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Journal articles on the topic 'Conteúdo de DNA nuclear (2C)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lin, Sandy, Hsiao-Ching Lee, Wen-Huei Chen, et al. "Nuclear DNA Contents of Phalaenopsis sp. and Doritis pulcherrima." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126, no. 2 (2001): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.2.195.

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Nuclear DNA contents were estimated by flow cytometry in 18 Phalaenopsis Blume species and Doritis pulcherrima Lindl. DNA amounts differed 6.07-fold, from 2.74 pg/diploid nuclear DNA content (2C) in P. sanderiana Rchb.f. to 16.61 pg/2C in P. parishii Rchb.f. Nuclear DNA contents of P. aphrodite Rchb.f. clones, W01-38 (2n = 2x = 38), W01-41 (2n = 3x = 57), and W01-22 (2n = 4x = 76), displayed a linear relationship with their chromosome numbers, indicating the accuracy of flow cytometry. Our results also suggest that the 2C-values of the Phalaenopsis sp. correlate with their chromosome sizes. Th

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2

Kamaté, K., S. Brown, P. Durand, J. M. Bureau, D. De Nay, and T. H. Trinh. "Nuclear DNA content and base composition in 28 taxa of Musa." Genome 44, no. 4 (2001): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-058.

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The nuclear DNA content of 28 taxa of Musa was assessed by flow cytometry, using line PxPC6 of Petunia hybrida as an internal standard. The 2C DNA value of Musa balbisiana (BB genome) was 1.16 pg, whereas Musa acuminata (AA genome) had an average 2C DNA value of 1.27 pg, with a difference of 11% between its subspecies. The two haploid (1C) genomes, A and B, comprising most of the edible bananas, are therefore of similar size, 0.63 pg (610 million bp) and 0.58 pg (560 million bp), respectively. The genome of diploid Musa is thus threefold that of Arabidopsis thaliana. The genome sizes in a set

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3

Kayum, Mukadder, N. Kemal Koç, and Veli-Matti Rokka. "Variation of the Nuclear DNA Content of Species of Subtribe Citrinae (Rutaceae)." HortScience 33, no. 7 (1998): 1247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.7.1247.

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Laser flow cytometry was used to analyze nuclear DNA contents (2C values) of five genera (Severinia Ten., Atalantia Corrèa, Fortunella Swing., Poncirus Raf., and Citrus L.) taxonomically grouped in subtribe Citrinae (citrus fruit trees) of the Rutaceae. The genotypes analyzed had 2C values ranging from 0.67 pg for diploid Severinia buxifolia (Poir.) Ten. to 1.27 pg for tetraploid Hongkong Fortunella hindsii Swing. There was no significant difference in the 2C values within the sexually compatible diploid species of 11 “true citrus fruit trees” [Citrus aurantium L., C. grandis (L.) Osbeck, C.

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4

Grattapaglia, D., and H. D. Bradshaw Jr. "Nuclear DNA content of commercially important Eucalyptus species and hybrids." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 5 (1994): 1074–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-142.

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This paper reports the nuclear DNA content estimates obtained by flow cytometry for a group of twelve Eucalyptus species and five fast-growing hybrids that includes those most widely planted throughout the world. Estimates of nuclear (2C) DNA content for the species surveyed ranged from 0.77 pg/2C for Eucalyptuscitriodora Hook. (subgenus Corymbia) to 1.47 pg/2C for Eucalyptussaligna Smith (subgenus Symphyomyrtus). This range corresponds to a haploid genome size range of 370–700 megabase pairs. The average physical equivalent of a 1 cM distance could be as low as 200 kilobase pairs in Eucalyptu

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5

NUNES, ANDREI C. P., and WELLINGTON R. CLARINDO. "Karyotype characterization and nuclear DNA content measurement in Bromeliaceae: State of the art and future perspectives." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 4 (2014): 1849–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420140224.

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In Bromeliaceae, cytogenetic and flow cytometry analyses have been performed to clarify systematic and evolutionary aspects. Karyotyping approaches have shown the relatively high chromosome number, similar morphology and small size of the chromosomes. These facts have prevented a correct chromosome counting and characterization. Authors have established a basic chromosome number of x = 25 for Bromeliaceae. Recently, one karyomorphological analysis revealed that x = 25 is no longer the basic chromosome number, whose genome may have a polyploid origin. Besides cytogenetic characterization, the 2

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6

Ozias-Akins, Peggy, and Robert L. Jarret. "Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy Levels in the Genus Ipomoea." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 1 (1994): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.1.110.

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The nuclear DNA content of 53 accessions from 24 Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) species, including four sweetpotato cultivars, was determined by flow cytometry of DAPI-stained nuclei. Ploidy level and DNA content were significantly correlated within the genus, but more highly so within species that contained multiple cytotypes. DNA content of cultivated Z. batatas (L.) Lam. (4.8 to 5.3 pg/2C nucleus) and feral tetraploid I. batatas (3.0 to 3.5 pg/2C nucleus) was estimated from the known DNA content of chicken erythrocytes (2.33 pg), which were used as an internal standard. Tetraploid forms of Z. cor

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7

Carloni-Jarrys, Edgardo J., Ma Cristina Acosta-Bragato, and Karina Grunberg-Fraga. "NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT AND PLOIDY LEVEL IN APOMICTIC BUFFELGRASS GENOTYPES." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 41, no. 1 (2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2018.1.23-29.

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Buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link syn. Cenchrus ciliaris L.] is a polyploid fodder grass that reproduces mostly via apomixis. The wide genomic and cytological diversity present in the species indicates that the active field collection at Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV) of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) might contain individuals with different ploidy levels. This researche aimed to determine nuclear DNA content and ploidy level of introduced apomictic germplasm of buffelgrass. Cytological studies showed different ploidy levels in

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8

Johnston, J. Spencer, Andrea Jensen, Don G. Czeschin, and H. James Price. "Environmentally induced nuclear 2C DNA content instability in Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae)." American Journal of Botany 83, no. 9 (1996): 1113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb13891.x.

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9

PRICE, H. "Environmentally Correlated Variation in 2C Nuclear DNA Content Measurements inHelianthus annuusL." Annals of Botany 82 (December 1998): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1998.0758.

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10

Rokka, Veli-Matti, Yong-Sheng Xu, Pirjo Tanhuanpää, Leena Pietilä, and Eija Pehu. "Electrofusion of protoplasts of anther-derived dihaploid lines of commercial potato cultivars." Agricultural and Food Science 5, no. 4 (1996): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72756.

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Somatic hybrids of anther-derived dihaploid (2x) potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) lines were produced by electrofusion of protoplasts. Using RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers, six new combinations of dihaploid parental lines from cultivars Matilda, Nicola, Pito, Stina, Van Gogh and White Lady were identified. RAPD marker identification of the putative hybrids was mostly done using two distinct parental line specific primers. 43% of the 76 regenerated calli from the six combinations produced hybrid shoots. Most of the somatic hybrids were tetraploid (4x), but in four fusion combina

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11

Çiçek, Mehmet, AHMET EMRE YAPRAK, and ALİ RAMAZAN ALAN. "Morphometric and flow cytometric evaluations of a putative natural hybrid of Centaurium (Gentianaceae) from Turkey." Phytotaxa 204, no. 1 (2015): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.204.1.2.

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A putative natural hybrid of Centaurium was discovered in a population composed of C. serpentinicola and C. tenuiflorum subsp. tenuiflorum in the vicinity of Köyceğiz (Muğla province, SW Turkey). Morphometric analysis performed using 14 diagnostic characters supported that the putative natural hybrid as an interspecific hybrid between C. serpentinicola and C. tenuiflorum subsp. tenuiflorum. Flow cytometric measurements revealed that C. serpentinicola and C. tenuiflorum subsp. tenuiflorum have similar nuclear DNA amounts (2.61 and 2.53 pg DNA/2C), whereas the putative hybrid have a significantl

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12

Jones, W. E., A. R. Kuehnle, and K. Arumuganathan. "NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT OF DENDROBIUM ORCHID SPECIES AS DETERMINED BY LASER FLOW CYTOMETRY." HortScience 31, no. 3 (1996): 322c—322. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.3.322c.

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Flow cytometry (FC) has proven to be an efficient and reliable method to estimate nuclear DNA content (genome size) in quantifiable units useful for genetic and molecular biology studies. This method also makes possible determination of the variation in nuclear DNA content between related taxa, which gives insights into the process of speciation. In this study, DNA content was determined in nuclei isolated from leaves of 21 Dendrobium species representing each of the major taxonomic groups used in the Univ. of Hawaii breeding program. Nuclei were mechanically isolated, stained with the nucleic

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13

Praça, Milene Miranda, Carlos Roberto Carvalho, and Carolina Ribeiro Diniz Boaventura Novaes. "Nuclear DNA content of three Eucalyptus species estimated by flow and image cytometry." Australian Journal of Botany 57, no. 6 (2009): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt09114.

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Previous flow cytometry (FCM) analyses delivered nearly equal mean values of nuclear 2C DNA content for Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and E. urophylla S. T. Blake (1.33 pg and 1.34 pg, respectively), whereas E. globulus Labill. presented distinct mean values (1.09, 1.13 and 1.40). These differences have been attributed to the different methodological approach, utilised plant cultivar and presence of intrinsic metabolic compounds that affect fluorochrome fluorescence. In the present study, a FCM and image cytometry (ICM) design, following international consensus criteria, were adopted to re

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14

Barb, Jessica Gaus, Dennis J. Werner, and Shyamalrau P. Tallury. "Cytogenetic Characterization and Nuclear DNA Content of Diploid and Tetraploid Forms of Stokes Aster." HortScience 43, no. 7 (2008): 2005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.7.2005.

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Stokesia laevis (J. Hill) Greene is a herbaceous perennial native to the southeastern United States. Most cultivars of Stokesia are diploid (2n = 2x = 14) except for ‘Omega Skyrocket’, a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) form selected from a natural population. A comparative study of the karyotypes and meiotic behavior of diploid cultivars, seed-derived accessions of ‘Omega Skyrocket’, synthetically derived autotetraploids, and triploid progeny from these taxa strongly suggest that ‘Omega Skyrocket’ is an autotetraploid form of Stokesia. Total karyotype length, 161 μm and 293 μm, and average chromosom

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15

Singh, K. P., S. N. Raina, and A. K. Singh. "Variation in chromosomal DNA associated with the evolution of Arachis species." Genome 39, no. 5 (1996): 890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g96-112.

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The 2C nuclear DNA amounts were determined for 99 accessions, representing 23 Arachis species from 8 of 9 taxonomic sections, and two synthetic amphidiploids. Mean 2C DNA amounts varied by 15.20%, ranging from 10.26 to 11.82 pg, between accessions of Arachis hypogaea (2n = 4x = 40). Nuclear DNA content variation (5.33–5.91 pg) was also detected among Arachis duranensis (2n = 2x = 20) accessions. The intraspecific variation in the two species may have resulted from indirect selection for favourable genome sizes in particular environmental conditions. The accessions belonging to A. hypogaea ssp.

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16

Deveci, Murat, Özcan Yavaş, Nihan Sahin, and Metin Tuna. "Flow Sitometri ile Bazı Ispanak Aksesyonlarının Çekirdek DNA İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 2 (2018): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i2.239-246.1718.

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The aim of this research is to determine ploidy levels of 53 spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) accessions obtained from abroad sources by using flow cytometry. According to the results of the statistical analysis, the differences among DNA content of accessions were statistically important. The average DNA content of spinach accessions used in the study ranged between 2.225 pg/2C (Esfenaj accession) and 2.059 pg/2C (Matador and Godir accessions). The mean nuclear DNA of accessions shown to be relatively stable due to low standard deviation (0.003-0.096). Based on the mitotic chromosome analyses o

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17

Jimenez, Ana Gabriela, Stephen T. Kinsey, Richard M. Dillaman, and Donald F. Kapraun. "Nuclear DNA content variation associated with muscle fiber hypertrophic growth in decapod crustaceans." Genome 53, no. 3 (2010): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g09-095.

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We tested the hypothesis that hypertrophic muscle growth in decapod crustaceans is associated with increases in both the number of nuclei per fiber and nuclear DNA content. The DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and chicken erythrocyte standards were used with static microspectrophotometry and image analysis to estimate nuclear DNA content in hemocytes and muscle fibers from eight decapod crustacean species: Farfantepenaeus aztecus , Palaemonetes pugio , Panulirus argus , Homarus americanus , Procambarus clarkii , Cambarus bartonii , Callinectes sapidus , and Meni

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18

Berlyn, Graeme P., Ambrose O. Anoruo, Richard C. Beck, and Jianping Cheng. "DNA content polymorphism and tissue culture regeneration in Caribbean pine." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 5 (1987): 954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-132.

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The three varieties of Caribbean pine have significantly different amounts of nuclear DNA: Pinus caribaea var. caribaea, 11.5; P. caribaea var. hondurensis, 21; and, P. caribaea var. bahamensis, 25 pg. Dormant embryos of the three varieties had more nuclear DNA than germinating seedlings, and this extra DNA was spread through several classes from 2C to 7C; however, upon germination the seedling DNA rapidly reorganizes into the 2C–4C distribution typical of diploid plants. DNA content polymorphism of the dormant embryos among the three varieties was directly correlated with the diploid amount o

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19

Welkoborsky, Hans-J., Wolf J. Mann, Gabriele Haibt, and Ronald G. Amedee. "Comparison of Cytophotometric Characteristics to Histology and Proliferation Markers in Acoustic Neuromas." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 103, no. 1 (1994): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949410300109.

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Specimens of histologically confirmed acoustic neuromas obtained during operation in 25 patients were examined. Quantitative DNA measurements were performed with an image analysis system. From the single cell measurements, the mean DNA content of all tumor cells, 2c deviation index (2c DI), DNA entropy, DNA grade of neoplasia, and percentage of tumor cells with a DNA content of more than 5c (5c exceeding rate) were derived, as well as the mean nuclear area of the tumor cells. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was identified immunohistochemically. A PCNA score was developed in determini

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20

Samartini, Carolina Queiroz, Luciane Vilela Resende, Vânia Helena Techio, Guilherme Tomaz Braz, Luis Felipe Lima e. Silva, and Kátia Ferreira Marques de Resende. "Número cromossômico e conteúdo de DNA nuclear em espécies do gênero Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae)." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 51, no. 8 (2016): 998–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2016000800012.

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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o número de cromossomos e o conteúdo de DNA nuclear em cinco espécies do gênero Amaranthus, de ocorrência comum no Brasil. Cromossomos metafásicos foram obtidos pela técnica de secagem à chama e corados com Giemsa 5%, e o conteúdo de DNA foi determinado por citometria de fluxo. Observou-se 2n=32 cromossomos em A. hybridus e 2n=34 nas demais espécies estudadas, o que é indicativo de ocorrência de disploidia descendente. O conteúdo de DNA nuclear variou de 1,28 a 1,79 pg, e A. deflexus apresentou o maior valor.

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21

Essad, S. "Mise en évidence de variations saltatoires de l'ADN nucléaire dans et entre les espèces du genre Medicago L." Genome 30, no. 5 (1988): 825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-133.

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Forty-two samples representing 20 Medicago L. species were used to determine the nuclear DNA content of each species. Significant intra- and inter-specific variations were evident. The total amplitude of these variations at the 2C level ranged from 1.6 to 9.4 pg, but the maximum significant DNA evolutionary value amounted to 7.2 pg only (Medicago sativa 4x). The occurrence of two nuclear populations from a number of origins was interpreted as corresponding to a fundamental evolutionary value for one of them and to the addition of metabolic DNA for the other. All the values observed were near m

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22

Nagl, W., and A. Treviranus. "A Flow Cytometric Analysis of the Nuclear 2C DNA Content in 17PhaseolusSpecies (53 Genotypes)." Botanica Acta 108, no. 5 (1995): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1995.tb00513.x.

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23

Schwartz, Brian M., Kevin E. Kenworthy, M. C. Engelke, A. Dennis Genovesi, Rachel M. Odom, and Kenneth H. Quesenberry. "Variation in 2C Nuclear DNA Content of Zoysia spp. as Determined by Flow Cytometry." Crop Science 50, no. 4 (2010): 1519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.08.0425.

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24

Kaczanowski, A., I. Gornicka, and G. Cleffmann. "Arrest of micronuclear DNA replication during genomic exclusion in Tetrahymena produces haploid strains." Genetics 121, no. 1 (1989): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/121.1.37.

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Abstract Diploid cells of Tetrahymena thermophila were crossed to strain A*V, whose micronucleus is defective, to induce the unilateral transfer of gametic nuclei from the diploid cells to the A*V cells (round I of genomic exclusion). These haploid nuclei presumably undergo one endomitotic cycle and then become diploid with a G1 (2C) DNA content. However, further DNA replication from 2C to 4C was transiently arrested until the pairs separated. When endomitosis was blocked by treatment with cycloheximide during 6-8 hours of conjugation, the exconjugants of round I of genomic exclusion remained

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25

Welkoborsky, Hans-Juergen, Jack L. Gluckman, Wolf J. Mann, and James E. Freije. "Comparison of Quantitative DNA Measurements and Cytomorphology in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract with and without Lymph Node Metastases." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 102, no. 1 (1993): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949310200110.

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Cytologic smears of squamous cell carcinomas (UICC T2 through T4) from the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract without cervical lymph node metastases (n = 10) and with metastases (n = 20) were examined. Subsequently, the cytologic smears of the metastases (n = 20) obtained by fine-needle aspiration or following neck dissection were evaluated morphologically. Each specimen was then stained with Papanicolaou and Feulgen techniques, and quantitative DNA measurements were performed with an image analysis system. Morphologically, the primary tumors with metastases revealed an increased mean nuc

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26

Tatum, Tatiana C., Svetlana Stepanovic, D. P. Biradar, A. Lane Rayburn, and Schuyler S. Korban. "Variation in nuclear DNA content in Malus species and cultivated apples." Genome 48, no. 5 (2005): 924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g05-033.

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The nuclear DNA content for a group of 40 Malus species and hybrids has been estimated using flow cytometry. Estimates of nuclear DNA content for this germplasm collection range from 1.45 pg for Malus fusca (diploid) to 2.57 pg for Malus ioensis (triploid). Among diploids, the nuclear (2C) DNA ranges from 1.45 pg for M. fusca to 1.68 pg for Malus transitoria. Among triploids, the nuclear (3C) DNA content ranges from 2.37 pg / 3C for Malus sikkimensis to 2.57 pg / 3C for M. ioensis. Given the complexity of the apple genome and its suggested allopolyploid origin, the results obtained in this stu

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27

Winston, Nicola J., Martin H. Johnson, and Peter R. Braude. "Assessment of the cellular DNA content of whole mounted mouse and human oocytes and of blastomeres containing single or multiple nuclei." Zygote 1, no. 1 (1993): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400001258.

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SummaryThe nuclear DNA content of intact, live or fixed, human and mouse oocytes and blastomeres has been measured rapidly and reliably. Chromosomal DNA has been stained with DAPI, the fluorescent emission from which has been measured photocytometrically.In vitrofertilised mouse oocytes and embryos at various stages of development were assessed for their DNA content. The mean values of 1C, 2C and 4C DNA content were clearly different, and it was possible to assign correctly individual values for DNA content to each class with 92%, 61% and 81% confidence respectively. Maintaining the cells as w

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28

Santisteban, M. S., M. P. Montmasson, F. Giroud, X. Ronot, and G. Brugal. "Fluorescence image cytometry of nuclear DNA content versus chromatin pattern: a comparative study of ten fluorochromes." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 40, no. 11 (1992): 1789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/40.11.1431064.

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This study is intended to be the first step of an in situ exploration of the intranuclear DNA distribution by image cytometry (SAMBA) with several fluorochromes. The nuclear DNA content and the chromatin pattern, revealed by ten fluorochromes (HO, DAPI, MA, CMA3, OM, QM, AO, EB, PI, and 7-AMD), were analyzed on mouse hepatocytes fixed by the Boehm-Sprenger procedure optimal for preserving the chromatin pattern. The question was whether fluorochromes specific to DNA make it possible to accurately quantitate the total nuclear DNA content when the chromatin pattern is preserved. Only HO and MA we

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Kenton, Ann, and Andrew Drakeford. "Genome size and karyotype evolution in Tradescantia section Cymbispatha (Commelinaceae)." Genome 33, no. 4 (1990): 604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-089.

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Karyotype morphology and nuclear DNA content are compared in species of Tradescantia section Cymbispatha from North and South America. Comparison of DNA amounts confirms the polyploid ancestry previously suggested for several cytotypes and shows that basic genome size has been unaffected by the Robertsonian fusions constituting a major evolutionary change in this group. The 2C-values of Mexican tetraploids are double those of their Central American diploid relative Tradescantia gracillima. The 2C-value of the South American tetraploid T. cymbispatha is comparatively lower as a result of a redu

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Wyngaard, G. A., I. A. McLaren, M. M. White, and J. M. Sévigny. "Unusually high numbers of ribosomal RNA genes in copepods (Arthropoda: Crustacea) and their relationship to genome size." Genome 38, no. 1 (1995): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-012.

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We report on copy numbers of 18S ribosomal RNA genes in three species of copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda), two of which possess an unusual arrangement in which 5S genes are included within the 18S–5.8S–28S repeat unit. Slot blots of genomic and standard DNA were hybridized with an 18S rRNA gene probe constructed from one of the marine species and hybridization was quantified using chemiluminescence. Diploid 18S rRNA gene copy numbers are estimated as ca. 15 300 and 33 500 in the marine species Calanus finmarchicus (13.0 pg DNA in 2C adult nuclei) and C. glacialis (24.2 pg DNA), respectively, and

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Podwyszyńska, Małgorzata, Dorota Kruczyńska, Aleksandra Machlańska, Barbara Dyki, and Iwona Sowik. "Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy Level of Apple Cultivars Including Polish ones in Relation to Some Morphological Traits." Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica 58, no. 1 (2016): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abcsb-2016-0008.

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Abstract Apple species and cultivars differ in nuclear (2C) DNA content and ploidy level. The majority of these genotypes are diploids, but there are some triploids and a few tetraploids. Nuclear DNA content is a specific feature and its flow cytometric evaluation can be helpful in differentiating taxa. For many apple genotypes – including all the Polish ones, these characteristics are not known. 2C DNA was evaluated in relation to leaf, flower, fruit, pollen grain and stomata sizes as well as to the flowering time for seventy genotypes (including 46 Polish cultivars) gathered in the gene bank

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Torrell, Montserrat, and Joan Vallès. "Genome size in 21 Artemisia L. species (Asteraceae, Anthemideae): Systematic, evolutionary, and ecological implications." Genome 44, no. 2 (2001): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-004.

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Genome size was estimated by flow cytometry in 24 populations belonging to 22 Artemisia taxa (21 species, 1 with two subspecies), which represent the distinct subgenera, life forms, basic chromosome numbers, and ploidy levels in the genus. 2C nuclear DNA content values range from 3.5 to 25.65 pg, which represents a more than sevenfold variation. DNA content per haploid genome ranges from 1.75 to 5.76 pg. DNA amount is very well correlated with karyotype length and ploidy level. Some variations in genome size have systematic and evolutionary implications, whereas others are linked to ecological

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Wolny, Elzbieta, Alexander Betekhtin, Magdalena Rojek, Agnieszka Braszewska-Zalewska, Joanna Lusinska, and Robert Hasterok. "Germination and the Early Stages of Seedling Development in Brachypodium distachyon." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (2018): 2916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102916.

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Successful germination and seedling development are crucial steps in the growth of a new plant. In this study, we investigated the course of the cell cycle during germination in relation to grain hydration in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) for the first time. Flow cytometry was performed to monitor the cell cycle progression during germination and to estimate DNA content in embryo tissues. The analyses of whole zygotic embryos revealed that the relative DNA content was 2C, 4C, 8C, and 16C. Endoreplicated nuclei were detected in the scutellum and coleorhiza cells, wherea

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Sella, G., C. A. Redi, L. Ramella, R. Soldi, and M. C. Premoli. "Genome size and karyotype length in some interstitial polychaete species of the genus Ophryotrocha (Dorvilleidae)." Genome 36, no. 4 (1993): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-086.

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Interstitial polychaetes of the genus Ophryotrocha are very small, progenetic, and morphologically very similar. These worms have been widely used in evolutionary biology and sexuality studies. To have a better insight into the karyological evolution of this genus, we measured the total karyotypic length and the 2C nuclear DNA content of the nine best-known species of this genus. No interspecific differences were observed in karyotypic lengths, apart from that of O. gracilis, which was significantly greater than the karyotypic length of five of the nine species. The genome size (i.e., 1C DNA c

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Łotocka, Barbara, and Władysław Golinowski. "Morphogenesis of root nodules in white clover. III. The effect of mutation in nod IJ genes of the microsymbiont upon the DNA level in the host tissue." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 67, no. 1 (2014): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1998.002.

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On the basis of cytophotometric measurements a slightly increased DNA level in the nuclei of curled root hairs containing infection threads was observed in white clover inoculated with wild and mutant strains of <em>Rhizobium leguminosarum</em> biovar. <em>trifolii</em>, as compared to normal root hairs of te same plants. Cells of the root nodule primordia in 72 h after the inoculation, as compared to the root primary cortex, demonstrated an increased level of the nuclear DNA. No differences were observed in the nuclear DNA contents in individual layers of the cortex of

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Wróbel, Bogdan, and Elżbieta Bednarska. "Nuclear DNA content and ultrastructure of secretory cells of Vicia faba L. stigma." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 63, no. 2 (2014): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1994.018.

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The object of study was the level of nuclear DNA and the ultrastructural transformations in the secretory cells of the stigma in <i>Vicia faba</i> L. It has been found that the stigmal cells which are active in biogenesis and exudate secretion are diploid cells whose differentiation starts from 2C DNA level. The presence of a population of nuclei with an amount DNA of about 2.5 C suggests that the metabolic activity of those cells may be regulated through supplementary incomplete replication. The ultrastructural transformations of secretory cells point to three stages of biogenesis

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Garcia, Sònia, Teresa Garnatje, John D. Twibell, and Joan Vallès. "Genome size variation in the Artemisia arborescens complex (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and its cultivars." Genome 49, no. 3 (2006): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g05-105.

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Different wild Mediterranean populations of Artemisia arborescens from diverse locations representing its geographical distribution, as well as some of its well-known cultivars and some specimens cultivated as ornamentals in gardens, streets, roads and nurseries, were analysed for genome size. Other closely related species endemic to Macaronesia, Artemisia canariensis, Artemisia argentea, and Artemisia gorgonum, were also analysed, and their nuclear DNA amount has been related to the biogeography of this group of species. Additionally, 5 populations of the closely related Artemisia absinthium

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Kim, Seong M., Vishnu P. Tripathi, Kuo-Fang Shen, and Susan L. Forsburg. "Checkpoint Regulation of Nuclear Tos4 Defines S Phase Arrest in Fission Yeast." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 1 (2019): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400726.

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From yeast to humans, the cell cycle is tightly controlled by regulatory networks that regulate cell proliferation and can be monitored by dynamic visual markers in living cells. We have observed S phase progression by monitoring nuclear accumulation of the FHA-containing DNA binding protein Tos4, which is expressed in the G1/S phase transition. We use Tos4 localization to distinguish three classes of DNA replication mutants: those that arrest with an apparent 1C DNA content and accumulate Tos4 at the restrictive temperature; those that arrest with an apparent 2C DNA content, that do not accum

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Marciniak, Kazimierz. "DNA endoreplication level in endosperm during seed development in three monocotyledonous species." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 62, no. 3-4 (2014): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1993.021.

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The DNA content after the Feulgen reaction in the endosperm of three monocotyledonous plant species (<i>Asparagus officinalis</i>, <i>Muscari comosom</i>, <i>Haemanthus kurharinae</i>) differing in their 2C DNA content, was cytophotometrically measured. During endosperm development 1-6 endoreplication cycles take place, depending on the species. Differences in nuclear DNA endoreplication dynamics in the tested species are similar to those occurring in root parenchyma, but the endoreplication level in the endosperm is higher.

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Yahata, Masaki, Hisato Kunitake, Kiichi Yasuda, Kensuke Yamashita, Haruki Komatsu, and Ryoji Matsumoto. "Production of Sexual Hybrid Progenies for Clarifying the Phylogenic Relationship between Citrus and Citropsis species." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 131, no. 6 (2006): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.131.6.764.

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The reciprocal crosses between two citrus cultivars and Citropsis schweinfurthii (Engl.) Swing. & M. Kell. were conducted. The cross between `Nanpu' tangor {`Kiyomi' tangor (Citrus unshiu Marc. × C. sinensis Osbeck) × `Fairchild' tangerine-tangelo [clementine (C. clementina hort. ex Tanaka) × `Orlando' tangelo (C. paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata Blanco)]} and C. schweinfurthii produced some developed seeds with an average weight approximately 1/10 of that of the seeds obtained from open pollination in `Nanpu' tangor. These seeds germinated on Murashige and Tucker medium, and three and 28 se

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Fukai, Seiichi, Atsushi Hasegawa, and Masanori Goi. "Polysomaty in Cymbidium." HortScience 37, no. 7 (2002): 1088–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.7.1088.

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Nuclear DNA content in various parts of Cymbidium plants was measured by flow cytometry. Two types of Cymbidium, protocorm-like body (PLB)-propagated epiphytic hybrids and rhizome-propagated terrestrial C. kanran Makino demonstrated polysomaty. Small shoots on PLBs of Cymbidium hybrids showed two peaks (2C and 4C) while PLBs showed four peaks, estimated to be 2C, 4C, 8C, and 16C. Roots and floral organs excluding ovaries of hybrids were highly polysomatic as were the rhizomes and roots of C. kanran. The patterns of polysomaty development were organ and developmental stage specific. Young leave

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Srivastava, Sangeeta, and U. C. Lavania. "Evolutionary DNA variation in Papaver." Genome 34, no. 5 (1991): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-118.

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In 23 species of Papaver L., 2C nuclear DNA amounts range from 4.64 pg in Papaver persicum (2n = 14) to 22.43 pg in Papaver orientale (2n = 42), revealing a fivefold variation within the genus. However, such variation is limited to only twofold among the species that have the same chromosome number (2n = 14). The distribution of DNA is discontinuously spread over six groups in the genus. A strong positive correlation exists between nuclear DNA content and metaphase chromosome length. Viewed in the context of evolutionary divergence, it is revealed that DNA reduction has taken place in conjunct

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Kumke, Katrin, Jiří Macas, Jörg Fuchs, et al. "Plantago lagopus B Chromosome Is Enriched in 5S rDNA-Derived Satellite DNA." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 148, no. 1 (2016): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000444873.

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B chromosomes are supernumerary dispensable parts of the karyotype which appear in some individuals of some populations in some species. Using advanced sequencing technology, we in silico characterized the high-copy DNA composition of Plantago lagopus with and without B chromosomes. The nuclear genome (2.46 pg/2C) was found to be relatively rich in repetitive sequences, with highly and moderately repeated elements making up 68% of the genome. Besides a centromere-specific marker, we identified a B-specific satellite and a repeat enriched in polymorphic A chromosome segments. The B-specific tan

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Aliyu, Olawe Mashood. "Analysis of absolute nuclear DNA content reveals a small genome and intra-specific variation in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), Anacardiaceae." Silvae Genetica 63, no. 1-6 (2014): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2014-0036.

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Abstract There are scanty data on genome size of Anacardiaceae, and none has been reported for cashew, Anacardium occidentale till date. This study aimed at determining the absolute nuclear DNA content (genome size) that could facilitate research into bio-systematics, genomics and genetic improvement of this important tropical tree crop species. Here, isolated nuclei of preparations from 43 cashew accessions selected across five growing regions were flow cytometrically analyzed for genome size determination using Solanum lycopersicum var. Stupicke with a genome size of 1.96 pg/2C as an interna

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Roth, J., and G. Cleffmann. "Pattern of DNA increase in macronuclear anlagen of Tetrahymena." Journal of Cell Science 83, no. 1 (1986): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.83.1.155.

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By combining cytophotometry with autoradiography, five stages of macronuclear anlagen can be discriminated by their DNA content until the end of the first cell cycle after conjugation in Tetrahymena. DNA increases from 2C to about 32C. Each S-phase is followed by a non-synthetic period. Comparing the mean nuclear DNA content after and before each S-phase revealed that 16C anlagen contain significantly less DNA than twice the amount of 8C anlagen. This is unlike the situation in other S-phases during which the amount of DNA is precisely doubled. In the second cell cycle after conjugation some o

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Stecka, E., M. Krajewska, and B. Gabara. "Calcium effect on the content of DNA and NYS-stained nuclear, nucleolar and cytoplasmic proteins in cortex cells of pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots treated with heavy metals." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 64, no. 3 (2014): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1995.031.

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Using cytophotometric procedures, following Feulgen-NYS staining, the measurements of DNA and nuclear, nucleolar and cytoplasmic protein contents in cortex cells of pea roots growing for 144 h in calcium and/or heavy metals (Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Cr<sup>3+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>) presence were made. All tested metals treatment reduced the number of nuclei in 4C DNA class and induced appearance of nuclei with DNA amount below 2C, that was expressed in diminished DNA content. The level of NYS proteins in cells underwent also reduction. In lead presence protein cont

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Grabowska-Joachimiak, Aleksander, Elwira Śliwińska, Magdalena Piguła, Urszula Skomra, and Andrzej J. Joachimiak. "Genome size in Humulus lupulus L. and H. japonicus Siebold and Zucc. (Cannabaceae)." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 75, no. 3 (2011): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2006.024.

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We analysed chromosome lengths, karyotype structure, and nuclear DNA content (flow cytometry) in diploid (2n=20) and triploid (2n=30) European <em>H. lupulus</em> var. <em>lupulus</em>, American <em>H. lupulus</em> var. <em>neomexicanus</em> (2n=20) and Japanese ornamental hop, <em>H. japonicus</em> (F/2n=16; M/2n=17). Diploid female representatives of <em>H. lupulus</em> var. <em>lupulus</em> and <em>H. l.</em> var. <em>neomexicanus</em> differed in total length of the basal chromosome

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Bennett, Simon T., and Michael D. Bennett. "Variation in nuclear DNA amount between wild and cultivated populations of Milium effusum (2n = 28)." Genome 35, no. 6 (1992): 1050–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-161.

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Mean 2C DNA amounts varied by 35.6%, ranging from 7.52 to 10.20 pg, between 10 populations of the grass Milium effusum L. Such intraspecific variation occurred despite a constant chromosome number (2n = 28) and no obvious differences in karyotype. Plants originating from botanic garden populations growing in cultivation had significantly (P < 0.001) larger DNA amounts than plants collected from wild populations. Moreover, variation in DNA amount within either the "cultivated" or the "wild" groups was not significant. As the environment in which plants are kept in botanic gardens is clearly

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Ranney*, Thomas, and Thomas Eaker. "Variation in Ploidy Levels and Reproductive Pathways Among Flowering Crabapples." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 773B—773. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.773b.

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Information on ploidy levels is extremely valuable for use in plant breeding programs. Fertility, crossability, and heritability of traits are all influenced by ploidy levels. Knowledge of reproductive pathways, including occurrence of apomixes, pseudogamy, and formation of unreduced gametes can also be important information for developing breeding strategies. Although ploidy level can be determined by counting chromosomes, flow cytometry provides a reliable and much faster means for determination of nuclear DNA content and associated ploidy level. Measurement of ploidy levels of seeds (embryo

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Garcia, Sònia, María Sanz, Teresa Garnatje, Agnieszka Kreitschitz, E. Durant McArthur, and Joan Vallès. "Variation of DNA amount in 47 populations of the subtribe Artemisiinae and related taxa (Asteraceae, Anthemideae): karyological, ecological, and systematic implications." Genome 47, no. 6 (2004): 1004–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g04-061.

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Genome size has been estimated by flow cytometry in 47 populations of 40 species of the tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae), mainly from Artemisia and other genera of the subtribe Artemisiinae and related taxa. A range of 2C values from 3.54 to 21.22 pg was found. DNA amount per basic chromosome set ranged from 1.77 to 7.70 pg. First genome size estimates are provided for one subtribe, 10 genera, 32 species, and two subspecies. Nuclear DNA amount correlated well with some karyological, physiological and environmental characters, and has been demonstrated as a useful tool in the interpretation of ev

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