. militaris, the mycelium biomass and mycelium pellet diameter decreased, and the content of extracellular polysaccharide increased. Strain N-26 decreased the cordycepin content in C. militaris. Conclusions Bacteria in sclerotia have an important effect on the growth of C. militaris and the production of its metabolites.

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Choi, Seon-Hyo, and Sang-Chul Kwon. "The Analysis of Cordycepin and Alcohol Content in accordance with The Various Manufacturing Process of The Liqueur Containing The Cordyceps Extract." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 16, no. 12 (2015): 8292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2015.16.12.8292.

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Vu Kim, Dung, Nhung Nguyen Thi Hong, and Ngoc Nguyen Nhu. "Optimization of adenosine và cordycepin extraction from cordyceps." Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam 7, no. 3 (2024): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47866/2615-9252/vjfc.4363.

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Adenosine and cordycepin are bioactive compounds with health benefits. Therefore, both substances are often used to assess the quality of Cordyceps products. The optimization of the extraction conditions to determine adenosine and cordycepin from products containing Cordyceps (powder, extract, and capsule samples) were studied. The samples were prepared using an ultrasound-assisted extraction, the solvent was methanol and quantification of adenosine and cordycepin by HPLC-PDA. Optimization of adenosine and cordycepin extraction conditions by Response surface methodology using the Box-Behnken design, and by using design expert software. The experimental matrix includes 17 experiments of 3 investigation factors with the running range: material/solvent ratio (1:10-1:50 g/mL), methanol concentration (5-25%), ultrasound time (30-90 minutes). The results showed the optimal conditions for the extraction of adenosine and cordycepin for Cordyceps powder samples are the ratio of raw materials:solvent = 1:40 (g/mL), methanol concentration of 17.5% and ultrasound time is 70 minutes, the mean contents of adenosine and cordycepin were 24.15 and 330.78 mg/100g, the optimal methanol concentration for the extraction process is 15% for Cordyceps extract samples, those in their were: 158.30 and 1050.78 mg/100g, the most appropriate methanol concentration is 50% for Cordyceps capsule samples, while those in their were: 23.98 mg/100g and 213.21 mg/100g, relatively. This study provides an efficient analysis method to determine the optimal extraction conditions of adenosine and cordycepin from products containing Cordyceps that can be used as a basis for evaluating the quality of these products.

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Kontogiannatos, Dimitrios, Georgios Koutrotsios, Savvina Xekalaki, and Georgios I. Zervakis. "Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris—A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 11 (2021): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7110986.

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Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic ascomycete with similar pharmacological importance to that of the wild caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis. C. militaris has attracted significant research and commercial interest due to its content in bioactive compounds beneficial to human health and the relative ease of cultivation under laboratory conditions. However, room for improvement exists in the commercial-scale cultivation of C. militaris and concerns issues principally related to appropriate strain selection, genetic degeneration of cultures, and substrate optimization. In particular, culture degeneration—usually expressed by abnormal fruit body formation and reduced sporulation—results in important economic losses and is holding back investors and potential growers (mainly in Western countries) from further developing this highly promising sector. In the present review, the main factors that influence the generation of biomass and metabolites (with emphasis on cordycepin biosynthesis) by C. militaris are presented and evaluated in conjunction with the use of a wide range of supplements or additives towards the enhancement of fungal productivity in large-scale cultivation processes. Moreover, physiological and genetic factors that increase or reduce the manifestation of strain degeneration in C. militaris are outlined. Finally, methodologies for developing protocols to be used in C. militaris functional biology studies are discussed.

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Do, Thi Kim Trang, Ngoc Anh Dao, Bao Tram Tran, et al. "Study on some biological characteristics of the albino strain of medicinal fungus Cordyceps militaris isolated in Vietnam." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65, no. 10DB (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.65(10db).01-06.

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Cordyceps militaris is one of the important medicinal fungi in traditional medicine. The fruiting body of C. militaris contains various bioactive compounds that have health-enhancing effects and support the treatment of various diseases. Therefore, this fungus is a potential source of medicinal materials for the development of healthcare products. The search for new strains of C. militaris with high yield, quality, and uniqueness is always of great interest. This study has provided new findings on some biological characteristics of an albino strain of C. militaris isolated in Vietnam. The albino strain of C. militaris SHBTQ was isolated and accurately identified based on morphological characteristics and the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequence of ribosomal DNA. The mycelial of C. militaris SHBTQ is white and remains stable for five successive generations. The most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for the growth of the albino SHBTQ strain were sucrose and yeast extract, respectively. Notably, the SHBTQ strain is capable of forming fruiting bodies, with an average fresh fruiting body yield of 30 g/box, a biological efficiency of 12.2%, and a cordycepin content of 10.45 mg/g of dried fruiting bodies. This newly discovered strain offers great potential for further applications in production.

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An, Jae Woo, Ji Hwan Lee, Han Jin Oh, et al. "Effect of Cordyceps militaris with probiotics supplement on growth performance, meat quality characteristics, storage characteristics and cordycepin content of the breast meat in broilers." Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 48, no. 3 (2021): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20210032.

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Quy, Xuan, Andriana, Tran, Khanh, and Teschke. "Cordycepin Isolated from Cordyceps militaris: Its Newly Discovered Herbicidal Property and Potential Plant-Based Novel Alternative to Glyphosate." Molecules 24, no. 16 (2019): 2901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162901.

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There is currently much interest in finding new phytochemicals among plants and fungi as nature-based alternatives to replace problematic herbicides such as glyphosate, which are preferentially used in agricultural production n. We discovered striking herbicidal potency in Cordyceps militaris (L.) and identified cordycepin as its principal plant growth inhibitor. Cordycepin obtained as an ethyl acetate extract was subjected to column chromatography and evaluated for its bioassay-guided phytotoxic capacity against Raphanus sativus (radish), showing a maximum inhibition on germination and growth of radish (IC50 = 0.052–0.078 mg/mL). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (m/z: 251.2) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) ([M + Na]+ m/z: 274.1; [M + H]+ m/z: 252.1) analyses confirmed cordycepin as the major component of the tested column fraction (55.38%). At 0.04 mg/mL, cordycepin showed 3.8–5.9- and 3.3–3.7-fold greater inhibition of the germination and growth of radish than benzoic acid (BA) and glyphosate, respectively. Compared with BA, isolated cordycepin reduced plant chlorophyll and carotenoid contents (2.0–9.5 -fold), while proline, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were increased 1.2–1.8-fold. Finally, cordycepin promoted electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation in radish aerial parts. Thus, cordycepin successfully isolated from Cordyceps militaris is a highly potent plant growth inhibitor with pending worldwide patent and may become a potential plant-based novel alternative to the disputed glyphosate.

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Wang, Ziyu, Mei Li, Ke Li, et al. "Changes in Cordycepin and Liquiritigenin Content and Inhibitory Effect on NO Production in Fermented Licorice and Dongchunghacho." Journal of Life Science 27, no. 1 (2017): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2017.27.1.57.

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Xu, Xi, Baigao Yang, Hang Zhang та ін. "Effects of β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Berberine, and Cordycepin on Lipid Droplet Content and Developmental Ability of Vitrified Bovine Oocytes". Antioxidants 12, № 5 (2023): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12050991.

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Oocyte vitrification is crucial for livestock reproduction, germplasm conservation, and human-assisted reproduction, but the overabundance of lipids is highly detrimental to oocyte development. It is necessary to reduce the lipid droplet content of oocytes before cryopreservation. This study analyzed the impact of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), berberine (BER), or cordycepin (COR) on various aspects of bovine oocytes, including lipid droplet content and the expression levels of genes related to lipid synthesis in bovine oocytes, development ability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and the expression levels of genes associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial function in vitrified bovine oocytes. The results of our study indicated that 1 μM NMN, 2.5 μM BER, and 1 μM COR were effective in reducing the lipid droplet content and suppressing the expression levels of genes involved in lipid synthesis in bovine oocytes. Our findings showed that the vitrified bovine oocytes treated with 1 μM of NMN had a significantly higher survival rate and better development ability compared to the other vitrified groups. Additionally, 1 μM NMN, 2.5 μM BER, and 1 μM COR decreased the levels of ROS and apoptosis, decreased the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in ER stress and mitochondrial fission but increased the mRNA expression levels of genes associated with mitochondrial fusion in the vitrified bovine oocytes. Our study results suggested that 1 μM NMN, 2.5 μM BER, and 1 μM COR effectively decreased the lipid droplet content and enhanced the development ability of vitrified bovine oocytes by lowering ROS levels, reducing ER stress, regulating mitochondrial function, and inhibiting apoptosis. Furthermore, the results showed that 1 μM NMN was more effective than 2.5 μM BER and 1 μM COR.

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Wang, Lan-Ying, Xiao Liang, Jing Zhao, Ying Wang, and Shao-Ping Li. "Dynamic Analysis of Nucleosides and Carbohydrates during Developmental Stages of Cordyceps militaris in Silkworm (Bombyxmori)." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 3 (2019): 741–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0309.

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Abstract Background: Cultured Cordyceps militaris is very popular. Objective: To gain dynamic insight into activity markers in fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) in Bombyxmori (B. mori), also named silkworm. Methods: The development stages of samples at 3, 9, 12, 19, 27, and 33 days after inoculation (DAI) were collected. HPLC coupled with diode array detection and evaporative light-scattering detection method (HPLC–DAD–ELSD) was used to determine eight makers, including six nucleosides and two carbohydrates from the samples. Results: C. militaris cultured 33 DAI with fifth star silkworm larva could accumulate higher levels of cordycepin (13.43 mg/g) than the highest reported cordycepin (8.57 g/L). The contents of cordycepin, adenosine, and trehalose were gradually increased with the formation of C. militaris fruiting bodies on silkworm larva, while mannitol was decreased. The change of guanosine was similar to uracil. Conclusions: Results suggested that mannitol could be accumulated in a short period during mycelium growth and could metabolize and transform into energy store and trehalose during fruit body formation. The inosine in the insect was completely utilized and transformed. The synergistic formation of cordycepin and adenosine or differences in metabolized pathways are a great possibility according to the same trend. Highlights: This research offered some reference to further find a certain regularity or metabolic mechanism.

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Wang, Shengchao, Yun Meng, and Dun Wang. "Nutritional Profile Changes in an Insect–Fungus Complex of Antheraea pernyi Pupa Infected by Samsoniella hepiali." Foods 12, no. 14 (2023): 2796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12142796.

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Historically, some edible insects have been processed into a complex of insect and fungus, such as Antherea pernyi and Samsoniella hepiali. Until now, the dynamics of the nutritional changes due to this infection were unclear. This study reveals the dynamic changes in nutritional components of Antherea pernyi pupa after infection with Samsoniella hepiali at post-infection time points of 0 d, 10 d, 20 d, and 30 d. The dynamic analysis of the components at different post-infection times showed that the content of polysaccharides and cordycepin increased with time while the content of fats and chitin decreased. The content of proteins showed a trend of decreasing at the beginning and then increasing. The essential amino acids (EAAs) decreased at the beginning and then increased, and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) changed similarly. The essential amino acid index showed a slight continuous decrease. Although the crude fat decreased dramatically due to the infection, from a value of 30.75% to 7.2%, the infection of S. hepiali produced five new fatty acids (14-methyl-pentadecanoic acid, docosanoic acid, succinic acid, arachidonic acid, and myristic acid) while the content of the seven fatty acids was greatly reduced after infection. Therefore, after being infected by S. hepiali and combined with it, the nutritional profile of A pernyi pupa was changed significantly and there were different characteristics at different infection stages. The above findings provide scientifically fundamental data to understand the nutritional value of the insect–fungus complex as human food and animal feed.

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Iguchi, Kazuaki, Koji Nagashima, Jun Mochizuki, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Keiko Unno, and Noriyuki Miyoshi. "Enokitake Mushroom and Its Active Component, Adenosine, Which Restores Testosterone Production in Impaired and Fatigued Mouse Models." Nutrients 15, no. 9 (2023): 2142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15092142.

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Several studies have reported the effects of the consumption of various mushroom species on the testes in animal experimental models. Mushrooms, including enokitake mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes), and vegetables contain adenosine may affect testosterone production. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effects of enokitake and its active component, adenosine, on testosterone production in primary cultures of testicular cells in vivo using mice models and in vitro. The administration of enokitake ethanolic extract increased testosterone production in the cisplatin-impaired mouse model. The direct effect of mushroom extracts on testicular cells was examined and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that the mushroom- and vegetable-induced increase in testosterone production mainly involved adenosine. Additionally, the administration of enokitake extract or adenosine to wet floor fatigue model mice promoted testicular testosterone production and enhanced Leydig cell function through insulin-like peptide three level upregulation. Structurally related compounds, including cordycepin, showed lower bioactivity than adenosine. This study showed that the ingestion of adenosine-containing mushrooms and vegetables may effectively increase testicular testosterone production. We conclude that mushrooms with a relatively high adenosine content, such as enokitake, may be useful against aging and fatigue.

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Chimsook, Thitiphan. "Effect of freeze drying and hot air drying methods on quality of cordycepin production." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819203001.

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This study determined the effect of drying methods including hot air drying and freeze drying on the quality of cordycepin production from Cordyceps militaris. The fruiting bodies and mycelium of C. militaris were used as the raw material. For hot air drying was performed at 55 °C for 24 hrs. Whereas the freeze drying was carried out under vacuum at 140 L min-1 for 48 hours. The bioactive compound extracted from dried powder of C. militaris from two drying methods was investigated. The results showed that both cordycepin and adenosine extracted from freezed drying sample had higher value than those of extracted from hot air dried sample. The bioactivities of C. militaris extract were investigated. The results revealed that the antioxidant activity and also total phenolic contents of C. militaris extract prepared from freeze drying had higher value than that of extracted from hot air drying. However, most of C. militaris production performed using hot air drying to dry sample because of its low cost technique.

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Li, Jiamin, Minyi Guan, and Yi Li. "Effects of Cooking on the Contents of Adenosine and Cordycepin in Cordyceps Militaris." Procedia Engineering 102 (2015): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.195.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Content cordycepin'

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