Dissertations / Theses: 'Context of situation'

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Thollot, Raphaël. "Dynamic situation monitoring and Context-Aware BI recommendations." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718917.

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The amount of information generated and maintained by information systems and their users leads to the increasingly important concern of information overload. Personalized systems have thus emerged to help provide more relevant information and services to the user. In particular, recommender systems appeared in the mid 1990's and have since then generated a growing interest in both industry and academia. Besides, context-aware systems have been developed to model, capture and interpret information about the user's situation, generally in dynamic and heterogeneous environments. Decision support systems like Business Intelligence (BI) platforms also face usability challenges as the amount of information available to knowledge workers grows. Remarkably, we observe that only a small part of personalization and recommendation techniques have been used in the context of data warehouses and analysis tools. Therefore, our work aims at exploring synergies of recommender systems and context-aware systems to develop personalization and recommendation scenarios suited in a BI environment. In response to this, we develop in our work an open and modular situation management platform using a graph-based situation model. Besides, dynamic aspects are crucial to deal with context data which is inherently time-dependent. We thus define two types of active components to enable dynamic maintenance of situation graphs, activation rules and operators. In response to events which can describe users' interactions, activation rules - defined using the event-condition-action framework - are evaluated thanks to queries on underlying graphs, to eventually trigger appropriate operators. These platform and framework allow us to develop and support various recommendation and personalization scenarios. Importantly, we design a re-usable personalized query expansion component, using semantics of multi-dimensional models and usage statistics from repositories of BI documents like reports or dashboards. This component is an important part of another experimentation we realized, Text-To-Query. This system dynamically generates multi-dimensional queries to illustrate a text and support the knowledge worker in the analysis or enrichment of documents she is manipulating. Besides, we also illustrate the integration and usage of our graph repository and situation management frameworks in an open and extensible federated search project, to provide background knowledge management and personalization.

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Brdiczka, Olivier. "Learning situation models for providing context-aware services." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0050.

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Cette thèse porte sur l'apprentissage des modèles de situations afin de fournir des services sensibles au contexte dans un environnement intelligent. D'abord, nous motivons et introduisons la notion de contexte pour la modélisation du comportement humain. Ce dernier est représenté par un modèle de situations décrivant l'environnement, ses occupants et leursactivités. Nous proposons deux exemples d'implémentation du modèle de situations. Puis, nous introduisons un cadre conceptuel pour l'acquisitionautomatique et l'évolution des différentes couches d'un modèle de situations. Ce cadre regroupe différentes méthodes d'apprentissage: la détection de rôles par entité, l'extraction non-supervisée de situations à partir de données multimodales, l'apprentissage supervisé de situations et l'évolution d'un modèle de situations basée sur les retours de l'utilisateur. Ce cadre conceptuel ainsi que les méthodes associées ont été implémentées et évaluées dans un environnement domestique augmenté
This thesis addresses the problem of learning situation models for providing context-aware services in an intelligent environment. First, the notion of context for modeling human behavior in an intelligent environment is motivated and introduced. Context is represented by a situation model describing environment, users and their activities. Two example implementations for the situation model are proposed. A framework for acquiring and evolving different layers of a situation model is then introduced. Several novel learning methods are part of this framework: role detection per entity, unsupervised extraction of situations from multimodal data, supervised learning of situation representations, and the evolution of a predefined situation model with feedback. The situation model serves as frame and support for the different methods, permitting to stay in an intuitive declarative framework. The proposed framework has been implemented and evaluated for an intelligent home environment

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Nivre, Joakim. "Situations, meaning, and communication a situation theoretic approach to meaning in language and communication /." Göteborg, Sweden : Dept. of Linguistics, University of Göteborg, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31171651.html.

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Nwiabu, Nuka D. "Situation awareness approach to context-aware case-based decision support." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/791.

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Context-aware case-based decision support systems (CACBDSS) use the context of users as one of the features for similarity assessment to provide solutions to problems. The combination of a context-aware case-based reasoning (CBR) with general domain knowledge has been shown to improve similarity assessment, solving domain specific problems and problems of uncertain knowledge. Whilst these CBR approaches in context awareness address problems of incomplete data and domain specific problems, future problems that are situation-dependent cannot be anticipated due to lack of data by the CACBDSS to make predictions. Future problems can be predicted through situation awareness (SA), a psychological concept of knowing what is happening around you in order to know the future. The work conducted in this thesis explores the incorporation of SA to CACBDSS. It develops a framework to decouple the interface and underlying data model using an iterative research and design methodology. Two new approaches of using situation awareness to enhance CACBDSS are presented: (1) situation awareness as a problem identification component of CACBDSS (2) situation awareness for both problem identification and solving in CACBDSS. The first approach comprises of two distinct parts; SA, and CBR parts. The SA part understands the problem by using rules to interpret cues from the environment and users. The CBR part uses the knowledge from the SA part to provide solutions. The second approach is a fusion of the two technologies into a single case-based situation awareness (CBSA) model for situation awareness based on experience rather than rule, and problem solving predictions. The CBSA system perceives the users’ context and the environment and uses them to understand the current situation by retrieving similar past situations. The futures of new situations are predicted through knowledge of the history of similar past situations. Implementation of the two approaches in flow assurance control domain to predict the formation of hydrate shows improvements in both similarity assessment and problem solving predictions compared to CACBDSS without SA. Specifically, the second approach provides an improved decision support in scenarios where there are experienced situations. In the absence of experienced situations, the second approach offers more reliable solutions because of its rule-based capability. The adaptation of the user interface of the approaches to the current situation and the presentation of a reusable sequence of tasks in the situation reduces memory loads on operators. The integrated research-design methodology used in realising these approaches links theory and practice, thinking and doing, achieving practical as well as research objectives. The action research with practitioners provided the understanding of the domain activities, the social settings, resources, and goals of users. The user-centered design process ensures an understanding of the users. The agile development model ensures an iterative work, enables faster development of a functional prototype, which are more easily communicated and tested, thus giving better input for the next iteration.

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Yang, Tian. "A prickly situation: Prickle1 function depends on the signaling context." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1517.

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The gene PRICKLE1 is important for human brain function, as mutations in PRCKLE1 are associated with progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME). Mutations in prickle orthologs could cause seizures in flies, zebrafish and mice, suggesting a conserved role of Prickle protein in seizure from fruit flies to humans. The underlying molecular mechanism how PRICKLE1 mutation causes PME is still unknown. Prickle1 is part of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, which regulates cell polarity within plane of cell sheets. In Drosophila, prickle is recruited to one side of the cell by another PCP protein, Van Gogh. This asymmetric protein localization of Van Gogh/prickle establishes cell polarity. In zebrafish and Xenopus, loss of Prickle or Van Gogh like (Vangl) genes causes PCP phenotypes, which seemingly supports the Prickle/Vangl protein interaction and the role of Prickle in PCP pathway. The function of Prickle in mammals has not been analyzed. It is possible that mammalian Prickle also interacts with Vangl to mediate PCP signaling based on the conserved role of prickle from Drosophila to Xenopus. If Prickle1 interacts with Vangl and regulate PCP pathway, the PME we observed in humans might be associated with loss of neuronal polarity and impaired neuron activity. Therefore, to understand whether Prickle1 mediates Vangl signaling in mammals could be a step toward revealing the etiology of PME in human patients. Therefore, I analyzed the function of Prickle1 in three developmental processes, the limb development, the palate development, and the caudal migration of facial branchimotor neurons (FBMs), in which the function of PCP pathway, especially Vangl2, has been described. Supporting the interaction between Prickle1 and Vangl, mutations in either Prickle1 or Vangl2 leads to shorter limbs. However, Prickle1 and Vangl2 only have limited overlap in mRNA expression in the digit tips. This raises the question as to how impaired Prickle1/Vangl2 protein interaction in these cells in the digit tips cause defective growth of the whole limb. It also suggests alternate function of Prickle1 other than mediating Vangl2 function. This interaction between Prickle1 and Vangl2 is further challenged by the limited function of Vangl but the essential role of Prickle1 in palate development, which suggests that the function of Prickle1 is independent of Vangl2. In the caudal migration of FBMs, Prickle1 mutation impairs this migration process dose-dependently. This is different from Vangl2 mutation, which completely blocks the caudal migration and partially impairs the lateral migration of FBMs. More importantly, Prickle1 is expressed by the neurons, while Vangl2 functions in the surrounding cells, which again raises the question as to whether and how the two proteins could interact if they are not expressed in the same cell. These results together question the model that Prickle1 is the intracellular partner of Vangl2, but support Prickle1 function might be independent of Vangl. Actually, it is possible that Prickle1 is part of gene expression regulation machinery: Prickle1 mutation affects Wnt5a expression in the limb and Shh expression in the palate. Although this regulation mechanism is still unknown, it suggests that defective gene expression might be related to PME caused by PRICKLE1 mutation.

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Kumpis, Arvydas. "Situation of Zainichi Koreans in the context of Takeshima/Dokdo issue." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130605_135712-36597.

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Takeshima/Dokdo issue is an ongoing territorial dispute between Japan and South Korea. Dispute is being constantly renewed, resulting in clashes in political arena. This issue is represented in various aspects, such as historical, economical or political one. Nevertheless, social construct of Zainichi Koreans are often excluded from the discourse of this issue, though their ambiguous situation may be directly affected by the course of Takeshima/Dokdo issue. Therefore, the hypothesis was raised - in Japan Zainichi Koreans undergo discrimination, which is intensifying according to the course of Takeshima/Dokdo issue. In order to verify the hypothesis, in-depth interviews with Zainichi Koreans were conducted. Nevertheless, mainly because of unreliability of research subjects, no instances of different treatment with Zainichi Koreans were witnessed.
Takešimos/Dokdo salų konfliktas yra vis dar besitęsiantis ir periodiškai atsinaujinantis teritorinis ginčas tarp Japonijos ir Pietų Korėjos. Konfliktas aptariamas ir analizuojamas įvairiuose kontekstuose, tokiuose kaip istorinis, ekonominis ar politinis. Tačiau dabartinė mokslinė bazė stokoja platesnio šio teritorinio ginčo vertinimo, dažnai užmirštant įtraukti socialinio konstrukto, Zainiči korėjiečių, faktorių. Dėl to šiame darbe bandoma patikrinti iškeltą hipotezę, jog Zainiči korėjiečių Japonijoje diskriminacijos lygis priklauso nuo Takešimos/Dokdo salų konflikto eigos. Hipotezei patikrinti buvo atliktas tyrimas, giluminis interviu pagrindu, apklausiant Zainiči korėjiečius. Dėl įvairių priežasčių, tokių kaip tyrimo lauko nepatikimumas, hipotezė nepasitvirtino, neaptikus jokių užuominų apie skirtingą elgesį su Zainiči korėjiečiais ne tik teritorinio ginčo, bet ir bendrame kontekste.

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Kuperman, Renee Louise. "An analysis of rhetorical situation in the context of community mediation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289109.

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This dissertation is a rhetorical study of mediation that theorizes ways in which people can use language to consistently achieve peaceful resolutions of conflicts. In this study, I analyze community mediation at the Our Town Community Mediation Program, which provides free or low cost dispute resolution services. Disputants engage in a conflict defined by a particular rhetorical situation with its own exigence and constraints. The major finding of this study is that once the disputants have entered into a mediation, they become engaged in a second rhetorical situation that is in a dynamic relationship with the first. Thus the mediation experience involves a "rhetorical system" of situations. The primary exigence is defined as the urgency that obliged the unresolved conflict. The primary constraints are those factors that determined the rhetorical discourse. Through interviews with four mediators and a case study of a mock mediation, I identify eleven new constraints in the secondary situation that give presence to a secondary exigence, namely, miscommunication. The secondary situation values conciliatory rhetoric, making a mutually satisfactory resolution possible. In this way, rhetorical situation is itself used as a rhetorical device to elicit a resolution. I begin by arguing that mediation is a rhetorical activity that resembles ideal public discourse as described by Chaim Perelman and Kenneth Burke. Qualities such as on going dialog and situationally specific justice make mediation a useful model for critiquing deliberative democratic discourse. In Chapter Two, I explain that my research methodology serves to acknowledge mediation as a living process. In Chapter Three I explore the rhetorics of mediation taking into account, for example, its unusual use of argument and its transformative goals. In Chapter Four, I analyze the data from my research, redefining concepts such as neutrality, agency, good communication and conflict. And in Chapter Five, I explore the possibility of a wider application for the concept of rhetorical system, concluding that while the discourse of mediation may be too situationally specific to apply whole cloth to other forms of public discourse, the concept of rhetorical system has wide ranging applications.

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Hill, Dawn Marie. "Contextual (setting/situational) Control of Pro/Anti Environmental Behavior." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196064.

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Proenvironmental behavior (PEB) studies have largely taken a person-centered approach under the assumption that behavior is primarily determined by person attributes. Studies measure knowledge, values, environmentalism, attitudes, etc. - all of which apparently reside in the individual and are posited to cause pro/anti-environmental intention. Unfortunately, it has been demonstrated that intention only leads to behavior roughly 30% of the time. One reason this breakdown may exist is that half of the "causal" story is missing, which is how much the context (setting/situation) controls behavior. This study attempted to enhance the empirical literature by relying on an evolutionary foundation focused on an empirical investigation of extant contexts that present to-be-solved adaptive problems and that display affordances and cues to adaptive behavior. Furthermore, this study compares the predictive efficacy of both the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs and new evolutionary and functionalist constructs of life history strategy, environmentalism (conceived more as past behavioral history) and consumerism. This study simultaneously contrast-tested this new evolutionarily and contextually-driven approach with the conventional person-centered approach using the same subjects to empirically determine which approach accounts for the most variance (i.e. a multiple working hypothesis format). The dependent variable presented a closer approximation to real behavior in real-life situations as depicted in written multidimensional vignettes, instead of measuring intention alone in a contextual vacuum. Environmental and non-environmental settings were included, as well as theoretically driven situational dimensions that varied systematically to strategically "cue" specific adaptive problems. This study approach relied on the notion that only when the person by context relationship is studied simultaneously can PEB be better predicted. Results confirmed that settings carried a significant proportion of variance in the collapsed 16 situations tested. The TPB paradigm predicted aggregate behavior; however, it (along with measured specific intentions) did not predict specific behavioral choices in the unique situations. Overall results were mixed but suggested that new lines of research attending to the contexts and social situations in which environmental behavior occurs can provide a better basis for understanding and affecting changes in behavior toward environmental ends, as will be required for achieving long-term environmental sustainability.

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Krylyschin, Marina. "Propositions pour une analyse de discours en situation de réception : textes d'exposition et livres d'or." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H030.

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À partir de l’analyse d’une situation d’énonciation singulière, celle d’un espace d’exposition artistique, nous avons entrepris d’observer et de décrire la prégnance de la connaissance et des représentations dans la réception artistique. Notre objet de recherche comporte plusieurs aspects : le premier concerne la réception de la connaissance artistique (en analysant les discours sources –textes d’exposition – et les traces de leur réception dans les livres d’or); le second cherche à décrire sur le plan linguistique l’expression de l’expérience ou de l’émotion esthétique. La description des discours s’effectue à partir d’un corpus constitué des textes de trois expositions (La fabrique des images et Tarzan ! au musée du quai Branly, Renoir au XXe siècle au Grand Palais) ainsi que de leurs livres d’or. Le cadre d’analyse est celui de l’analyse de discours telle qu’elle se pratique dans les pays francophones, qui associe analyse linguistique du sens et description formelle des énoncés. Toutefois la nature de notre corpus et de notre objet empirique (l’espace d’exposition) nous a amenée à envisager un cadre théorique et méthodologique de l’analyse des discours de la réception artistique davantage orienté vers les notions de perception et de subjectivité. Au travers du concept opératoire de « contexte perçu » nous pourrons analyser les représentations que les scripteurs des livres d’or ont de l’exposition, de l’artiste ou de l’œuvre exposée. Les expériences esthétiques seront observées à l’aune de ces représentations et de la connaissance reçue
From the analysis of a singular enunciation, more precisely that of an artistic exhibition space, we have undertaken to observe and describe the knowledge's and representations' influence in the artistic reception. Our research consists of several aspects: the first one concerns the artistic knowledge's reception (by analyzing the sources speeches -Exhibitions' texts- and the traces of their reception in the “Livres d'or”); the second one looks for in a linguistically speaking, the expression of the experience or the aesthetic emotion. The speeches' description is made from a corpus constituted of three exhibitions' texts (La fabrique des images and Tarzan! at the Quai branly museum, and Renoir au Xxe siècle at the Grand Palais) as well as their “Livres d'or”. The analysis' framework is the speech's analysis as spoken in the French-speaking countries, which associate linguistic's analysis of the line and formal descrption of terms. However the type of our corpus and our empirical object (Exhibition's space) has led us to consider a theoretical and methodological framework of reception's speeches' analysis more oriented toward to the notion of perception and subjectivity. Through the working concept “Contexte perçu”, we will be able to analyse the representations that the “livres d'or” 's writers have of the exhibition, the artist or of the exposed painting. Aesthetic experiences will be observed in accordance with these representations and the received knowledge

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Dworkin, Mark. "Making sense with television news : situation, context, and psychology of the audience experience /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6167.

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Wennström, Sofie. "Perspectives on Conceptual Change : An Exploration of the Intentional Context and the Phenomenographic Situation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-88860.

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Conceptual change is one of the most important influences in modern educational research and this theoretical framework can be used for empirical research aimed at improving our common knowledge about learning as well as developing new theories and practices within the education system. In its very basic meaning, conceptual change can be explained as a person who during the course of the learning experience changes their initial conception of a phenomenon (such as a object or a concept) from one specific point of view to another. The aim of this study is to map out the differences and similarities between two seemingly opposite movements within today’s pedagogical research community. Within phenomenography a constitutionalist approach to learning is used, which means that the conceptions formed by students are considered to be an internal representation of the individual’s interpretation of their own knowledge in relation to their surroundings. The intentional analytical approach suggests that contextualisation is necessary for conceptual change to take place, for the student to be able to interpret the assignment or task at hand and then incorporate that in meaningful activity that will lead to a successful learning process. Both the intentional and the phenomenographic approach agree that it is the meaning of a task that is important in the learning situation, but the differences lie in the ways of distinguishing what this meaning consists of as well as the means of finding out what the meaning is to an individual.
Begreppsutveckling är en av de viktigaste influenserna inom det pedagogiska forskningsområdet. Denna teoretiska inriktning innebär att man genom empirisk forskning studerar lärande och dess kontext. Detta kan sedan bidra till vår kunskap om vad som påverkar lärprocessen samt hur denna skulle kunna användas i utvecklingen av nya didaktiska metoder och verktyg. Begreppsutveckling kan förstås som teorier om hur en individ, genom övning och reflektion ändrar en grundläggande uppfattning om ett fenomen eller objekt från en specifik uppfattning till en annan. I den här litteraturstudien, kommer jag att försöka kartlägga två skilda sätt att anta utmaningen att undersöka hur lärande genom begreppsutveckling kan förstås och tolkas, nämligen fenomenografi och intentionell analys. Fenomenografi är utvecklat med en konstitutionell ansats till lärandet, där man menar att de koncept som individen använder formas genom interna representationer av den egna tolkningen av omgivningen samt hur det egna konceptet relaterar till omgivningen. Intentionell analys å andra sidan menar att begreppsutveckling uppstår när individen kontextualiserar uppgiften genom meningsskapande processer i relation till omgivningen och att detta beskriver lärprocessen. Den gemensamma nämnaren för båda dessa perspektiv är att det är meningsskapandet för individen som är nyckeln till lärandet. Skillnaden mellan dem märks i synen på lärandet i de meningsskapande processerna där man närmar sig betydelsen av denna process som den ter sig för den lärande individen.

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Louw, William Ernest. "Collocation as the determinant of meaning : from context of situation to corpus-derived subtext." Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIL329.

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The use of ‘prompts’ from philosophy that are capable of verifying meaning through collocation within natural language provide us with highly innovative methods of investigation. This technique involves the provision of increasingly strenuous Popperian tests (1) that are born of alterations to normal investigative procedure; (2) an entry point that is entirely shielded from bias because it operates with and through human intuitive opacity to the logic of natural language, (3) thus yielding insights into meaning that cannot be obtained through intuitive methods that have always dominated the discipline. The method begins as a computational alteration to the ways in which lexical collocation has dominated all discussion of the subject. It moves from relexicalisation through semantic prosody and contextual prosodic theory towards the use of co-selected collocates to establish states of affairs. This process prospects what is likely to occur in texts and also deals with emotions. Its plane is syntagmatic. Subtext involves the paradigmatic plane. Its power is the provision of empiricism for the interpretation by collocation of a text that shares the logical form of other texts that cannot be seen by human intuition. This process works by splitting logic from metaphysics in natural language: in breach of a central tenet of the Vienna Circle. A welcome irony is that the Vienna Circle invites this situation through its own maxim: the meaning of a proposition is the method of its verification. As part of this process we can expect falsifications to take place both within linguistic and philosophical theory as well as improvements such as finding the a priori and the nature of what early analytic philosophers called structured variables
L'utilisation des amorces de la philosophie, qui sont en mesure de vérifier le sens par collocation dans le langage naturel, peut fournir des méthodes d'investigation innovantes. Cela implique la mise à disposition de tests popperiens rigoureux :(1) nés de modifications à la procédure d'enquête normale ; (2) sans biais parce qu'ils fonctionnent avec et par l'opacité intuitive humaine à la logique du langage naturel ; (3) donnant un aperçu de sens impossible à obtenir par les méthodes intuitives, qui ont toujours dominé la discipline. Le procédé commence par une modification informatisée de la manière dont la collocation lexicale a dominé toutes les discussions sur le sujet. Il part de la relexicalisation, la prosodie sémantique et la théorie prosodique contextuelle, vers l'utilisation de co-occurrents co-sélectionnés, pour établir des états de choses. Ce processus pressent ce qui est susceptible de se produire dans les textes et traite également des émotions. Son plan est syntagmatique. Le sous-texte implique le plan paradigmatique. Sa puissance est de fournir l'empirisme pour l'interprétation par la collocation d'un texte qui partage la forme logique d'autres textes, qui ne peut être vue d'emblée par l'intuition humaine. Ce processus fonctionne en scindant en deux la logique du langage naturel et la métaphysique, détournant la maxime du Cercle de Vienne : la signification d'une proposition est la méthode de sa vérification. Des falsifications se produiront au sein des théories linguistiques et philosophiques, ainsi que des améliorations telles que la recherche d'a priori et la nature de ce que les philosophes analytiques appelaient les variables structurées

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Zayas, Vivian. "Personality in context : an interpersonal systems perspective /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9091.

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Belkacem, Ilyasse. "Étude de nouvelles techniques d’interaction en situation de mobilité avec des lunettes électroniques pour le domaine de la santé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0111/document.

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Les dispositifs mobiles tels que les smartphones, les montres connectées ou les lunettes électroniques ont révolutionné la façon dont nous interagissons. Les lunettes électroniques nous intéressent, car elles fournissent aux utilisateurs une vision simultanée des mondes physique et numérique. Cependant, l’interaction sur les lunettes électroniques n’est pas bien explorée. L’amélioration de l’interaction sur ce dispositif peut convaincre les utilisateurs à l’utiliser plus dans la vie quotidienne. Le sujet de thèse est focalisé sur l’étude et le développement de nouvelles techniques d'interaction avec les lunettes électroniques. En effet, il n'est pas possible d'interagir aussi finement en mobilité ou en situation d'urgence par rapport à une situation stable telle qu’assis devant un bureau. Notre contexte de travail se situe dans le domaine de la santé et en particulier celui du personnel médical visitant un patient dans un hôpital. Le personnel médical doit pouvoir accéder aux données du patient déjà collectées, obtenir des données physiologiques en temps réel, préparer son diagnostic et communiquer avec ses collègues. Le verrou scientifique pour la thèse ici est de trouver des solutions qui permettent au personnel médical de réaliser ces tâches de façon plus précise et moins contraignante. Le but est de rendre plus efficace le diagnostic et le partage d’informations et de faire d'un dispositif encore non maîtrisé un outil fonctionnel en milieu professionnel de la santé. Dans cette optique, les travaux de cette thèse présentent des contributions théoriques et applicatives. Nous avons tout d’abord répertorié les différents travaux effectués dans le cadre des lunettes électroniques pour le domaine de la santé, tout en indiquant le potentiel, les résultats pertinents et les limites. Nous nous sommes focalisés sur les lunettes électroniques pour afficher et manipuler les dossiers patients. D’un point de vue conceptuel, nous avons proposé un espace de conception à huit dimensions pour identifier les lacunes dans les systèmes existants et aider à la conception de nouveaux systèmes. D’un point de vue applicatif, en interaction en sortie, nous avons introduit une technique appelée K-Fisheye sur une interface à tuiles qui permet de parcourir un grand ensemble de données comme celui présent dans le dossier patient. Nous avons utilisé ensuite l’espace de conception pour porter un système existant sur les lunettes électroniques. Le prototype obtenu s’appelle mCAREglass. En interaction en entrée, nous avons exploré quatre techniques de pointage sur les lunettes électroniques avec la norme ISO 9241-411 pour sélectionner les techniques qui ne sont pas contraignantes pour naviguer dans le dossier patient. Ensuite, nous avons conçu une nouvelle technique d’entrée de texte appelé TEXTile qui permet de saisir du texte sur un tissu interactif communiquant avec les lunettes
Mobile devices such as smartphones, smartwatches or smart glasses have revolutionized how we interact. We are interested in smart glasses because they have the advantage of providing a simultaneous view of both the physical and the digital worlds. However, the interaction for smart glasses is not well explored. More suitable interactions on this device can convince users to use it more in everyday life. The thesis subject is focused on the study and development of new interaction techniques with smart glasses. Indeed, it is not possible to interact so finely in mobility or in an emergency situation compared to a stable situation such as sitting in front of a desktop. The work context is in the health field and in particular a healthcare professional visiting his patient in a hospital. The professional must be able to access the patient's data already collected, obtain physiological data in real time, prepare his diagnosis and communicate with his colleagues. The scientific problem for the thesis here is to find solutions that allow him to perform these tasks in a more precise and less restrictive way. The goal is to make the diagnosis and information sharing more effective and to make a device still uncontrolled a functional system in a professional healthcare environment. In this perspective, the work of this thesis presents theoretical and applicative contributions. We first listed the various work performed in the context of smart glasses for the health field, while indicating potential, relevant results and limitations. We focused on smart glasses to visualize and manipulate patient records. From a conceptual point of view, we have proposed an eight-dimensional design space to identify gaps in existing systems and assist in the design of new systems. From an application point of view, for output interaction, we introduced a technique called K-Fisheye on a tile-based interface that allows the user to browse a large dataset like in the health record. We used the design space to adapt an existing system for the smart glasses. The prototype obtained called mCAREglass. For input interactions, we studied four pointing techniques on smart glasses. We used the ISO 9241-411 standard to select techniques easy to use for exploring the health record. Finally, we designed a new text entry technique called TEXTile by using a new interactive fabric communicating with glasses

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Dow, Angela. "Simulation-based learning in the context and situation that it is applied : a case study." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2011. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15492.

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Hamad, Karmand Abdulla. "Understanding the situation of learner autonomy within the context of higher education in Kurdistan-Iraq." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33927.

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Learner autonomy has been recognised as a desirable educational goal, especially within the domains of adult and higher education. Whereas this has led to a growing body of research addressing learner autonomy across different educational and cultural contexts, there are still contexts, including Kurdistan-Iraq (i.e. the context of this research), which have remained under-researched. On that account, researchers (e.g. Dickinson, 1996; Little, 1999; Palfreyman, 2003; Usuki, 2007) encourage examining learner autonomy within such settings. This research, therefore, was an attempt to understand the realities and complexities of the situation of learner autonomy within a public institution of higher education in Kurdistan-Iraq. To achieve that, this research included students, teachers and senior administrators as participants assuming that these are the major interacting parties that could influence and determine the overall situation of learner autonomy. This study adopted a qualitative case study design within which multiple methods of data collection were used. The data was obtained through classroom observations, focus groups with thirty-four students divided among six groups and interviews with six teachers and five senior administrators. The sample of students, teachers and senior administrators was drawn from five different academic disciplines, namely English, Kurdish, Law, Psychology and Biology across the four distinct existing faculties. The findings generally showed an unsatisfactory situation of learner autonomy within this specific context and there emerged multiple personal, pedagogical, institutional and socio-cultural constraints which altogether seemed to pose serious challenges to the exercise and development of learner autonomy. Apart from that, students turned out to be relatively more autonomous compared to their previous educational experiences and there appeared to be certain behaviours and practices not just among students as a manifestation of their autonomy but also on the part of teachers towards encouraging the sense of autonomy and responsibility among students. However, these autonomous and autonomy-supportive practices and behaviours seemed to be confined to ‘isolated individual efforts’ of some students and teachers which implies that no systematic institutional attempts were present to promote autonomy or at least to create a conducive environment within which autonomy could flourish or be exercised. The findings also indicated that the autonomous behaviours and autonomy-supportive practices appeared to mainly circulate within the non-political form of autonomy which tends to focus on personal learning gains and lack a political dimension which concerns with the need for autonomous capacities to resurge within the social and political life to serve the public good. This seemed to reflect the interpretations and values the participants associated with learner autonomy which were significantly oriented towards the non-political variant of autonomy. This study, therefore, points to the need of further research, particularly action research, aiming at promoting the political understanding of autonomy.

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Turon, David. "L’intersubjectivité dans les communications entraîneur-entraînés dans le football des jeunes de haut niveau : accéder au vécu subjectif en situation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0070.

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Le rôle des entraîneurs pendant le match au sein du football de jeunes de haut niveau fait débat. En effet, au sein de la littérature scientifique, le sens, les procédures et les processus psychologiques sous-jacents, ainsi que l’efficacité des communications des entraîneurs en situation de match ne sont pas clairement analysés dans toute leur richesse. Notre travail questionne l’intersubjectivité au sein des communications entraîneurs joueurs pendant les matchs. Nous avons dégagé les savoirs d’action mis en œuvre par les entraîneurs pour communiquer et transformer la pratique des joueurs. Nous avons étudié deux types de phases de jeu à savoir, les phases de jeu en mouvement de transition et les phases arrêtées, à travers une approche multiméthodes (observations et entretiens) lors d’études de cas. Notre étude est centrée sur une méthode de triangulation de données qui met en avant le vécu subjectif des acteurs. Les résultats montrent que plusieurs niveaux de contexte structurent la subjectivité des acteurs et le processus d’intersubjectivité lors des communications entraîneurs joueurs. Dans ces deux types de phases de jeu, des styles de communications se sont dégagés et nous avons pu déterminer des indicateurs pertinents relevés par les entraîneurs à propos de l’intersubjectivité, ainsi que des récurrences de fonctionnement. Nous avons mis en exergue les processus psychologiques mis en œuvre par les joueurs pour mieux comprendre comment ils perçoivent les consignes et leur sens. Nos résultats catégorisent trois temporalités de construction de l’intersubjectivité au regard des communications entraîneurs joueurs en situation de match de football
The role of coaches during top youth league football games is an issue which is discussed.Indeed, through the scientific literature that we have examined, the sense, the procedures and the underlying psychological processes, as well as the efficiency of coaches ' communications during a game has not been clearly analyzed in all their wealth.Our work questions intersubjectivity within the communications between players and coaches during high-level youth games. We cleared the implemented knowledges of action by the coahes to communicate and improve the players' practice. We have studied two types of game phases, namely the phases when players perform transition moves, and phases when they are not in movement, through an approach multimethods (observations and interviews) during case studies. Our study is centered on data triangulation that highlights the subjective perception of the actors. The results show that several levels of context structure the subjectivity of the actors and intersubjectivity process during communicative exchanges between coaches and players. In these two types of game phases, distinctive communication styles have emerged and we were able to identify relevant indicators reported by coaches regarding intersubjectivity, also we determined réccurences of functioning. We highlighted the players' psychological processes so as to better understand how they perceive instructions and how these make sense to them. Our results categorize three temporalities of construction of intersubjectivity in relation to communications in a football game situation between coaches and players

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Chatchumni, Manaporn. "Post-operative pain management practice : Current situation and challenges within nursing practice in a Thai context." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Hälsa och välfärd, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-31674.

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Patients’ recovery after surgery is one of the most important health processes in planned hospital healthcare and has a direct impact on welfare and welfare systems. Therefore, what nurses do in the immediate postoperative period is of vital importance. This thesis addresses the question of understanding how nurses work in managing post-operative pain by exploring their daily nursing practices and experiences in responding to the patient in pain within a Thai cultural context. The project applied a qualitative methodology where the local culture and its day-to-day practices of pain management were studied by using observations, focus groups, in-depth interviews and a critical incident interview approach with nurses. Informants were recruited at a public hospital in Bangkok in a surgical ward. In all, 100 hours of observations, 39 interviews and 69 descriptions of critical incidents related to nurse’s pain management were gathered. The data analysis followed the principles of qualitative research. The findings showed that, although there is a clearly defined approach to pain management, the response system followed by the nurses to address patients’ pain is complex and includes much lead time between assessing patients’ pain and the nurses responding to the pain. Furthermore, nurses are caught in what is labeled a patient paradigm, where evidence of pain often is double- and triple-checked by scoring and recording signs that are then subject to confirmation by a third party. Underpinning this is a culture of pain management cultivated between the nurses that rests first and foremost on their own experiences and a working/professional culture where nurses offer each other practical help in urgent situations, but seldom discuss event-based strategies together. Nevertheless, when nurses described situations when they were successful in practicing pain management, they considered their own engagement and their availability of time, space and therapeutic options to be important. Keywords: Culture of nursing, Nursing in pain management, Pain assessment, Perception of pain, Pain management, Pain post-operative

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Jaroucheh, Zakwan. "An approach to cross-domain situation-based context management and highly adaptive services in pervasive environments." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2012. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/5348.

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The concept of context-awareness is widely used in mobile and pervasive computing to reduce explicit user input and customization through the increased use of implicit input. It is considered to be the corner stone technique for developing pervasive computing applications that are flexible, adaptable, and capable of acting autonomously on behalf of the user. This requires the applications to take advantage of the context in order to infer the user's objective and relevant environmental features. However, context-awareness introduces various software engineering challenges such as the need to provide developers with middleware infrastructure to acquire the context information available in distributed domains, reasoning about contextual situations that span one or more domains, and providing tools to facilitate building context-aware adaptive services. The separation of concerns is a promising approach in the design of such applications where the core logic is designed and implemented separately from the context handling and adaptation logics. In this respect, the aim of this dissertation is to introduce a unified approach for developing such applications and software infrastructure for efficient context management that together address these software engineering challenges and facilitate the design and implementation tasks associated with such context-aware services. The approach is based around a set of new conceptual foundations, including a context modelling technique that describes context at different levels of abstraction, domain-based context management middleware architecture, cross-domain contextual situation recognition, and a generative mechanism for context-aware service adaptation. Prototype tool has been built as an implementation of the proposed unified approach. Case studies have been done to illustrate and evaluate the approach, in terms of its effectiveness and applicability in real-life application scenarios to provide users with personalized services.

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McCune, Elizabeth Anne. "Who Am I? Well, It Depends: How Frame-of-Reference Imposes Context In Non-Contextualized Personality Inventories." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/725.

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The frame-of-reference (FOR) effect refers to the finding that validities for personality measures can be improved by asking respondents to consider how they behave in a particular context (e.g., "at work"). Recently, Lievens, De Corte, and Schollaert (2008) demonstrated that a FOR serves to reduce within-person inconsistencies in responding, which then improves the reliability and validity of personality measures. Despite this important step forward in FOR research, Lievens et al. note that there is still very little known with regard to how respondents complete non-contextualized personality inventories (i.e., inventories where no FOR is provided). The present studies sought to fill this significant gap in the literature by addressing the question: Do people think of themselves in particular situations or contexts when responding to non-contextualized personality inventories and, if so, what are these contexts? In addition, does the use of context vary by the personality dimension being studied? Two studies were conducted in order to fully address these Research Questions. The first of these studies was a qualitative study which examined the number and types of contexts spontaneously generated by test-takers for non-contextualized personality items. Twenty-eight interviews were conducted with college students who held a variety of life roles (e.g., student, employee, parent, spouse). Interview data demonstrated that participants considered themselves in general, at school, at work, with friends, with family, at home, and in other more specific situations (e.g., driving a car) when responding to non-contextualized inventories. Data for Study 2 were collected from 463 college students using a self-report methodology that asked participants to indicate which FORs they were using in responding to the same non-contextualized inventory used in Study 1. Results indicated significant differences in FOR endorsement across factors, such that participants endorsed the highest number of FORs for agreeableness items and the lowest number of FORs for openness to experience items. In addition, there were significant differences in the use of FORs within factors such that, for example, the "With Family" FOR was used most frequently for agreeableness but the "At School" FOR was used most frequently for openness to experience. Finally, results of Study 2 indicated that while the using more FORs in responding may increase error variances, it does not have a substantial impact on the factor structure of the Big 5. The present studies contribute to the literature by being the first to examine the role that situations play in responding to a non-contextualized inventory, and they do so using both qualitative and quantitative methods. In addition, the present studies represent a person-centric approach to the study of I/O psychology in that they focus on the individual experience as the basis for research.

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Mejia-Castillo, Guillermo. "An exploration into the structure, the original situation, and the historical context of the letter of James." Thesis, Trinity International University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1587195.

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Recognizing the lack of consensus among studies of the letter of James concerning its original situation, this thesis is a study in the circumstances that precipitated the letter of James; it argues that the letter responds in significant measure to the inclination of some pre 70 Diaspora Jews to rebel violently against the Roman Empire. In so doing, it is suggested that the paralleled passages of Jas 1:2-20 and 5:7-11/12 might covertly critique a set of convictions and behaviors of the letter’s audience that configures a “war agenda.” This thesis finds sufficient reasons to read the letter of James as a paralleled literary structure rather than as a linear progression of thought. Reading it thus provides a better control on the exploration of the plausibility of a “war agenda” as the original situation of the letter of James, inasmuch as such exploration can be speculative. Some corroborating evidence for the plausibility of the “war agenda” is provided in the form of identifying a highly volatile political environment in mid-first-century Palestine with important implications and reverberations in the Jewish Diaspora. Such evidence is correlated with the letter of James.

The letter of James can be seen thus as an authoritative exhortation embedded in the thought-world of the Old Testament as interpreted according to the teachings of Jesus. It is argued that such exhortation was addressed to the Jews in the Diaspora, irrespective of whether they were Christians, and that its author was James, the brother of Jesus and a Christian Jew. This James emerges then as a recognized leader in the nascent Christian movement, with influence among his Jewish brethren in Palestine and in the Diaspora, at a time when there was no clear discontinuity between Christianity and Judaism. Such reading seems to account for some of the clear, and at times problematic, traits identified by other studies in the letter of James, including the seemingly meager Christology, a strong Jewish ideological background, a reflection of the thought-world of Jesus, and the social concern for the marginalized.

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Kim, Youngeun. "Perceptions of a rape situation in South Korean context an examination of the role of relationship and forcefulness /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.088-0132.

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23

Delorme, Vera. "Construction et utilisation des contextes dans les interactions en classe de langue." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030168.

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La présente recherche porte sur les contextes construits dans les interactions verbales en classe de langue. Ces contextes sont envisagés comme des représentations de la situation mises en discours. Nous proposons une typologie des contextes construits que nous formulons à partir de la notion de « monde discursif ». L’analyse de transcriptions d’enregistrements de cours nous permet de distinguer un ensemble des moyens discursifs que les locuteurs mettent en oeuvre dans la production de tel ou tel type de contexte. En outre, à travers l’analyse des interactions verbales nous mettons en lumière le caractère dynamique de ces constructions discursives. Sur le plan didactique, nous nous intéressons à l’usage des contextes dans l’action réalisée en classe. Dans cette perspective, notre étude est focalisée sur la manière dont les contextes construits par les participants sont intégrés dans la transmission des connaissances, dans la sollicitation professorale et les réponses d’apprenants, ou encore dans l’évaluation. En outre, en nous basant sur l’analyse des commentaires professoraux sur les pratiques d’enseignement, nous formulons quelques réflexions sur la place des contextes – en tant qu’outils didactiques – dans la « cognition professorale ». L’objectif principal de la recherche est la mise en lumière de différentes facettes de l’objet d’étude dans une perspective discursive [approche interactionnelle] et didactique. Notre réflexion théorique s’appuie principalement sur les apports de la pragmatique, de la linguistique interactionnelle, de la microsociologie et de l’analyse du discours
This research looks at the contexts that are produced in language classroom interactions. These contexts are here considered as verbalized representations of the situation. Typology of such contexts is proposed and founded on the notion of "discourse world." The analysis of transcripts of lesson recordings distinguishes a set of verbal means that speakers use while producing a particular type of context. In addition, the analysis of verbal interactions shows the dynamic nature of these constructions. The uses of contexts in the classroom practice are explored from an educational point of view. In this perspective, this study focuses on how the contexts produced by participants are included in the transmission of knowledge, in teacher solicitations and learners answers, or in the teacher’s feedback. Moreover, the analysis of teacher comments on teaching practices allows a reflection on the role of contexts as teaching tools in the "teacher cognition". The main purpose of the research is to outline different features of this object from interactional and educational perspectives. The study also includes theoretical considerations developed with reference to pragmatics, interactional linguistics, microsociology and discourse analysis

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Fleischmann, Ana Marilza Pernas. "Sensibilidade à situação em sistemas educacionais na web." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/56845.

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Adaptação e sensibilidade ao contexto andam juntos em diferentes tipos de aplicações. A sensibilidade ao contexto não necessariamente implica em adaptação, mas para que um sistema sensível ao contexto possa guiar uma adaptação efetiva, precisa acompanhar a ocorrência de determinados eventos no sistema e reagir de forma adequada a estes eventos. Este caráter adaptativo tem sido buscado em sistemas Web, de forma a se comportarem de maneira personalizada em atendimento às necessidades particulares do usuário. Dentre uma diversidade de sistemas Web que se propõem a apresentar como diferencial caráter sensível ao contexto do usuário, este trabalho estuda um domínio de aplicação específico: os sistemas de educação adaptativos baseados na Web. Este domínio se mostra crítico, pois necessita ser personalizado tendo em vista um usuário não comum e com uma série de particularidades que devem ser levadas em conta: o aluno. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar uma solução para o problema da adaptação de ações sensíveis às situações vivenciadas por alunos em um sistema de educação adaptativo baseado na Web. Este problema engloba diversas questões que são atualmente foco de pesquisa em áreas relacionadas à sensibilidade ao contexto, entre elas: (i) as formas de obtenção dos dados relativos ao contexto do aluno; (ii) a análise dos diferentes grupos e modelos de contexto que descrevem a situação em si, vivenciada pelo aluno no momento atual; (iii) as formas de avaliação e relacionamento dos dados de contexto do aluno, de forma a permitir inferência de sua situação atual. Para este fim, foi desenvolvida uma solução capaz de auxiliar o funcionamento de sistemas de educação adaptativos, de forma a apresentarem caráter reativo à situação vivenciada pelo aluno. A solução desenvolvida consiste de um módulo de sensibilidade à situação, construído com o objetivo de analisar as diversas particularidades existentes no cotidiano atual do aluno, se mantendo útil a ele independentemente do seu local atual, do dispositivo computacional utilizado e da tarefa em curso, respeitando as características individuais do aluno. De acordo com a situação detectada, ações de adaptação são fornecidas à mídia adaptativa, com intuito de prover uma experiência educacional voltada às necessidades reais do aluno. Ao final, o funcionamento da solução proposta foi simulado em conjunto a um ambiente de ensino real, de forma a verificar sua aplicabilidade prática.
Adaptation and context awareness walk together in different kinds of applications. Context awareness doesn’t imply necessarily in adaptation, but an adaptive system in order to guide an effective adaptation need to be aware about the occurrence of specific events and properly react to them. This adaptive character has been looked in web systems, in order to behave in a personalized way in attending the particular needs of the user. Among a variety of web systems that propose to present a context aware character, this work presents a case study in a specific application domain: web-based adaptive educational systems. This area is critical because the system needs to be customized in order to attend a not common user, with a variety of particularities that should be taken into account: the student. The main objective of this work is to present a solution to the problem of adaptation of situation-aware actions lived by students in a web-based adaptive educational system. This problem involves several issues that are currently focus of research in areas related with context-awareness, like: (i) the ways of obtaining student’s context data, which often lead to uncertain and ambiguous analysis (ii) the analysis of different groups and context models that describe the situation itself, experienced by the student at the present time, (iii) the ways of evaluating and correlating student’s context data, to allow the inference of their current situation. To this end, we developed a solution capable to assist the functioning of adaptive educational systems; in order to present a reactive character to the situations lived by the student. The solution consists on situation-aware module which aiming at evaluating the several particularities of the student’s actual routine to remain useful to him, regardless of his current location, the computing device used, day of week and the ongoing task, respecting the individual characteristics of the student. According to the detected situation, adaptive actions are presented to the adaptive hypermedia, aiming at providing a better educational experience to the student. At the end of this work, the solution developed is tested with a real e-learning environment to verify its practical appliance.

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Closs, Lucas. "SAC : Situation-Aware Care : “um modelo de monitoramento de pacientes utilizando ciência de situação”." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6306.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Os constantes avanços na computação móvel e ubíqua possibilitam novos desenvolvimentos e novos recursos em diversas áreas, dentre estas, destaca-se a área da saúde. A partir destas novas possibilidades, surge então o conceito de Cuidados Ubíquos, onde são aplicados estes novos recursos com o intuito de prover melhores condições para médicos e equipes médicas no tratamento de pacientes. Utilizando então como referência o conceito de cuidados ubíquos, o presente trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem para o monitoramento de pacientes através do uso da ciência de situação, apoiada pelo uso da Lógica Difusa, das Redes Neurais Artificiais e das Séries Temporais de Dados, dispondo com também com os dados dos pacientes coletados através dos dispositivos móveis e dos vestíveis. O modelo SAC – Situation-Aware Care objetiva então a aplicação das três fases da ciência de situação – percepção, compreensão e projeção – utilizando os dados coletados como entradas para as inferências. Visando prover uma solução que auxilie médicos e equipes médicas em diagnósticos – e em prognósticos – mais assertivos, através do monitoramento e da disponibilização de registros e de informações mais apuradas quanto ao estado de saúde dos pacientes. Para a avaliação do modelo, foram então desenvolvidos protótipos referentes aos Serviços SAC e a aplicação SAC4Mobile. O modelo SAC teve a sua avaliação em relação ao seu desempenho dos serviços e também através de caso de uso estendido, aferindo sobre a usabilidade. Avaliações por desempenho apresentaram bons indicadores de tempos de respostas e de recursos computacionais, onde que tempo médio mais elevado para o retorno de todas as requisições, 100 requisições simultâneas, foi de 5,5 segundos e o consumo de recursos computacionais não ultrapassou 18%. Assim como a avaliação sobre usabilidade teve resultados positivos, enaltecendo a relevância da proposta do modelo SAC.
The constant advances in mobile and ubiquitous computing enable new developments and new features in different areas, among thesethe health area stands out. From these new possibilities comes the concept of Ubiquitous Care, where these new resources are applied in order to provide better conditions for doctors and medical staff in the treatment of patients. Using the concept of ubiquitous care as a reference, the present work presents a new approach for monitoring patients through the use of Situation Awareness, supported by the use of Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Neural Networks and Time Series, also with patient data collected through mobile devices and wearable devices. The SAC - Situation-Aware Care model aims to apply the three phases of situation awareness - perception, comprehension and projection - using the data collected as inputs to the inferences. Aiming to provide a solution that assists physicians and medical teams in diagnostics - and prognoses - more assertive, through the monitoring and availability of records and more accurate information regarding the patient's health status.For the evaluation of the model, prototypes were developed for the SAC Services and the SAC4Mobile application. The SAC model had its evaluation in relation to its service performance and also through an extended use case, assessing the usability. Performance evaluations presented good indicators of response times and computational resources, where the highest time for the return of all the requests, 100 simultaneous requests, was 5.5 seconds and the consumption of computational resources did not exceed 18%. As well as the assessment of usability had positive results highlighting the relevance of the SAC model proposal.

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Lopes, Mariú Moreira Madureira. "A diversidade de versões do livro sagrado no jogo das vozes em interação." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2011. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2336.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:47:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariu Moreira Madureira Lopes.pdf: 15346391 bytes, checksum: 9593e601fd9064aa19b95d048ada147f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-22
Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Sacred books are different from other books because they are considered texts of divine authorship and because they guard in their content a historical and transhistorical message (RIES, 2008). Such characteristics circumscribe these writings in a distinct context of the language use and bring implications in relation to the translation practice. In the case of the Bible, the Christians, who enshrine it accept it as divine Word and hope that its message is preserved, and nothing in it is changed. In this sense, translations may or may not cater to the expectations of the target public, being subjected to what Simms (1997) calls for sensibility. Along this line, this thesis aims to evaluate the sensibility in the translation of the sacred book as a practice that reveals the group of voices in the interaction and discuss as the relations between the interaction and the sensibility, genre and translation may signal the existence of a distinct discursive mode, whose nuances can be derived interlacement among language and context. Thus, based on the functionalist theory (HALLIDAY, 1978; 2004; HALLIDAY; HASAN, 1989; DIK, 1997; EGGINS, 2004), a comparative study of linguistic and discursive aspects in textual sequences of the New Testament was done, from following Biblical Portuguese versions used by Catholics and Protestants: Versão Almeida revista e atualizada (1993, ARA); Bíblia de Jerusalém (2002, BJ); Tradução ecumênica (1994, TEB); Nova versão internacional (2001, NVI); Edição pastoral (1990, EP); Nova tradução na linguagem de hoje (2000, NTLH). Besides this, a questionnaire was prepared with questions whose aim was to analyze receptors expectations about Biblical translation. With this research, it was observed that the various biblical versions have distinct functions in different contexts and cater to the expectations of the target public in for use in particular situations.
Livros sagrados se distinguem de quaisquer outros escritos por serem considerados textos de autoria divina, e por resguardarem em seu conteúdo uma mensagem de caráter histórico e trans-histórico (RIES, 2008). Tais características circunscrevem esses escritos em um contexto distinto de uso da linguagem e trazem implicações quanto à prática da tradução. No caso da Bíblia, os cristãos que a reverenciam aceitam-na como palavra divina e esperam que sua mensagem seja preservada, e nada nela seja alterado. Nesse sentido, traduções podem ou não atender às expectativas do público a que são destinadas, sujeitando-se ao que Simms (1997)chama de sensibilidade. Nessa linha, o objetivo desta tese é avaliar a sensibilidade na tradução do livro sagrado como uma prática que traduz o jogo de vozes existentes na interação, bem como discutir em que medida as relações entre a interação e os elementos sensibilidade, gênero e tradução, no contexto da tradução bíblica, podem sinalizar a existência de um modo de construção discursiva distinto, cujas nuanças podem ser derivadas do entrelaçamento entre linguagem e contexto. Dessa forma, com base na teoria funcionalista (HALLIDAY, 1978; 2004; HALLIDAY; HASAN, 1989; DIK, 1997; EGGINS, 2004), fez-se um estudo comparativo de aspectos linguístico-discursivos em sequências tipológicas do Novo Testamento a partir das seguintes versões bíblicas portuguesas usadas por católicos e protestantes: Versão Almeida revista e atualizada (1993, ARA); Bíblia de Jerusalém (2002, BJ); Tradução ecumênica (1994, TEB); Nova versão internacional (2001, NVI); Edição pastoral (1990, EP); Nova tradução na linguagem de hoje (2000, NTLH). Além disso, também se elaborou um questionário cujas perguntas tornaram possível avaliar expectativas do receptor referentes à tradução. Com esta pesquisa, verificou-se que as diversas versões bíblicas exercem funções distintas em diferentes contextos e atendem às necessidades do público receptor em situações específicas de uso.

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Kukhun, Dana Al. "Steps towards adaptive situation and context-aware access : a contribution to the extension of access control mechanisms within pervasive information systems." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1695/.

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L'évolution des systèmes pervasives a ouvert de nouveaux horizons aux systèmes d'information classiques qui ont intégré des nouvelles technologies et des services qui assurent la transparence d'accès aux resources d'information à n'importe quand, n'importe où et n'importe comment. En même temps, cette évolution a relevé des nouveaux défis à la sécurité de données et à la modélisation du contrôle d'accès. Afin de confronter ces challenges, differents travaux de recherche se sont dirigés vers l'extension des modèles de contrôles d'accès (en particulier le modèle RBAC) afin de prendre en compte la sensibilité au contexte dans le processus de prise de décision. Mais la liaison d'une décision d'accès aux contraintes contextuelles dynamiques d'un utilisateur mobile va non seulement ajouter plus de complexité au processus de prise de décision mais pourra aussi augmenter les possibilités de refus d'accès. Sachant que l'accessibilité est un élément clé dans les systèmes pervasifs et prenant en compte l'importance d'assurer l'accéssibilité en situations du temps réel, nombreux travaux de recherche ont proposé d'appliquer des mécanismes flexibles de contrôle d'accès avec des solutions parfois extrêmes qui depassent les frontières de sécurité telle que l'option de "Bris-de-Glace". Dans cette thèse, nous introduisons une solution modérée qui se positionne entre la rigidité des modèles de contrôle d'accès et la flexibilité qui expose des risques appliquées pendant des situations du temps réel. Notre contribution comprend deux volets : au niveau de conception, nous proposons PS-RBAC - un modèle RBAC sensible au contexte et à la situation. Le modèle réalise des attributions des permissions adaptatives et de solution de rechange à base de prise de décision basée sur la similarité face à une situation importante. À la phase d'exécution, nous introduisons PSQRS - un système de réécriture des requêtes sensible au contexte et à la situation et qui confronte les refus d'accès en reformulant la requête XACML de l'utilisateur et en lui proposant une liste des resources alternatives similaires qu'il peut accéder. L'objectif est de fournir un niveau de sécurité adaptative qui répond aux besoins de l'utilisateur tout en prenant en compte son rôle, ses contraintes contextuelles (localisation, réseau, dispositif, etc. ) et sa situation. Notre proposition a été validé dans trois domaines d'application qui sont riches des contextes pervasifs et des scénarii du temps réel: (i) les Équipes Mobiles Gériatriques, (ii) les systèmes avioniques et (iii) les systèmes de vidéo surveillance
The evolution of pervasive computing has opened new horizons to classical information systems by integrating new technologies and services that enable seamless access to information sources at anytime, anyhow and anywhere. Meanwhile this evolution has opened new threats to information security and new challenges to access control modeling. In order to meet these challenges, many research works went towards extending traditional access control models (especially the RBAC model) in order to add context awareness within the decision-making process. Meanwhile, tying access decisions to the dynamic contextual constraints of mobile users would not only add more complexity to decision-making but could also increase the possibilities of access denial. Knowing that accessibility is a key feature for pervasive systems and taking into account the importance of providing access within real-time situations, many research works have proposed applying flexible access control mechanisms with sometimes extreme solutions that depass security boundaries such as the Break-Glass option. In this thesis, we introduce a moderate solution that stands between the rigidity of access control models and the riskful flexibility applied during real-time situations. Our contribution is twofold: on the design phase, we propose PS-RBAC - a Pervasive Situation-aware RBAC model that realizes adaptive permission assignments and alternative-based decision-making based on similarity when facing an important situation. On the implementation phase, we introduce PSQRS - a Pervasive Situation-aware Query Rewriting System architecture that confronts access denials by reformulating the user's XACML access request and proposing to him a list of alternative similar solutions that he can access. The objective is to provide a level of adaptive security that would meet the user needs while taking into consideration his role, contextual constraints (location, network, device, etc. ) and his situation. Our proposal has been validated in three application domains that are rich in pervasive contexts and real-time scenarios: (i) Mobile Geriatric Teams, (ii) Avionic Systems and (iii) Video Surveillance Systems

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Flückiger, Markus. "Geschenk oder Bestechung? Bestechung im afrikanischen Kontext unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Situation unter den Bayaka = Gift or bribe? : Bribery in the African context focusing on the situation among the tribe of the Bayaka /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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Bhusal, Dharma Raj. "Economic Crime : Law and Legal Practice in the context of Nepal." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200901495.

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The doctoral thesis is dealing with the phenomenon of economic crime in the context of Nepal, i.e. a developing country situated between two big emerging States, China and India. The study starts by explaining objectives and methods of the work, then it gives a short overview about the actual social, economic and political situation of Nepal. Chapter 3 concentrates on the definitions of "economic crime" and describes seven different types, starting with corruption and ending with money laundering. The explanation of these various types is completed by sketching the relevant working agencies the task of which is to fight against specific crimes. In the next chapter, the author at first shows the structure of the Nepali legal order and organisation, before he is looking at various laws/acts relating to economic crime. At the end of chapter 4, he is trying to compare those laws and to assess their stringency and efficiency. Chapter 5 deals more detailledly with relevant working agencies and is structured similar to the previous one, i.e. it explains the organisation, task and powers of each agency as well as their cooperation and, at the end, it tries to assess common features, parallels as well as divergencies between them. Chapter 6 is based upon field studies of the author. On the one hand, it shows the results from questionnaires which were handed out to a lot of persons in Nepal and which might give a rather broad impression about various aspects of economic crime in this country. On the other hand, a very prominent case (Governor and Director of Nepal Rastra Bank) is looked at more intensively, and the author has scanned important original documents in order to give a clear account of its main features. At last, by summing up theoretical, normative and empirical components the author has been caused to deliver some proposals of his own for remedies relating to economic crime, in particular concerning improvements of control mechanisms and establishing a single working agency with different departments for the fight against economic crime
Die rechtswissenschaftliche Dissertation befasst sich mit dem Phänomen von "economic crime" (Wirtschaftsstraftaten) im Kontext Nepals, d.h. eines Entwicklungslandes, das zwischen zwei großen Schwellenländern, China und Indien, gelegen ist. Die Untersuchung beginnt mit einer Erläuterung von Zielen und Methoden der Arbeit und gibt dann einen kurzen Überblick über die gegenwärtige gesellschaftliche, wirtschaftliche und politische Lage Nepals. Kap. 3 widmet sich den Definitionen von "economic crime" und beschreibt sieben unterschiedliche Typen, von Korruption bis Geldwäsche. Die Darstellung dieser verschiedenen Typen wird ergäzt durch einen Blick auf die zuständigen staatlichen Stellen, die mit dem Kampf gegen "economic crime" befasst sind. Im nächsten Kapitel zeigt der Verfasser zunächst die Struktur der Rechtsordnung und Staatsorganisation Nepals auf, bevor er sich zahlreichen Rechtsvorschriften bezüglich "economic crime" zuwendet. Am Schluss des 4. Kapitels ist er bestrebt, diese Vorschriften zu vergleichen und ihre Stringenz und Effizienz zu würdigen. Kap. 5 befasst sich ausführlicher mit den zuständigen (Verwaltungs-) Stellen und ist ähnlich aufgebaut wie das vorherige, d.h. es erläutert Aufbau, Aufgabe und Befugnisse jeder Stelle sowie deren Zusammenarbeit und versucht schließlich, Gemeinsamkeiten, Parallelen und Unterschiede zu verdeutlichen. Kap. 6 stützt sich auf Feldstudien des Verfassers. Einerseits zeigt es die Ergebnisse einer Erhebung per Fragebogen auf, den eine Vielzahl von Personen in Nepal erhielten und ausfüllten und durch den wichtige Eindrücke über verschiedene Aspekte von "economic crime" in diesem Land vermittelt werden. Andererseits wird ein überaus prominenter Fall (Gouverneur und Direktor der Nepal Rastra Bank) eigehender erörtert und der Verfasser gibt im Text wichtige Originaldokumente wieder, um die wesentlichen Züge dieses Vorfalls deutlich zu machen. Abschließend stützt sich der Verfasser auf theoretische, normative und empirische Erkenntnisse zur Unterbreitung eigener Vorschläge für Maßnahmen ("remedies") gegen "economic crime", vor allem im Hinblick auf eine Verbesserung der Überwachung und des Vollzugs sowie der Errichtung einer einzigen zuständigen Behörde mit mehreren Abteilungen zum Kampf gegen Wirtschaftsstraftaten

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Crawley, James Anthony. "How can a deeper understanding of the professional situation of LLS teacher educators enhance their future support, professional development and working context?" Thesis, Bath Spa University, 2014. http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/5029/.

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This research explored the professional situation of teacher educators in the Lifelong Learning Sector (LLS), and how a deeper understanding of their professional situation could enhance their future support, professional development and working context. The research followed a mixed methods methodology, and six research phases took place including focus groups, a literature review, and an evaluation of a CPD programme. The largest online survey of this particular group to date was also carried out and 161 teacher educators participated in that survey. The results of the research provided rich insights into their values, experiences, particularly challenging working context and support needs. The knowledge resulting from the research included recognition of the multiplicity and complexity of the role and how LLS teacher educators manage it. The multiplicity and complexity was characterised as the ‘more than a teacher’ quality, and teacher education professionals as ‘triple professionals’ or ‘multiple professionals’. The research developed a new model of professionalism, the ‘connected professional’, and embedded this in the theoretical framework for teacher education entitled ‘The Teacher Education Professional as Connecting Professional (TEPACP)’ framework. Recommendations arising from the findings include adopting the model of the Connected Professional and TEPACP theoretical framework proposed by the evidence from the research together with action to assist LLS Teacher Educators to progress towards a more confident professional identity. The research significantly extends the understanding of the characteristics and beliefs of this under-researched professional community.

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Ogenstad, Birgitta, and Stephanie Sevinc. "Familjens förlängda arm : - En kvalitativ studie om hur unga mäns situation inom hederskontexten kan se ut." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-102730.

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The aim of this study has been to highlight the situation for young men within the context of honour. The aim has also been to highlight the restrictions of young men within the context of honour, and how they rebel against those demands. The study was based on a qualitative research method and carried out in Sweden. The results have been analyzed using the hermeneutic perspective. The results showed that the situation for young men within the context of honour is often manifested by controlling their sisters and the expectation that the young men support their families in the future by marring a woman who has been approved by the collective. The young men are restricted because they are not free to dispose of their spare time themselves, cannot choose their future partner or socialize with people from other cultures. The young men can rebel against these restrictions by negotiating with those in authority within the family, by gaining support within or outside the context or by breaking away from it. The conclusion of the study was that by highlighting the situation for young men within the context of honour you gain understanding for the context as a whole.

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32

Gamsby, Christopher William. "Heuristics in the Context of Long-Form Short-Story Reading." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1543933054511687.

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33

Prim, Mia. "Ready meals from the consumers perspective : attitudes, beliefs, contexts and appropriateness /." Doctoral thesis, Örebro : Örebro university : Universitetsbiblioteket, 2007. http://www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument?urn_nbn_se_oru_diva-1520-3__fulltext.pdf.

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34

Bassah, Nahyeni. "Education that makes a difference to palliative and end of life care at the bedside in a resource-poor context : the situation of Cameroon." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33147/.

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Background: Current demographic trends giving rise to an ageing population worldwide, and changes in disease patterns, are increasing demands for palliative and end of life care. Nurses play a fundamental role in the care of patients with chronic and life-threatening illnesses, making it critical that nurses entering the profession should be competent and confident to provide palliative care. However, some preregistration nursing curricula, particularly those in resource-poor settings, do not include any palliative care content. Existing research identifies a lack of palliative care competencies among practising nurses, both newly graduated and student nurses. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop, pilot and evaluate the impact of a palliative care course on Cameroonian preregistration nursing students’ palliative care knowledge and self-perceived competence and confidence in palliative care provision, using Kirkpatrick’s (1967) framework for training programme evaluation. Design: This study is situated within the World Health Organisation’s public health model for palliative care as an overarching theoretical framework. It employed a longitudinal quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. It was conducted in 3 phases. In the first phase, a 30 hours classroom based palliative care course, underpinned by experiential learning theory, was developed. In the second phase, the course was delivered to second and third year nursing students in one University in Cameroon, by nurse educators, a chaplain and palliative care trained nurses in Cameroon. In the third phase, an evaluation of the impact of the course on students’ palliative care knowledge, self-perceived competence and confidence in palliative care, and transfer of learning to practice was conducted. Course evaluation data was collected via a pretest/posttest survey, 3 focus groups and 10 individual critical incident interviews. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data. The qualitative data was analysed thematically using the framework approach. Findings: This study revealed a deficiency in the palliative care content of the pilot University’s preregistration nurse training curriculum, and very poor palliative care knowledge and self-perceived competence and confidence in palliative care provision, among preregistration nursing students of this University. A 30 hour classroom based palliative care course, delivered by nurse educators, palliative care nurses and a chaplain in Cameroon was found to statistically significantly improve students’ overall palliative care knowledge. In this study students’ also had improvements in their self-perceived competence and confidence in palliative care provision, though this was not statistically significant. Student nurses in receipt of palliative care education were able to transfer their learning to practice. They reported recognizing patients with palliative care needs, providing patients with physical, psychosocial and spiritual support and communicating patient information to the wider care team. Notwithstanding this positive finding, some factors, related to the student themselves, the qualified nurses, the practice setting or the patient and family, were found to negatively impact on the learning transfer process. The students generally felt that the course was an ‘eye opener’ and met with their expectations. They perceived the major strength of the course was the use of interactive and stimulating educational strategies, but felt that the absence of a supervised clinical practice component with dying patients was a major weakness of this course. Conclusion: There is a need for a curriculum revision to include palliative care content in the preregistration nurse training curricula of the pilot University. This seems to reflect a general need by all preregistration nursing students in this country. This study’s findings reveal the need to advocate for palliative care education and practice policies, and for adequately preparing clinical placement sites for nursing students’ palliative care learning and transfer of learning in Cameroon, and possibly other resource poor settings.

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Hoyer, Stephan W. "Prädiktiver Wert sensorischer Laboruntersuchungen für den Getränkekonsum älterer Menschen unter Alltagsbedingungen." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2003. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/117/.

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Zur Ermittlung der Akzeptanz und ihres prädiktiven Wertes für den Verzehr von Lebensmitteln bzw. Getränken, sind Beliebtheitsprüfungen mit Konsumenten unter standardisierten Bedingungen im Sensoriklabor üblich. Die prädiktive Aussagekraft dieser Laboruntersuchungen wird jedoch durch folgende Aspekte eingeschränkt:
(1) Der situative Kontext wird ausgeschaltet, d.h. die Verzehrssituation, in der ein Produkt üblicherweise konsumiert wird, ist im Labor bewusst eliminiert und das zu bewertende Produkt wird nicht in einer kompletten Mahlzeit dargeboten
(2) Der Produktkontakt im Labor ist im Gegensatz zu der anhaltenden Konfrontation unter alltäglichen Bedingungen nur kurzfristig, was Langzeitaussagen bzw. Dauerpräferenzen nicht zuläßt;
(3) Im Labortest ist die freie Auswahl auf eine geringe Anzahl angebotener Produkte beschränkt.

In dieser Arbeit soll daher die Frage beantwortet werden, welchen prädiktiven Wert sensorische Beliebtheitsuntersuchungen im Labor für Lebensmittelakzeptanz und -verzehr unter Alltagssituationen haben. Dies wird für verschiedene Altersgruppen gezeigt, die frei in ihrer Entscheidungsfindung sind. Dazu gaben 56 Studenten (23,1±3,7 Jahre) und zwei Seniorengruppen, zum einen aus einer Begegnungsstätte (20 Probanden; 75,6±8,1 Jahre) und zum anderen aus dem betreuten Wohnen (14 Probanden; 76,1±12,5 Jahre), in einer ersten Laboruntersuchung Beliebtheitsbewertungen (Akzeptanz und Rangordnungsprüfung) zu 6 Erfrischungsgetränken ab. Anschließend folgte ein mindestens vierwöchiger Zeitraum, in denen die Probanden aus einem speziell für die Studie konzipierten Automaten Getränke in Einrichtungen der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung entnehmen konnten. Die Entnahme war via Chipkarte ad libitum möglich. Computergestützt wurden dabei individuelle Getränkewahl, Menge und Entnahmezeit aufgezeichnet. Unmittelbar nach der Automatenphase wurde eine erneute Laboruntersuchung durchgeführt. In allen Untersuchungsphasen wurden dieselben Erfrischungsgetränke aus Konzentrat, variiert in Apfel- oder Orangensaftgeschmack, ohne oder mit Zusatz von Zucker (20g/l) und Kohlensäure (4 g/l CO2), angeboten. Eine Quntitativ Deskriptive Analyse bestätigte unterschiedliche Profile bei den Produkten, so dass von sensorisch wahrnehmbaren Unterschieden zwischen den Produkten ausgegangen werden konnte. Die Probanden bekamen zu keiner Zeit Informationen über die exakte Zusammensetzung der Getränke. Sowohl in der Laborbewertung als auch nach Getränkekonsum via Automat, fanden sich unterschiede zwischen den Altersgruppen.

In der Akzeptanzprüfung bewerteten Studenten die Apfelvarianten besser als die Orangenvarianten.
Senioren, die insgesamt höhere Akzeptanzwerte vergaben, bewerteten alle Getränke in fast allen Attributen gleichermaßen gut. Nach der 4-wöchigen Automatenphase hatte sich die Akzeptanz der sechs Getränke nicht wesentlich geändert.
Auch in beiden Rangordnungsprüfungen waren bei den Studenten „Apfel“ und „Apfel mit Kohlensäure“ auf den ersten Plätzen, „Orange mit Zuckerzusatz“ auf dem letzten Platz. Nach Adjustierung auf die individuelle Trinkmenge (in Wenig-, Mittel- Vieltrinker) und wurde „Apfel mit Kohlensäure“ in der Automatenphase von den Studenten am meisten getrunken. In der Vieltrinkergruppe wurde „Orange mit Zuckerzusatz“ deutlich vernachlässigt. Der Automatenkonsum der Studenten bestätigte damit im Wesentlichen die Ergebnisse der Beliebtheitsprüfung im Labor.
Bei den Senioren waren in der Rangordnungsprüfung, die eine Lieblingsreihenfolge erzwang, alle süßeren Getränke (mit Zuckerzusatz) auf den ersten Plätzen. In der Automatenphase wurden jedoch viele Getränke ohne Zuckerzusatz bevorzugt. Dies zeigte sich sowohl in der individuellen Präferenz, als auch im Gesamtkonsum. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse kann der prädiktive Wert von Laboruntersuchungen mit Senioren in Bezug auf die Auswahl und den Konsum unter alltäglichen Bedingungen als gering beurteilt werden. Die Getränke mit der individuell höchsten Laborpräferenz wurden unter Alltagsumgebung in der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung in deutlich geringeren Umfang als erwartet verzehrt. In der Vergleichsgruppe der Studenten ist die Übereinstimmung größer(p<0,05).

In Häufigkeitsfragebögen vor und nach der Automatenphase wurde das Trinkverhalten speziell von kohlensäurehaltigen Getränken erfragt. Der Anteil von kohlensäurehaltigen Getränken ist sehr variabel, und kann tagesabhängig von einem geringen bis zum Hauptanteil ausmachen. Senioren tranken von den Automatengetränken weniger kohlensäurehaltige Getränke als Studenten(p<0,001). Trotzdem zeigte nur eine Minderheit einen völligen Verzicht, wie sich durch Fragebogen und auch Automatenkonsum ermitteln ließ.

Die Verwendung eines computergestützten Getränkeautomaten bietet eine neue Möglichkeit, die Langzeitpräferenz und den tatsächlichen Konsum unter gewohnten Alltagsbedingungen und bei freier Produktauswahl zu ermitteln. Selbst bei Altersgruppen, die mit Laboruntersuchungen überfordert sind, können Vorlieben untersucht werden.
Background: For predicting consumption of food products consumer acceptance is usually measured by using hedonic scales in the sensory lab. However, the predictive value of such results is limited by different facts: (1) the real life context is missing, e.g. the tested product is not integrated into a meal, (2) only short confrontation with the product in lab in contrast to long-term exposure in the real life. Therefore, methods are needed which give a more reliable estimate of long-term preference and consumption.

Objective: To develop and to validate an automatic device to estimate the long-term acceptance of beverages in young and elderly people.

Methods: A new computerized vending machine was designed and established. The device is able to deliver 6 different types of beverages and can be placed in any public room. Study participants, after identifying themselves by a chip card, are free to select any quality and quantity of the offered beverages. The individual consumption data is registered. For comparing these consumption data with hedonic lab measurements a total of 56 students (mean age 23,1) and 34 seniors (mean age 76.1) were recruited for a 3-step experiment. In the first step they visited the sensory lab and rated on a 7 point hedonic scale and afterwards ranked 2 orange and 4 apple juices modified in their sugar and carbon dioxide content. In the second step the computerized vending machine was placed in a location, where the subjects usually eat, i.e. a university canteen or senior club or an assisted living home for seniors. Subjects were offered the same beverages as in lab test. The machine registered the individual choice and consumption (amount, time). In the third step the lab test was repeated.

Results: In seniors the lab acceptance test with similar products has no discriminatory power. The ranking test reveals to be more reliable for elderly people. Moreover, seniors prefer sweeter products in the lab. This is not found among younger people. The lab measurements with seniors are low in their value concerning their real life choice and intake via the device. The correlation coefficient between lab ranking and beverage choice was lower for seniors than students (p< 0.05). There was no difference between young and elderly people in the ability to handle the device. In general, students prefer more carbonated beverages than seniors(p<0.001)

Conclusion: The results obtained by the new device give better information on long-term beverage consumptions than preference measurements in the lab.

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36

Kong, Chung-yan. "Translating destination images as a re-presentation of multiple identities : comparing the Chinese-to-English translations of four tourism websites." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5607.

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This thesis argues that website translations can be taken as a form of social control striving to achieve certain political or economic ends by the website owners from a self-representation perspective. Studying the Chinese-to-English translations of the destination sections in four tourism websites, this study aims to derive interpretations as to how the act of translating formulates multiple self-representations, which may be seen as ideological attempts to influence the perceptions of target-text audiences. This thesis has two main parts. The first, Chapters 1 and 2, outlines the research objectives, background information and the conceptualisation of the four cases, and a two-stage comparative method working within an integrated theoretical framework. The second part, Chapters 3 to 5, comprises the empirical findings, discussing how features of discourses hypothetically prominent in a particular dimension of the website context may come to manifest different identities of the website owners. The translation strategies for these features are examined to identify the aspects of these identities changed in the self-representation contexts. Chapter 3 hypothesizes that the common context of the websites is dominated by tourism discourse and other associated discourses. The translation strategies for discourse features expressing a set of shared identities of the website owners suggest that the concepts of consumerism and commodity advertising are re-formulated in the translations. Chapters 4 and 5 discuss further identities of the owners manifested in the diverging sub-contexts of the websites, and underline aspects of these identities foregrounded in the translations. Chapter 4 highlights the diverging organisational identities of the official and corporate websites. The translation strategies for certain organisational features show that different organisational stances, different beneficiaries and different business rivals of the two categories of websites are emphasised in the translations. Studying the identity of being ‘Chinese people’ formulated by certain re-presented features of local discourse, Chapter 5 points to the differences between the national images re-presented by the China websites and the regional images foregrounded by the HK websites in their translations. Finally, the conclusions summarize various notions relating to the multiple identities re-formulated in the self-representation context, as well as their economic and political implications.

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Hinks, Jasmine. "Crossing Thresholds : Curating Across Contexts within the Public Sphere." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-152325.

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This thesis aims to investigate how a shift of the context in which artwork is presented necessitates ashift in curatorial approach. The discussion considers the overlapping categories of public andprivate in the spaces in which art is presented and encountered within the public sphere.By critically engaging with public sphere discourse, I construct a theoretical perspective rooted inChantal Mouffe's concept of agonistic space. I advocate an adaptive curatorial approach whichregards potential audiences as plural and fragmented. This perspective is then used as a lens throughwhich to analyse the curatorial strategies operative within three case studies of exhibition projectsfrom the artistic practice of Johanna Gustafsson Fürst, and to reflect on the future potential foragonistic curatorial approaches.

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Lopes, Joao Ladislau Barbara. "Uma arquitetura para provimento de ciência de situação direcionada às aplicações ubíquas na infraestrutura da internet das coisas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156410.

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A Computação Ubíqua (UbiComp) foi introduzida na década de 90 como a área de pesquisa que estuda a integração da tecnologia às tarefas cotidianas, com a intenção de proporcionar aos usuários a manutenção do foco em suas atividades, reduzindo a necessidade de seu envolvimento com a gerência da infraestrutura computacional. Considerando esta perspectiva de integração das tecnologias, exigindo o mínimo de participação do usuário, um dos desafios centrais de pesquisa para contemplar essa proposta da UbiComp é a Ciência de Situação. A construção do suporte à Ciência de Situação para as aplicações ubíquas envolve a representação do contexto, a coleta, o armazenamento e o processamento dos dados contextuais, bem como a identificação e disseminação das situações, de forma autônoma. Dentre as maneiras que tem sido consideradas para materializar a UbiComp, vem se destacando a Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things - IoT). Esta abordagem utiliza a Internet como principal meio para interoperação entre dispositivos computacionais. Nesse sentido, a IoT tem como premissa unir o mundo físico ao digital, preconizando a ideia do “tudo conectado”, criando assim uma rede de objetos incorporados ao ambiente de forma ubíqua. Deste modo, esta tese tem como objetivo conceber uma arquitetura para provimento de Ciência de Situação às aplicações ubíquas, na perspectiva da infraestrutura da Internet das Coisas. A arquitetura, denominada SAUI (Situation-aware Architecture for Ubiquitous applications in the Internet of things), é concebida considerando os trabalhos previamente desenvolvidos pelo grupo de pesquisa GPPD/UFRGS, particularmente o middleware EXEHDA (Execution Environment for Highly Distributed Applications) Entende-se como contribuições centrais desta tese: (i) a definição de uma abordagem híbrida para representação e processamento do contexto, visando à identificação de situações de interesse das aplicações; e (ii) a concepção de uma arquitetura distribuída, baseada em eventos e regras, visando o suporte à Ciência de Situação das aplicações ubíquas, considerando a infraestrutura provida pela IoT. As funcionalidades da Arquitetura SAUI são avaliadas através de cenários de uso nas áreas de agropecuária e saúde, sendo caracterizados os protótipos desenvolvidos, as tecnologias empregadas e os testes realizados. Os resultados obtidos corroboram com a abordagem da Arquitetura SAUI de considerar um suporte concomitante para operação distribuída, tratamento autônomo dos dados contextuais baseado em eventos e regras, e processamento híbrido do contexto, visando à identificação de situações de interesse das aplicações.
The Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) was introduced in the 90s as the area of research that studies the integration of technology in the everyday tasks, with the objective to keep the focus of the users in their activities, reducing the need of their involvement in the management of the computational infrastructure. Considering this perspective of technologies integration, requiring minimal user participation, one of the central research challenges is the situation awareness. The construction of the support to situation awareness for ubiquitous applications involves the representation of context; the acquisition, storage and processing of contextual data; and the identification and dissemination of situations, in autonomous way. Among the ways that have been considered to materialize UbiComp, has been highlighting the IoT (Internet of Things). This approach uses the Internet as the main means for interoperation between computing devices. In this sense, the IoT has the premise of join the physical and digital worlds, contemplating the idea of “everything connected”, thus creating a network of objects embedded in the environment ubiquitously. Thus, this thesis aims to design an architecture for providing situation awareness to ubiquitous applications, considering the IoT infrastructure. The architecture, called SAUI (Situation-aware Architecture for Ubiquitous applications in the Internet of things), is designed considering the work previously developed by the research group GPPD/UFRGS, particularly EXEHDA middleware (Execution Environment for Highly Distributed Applications) It is considered as central contributions of this thesis: (i) the definition of a hybrid approach for modeling and processing of context, aiming at identification of situations of interest of the applications; and (ii) the design of a distributed architecture, driven by events and rules, aiming at supporting the situation awareness of ubiquitous applications, considering an IoT infrastructure. The funcionalities of SAUI architecture are evaluated through usage scenarios in the areas of agriculture and healthcare. It was characterized the developed prototypes, the technologies used, and the tests performed. The results corroborate with the approach of SAUI architecture, which considers a concomitant support for distributed operation, autonomous handling of context based on events and rules, and hybrid processing of context, aiming at identification of situations.

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Fabro, Neto Alfredo Del. "MODELO PARA PREDIÇÃO DE AÇÕES E INFERÊNCIA DE SITUAÇÕES DE RISCO EM AMBIENTES SENSÍVEIS AO CONTEXTO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5450.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The availability of low cost sensors and mobile devices allowed many advances in research of ubiquitous and pervasive computing area. With the capture of contextual data provided by the sensors attached to these devices it is possible to obtain user state information and the environment, and thus map the relationship between them. One approach to map these relationships are the activities performed by the user, which also are part of the context itself. However, even that human activities could cause injuries, there is not much discussion in the academy of how ubiquitous computing could assess the risk related to them. In this sense, the Activity Project aims to determine the risk situations related to activities performed by people in a context aware environment, through a middleware that considers the risk in the actions that composes an activity and the user performance while performing an activity. This thesis aims to specify the Activity Manager middleware layer proposed for the Activity Project, whose goal is to address issues relating to the prediction of actions and activities and the detection of risk situation in the actions performed by an user. The model developed to address the composition and prediction of activities is based on the Activity Theory, while the risk in actions is determined by changes in the physiological context of the user caused by the actions performed by itself, modeled through the model named Hyperspace Analogous to Context. Tests were conducted and developed models outperformed proposals found for action prediction, with an accuracy of 78.69%, as well as for risk situations detection, with an accuracy of 98.94%, showing the efficiency of the proposed solution.
A popularização de sensores de baixo custo e de dispositivos móveis permitiu diversos avanços nas pesquisas da área de computação ubíqua e pervasiva. Com a captura dos dados contextuais providos pelos sensores acoplados a estes dispositivos é possível obter informações do estado do usuário e do ambiente, e dessa forma mapear a relação entre ambos. Uma das possíveis abordagens para mapear essas relações são as atividades executadas pelo usuário, que inclusive são parte constituinte do próprio contexto. Entretanto, mesmo que as atividades humanas possam causar danos físicos, não há muita discussão na academia de como a computação ubíqua poderia avaliar esse risco relacionado a elas. Neste sentido, o projeto Activity Project objetiva determinar situações de risco no momento da realização de atividades desempenhadas por pessoas em um ambiente sensível ao contexto, através de um middleware sensível ao contexto que considera o risco nas ações que compõe uma atividade e o desempenho do usuário enquanto executa uma atividade. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo especificar a camada Gerência de Atividades do middleware proposto para o Activity Project, cujo objetivo é tratar as questões referentes à predição de ações e atividades e a detecção de situações de risco em ações. O modelo desenvolvido para tratar a composição das atividades e a predição das mesmas baseia-se na Teoria da Atividade, enquanto que o risco em ações é determinado pelas mudanças no contexto fisiológico do usuário, modeladas através do modelo Hiperespaço Análogo ao Contexto. Nos testes realizados os modelos desenvolvidos superaram as propostas encontradas até o momento para a predição de ações com uma a precisão de 78,69%, bem como para a determinação de situações de risco com uma precisão de 98,94%, demonstrando a eficácia da solução proposta.

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Fang, Yuting. "A Case Study on How Chinese Students Use Their Cell Phones in Sweden Compared to That in China." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2271.

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This study focuses on cell phone usage. By comparing how a group of students use their cell phones in Sweden with that in China, alterant cell phone usage behaviors will be concluded. The study includes a case study. In order to do the research, the author selects a specific group and holds interviews. Three theories are used in this thesis which are: 1) mobile context, 2) switching behavior of mobile users and 3) transaction utility and reference situation. After introducing these three theories, the author concludes six theoretical factors which are combined into one competent framework. Base on the new framework, the author analyzes the result from the case study. After presenting the interview and the results, the author finds that Chinese students use their cell phones less frequent in Sweden compared to that in China. In order to find out the reasons, the author creates goal, emotion, fee, location and habit as the five matching factors which result in those changes. The matching factors are the bridge between the theories and the case study. After generalizing how those factors affect people while using cell phones, future work is to raise up some thoughts of how cell phones will be like in the future which is relevant to how to adapt information technology to human lives.

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Pahr-Hosbach, Sandra [Verfasser]. ""The situation is changing the habits" - dietary acculturation and affecting factors among selected South Indian migrants in Singapore in context of the acculturation process / Sandra Pahr-Hosbach." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1068922028/34.

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Göranzon, Anders. "What happened last night in Sweden?: To preach without fear in a Scandinavian Folk Church, in a situation when populist nationalism rises in the context of migration." Institut für Praktische Theologie, 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36477.

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This article focuses on the situation in the Church of Sweden, one of the largest Lutheran churches in the world. The links between the state and the church in Sweden were only recently cut. Political parties still engage with church policy and form the majority of the Church Assembly as well as many local Church councils. When nationalistic parties also are involved in church policy this becomes a challenge. Homiletics is taught at the Church of Sweden Institute for Pastoral Education as part of the final, ministerial year. At the Institute we make use of North American literature by authors like Brueggemann, Lose, Tubbs Tisdale and Troeger. There are many differences between the Scandinavian and the North American contexts. This paper seeks to investigate how homiletical training in one context is carried out with the use of textbooks from another, different context. How can homiletics based on North American theologies fit into a Folk Church context? How does a North American homiletic approach encourage Swedish students to preach a prophetic word of God, without fear, in a situation when populist nationalism rises in the context of migration? How can prophetic preaching, as described by for instance Brueggemann and Tisdale, be contextualised in this situation? This article discusses when and how prophetic preaching inspired from the Biblical example, with its narratives and with metaphors and poetic language, should be used and when a more confrontational, head-on witness is needed.

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Elfving, Johan, and Elin Rosén. "VARIATION I VALDELTAGANDE : - En statistisk undersökning av moderniseringens subnationella effekter på det svenska valdeltagandet." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-58997.

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This essay sets out to bring further knowledge within the field of political participation on an aggregated level in Sweden. The theoretical access point for this study is the modernization theory provided by Lipset (1959). This theory will be investigated to see if variables within this theory have an effect on the Swedish voter turn-out. Furthermore this study aims to investigate if the contexts of the economical situations have an effect on modernization. The main questions of this essay is: (1) what effects do modernization have on voter turn-out in Swedish municipals? (2) Regarding the economic cycles, what influence does the effects of modernization have on voter turn-out? The method used in this essay is a qauntative analysis in the form of a bivariate and a multiple regression analysis. The empirical material in this study includes statistics from different public agencies. The analysis aims to investigate three election years, 1994, 2006 and 2014. The empirical study shows that socioeconomic pre-conditions, such as average income level, and urbanization have a positive and strong effect on the Swedish voter turn-out on an aggregated level. This shows that modernization theory is not relevant in full, it rather shows that certain parts of the original theory is relevant today. The effects modernization have on voter turn-out is also a lot stronger when the economic context is an economic boom. When the economy goes down the effect goes down with it.

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Högman, Kristina. "Country-Adjusted Motivation : A Conceptual Model, applied in the Context of Motivation of a Code of Conduct." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35905.

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Companies adopt codes of conduct to set minimum standards on ethical issues, minimums that suppliers must keep. Problems has been found by other researchers regarding suppliers motivation to comply to the code. This study develops a conceptual model for how motivation can be adjusted to different countries, depending on economic situation, politic stability and culture of the country. Country-Adjusted Motivation is made by shaping motivating in relation to the human need that dominates in the country and by using the national culture to colour motivation. The model is applied in the context of how to motivate suppliers to a code of conduct in different countries. The model Country-Adjusted Motivation could as well be applied to other multinational contexts, where strong motivation is needed.

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Piscoran, Andrea-Mariana, and Sara-Lina Lock. "”Du är en del av Sverige men du är inte svensk” : En kvalitativ studie om migranter från Balkan och deras reflektioner om sina livssituationer." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40527.

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Migration har i och med globaliseringens utveckling ökat allt mer i världen och även till Sverige. När en individ lämnar sitt hemland för bosättning i ett nytt land innebär det ofta sociala, kulturella och ekonomiska förändringar. Syftet i följande studie är att belysa hur migranter från länder kring Balkan upplever sitt nya liv i det svenska samhället och att ur deras perspektiv uppmärksamma vilka utmaningar de möter i sin vardag. Undersökningen genomförs genom sex intervjuer med tre män och tre kvinnor från Bosnien-Hercegovina, Serbien, Kroatien och Slovenien. Studien inleder med en kort historisk redogörelse om det geografiska området. Resultatet visar att migrationen möjliggjort en ökad ekonomisk trygghet för respondenterna men betonar samtidigt att förlusten av det sociala kontaktnätet har haft stor påverkan i deras liv. Vidare diskuteras resultatet utifrån moderniserings- och postmoderniseringsteorier enligt Robert Inglehart samt individualiseringsteorin utifrån Ulrich Becks perspektiv. Datamaterialet diskuteras i förhållande till tidigare forskning inom området där likheter och skillnader synliggörs.
Migration has increased through globalization in the world and to Sweden as well. When an individual leaves its native country for a new country it often means social, cultural and economical changes. The purpose of this study is to highlight how migrants from countries around the Balkans are experiencing their new life in the Swedish society, and from their perspectives notice the challenges they face in their everyday lives. The survey is conducted through six interviews with three men and three women from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. The study starts with a brief historical presentation of the geographical area. The result shows that the migration has made it possible for the respondents to improve their economic conditions, but at the same time emphasizes that the loss of social connection to others have had a great effect on their lives. Further on, the results are discussed based on modernization and postmodernization theories according to Robert Inglehart as well as from individualization theory from Ulrich Beck's perspective. It is also related to previous research in the field where similarities and differences are visualized.

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Lopes, Mariú Moreira Madureira. "A sensibilidade na tradução bíblica: aspectos lingüísticos e socioculturais." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2251.

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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Besides its instructional or dogmatic aspects, the Bible is considered a sacred book that has determined human behavior and acquired a sentimental value for people who consider it sacred. But most of its readers have access to it only through translation. So, if there is on one hand an untouchable object that cannot be tampered with, on the other hand the translation is seen as a tool that touches this text modality and, because of this, subjects itself to total sacralization or total demoralization. It is in this impasse that this research is established, because according to Simms (1997), the Bible is characterized as a sensitive text, due to the fact that its translation can provoke objection from receptors that hope to see the reproduction of the Original as God has left it. In this perspective, the functionalist theories of language are very important for Bible analysis, because they approach not only linguistic aspects but also pragmatic ones. On this basis, this research observes the sensitivity in Biblical translation, in the light of the three features of the context of situation ( field , tenor and mode ) and the metafunctions of language ( ideational , interpersonal and textual ) proposed by Halliday (1987). For this purpose, a comparative study of linguistic aspects in the Epistle to the Ephesians was done, observing the three Biblical versions most used in current Protestantism: Versão revista e atualizada - 2ª edição, Nova versão internacional e Nova tradução na linguagem de hoje. Besides this, a questionnaire was prepared with questions whose aim is to analyze receptors expectations about Biblical translation. With this research, we aim at verifying linguistic and socio-cultural aspects observed in the analyzed Portuguese versions of the Bible, which are supposed to be present in the mentality of the current receptor, making it possible to discuss the peculiarities seen in the translation of sacred texts, highlighted in this research: the sacred nature, the language of religion and the focus of translation.
Além de seu aspecto instrucional ou dogmático, a Bíblia é considerada um livro sagrado que rege o comportamento humano e desencadeia um valor sentimental por parte daquele que o sacraliza. Todavia, a maioria de seus leitores somente a acessa por meio da tradução. Assim, se, por um lado, tem-se um objeto quase intocável, que não pode ser burlado ou defraudado, por outro, observa-se a tradução como uma ferramenta que toca essa modalidade de texto e, por assim proceder, sujeita-se à total sacralização ou à total desmoralização. É nesse impasse que esta pesquisa se estabelece, pois, segundo Simms (1997), a Bíblia caracteriza-se como um texto sensível, tendo em vista que sua tradução pode provocar objeções da parte dos receptores que esperam a reprodução do Original tal como fora deixado por Deus. Nessa perspectiva, são de especial valia para exame da obra as teorias funcionalistas da linguagem, que levam em consideração não só os aspectos lingüísticos mas também os pragmáticos. Com esse fundamento, o trabalho observa a sensibilidade na tradução bíblica, à luz das características do contexto de situação ( campo , teor e modo ) e das metafunções ( ideacional, interpessoal e textual ), propostas por Halliday (1987). Para isso, fez-se um estudo comparativo de aspectos lingüísticos na Carta de Paulo aos Efésios, em três versões mais usadas no meio protestante na atualidade: Versão revista e atualizada - 2ª edição, Nova versão internacional e Nova tradução na linguagem de hoje. Além disso, também se elaborou um questionário cujas questões visavam a analisar expectativas do receptor referentes à tradução. Objetiva-se, portanto, com este estudo, verificar aspectos lingüísticos e socioculturais que subjazem às versões bíblicas portuguesas estudadas e que se supõem presentes na mentalidade do receptor da atualidade, promovendo, assim, uma discussão sobre as peculiaridades existentes na tradução de textos sagrados, dentre as quais se destacam nesta pesquisa: a natureza sagrada do texto, a linguagem da religião e o enfoque tradutório.

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Song, Mei. "Modeling situated health information seeking and use in context the use of two approaches to grounded theorizing as applied to 81 sense-making methodology derived narrative interviews of health situation facing /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1189183438.

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Wright, Josephine. "Who's observing whom? An analysis of the effects of observation on mother-child interaction : (using viseotape recordings and interview procedures to develop an understanding of the special context of the observation situation)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335281.

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Médioni, Maria-Alice. "Situations d'apprentissage et activité des élèves en langues vivantes étrangères : analyse d'une mise en situation en espagnol." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/152361952#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.

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L'objet de ce travail de recherche est d'explorer la notion d'activité dans l'enseignement-apprentissage des langues, à travers le cas de l'espagnol. Pour ce faire, nous avons suivi une démarche expérimentale, mise en œuvre dans quatre collèges, qui a donné lieu à la constitution d'un corpus à partir d'observations, d'enregistrements audio et vidéo, de questionnaires et d'entretiens. L'analyse de ces données a permis d'aboutir à une "analyse séquentielle", de tirer les conclusions nécessaires à une "analyse catégorielle" qui nous a permis de caractériser les différentes types de tâches et de regarder leurs effets en termes d'apprentissage, la façon dont elles sont reconnues et interprétées par les élèves, les risques d'une trop grande focalisation sur ces tâches au détriment des enjeux d'apprentissage et les malentendus qui s'y rattachent. Nous avons ainsi vérifié que les attitudes d'appropriation du savoir par les élèves requièrent des procédures mentales dont la mise en œuvre n'est pas automatique. Au-delà des exemples singuliers, nous avons pu montrer comment s'opérait la différenciation au niveau des élèves et comment cela pouvait contribuer à la mise à l'écart d'un certain nombre d'entre eux. Nous avons ainsi pu mieux comprendre comment les effets de contrat didactique contribuent à l'interprétation des tâches par les élèves et comment les modalités de travail, les arbitrages opérés par l'enseignant dans la classe et les moments réflexifs peuvent rendre plus visibles et explicites les enjeux d'apprentissage pour tous
The purpose of this research is to investigate the notion of activity in MFL teaching and learning, through the case of Spanish. To do so, we have carried out an experimental method, implemented in four secondary schools. It ended up in the constitution of a corpus from observations, audio and video recordings, questionnaires and interviews. The analysis of data led to "sequential analysis ", enabled us to draw the necessary conclusions in a " category- specific analysis", thanks to which we managed to characterize various types of tasks and to see their effects in terms of learning, the way they are recognized and interpreted by the students, the risks of a too great focusing on these tasks, to the detriment of the stakes of learning, as well as the misunderstandings which are connected with that focusing. We have thus verified that the attitudes of knowledge appropriation by the students require mental procedures the implemented of which is not self-evident. Beyond the singular examples, we were able to show how differentiation took place, at the students’ level, and how it could contribute to the sidelining of some of them. That helped us understand the effects of the didactic contract, insofar as it may contribute to the interpretation of the tasks by the students and how the working modalities, the arbitrations operated by the teacher within the class and the reflexive moments can make the stakes in learning more visible and explicit for everyone

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Quevedo, Nelson Manoel de Moura. "Allergy Detector: um modelo ubíquo de detecção de riscos de alergia baseado na ciência de situação." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4861.

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UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
Avanços em computação ubíqua estão permitindo o surgimento de oportunidades em diversas áreas, entre elas está a área da saúde. Nessa área surgem diversas aplicações que utilizam computação ubíqua para cuidados com a saúde, chamadas de aplicações de Cuidados Ubíquos. Conforme pesquisa realizada, foram encontrados vários modelos que possibilitam cuidados ubíquos para os usuários, tais como planejamento alimentar, controle de ingestão de alimentos calóricos, sugestão de restaurantes, acompanhamento diário dos alimentos ingeridos e suporte na seleção de menus conforme restrições para uma dieta segura. Entretanto, nenhum dos modelos considerados fornece suporte de maneira ubíqua a usuários que sofrem de alergia alimentar. Assim, a proposta deste trabalho é a de desenvolver um modelo ubíquo, baseado em ciência de situação, de detecção de risco de ingestão dos oito ingredientes alergênicos (soja, ovo, leite, trigo, peixe, crustáceo, amêndoas oriundas de árvores e amendoim) e seus derivados, que são responsáveis por mais de 90% dos casos de alergias alimentares. A maior contribuição do modelo Allergy Detector para a comunidade científica consiste em empregar a ciência de situação para o propósito específico de dar suporte a usuários na área de alergia alimentar. Além disso, o modelo apresenta também uma importante contribuição para a sociedade, dando suporte a usuários que sofrem de alergia aos oito principais alergênicos, apontando as proteínas contidas nesses alimentos ou em seus derivados, sendo essas informações obtidas da base dados apresentada no site da União Internacional de Sociedades de Imunologia (WHO/IUIS). Utilizou-se o modelo de Endsley como base para poder-se aplicar a técnica de ciência de situação, que a partir da utilização dos contextos de perfil e de localização, somados à correlação desses dois contextos, permite realizar as inferências necessárias. E que a partir da correlação desses dois contextos, o modelo consegue identificar se existem pratos com alergênicos à saúde do usuário. Essa correlação só é possível graças à ontologia criada, que armazena todas as informações sobre os pratos e ingredientes desses pratos do restaurante identificado, bem como as informações das proteínas alergênicas contidas nos oito principais alergênicos. O modelo proposto teve três avaliações, sendo uma avaliação através de um estudo de caso, outra quanto ao desempenho do aplicativo e uma terceira avaliação relativa à usabilidade do modelo. Para o estudo de caso utilizou-se o protótipo criado e confirmou-se a expectativa de que a aplicação de ciência de situação, baseada no modelo de Endsley, possibilitaria que o modelo de forma ubíqua detectasse riscos ao usuário da presença de alergênicos nos pratos servidos nos restaurantes. Enquanto que para avaliação do desempenho, coletou-se os tempos médios de respostas para requisições entre os principais serviços, bem como mediu-se o consumo de CPU durante os conjuntos de requisições aplicadas, constando-se que o tempo médio de resposta cresce linearmente até um determinado número de requisições e após isso apresenta um comportamento exponencial e quanto ao consumo de CPU, constatou-se que os serviços pouco oneraram as plataformas PaaSs. Como última avaliação mediu-se a usabilidade do modelo através de experimentos de campo com 10 voluntários, que atestaram que o modelo atendeu a todos os construtos medidos e a partir dos resultados de análise estatística, pode-se confirmar que o modelo de medição proposto é coerente com as Hipóteses identificadas sobre influência entre construtos.
Advances in ubiquitous computing are enabling the emergence of opportunities in many areas, among them is the health area. In this area emerge many applications using ubiquitous computing for health care, called Ubiquitous Healthcare applications. According to survey conducted, have been found many models that enable ubiquitous healthcare to users, such as food planning, control intake of high-calorie foods, restaurant suggestions, daily monitoring of the diet and support in the selection menus as restrictions for safe diet. However, none of the models concerned provides support ubiquitous way for users who suffer from food allergies. Thus, this paper proposes to develop a ubiquitous model based on situation awareness, of risk detection intake of the eight major allergens (soy, egg, milk, wheat, fish, crustacean, trees nuts and peanuts) and their derivate, which causes about 90% of cases of all food allergies. The biggest model contribution to the scientific community consists of using the situation awareness for the specific purpose of supporting users in food allergy area. In addition, the model presents too an important contribution for society, supporting users who suffer from allergy to eight major allergens, presenting proteins contained in these foods or its derivatives, and that information obtained from the database hosted on the Union International Immunology Societies (WHO / IUIS) website. Was used the Endsley´s model as base to apply the situation awareness technique, which from the use of the profile and location contexts, added to the correlation of these two contexts, allows to perform the necessary inferences. And that from the correlation of these two contexts, the model is able to identify if there are dishes with allergens to the user's health. This correlation is only possible due to the ontology created, which stores all the information about the dishes and ingredients in these dishes the restaurant identified as well as the information of allergenic proteins contained in the eight major allergens. The proposed model had three evaluations, the first as an assessment by a case study, another on the application performance and a third evaluation on the usability of the model. For the case study were used the prototype created and confirmed the expectation that the situation awareness application, based on the Endsley´s model, would enable the model ubiquitously detect hazards to the user of the presence of allergens in food served in restaurants. While for performance evaluation, were collected the average response times for requests among the main services, and was measured CPU consumption during the sets applied requests, stating that the average response time increases linearly up a number of requests and thereafter presents an exponential behavior, and as the CPU consumption, it was found that the service used PaaSs platforms bit. As a final evaluation measured the usability of the model through field experiments with 10 volunteers, who testified that the model met all the measured constructs and from the results of statistical analysis, it can be confirmed that the proposed measurement model is consistent with the hypotheses identified on influence among constructs.

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