Journal articles: 'Context-dependent system'

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Camarão, Carlos, and Lucília Figueiredo. "A Type System for Context-dependent Overloading." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 14 (1998): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(05)80229-4.

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C, Vijesh Joe, and Jennifer S. Raj. "Location-based Orientation Context Dependent Recommender System for Users." March 2021 3, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jtcsst.2021.1.002.

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As the technology revolving around IoT sensors develops in a rapid manner, the subsequent social networks that are essential for the growth of the system will be utilized as a means to filter the objects that are preferred by the consumers. The ultimate purpose of the system is to give the customers personalized recommendations based on their preference. Similarly, the location and orientation will also play a crucial role in identifying the preference of the customer is a more efficient manner. Almost all social networks make use of location information to provide better services to the users based on the research performed. Hence there is a need for developing a recommender system that is dependent on location. In this paper, we have incorporated a recommender system that makes use of recommender algorithm that is personalized to take into consideration the context of the user. The preference of the user is analysed with the help of IoT smart devices like the smart watches, Google home, smart phones, ipads etc. The user preferences are obtained from these devices and will enable the recommender system to gauge the best resources. The results based on evaluation are compared with that of the content-based recommender algorithm and collaborative filtering to enable the recommendation engine’s power.

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Choi, D. L., J. F. Davis, M. E. Fitzgerald, and S. C. Benoit. "Context-dependent expectation of palatable food activates the orexin system." Appetite 52, no. 3 (June 2009): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2009.04.037.

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Marcucci, Fabrizio, Elisabetta Romeo, Carmelo A. Caserta, Cristiano Rumio, and François Lefoulon. "Context-Dependent Pharmacological Effects of Metformin on the Immune System." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 41, no. 3 (March 2020): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2020.01.003.

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Currier, Timothy A., and Katherine I. Nagel. "Experience- and Context-Dependent Modulation of the Invertebrate Compass System." Neuron 106, no. 1 (April 2020): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.03.003.

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Furukawa, Yosuke, Yusuke Kamoi, Tatsuya Sato, and Tomohiro Takagi. "Context Dependent Automatic Textile Image Annotation Using Networked Knowledge." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 11, no. 6 (July 20, 2007): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2007.p0633.

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This paper presents a new method of an automatic image annotation system that estimates keywords from an image. Typical automatic image annotation systems extract features from an image and recognize keywords. However this method has two problems. One is that it treats features statically. Features should change depending on what keywords are attached so keywords should not be treated equally. Another is that it does not consider the level of keywords. Visual keywords, such as color or texture, can be recognized easily from image features, while high-level semantics such as context are hard to recognize from the features. To solve these problems, our approach is to recognize context by using networked specialist knowledge and to recognize keywords by changing feature values dynamically depending on the context. To evaluate our system, we conducted two experiments of applying it to textile images. As a result, we obtained improved accuracy and confirmed the effectiveness of using networked knowledge.

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LAW, MARK, ALESSANDRA RUSSO, and KRYSIA BRODA. "Iterative Learning of Answer Set Programs from Context Dependent Examples." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 16, no. 5-6 (September 2016): 834–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068416000351.

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AbstractIn recent years, several frameworks and systems have been proposed that extend Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) to the Answer Set Programming (ASP) paradigm. In ILP, examples must all be explained by a hypothesis together with a given background knowledge. In existing systems, the background knowledge is the same for all examples; however, examples may be context-dependent. This means that some examples should be explained in the context of some information, whereas others should be explained in different contexts. In this paper, we capture this notion and present a context-dependent extension of the Learning from Ordered Answer Sets framework. In this extension, contexts can be used to further structure the background knowledge. We then propose a new iterative algorithm, ILASP2i, which exploits this feature to scale up the existing ILASP2 system to learning tasks with large numbers of examples. We demonstrate the gain in scalability by applying both algorithms to various learning tasks. Our results show that, compared to ILASP2, the newly proposed ILASP2i system can be two orders of magnitude faster and use two orders of magnitude less memory, whilst preserving the same average accuracy.

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Chan, W. W. P., and H. L. Galiana. "Integrator Function in the Oculomotor System Is Dependent on Sensory Context." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 6 (June 2005): 3709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00814.2004.

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The oculomotor integrator is usually defined by the characteristics of decay in gaze after saccades to flashed targets or after spontaneous gaze shifts in the dark. This property is then presumed fixed and accessed by other ocular reflexes, such as the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) or pursuit, to shape motoneural signals. An alternate view of this integrator proposes that it relies on a distributed network, which should change its properties with sensory-motor context. Here we demonstrate in 10 normal subjects that the function of integration can vary in an individual with the imposed test. The value of the time constant for the decay of gaze holding in the dark can be significantly different from the effective integration time constant estimated from VOR responses. Hence analytical tools for the study of dynamics in ocular reflexes must allow for nonideal and labile integrator function. The mechanisms underlying such labile integration remain to be explored and may be different in various ocular reflexes (e.g., visual versus vestibular).

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Alhalabi, Wadee S., Afnan Bawazir, Mubarak Mohammad, and Akila Sarirete. "Matching and Ranking Trustworthy Context-Dependent Universities." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 13, no. 2 (April 2017): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.2017040107.

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The King Abdullah Scholarship Program was created in 2005 by sending Saudi students to study abroad. The program has a series of specific rules and it was found that due to the multitude of services the students can choose from, there is a great difficulty in finding the most suitable universities/programs/courses. Traditional manual selection requires students to visit every university website looking for their preferred courses. Some students prefer to talk to advisers and recruiters to get help. Students are not aware that those advisers and recruiters might have a financial interest to direct students to certain universities. Therefore, the risk of applying to the wrong institution is increased. Manually selecting what is best for each criterion is a tedious task, and, consequently, in this work the authors use an automated system to reach a plausible solution.

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Suresh, Y., K. Pavan Kumar, PESN Krishna Prasad, and BDCN Prasad. "Pattern Recognition Using Context Dependent Memory Model (CDMM) in Multimodal Authentication System." International Journal in Foundations of Computer Science & Technology 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijfcst.2015.5105.

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Akharraz, Laila. "New Approach for Context-dependent Learner Model for Technology Enhanced Learning System." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 6, no. 4 (August 25, 2019): 1711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2019/99842019.

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Ryan, Julie A., and Steven L. Kohler. "Virulence is context-dependent in a vertically transmitted aquatic host–microparasite system." International Journal for Parasitology 40, no. 14 (December 2010): 1665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.07.004.

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Malsheen, Bathsheba J., Gabriel F. Groner, and Linda D. Williams. "Text to speech synthesis system and method using context dependent vowel allophones." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, no. 4 (April 1992): 2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.403608.

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Clemens, Jan, Florian Rau, R. Matthias Hennig, and K. Jannis Hildebrandt. "Context-dependent coding and gain control in the auditory system of crickets." European Journal of Neuroscience 42, no. 7 (August 8, 2015): 2390–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13019.

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Hara, Erina, Lubica Kubikova, Neal A. Hessler, and Erich D. Jarvis. "Assessing visual requirements for social context-dependent activation of the songbird song system." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1655 (September 30, 2008): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1138.

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Social context has been shown to have a profound influence on brain activation in a wide range of vertebrate species. Best studied in songbirds, when males sing undirected song, the level of neural activity and expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) in several song nuclei is dramatically higher or lower than when they sing directed song to other birds, particularly females. This differential social context-dependent activation is independent of auditory input and is not simply dependent on the motor act of singing. These findings suggested that the critical sensory modality driving social context-dependent differences in the brain could be visual cues. Here, we tested this hypothesis by examining IEG activation in song nuclei in hemispheres to which visual input was normal or blocked. We found that covering one eye blocked visually induced IEG expression throughout both contralateral visual pathways of the brain, and reduced activation of the contralateral ventral tegmental area, a non-visual midbrain motivation-related area affected by social context. However, blocking visual input had no effect on the social context-dependent activation of the contralateral song nuclei during female-directed singing. Our findings suggest that individual sensory modalities are not direct driving forces for the social context differences in song nuclei during singing. Rather, these social context differences in brain activation appear to depend more on the general sense that another individual is present.

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Stoltenberg, Scott F., Christa C. Christ, and Krista B. Highland. "Serotonin system gene polymorphisms are associated with impulsivity in a context dependent manner." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 39, no. 1 (October 2012): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.06.012.

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Park, Junseok, Seongkuk Park, Kwangmin Kim, Woochang Hwang, Sunyong Yoo, Gwan-su Yi, and Doheon Lee. "An interactive retrieval system for clinical trial studies with context-dependent protocol elements." PLOS ONE 15, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): e0238290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238290.

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SHIMOMURA, TAKAO, QUAN LIANG CHEN, and MUNEO TAKAHASHI. "EXTENSIBLE SYNTAX-ORIENTED VERIFIER WITH CONTEXT-DEPENDENT RECURSIVE VERIFICATION." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 20, no. 02 (March 2010): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194010004700.

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To develop Web applications of high quality, it is important to apply efficient frameworks to standardize the process of development in projects, or apply useful design patterns to produce the program code that can easily be enhanced. In addition to these efforts, we have to check the programs to see whether they keep various kinds of rules such as verification items for security which are common for all kinds of Web applications, and verification items for coding styles or code conventions which pertain to each project. This paper proposes a verification method for an extensible syntax-oriented verifier, and describes the implementation of its prototype system, SyntaxVerifier. SyntaxVerifier makes it possible to detect syntactical objects based on their syntactic contexts. It realizes a context-dependent recursive verification which makes it easy to dynamically trace a syntax tree in a verification process itself.

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Doboli, Simona, Ali A. Minai, and Phillip J. Best. "Latent Attractors: A Model for Context-Dependent Place Representations in the Hippocampus." Neural Computation 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 1009–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976600300015484.

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Cells throughout the rodent hippocampal system show place-specific patterns of firing called place fields, creating a coarse-coded representation of location. The dependencies of this place code—or cognitive map—on sensory cues have been investigated extensively, and several computational models have been developed to explain them. However, place representations also exhibit strong dependence on spatial and behavioral context, and identical sensory environments can produce very different place codes in different situations. Several recent studies have proposed models for the computational basis of this phenomenon, but it is still not completely understood. In this article, we present a very simple connectionist model for producing context-dependent place representations in the hippocampus. We propose that context dependence arises in the den-tate gyrus-hilus (DGH) system, which functions as a dynamic selector, disposing a small group of granule and pyramidal cells to fire in response to afferent stimulus while depressing the rest. It is hypothesized that the DGH system dynamics has “latent attractors,” which are unmasked by the afferent input and channel system activity into subpopulations of cells in the DG, CA3, and other hippocampal regions as observed experimentally. The proposed model shows that a minimally structured hippocampus-like system can robustly produce context-dependent place codes with realistic attributes.

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Lau, Joseph C. Y., Patrick C. M. Wong, and Bharath Chandrasekaran. "Context-dependent plasticity in the subcortical encoding of linguistic pitch patterns." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00656.2016.

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We examined the mechanics of online experience-dependent auditory plasticity by assessing the influence of prior context on the frequency-following responses (FFRs), which reflect phase-locked responses from neural ensembles within the subcortical auditory system. FFRs were elicited to a Cantonese falling lexical pitch pattern from 24 native speakers of Cantonese in a variable context, wherein the falling pitch pattern randomly occurred in the context of two other linguistic pitch patterns; in a patterned context, wherein, the falling pitch pattern was presented in a predictable sequence along with two other pitch patterns, and in a repetitive context, wherein the falling pitch pattern was presented with 100% probability. We found that neural tracking of the stimulus pitch contour was most faithful and accurate when listening context was patterned and least faithful when the listening context was variable. The patterned context elicited more robust pitch tracking relative to the repetitive context, suggesting that context-dependent plasticity is most robust when the context is predictable but not repetitive. Our study demonstrates a robust influence of prior listening context that works to enhance online neural encoding of linguistic pitch patterns. We interpret these results as indicative of an interplay between contextual processes that are responsive to predictability as well as novelty in the presentation context. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human auditory perception in dynamic listening environments requires fine-tuning of sensory signal based on behaviorally relevant regularities in listening context, i.e., online experience-dependent plasticity. Our finding suggests what partly underlie online experience-dependent plasticity are interplaying contextual processes in the subcortical auditory system that are responsive to predictability as well as novelty in listening context. These findings add to the literature that looks to establish the neurophysiological bases of auditory system plasticity, a central issue in auditory neuroscience.

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Janyoi, Pongsathon, and Pusadee Seresangtakul. "Isarn Dialect Speech Synthesis using HMM with syllable-context features." ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) 12, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-cit.2018122.108607.

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This paper describes the Isarn speech synthesis system, which is a regional dialect spoken in the Northeast of Thailand. In this study, we focus to improve the prosody generation of the system by using the additional context features. In order to develop the system, the speech parameters (Mel-ceptrum and fundamental frequencies of phoneme within different phonetic contexts) were modelled using Hidden Markov Models (HMM). Synthetic speech was generated by converting the input text into context-dependent phonemes. Speech parameters were generated from the trained HMM, according to the context-dependent phonemes, and were then synthesized through a speech vocoder. In this study, systems were trained using three different feature sets: basic contextual features, tonal, and syllable-context features. Objective and subjective tests were conducted to determine the performance of the proposed system. The results indicated that the addition of the syllable-context features significantly improved the naturalness of synthesized speech.

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Shvartsman, S. Y., M. P. Hagan, A. Yacoub, P. Dent, H. S. Wiley, and D. A. Lauffenburger. "Autocrine loops with positive feedback enable context-dependent cell signaling." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 282, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): C545—C559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00260.2001.

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We describe a mechanism for context-dependent cell signaling mediated by autocrine loops with positive feedback. We demonstrate that the composition of the extracellular medium can critically influence the intracellular signaling dynamics induced by extracellular stimuli. Specifically, in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) system, amplitude and duration of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation are modulated by the positive-feedback loop formed by the EGFR, the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway, and a ligand-releasing protease. The signaling response to a transient input is short-lived when most of the released ligand is lost to the cellular microenvironment by diffusion and/or interaction with an extracellular ligand-binding component. In contrast, the response is prolonged or persistent in a cell that is efficient in recapturing the endogenous ligand. To study functional capabilities of autocrine loops, we have developed a mathematical model that accounts for ligand release, transport, binding, and intracellular signaling. We find that context-dependent signaling arises as a result of dynamic interaction between the parts of an autocrine loop. Using the model, we can directly interpret experimental observations on context-dependent responses of autocrine cells to ionizing radiation. In human carcinoma cells, MAPK signaling patterns induced by a short pulse of ionizing radiation can be transient or sustained, depending on cell type and composition of the extracellular medium. On the basis of our model, we propose that autocrine loops in this, and potentially other, growth factor and cytokine systems may serve as modules for context-dependent cell signaling.

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Howard, Ian S., James N. Ingram, and Daniel M. Wolpert. "Context-Dependent Partitioning of Motor Learning in Bimanual Movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 4 (October 2010): 2082–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00299.2010.

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Human subjects easily adapt to single dynamic or visuomotor perturbations. In contrast, when two opposing dynamic or visuomotor perturbations are presented sequentially, interference is often observed. We examined the effect of bimanual movement context on interference between opposing perturbations using pairs of contexts, in which the relative direction of movement between the two arms was different across the pair. When each perturbation direction was associated with a different bimanual context, such as movement of the arms in the same direction versus movement in the opposite direction, interference was dramatically reduced. This occurred over a short period of training and was seen for both dynamic and visuomotor perturbations, suggesting a partitioning of motor learning for the different bimanual contexts. Further support for this was found in a series of transfer experiments. Having learned a single dynamic or visuomotor perturbation in one bimanual context, subjects showed incomplete transfer of this learning when the context changed, even though the perturbation remained the same. In addition, we examined a bimanual context in which one arm was moved passively and show that the reduction in interference requires active movement. The sensory consequences of movement are thus insufficient to allow opposing perturbations to be co-represented. Our results suggest different bimanual movement contexts engage at least partially separate representations of dynamics and kinematics in the motor system.

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Weissengruber, Sebastian, Sang Wan Lee, John P. O’Doherty, and Christian C. Ruff. "Neurostimulation Reveals Context-Dependent Arbitration Between Model-Based and Model-Free Reinforcement Learning." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 11 (March 19, 2019): 4850–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz019.

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Abstract While it is established that humans use model-based (MB) and model-free (MF) reinforcement learning in a complementary fashion, much less is known about how the brain determines which of these systems should control behavior at any given moment. Here we provide causal evidence for a neural mechanism that acts as a context-dependent arbitrator between both systems. We applied excitatory and inhibitory transcranial direct current stimulation over a region of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex previously found to encode the reliability of both learning systems. The opposing neural interventions resulted in a bidirectional shift of control between MB and MF learning. Stimulation also affected the sensitivity of the arbitration mechanism itself, as it changed how often subjects switched between the dominant system over time. Both of these effects depended on varying task contexts that either favored MB or MF control, indicating that this arbitration mechanism is not context-invariant but flexibly incorporates information about current environmental demands.

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MANUVAKHOVA, MARINA, KIM KEELING, and DAVID M. BEDWELL. "Aminoglycoside antibiotics mediate context-dependent suppression of termination codons in a mammalian translation system." RNA 6, no. 7 (July 2000): 1044–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355838200000716.

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Brosch, Tobias, Géraldine Coppin, Klaus R. Scherer, Sophie Schwartz, and David Sander. "Generating value(s): Psychological value hierarchies reflect context-dependent sensitivity of the reward system." Social Neuroscience 6, no. 2 (March 8, 2011): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2010.506754.

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Tay, Tuan Leng, Dominic Mai, Jana Dautzenberg, Francisco Fernández-Klett, Gen Lin, Sagar, Moumita Datta, et al. "A new fate mapping system reveals context-dependent random or clonal expansion of microglia." Nature Neuroscience 20, no. 6 (April 17, 2017): 793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn.4547.

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Brown, Mark J. F., Regula Schmid-Hempel, and Paul Schmid-Hempel. "Strong context-dependent virulence in a host-parasite system: reconciling genetic evidence with theory." Journal of Animal Ecology 72, no. 6 (November 2003): 994–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2656.2003.00770.x.

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Umesono, Yoshihiko, Yasushi Hiromi, and Yoshiki Hotta. "Context-dependent utilization of Notch activity in Drosophila glial determination." Development 129, no. 10 (May 15, 2002): 2391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.10.2391.

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During Drosophila neurogenesis, glial differentiation depends on the expression of glial cells missing (gcm). Understanding how glial fate is achieved thus requires knowledge of the temporal and spatial control mechanisms directing gcm expression. A recent report showed that in the adult bristle lineage, gcm expression is negatively regulated by Notch signaling (Van De Bor, V. and Giangrande, A. (2001). Development128, 1381-1390). Here we show that the effect of Notch activation on gliogenesis is context-dependent. In the dorsal bipolar dendritic (dbd) sensory lineage in the embryonic peripheral nervous system (PNS), asymmetric cell division of the dbd precursor produces a neuron and a glial cell, where gcm expression is activated in the glial daughter. Within the dbd lineage, Notch is specifically activated in one of the daughter cells and is required for gcm expression and a glial fate. Thus Notch activity has opposite consequences on gcm expression in two PNS lineages. Ectopic Notch activation can direct gliogenesis in a subset of embryonic PNS lineages, suggesting that Notch-dependent gliogenesis is supported in certain developmental contexts. We present evidence that POU-domain protein Nubbin/PDM-1 is one of the factors that provide such context.

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Nadasdy, Zoltan, T. Peter Nguyen, Ágoston Török, Jason Y. Shen, Deborah E. Briggs, Pradeep N. Modur, and Robert J. Buchanan. "Context-dependent spatially periodic activity in the human entorhinal cortex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 17 (April 10, 2017): E3516—E3525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701352114.

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The spatially periodic activity of grid cells in the entorhinal cortex (EC) of the rodent, primate, and human provides a coordinate system that, together with the hippocampus, informs an individual of its location relative to the environment and encodes the memory of that location. Among the most defining features of grid-cell activity are the 60° rotational symmetry of grids and preservation of grid scale across environments. Grid cells, however, do display a limited degree of adaptation to environments. It remains unclear if this level of environment invariance generalizes to human grid-cell analogs, where the relative contribution of visual input to the multimodal sensory input of the EC is significantly larger than in rodents. Patients diagnosed with nontractable epilepsy who were implanted with entorhinal cortical electrodes performing virtual navigation tasks to memorized locations enabled us to investigate associations between grid-like patterns and environment. Here, we report that the activity of human entorhinal cortical neurons exhibits adaptive scaling in grid period, grid orientation, and rotational symmetry in close association with changes in environment size, shape, and visual cues, suggesting scale invariance of the frequency, rather than the wavelength, of spatially periodic activity. Our results demonstrate that neurons in the human EC represent space with an enhanced flexibility relative to neurons in rodents because they are endowed with adaptive scalability and context dependency.

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Esposito, Giuseppe, Brenda S. Kirkby, John D. Van Horn, Timothy M. Ellmore, and Karen Faith Berman. "Context-dependent, neural system-specific neurophysiological concomitants of ageing: mapping PET correlates during cognitive activation." Brain 122, no. 5 (May 1999): 963–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/122.5.963.

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Harrower, Jennifer, and Gregory S. Gilbert. "Context-dependent mutualisms in the Joshua tree-yucca moth system shift along a climate gradient." Ecosphere 9, no. 9 (September 2018): e02439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2439.

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Sommer, Lukas. "Context-dependent regulation of fate decisions in multipotent progenitor cells of the peripheral nervous system." Cell and Tissue Research 305, no. 2 (February 20, 2001): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410000331.

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Kosmowski, Kazimierz. "Human Reliability Analysis in the Context of Accident Scenarios." Journal of Konbin 6, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10040-008-0074-y.

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Human Reliability Analysis in the Context of Accident ScenariosThis article addresses the issue of human reliability analysis (HRA) in the context of accident scenarios. The need for contextual analysis of human operator behavior with careful treating of errors and dependent failures within given accident scenario is emphasized. The functional safety analysis including the human reliability analysis is illustrated on example of the protection layers of a hazardous industrial system that includes the basic process control system (BPCS), human-operator (HO) and safety instrumented systems (SIS) designed with regard to the functional safety criteria.

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Bothwell, Mark. "Recent advances in understanding context-dependent mechanisms controlling neurotrophin signaling and function." F1000Research 8 (September 19, 2019): 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19174.1.

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Complex mechanisms control the signaling of neurotrophins through p75NTR and Trk receptors, allowing cellular responses that are highly context dependent, particularly in the nervous system and particularly with regard to the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Recent reports describe a variety of sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that contribute to such functional flexibility. Mechanisms described include regulation of trafficking of alternative BDNF transcripts, regulation of post-translational processing and secretion of BDNF, engagement of co-receptors that influence localization and signaling of p75NTR and Trk receptors, and control of trafficking of receptors in the endocytic pathway and during anterograde and retrograde axonal transport.

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Vlachos, Andreas, and Stephen Clark. "A New Corpus and Imitation Learning Framework for Context-Dependent Semantic Parsing." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 2 (December 2014): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00202.

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Semantic parsing is the task of translating natural language utterances into a machine-interpretable meaning representation. Most approaches to this task have been evaluated on a small number of existing corpora which assume that all utterances must be interpreted according to a database and typically ignore context. In this paper we present a new, publicly available corpus for context-dependent semantic parsing. The MRL used for the annotation was designed to support a portable, interactive tourist information system. We develop a semantic parser for this corpus by adapting the imitation learning algorithm DAgger without requiring alignment information during training. DAgger improves upon independently trained classifiers by 9.0 and 4.8 points in F-score on the development and test sets respectively.

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BOD, RENS. "Context-sensitive spoken dialogue processing with the DOP model." Natural Language Engineering 5, no. 4 (December 1999): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324900002291.

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We show how the DOP model can be used for fast and robust context-sensitive processing of spoken input in a practical spoken dialogue system called OVIS. OVIS (Openbaar Vervoer Informatie Systeem) – ‘Public Transport Information System’, is a Dutch spoken language information system which operates over ordinary telephone lines. The prototype system is the immediate goal of the NWO Priority Programme ‘Language and Speech Technology’. In this paper, we extend the original Data-Oriented Parsing (DOP) model to context-sensitive interpretation of spoken input. The system we describe uses the OVIS corpus (which consists of 10,000 trees enriched with compositional semantics) to compute from an input word-graph the best utterance together with its meaning. Dialogue context is taken into account by dividing up the OVIS corpus into context-dependent subcorpora. Each system question triggers a subcorpus by which the user answer is analysed and interpreted. Our experiments indicate that the context-sensitive DOP model obtains better accuracy than the original model, allowing for fast and robust processing of spoken input.

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Franco, Horacio, Michael Cohen, Nelson Morgan, David Rumelhart, and Victor Abrash. "Context-dependent connectionist probability estimation in a hybrid hidden Markov model-neural net speech recognition system." Computer Speech & Language 8, no. 3 (July 1994): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/csla.1994.1010.

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MOON, DANIEL C., JWAN BARNOUTI, and BRETT YOUNGINGER. "Context-dependent effects of mycorrhizae on herbivore density and parasitism in a tritrophic coastal study system." Ecological Entomology 38, no. 1 (November 8, 2012): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.2012.01399.x.

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Hajek, Ann E., Elizabeth Erin Morris, and Tory A. Hendry. "Context-dependent interactions of insects and defensive symbionts: insights from a novel system in siricid woodwasps." Current Opinion in Insect Science 33 (June 2019): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2019.03.006.

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Moskin, Nikolai Dmitrievich, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Rogov, and Roman Vladimirovich Voronov. "Generalized context-dependent graph-theoretic model of folklore and literary texts." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 34, no. 1 (2022): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2022-34(1)-6.

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One of the problems of automatic text processing is their attribution. This term is understood as the establishment of the attributes of a text work (determination of authorship, time of creation, place of recording, etc.). The article presents a generalized context-dependent graph-theoretic model designed for the analysis of folklore and literary texts. The minimal structural unit of the model (primitive) is a word. Sets of words are combined into vertices, and the same word can be related to different vertices. Edges and graph substructures reflect the lexical, syntactic and semantic links of the text. The characteristics of the model are its fuzziness, hierarchy and temporality. As examples, a hierarchical graph-theoretical model of components (on the example of literary works by A. S. Pushkin), a temporal graph-theoretic model of a fairy tale plot (on the example of Russian fairy tales by A. M. Afanasyev) and a fuzzy graph-theoretic model of «strong» connections of grammatical classes (on the example of anonymous articles from the pre-revolutionary magazines «Time», «Epoch» and the weekly «Citizen», edited by F. M. Dostoevsky). The model is built in such a way that it can be further explored using artificial intelligence methods (for example, decision trees or neural networks). For this purpose, a format for storing such data was implemented in the information system «Folklore», as well as procedures for entering, editing and analyzing texts and their graph-theoretic models.

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Neeley, Brandon, Tyler Overholt, Emily Artz, Steven G. Kinsey, and Gary Marsat. "Selective and Context-Dependent Social and Behavioral Effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Weakly Electric Fish." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 91, no. 4 (2018): 214–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000490171.

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Cannabinoid (CB) receptors are widespread in the nervous system and influence a variety of behaviors. Weakly electric fish have been a useful model system in the study of the neural basis of behavior, but we know nothing of the role played by the CB system. Here, we determine the overall behavioral effect of a nonselective CB receptor agonist, namely Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. Using various behavioral paradigms involving social stimuli, we show that THC decreases locomotor behavior, as in many species, and influences communication and social behavior. Across the different experiments, we found that the propensity to emit communication signals (chirps) and seek social interactions was affected in a context-dependent manner. We explicitly tested this hypothesis by comparing the behavioral effects of THC injection in fish placed in a novel versus a familiar social and physical environment. THC-injected fish were less likely to chirp than control fish in familiar situations but not in novel ones. The tendency to be in close proximity to other fish was affected only in novel environments, with control fish clustering more than THC-injected ones. By identifying behaviors affected by CB agonists, our study can guide further comparative and neurophysiological studies of the role of the CB system using a weakly electric fish as a model.

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Orczyk, John J., and Preston E. Garraghty. "Reconciling Homeostatic and Use-Dependent Plasticity in the Context of Somatosensory Deprivation." Neural Plasticity 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/290819.

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The concept of homeostatic plasticity postulates that neurons maintain relatively stable rates of firing despite changing inputs. Homeostatic and use-dependent plasticity mechanisms operate concurrently, although they have different requirements for induction. Depriving central somatosensory neurons of their primary activating inputs reduces activity and results in compensatory changes that favor excitation. Both a reduction of GABAergic inhibition and increase in glutamatergic excitatory transmission are observed in input-deprived cortex. Topographic reorganization of the adult somatosensory cortex is likely driven by both homeostatic and use-dependent mechanisms. Plasticity is induced by changes in the strengths of synaptic inputs, as well as changes in temporal correlation of neuronal activity. However, there is less certainty regarding thein vivocontribution of homeostatic mechanisms asin vitroexperiments rely on manipulations that create states that do not normally occur in the living nervous system. Homeostatic plasticity seems to occur, but morein vivoresearch is needed to determine mechanisms.In vitroresearch is also needed but should better conform to conditions that might occur naturallyin vivo.

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Sugimoto, Toru, Noriko Ito, and Shino Iwashita. "A Proposal of a Language-Based Context-Sensitive Programming System." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 11, no. 8 (October 20, 2007): 1015–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2007.p1015.

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This paper describes a programming system with which even novice users can easily specify complex requests as natural language texts, in other words, write programs in everyday language, to operate computing systems. Based on a study of task specification texts written by non-programmers, the processing model is designed so that implicit and ambiguous information in an input text is detected and transformed into an explicit executable program structure. Context dependency in programming is also considered. Context-dependent factors in the situation of program development and the situation of program execution are considered in text understanding and program execution phases, bridging the gap between these two contexts. We have developed a prototype system that deals with personal email management tasks. In this paper, we explain our processing model, give evaluation results, and discuss our proposal’s effectiveness and projected work.

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MARCH, EVRIM G., and PHILIPPA PATTISON. "The role of language system in context-dependent language use in Turkish-speaking versus English-speaking older adults." Applied Psycholinguistics 35, no. 6 (February 1, 2013): 1087–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716412000707.

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ABSTRACTDeixis is a linguistic bridge between spoken language and communicative context, and its use is intrinsically dependent on the context as well as the language system itself. This cross-linguistic study examined the impact of two distinct language systems, English and Turkish, on the uses of nouns, spatial deixis, and person deixis in 26 Turkish versus 26 Anglo Australian healthy older adults. The study revealed a predilection for spatial deictic use in Turkish versus person deictic use in English speakers at task-specific levels, and the pattern of relationships between language use forms were partially distinct between the two languages. The study provided empirical evidence to deictic theories regarding the role of language structure in discourse production, with implications on brain–language relationships.

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Moyo, Thembani, Alain Y. Kibangou, and Walter Musakwa. "Societal context-dependent multi-modal transportation network augmentation in Johannesburg, South Africa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): e0249014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249014.

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In most developing countries, formal and informal transportation schemes coexist without effective and smart integration. In this paper, the authors show how to leverage opportunities offered by formal and informal transportation schemes to build an integrated multi-modal network. Precisely, the authors consider integration of rickshaws to a bus-train network, by taking into account accessibility and societal constraints. By modelling the respective networks with weighted graphs, a graph augmentation problem is solved with respect to a composite cost taking into account constraints on the use of rickshaws. The solution, is based on finding a minimum cost spanning tree of a merged graph. The method is applied in the South African context, in the city of Johannesburg where rickshaws are not yet a significant part of the transportation system. The implications of the study reveal that using non-motorised transportation services is a viable option of improving mobility in the city. The composite cost introduced herein could be used for new routing algorithm including societal, environmental, architectural contexts and commuter experiences through rating.

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Plaistow, S. J., and T. G. Benton. "The influence of context-dependent maternal effects on population dynamics: an experimental test." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1520 (March 12, 2009): 1049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0251.

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Parental effects arise when either the maternal or paternal phenotype influences the phenotypes of subsequent generations. Simple analytical models assume maternal effects are a mechanism creating delayed density dependence. Such models predict that maternal effects can very easily lead to population cycles. Despite this, unambiguous maternal-effect mediated cycles have not been demonstrated in any system. Additionally, much evidence has arisen to invalidate the underlying assumption that there is a simple positive correlation between maternal performance and offspring performance. A key issue in understanding how maternal effects may affect population dynamics is determining how the expression of parental effects changes in different environments. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that maternal effects influence population dynamics in a context-dependent way. Populations of the soil mite, Sancassania berlesei , were set up at high density (500 eggs) or low density (50 eggs), with eggs that were either laid by young mothers or old mothers (a previously documented maternal effect in this system). The influence of maternal age on both population and egg and body-size dynamics was only observed in the populations initiated under low density rather than high density. This difference was attributable to the context-dependence of maternal effects at the individual level. In low-density (high food) conditions, maternal effects have an impact on offspring reproductive performance, creating an impact on the population growth rate. In high density (low food), maternal effects impact more on juvenile survival (not adult size or reproduction), creating a smaller impact on the population growth rate. This context dependence of effects at the population level means that, in fluctuating populations, maternal effects cause intermittent delayed density dependence that does not lead to persistent cycles.

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Glina, Elyse Marie, and Byeong-Ho Kang. "Conversation System with State Information." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 14, no. 6 (September 20, 2010): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2010.p0741.

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Most current approaches to conversation system development invoke a complex set of language parsing rules or development tools difficult for novices to handle and are unable to convincingly simulate advanced natural language features such as topic awareness or conversation thread involvement. This study proposes an alternate approach based on the Ripple Down Rules (RDR) algorithm, presently used to enable more effective maintenance of expert systems. This tree-based algorithm enables a conversation system to travel incrementally deeper into a particular topic, then to switch based on context-dependent information to the correct previously discussed topic – resulting in a highly reusable method of developing conversation systems based around a variety of topics.

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Ikeda, Muneki, Shunji Nakano, Andrew C. Giles, Linghuan Xu, Wagner Steuer Costa, Alexander Gottschalk, and Ikue Mori. "Context-dependent operation of neural circuits underlies a navigation behavior inCaenorhabditis elegans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 11 (March 2, 2020): 6178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918528117.

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The nervous system evaluates environmental cues and adjusts motor output to ensure navigation toward a preferred environment. The nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansnavigates in the thermal environment and migrates toward its cultivation temperature by moving up or down thermal gradients depending not only on absolute temperature but on relative difference between current and previously experienced cultivation temperature. Although previous studies showed that such thermal context-dependent opposing migration is mediated by bias in frequency and direction of reorientation behavior, the complete neural pathways—from sensory to motor neurons—and their circuit logics underlying the opposing behavioral bias remain elusive. By conducting comprehensive cell ablation, high-resolution behavioral analyses, and computational modeling, we identified multiple neural pathways regulating behavioral components important for thermotaxis, and demonstrate that distinct sets of neurons are required for opposing bias of even single behavioral components. Furthermore, our imaging analyses show that the context-dependent operation is evident in sensory neurons, very early in the neural pathway, and manifested by bidirectional responses of a first-layer interneuron AIB under different thermal contexts. Our results suggest that the contextual differences are encoded among sensory neurons and a first-layer interneuron, processed among different downstream neurons, and lead to the flexible execution of context-dependent behavior.

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Costa Freitas, Maria de Belém, Maria Raquel Ventura-Lucas, Lola Izquierdo, and Claus Deblitz. "The Montado/Dehesa Cow-Calf Production Systems in Portugal and Spain: An Economic and Resources’ Use Approach." Land 9, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9050148.

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The Montado in Portugal and Dehesa in Spain is a unique agro-silvo-pastoral system designed to overcome food needs in a scarce resource’s environment. The system competitiveness is not clear and it is now under severe threats, caused by extensification or abandonment of less fertile areas and by intensification in more fertile ones. The aim of the undertaken research is to compare the cow-calf production within these systems in Portugal and Spain, identifying their strengths and weaknesses and the main drivers of their evolution, and to compare these systems with other European countries’ systems, ranking their competitiveness and efficiency among other systems in the EU. The research indicates that Montado/Dehesa farms systems are dependent on the type of farming system, its context and management, i.e., on the decision and its context; so, in a context of Mediterranean land system changes, the future of the Montado/Dehesa ecosystem depends on the ability of the cow-calf production systems to face the future and to perceive the modifications needed to overcome new challenges and take advantage of new opportunities.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Context-dependent system'

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