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Barrett, Gilbert. "COLLABORATIVE CONTEXT-BASED REASONING." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2722.
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This dissertation explores modeling collaborative behavior, based on Joint Intentions Theory (JIT), in Context-Based Reasoning (CxBR). Context-Based Reasoning is one of several contextual reasoning paradigms. And, Joint Intentions Theory is the definitive semantic framework for collaborative behaviors. In order to formalize collaborative behaviors in CxBR based on JIT, CxBR is first described in terms of the more popular Belief, Desire, and Intention (BDI) model. Once this description is established JIT is used as a basis for the formalism for collaborative behavior in CxBR. The hypothesis of this dissertation is that this formalism allows for effective collaborative behaviors in CxBR. Additionally, it is also hypothesized that CxBR agents inferring intention from explicitly communicating Contexts allows for more efficient modeling of collaborative behaviors than inferring intention from situational awareness. Four prototypes are built and evaluated to test the hypothesis and the evaluations are favorable. Effective collaboration is demonstrated through cognitive task analysis and through metrics based on JIT definitions. Efficiency is shown through software metric evaluations for volume and complexity of code.Ph.D.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Engineering PhD
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Boteanu, Adrian. "Similarity Reasoning over Semantic Context-Graphs." Digital WPI, 2015. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/365.
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"Similarity is a central cognitive mechanism for humans which enables a broad range of perceptual and abstraction processes, including recognizing and categorizing objects, drawing parallelism, and predicting outcomes. It has been studied computationally through models designed to replicate human judgment. The work presented in this dissertation leverages general purpose semantic networks to derive similarity measures in a problem-independent manner. We model both general and relational similarity using connectivity between concepts within semantic networks. Our first contribution is to model general similarity using concept connectivity, which we use to partition vocabularies into topics without the need of document corpora. We apply this model to derive topics from unstructured dialog, specifically enabling an early literacy primer application to support parents in having better conversations with their young children, as they are using the primer together. Second, we model relational similarity in proportional analogies. To do so, we derive relational parallelism by searching in semantic networks for similar path pairs that connect either side of this analogy statement. We then derive human readable explanations from the resulting similar path pair. We show that our model can answer broad-vocabulary analogy questions designed for human test takers with high confidence. The third contribution is to enable symbolic plan repair in robot planning through object substitution. When a failure occurs due to unforeseen changes in the environment, such as missing objects, we enable the planning domain to be extended with a number of alternative objects such that the plan can be repaired and execution to continue. To evaluate this type of similarity, we use both general and relational similarity. We demonstrate that the task context is essential in establishing which objects are interchangeable."
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Dry, Simon. "Schemas and the role of realistic content and context in deductive reasoning /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsd798.pdf.
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Boytsov, Andrey. "Context reasoning, context prediction and proactive adaptation in pervasive computing systems." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17626.
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The paradigm of pervasive computing aims to integrate the computing technologies in a graceful and transparent manner, and make computing solutions available anywhere and at any time. Different aspects of pervasive computing, like smart homes, smart offices, social networks, micromarketing applications, PDAs, etc. are becoming a part of everyday life. Context of pervasive computing system is any piece of information that can be of possible interest to the system. Context often includes location, time, activity, surroundings, etc. One of the core features of pervasive computing systems is context awareness – the ability to use context information to the benefit of the system. The thesis proposes a set of context prediction and situation prediction methods on top of enhanced situation awareness mechanisms. Being aware of the future context enables a pervasive computing system to choose the most efficient strategies to achieve its stated objectives and therefore a timely response to the upcoming situation can be provided. This thesis focuses on the challenges of context prediction, but in order to become really efficient and useful, context prediction approaches need to be gracefully integrated with different other aspects of reasoning about the context. This thesis proposes a novel integrated approach for proactively working with context information. In order to become efficient, context prediction should be complemented with proper acting on predicted context, i.e. proactive adaptation. The majority of current approaches to proactive adaptation solves context prediction and proactive adaptation problems in sequence. This thesis identifies the shortcomings of that approach, and proposes an alternative solution based on reinforcement learning techniques. The concept of situation provides useful generalization of context data and allows eliciting the most important information from the context. The thesis proposes, justifies and evaluates improved situation modeling methods that allow covering broader range of real-life situations of interest and efficiently reason about situation relationships. The context model defines the pervasive computing system’s understanding of its internal and external environments, and determines the input for context prediction solutions. This thesis proposes novel methods for formal verification of context and situation models that can help to build more reliable and dependable pervasive computing systems and avoid the inconsistent context awareness, situation awareness and context prediction results. The architecture of pervasive computing system integrates all the aspects of context reasoning and governs the interaction and collaboration between different context processing mechanisms. This thesis proposes, justifies and evaluates the architectural support for context prediction methods. The novel architectural solutions allow encapsulating various practical issues and challenges of pervasive computing systems and handling them on low levels of context processing, therefore, supporting the efforts for efficient context prediction and proactive adaptation.Godkänd; 2011; 20110506 (andboy); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Medieteknik/Media Technology Examinator: Professor Arkady Zaslavsky, Institutionen för system och rymdteknik, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Professor Christian Becker, University of Mannheim, Germany Tid: Måndag den 13 juni 2011 kl 10.00 Plats: A109, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Sanchez, Roberto. "Improving Computational Efficiency in Context-Based Reasoning Simulations." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2003. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/416.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucfBachelors
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Engineering
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Wei, Xiaoyong. "Concept-based video search by semantic and context reasoning /." access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2009. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-cs-b23750509f.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2009."Submitted to Department of Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-133)
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Tiberghien, Thibaut. "Strategies for context reasoning in assistive livings for the elderly." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01048698.
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Leveraging our experience with the traditional approach to ambient assisted living (AAL) which relies on a large spread of heterogeneous technologies in deployments, this thesis studies the possibility of a more "stripped down" and complementary approach, where only a reduced hardware subset is deployed, probing a transfer of complexity towards the software side, and enhancing the large scale deployability of the solution. Focused on the reasoning aspects in AAL systems, this work has allowed the finding of a suitable semantic inference engine for the peculiar use in these systems, responding to a need in this scientific community. Considering the coarse granularity of situational data available, dedicated rule-sets with adapted inference strategies are proposed, implemented, and validated using this engine. A novel semantic reasoning mechanism is proposed based on a cognitively inspired reasoning architecture. Finally, the whole reasoning system is integrated in a fully featured context-aware service framework, powering its context awareness by performing live event processing through complex ontological manipulation. the overall system is validated through in-situ deployments in a nursing home as well as private homes over a few months period, which itself is noticeable in a mainly laboratory-bound research domain
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Gharbi, Mamoun. "Geometric reasoning planning in the context of Human-Robot Interaction." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0047/document.
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Au cours des dernières années, la communauté robotique s'est largement intéressée au domaine de l'interaction homme-robot (HRI). Un des aspects de ce domaine est de faire agir les robots en présence de l'homme, tout en respectant sa sécurité ainsi que son confort. Pour atteindre cet objectif, un robot doit planifier ses actions tout en prenant explicitement en compte les humains afin d'adapter le plan à leurs positions, leurs capacités et leurs préférences. La première partie de cette thèse concerne les transferts d'objets entre humains et robots : où, quand et comment les effectuer? Dépendant des préférences de l'Homme, il est parfois préférable, ou pas, partager l'effort du transfert d'objet entre lui et le robot, mais encore, à certains moments, un seul transfert d'objet n'est pas suffisant pour atteindre l'objectif (amener l'objet à un agent cible), le robot doit alors planifier une séquence de transfert d'objet entre plusieurs agents afin d'arriver à ses fins. Quel que soit le cas, pendant le transfert d'objet, un certain nombre de signaux doivent être échangés par les deux protagonistes afin de réussir l'action. Un des signaux les plus utilisés est le regard. Lorsque le donneur tend le bras afin de transférer l'objet, il doit regarder successivement le receveur puis l'objet afin de faciliter le transfert. Le transfert d'objet peut être considéré comme une action de base dans un plan plus vaste, nous amenant à la seconde partie de cette thèse qui présente une formalization de ce type d'actions de base" et d'actions plus complexes utilisant des conditions, des espaces de recherche et des contraintes. Cette partie rend aussi compte du framework et des différents algorithmes utilisés pour résoudre et calculer ces actions en fonction de leur description. La dernière partie de la thèse montre comment ce framework peut s'adapter à un planificateur de plus haut niveau (un planificateur de tâches par exemple) et une méthode pour combiner la planification symbolique et géométrique. Le planificateur de tâches utilise des appels à des fonctions externes lui permettant de vérifier la faisabilité de la tâche courante, et en cas de succès, de récupérer l'état du monde fourni par le raisonneur géométrique et de l'utilisé afin de poursuivre la planification. Cette partie montre également différentes extensions de cette algorithme, tels que les \validation géométriques" où nous testons l'infaisabilité de plusieurs actions à la fois ou \les contraintes" où l'ajout de contraintes au niveau symbolique peut dirigée la recherche géométrique ou encore \recherche dirigé par coût" où le planificateur symbolique utilise les informations fournies par la partie géométrique afin d'éviter le calcul de plans moins intéressantsIn the last few years, the Human robot interaction (HRI) field has been in the spotlight of the robotics community. One aspect of this field is making robots act in the presence of humans, while keeping them safe and comfortable. In order to achieve this, a robot needs to plan its actions while explicitly taking into account the humans and adapt its plans to their whereabouts, capacities and preferences. The first part of this thesis is about human-robot handover: where, when and how to perform them? Depending on the human preferences, it may be better, or not, to share the handover effort between him and the robot, while in other cases, a unique handover might not be enough to achieve the goal (bringing the object to a target agent) and a sequence of handovers might be needed. In any case, during the handover, a number of cues should be used by both protagonists involved in one handover. One of the most used cue is the gaze. When the giver reaches out with his arm, he should look at the object, and when the motion is finished, he should look at the receiver's face to facilitate the transfer. The handover can be considered as a basic action in a bigger plan. The second part of this thesis reports about a formalization of these kind of basic actions" and more complex ones by the use of conditions, search spaces and restraints. It also reports about a framework and different algorithms used to solve and compute these actions based on their description. The last part of the thesis shows how the previously cited framework can fit in with a higher level planner (such as a task planner) and a method to combine a symbolic and geometric planner. The task planner uses external calls to the geometric planner to assess the feasibility of the current task, and in case of success, retrieve the state of the world provided by the geometric reasoner and use it to continue the planning. This part also shows different extensions enabling a faster search. Some of these extensions are \Geometric checks" where we test the infeasibility of multiple actions at once, \constraints" where adding constraints at the symbolic level can drive the geometric search, and \cost driven search" where the symbolic planner uses information form the geometric one to prune out over costly plans
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Bissey, Nancy R. "Probabilistic reasoning based on age of students and context of questions /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737862.
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Gilman, E. (Ekaterina). "Exploring the use of rule-based reasoning in ubiquitous computing applications." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526209586.
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Abstract Ubiquitous computing transforms physical environments into smart spaces, supporting users in an unobtrusive fashion. Such support requires sensing and interpreting the situation of the user, and providing the required functionality utilizing resources available. In other words, context acquisition, context modelling, and context reasoning are required. This thesis explores rule-based context reasoning from three perspectives: to implement the functionality of ubiquitous applications, to support the creation of ubiquitous applications, and to achieve self-adaptation. First, implementing functionality with reasoning is studied by comparing an application equipped with rule-based reasoning with an application providing similar functionality with hard coded application logic. The scalability of rule-based reasoning is studied with a large-scale student assistant scenario. Reasoning with constrained resources is explored with an application that performs reasoning partially on mobile devices. Finally, distributing a reasoning component that supports smart space interaction is explored with centralized, hybrid, and distributed architectures. Second, the creation of applications with rule-based reasoning is explored. In the first study, rules support building applications from available services and resources based on the instructions that users give via physical user interfaces. The second study supports developers, by proposing middleware that dynamically selects services and data based on the rules written by application developers. Third, self-adaptation is explored with a conceptual framework that adds self-introspective monitoring and control to smart space applications. This framework is verified with simulation and theoretical studies, and an application that fuses diverse data to provide fuel-efficient driving recommendations and adapts decision-making based on the driver’s progress and feedback. The thesis’ contributions include demonstrative cases on using rule-based reasoning from different perspectives, different scales, and with different architectures. Frameworks, a middleware, simulations, and prototypes provide the concrete contribution of the thesis. Generally, the thesis contributes to understanding how rule-based reasoning can be used in ubiquitous computing. The results presented can be used as guidelines for developers of ubiquitous applicationsTiivistelmä Jokapaikan tietotekniikka muokkaa fyysisen ympäristömme älykkääksi tilaksi, joka tukee käyttäjää häntä häiritsemättä. Tuki toteutetaan asentamalla ympäristöön käyttäjää ja ympäristöä havainnoivia laitteita, tulkitsemalla kerätyn tiedon perusteella käyttäjän tilanne ja tarjoamalla tilanteeseen sopiva toiminnallisuus käyttäen saatavilla olevia resursseja. Toisin sanoen, älykkään tilan on kyettävä tunnistamaan ja mallintamaan toimintatilanne sekä päättelemään toimintatilanteen perusteella. Tässä työssä tutkitaan sääntöpohjaista päättelyä toimintatilanteen perusteella sovellusten toiminnallisuuden toteutuksen, kehittämisen tuen sekä mukautuvuuden näkökulmista. Sovellusten toiminnallisuuden toteuttamista päättelemällä tutkitaan vertaamalla sääntöpohjaisen päättelyn avulla toteutettua toiminnallisuutta vastaavaan suoraan sovellukseen ohjelmoituun toiminnallisuuteen. Sääntöpohjaisen päättelyn skaalautuvuutta arvioidaan laajamittaisessa opiskelija-assistenttiskenaariossa. Niukkojen resurssien vaikutusta päättelyyn arvioidaan päättelemällä osittain mobiililaitteessa. Älykkään tilan vuorovaikutusta tukevan päättelykomponentin hajauttamista tutkitaan keskitetyn, hybridi- ja hajautetun arkkitehtuurin avulla. Sovelluskehityksen tukemiseksi päättelyn säännöt muodostetaan saatavilla olevista palveluista ja resursseista käyttäjän fyysisen käyttöliittymän välityksellä antamien ohjeiden mukaisesti. Toisessa tapauksessa sovelluskehitystä tuetaan väliohjelmistolla, joka valitsee palvelut ja datan dynaamisesti sovelluskehittäjien luomien sääntöjen perusteella. Mukautuvuutta tutkitaan tilan hallintaan ja itsehavainnointiin liittyvän toiminnallisuuden lisäämiseen pystyvän käsitteellisen kehyksen avulla. Kehyksen toiminta varmennetaan simulointien sekä teoreettisten tarkastelujen avulla. Toteutettu useita datalähteitä yhdistävä sovellus antaa ajoneuvon kuljettajalle polttoaineen kulutuksen vähentämiseen liittyviä suosituksia sekä mukautuu kuljettajan ajotavan kehityksen ja palautteen perusteella. Työssä on osoitettu sääntöpohjaisen päättelyn toimivuus eri näkökulmista, eri skaalautuvuuden asteilla sekä eri arkkitehtuureissa. Työn konkreettisia tuloksia ovat kehykset, väliohjelmistot, simuloinnit sekä prototyypit. Laajemmassa mittakaavassa työ edesauttaa ymmärtämään sääntöpohjaisen päättelyn soveltamista ja työn tuloksia voidaankin käyttää suosituksina sovelluskehittäjille
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Gadd, Kolby J. "Teachers' Curricular Reasoning and MKT in the Context of Algebra and Statistics." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5686.
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This study investigates 7th grade teachers' curricular reasoning and MKT in algebra and statistics. Although the use of curriculum materials and MKT both influence the quality of mathematics instruction, no relationship between teachers' curricular reasoning and MKT was found. Further, teachers' curricular reasoning across algebra and statistics was very similar despite differences in these fields and differences in MKT. A model for thinking about the knowledge needed to provide high quality instruction is proposed by considering the role of curricular reasoning and MKT in instruction.
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Näs, Helena. "Teaching photosynthesis in a compulsory school context : Students' reasoning, understanding and interactions." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskapernas och matematikens didaktik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-32077.
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According to previous research, students show difficulties in understanding photosynthesis and respiration, and basic ecological concepts like energy flow in ecosystems. There are successful teaching units accomplished in this area and many of them can be described as inquiry-based teaching. One definition of inquiry-based teaching is that it involves everything from finding problems, investigating them, debating with peers and trying to explain and give solutions. Accordingly students need to be confronted with challenging questions and empirical data to reason about and teachers need to implement student-generated inquiry discussion since students often stay silent and do not express their thoughts during science lessons. This thesis will focus on young peoples’ understanding of the functioning of plants, students’ participation during biology lessons, and how biology teaching is accomplished in primary and secondary school. Two school classroom projects focusing on teaching about plants and ecology are described. Four teachers and their 4th, 5th and 6th grade classes plus two science teachers and their three 8th grade classes collaborated. Photosynthesis and respiration were made concrete by using tasks where plants, plant cells, germs, seeds and the gas exchange were used. The aim was to listen to students’ reasoning in both teaching and interview situations. Learning outcome, as described by students’ reasoning in the classrooms and in individual interviews but also by their test results, is especially focused. Student-student and student-teacher interactions have been analysed with an ethnographic approach in the classroom context. The plant tasks encouraged the students’ in primary school to develop scientific reasoning and the interviews confirmed that the students had learned about photosynthesis. The ecology teaching in secondary school showed a substantial understanding confirmed both by students’ oral and written reasoning. Analyses of test results and understanding as presented in interviews did not always correspond. The interviews showed the importance of letting students try to explain concepts and to correct themselves. Primary students’ reasoning and understanding about photosynthesis were in the interviews almost the same as the secondary students’. The secondary students’ questioning during the lectures showed wonderments and interest for ecology from a broader view than in the content presented by the teachers and the textbooks, but the large classes and disruptive students stole too much time from the teachers’ management in the classroom. Students’ knowledge was underestimated and their interest in ecology faded away.Tidigare forskning visar att elever har svårigheter att förstå processer som fotosyntes, cellandning och ekologiska samband, såsom energiflöden i ekosystem. Lyckosamma undervisningsprojekt inom det här området kan ofta beskrivas som ”inquiry-based”. Ett sätt att definiera ”inquiry-based” är att det innefattar allt ifrån att hitta problem, undersöka dem, debattera med andra elever och till att försöka förklara och ge lösningar. Utifrån detta visas att elever behöver bli konfronterade med utmanande frågor och empiriska data att resonera utifrån. Lärarna behöver också arbeta med att föra in studentdiskussioner eftersom det visat sig att många elever ofta är tysta och inte uttrycker sina tankar och spekulationer under NO-lektionerna. Den här avhandlingen fokuserar på elevernas förståelse av växternas funktion, elevernas deltagande under biologilektionerna och på hur biologiundervisning genomförs i mellan- och högstadiet. Två skolprojekt med fokus på växter och ekologi beskrivs. Fyra klasslärare och deras klasser i årskurs 4, 5 och 6, plus två NO-lärare och deras tre klasser i årskurs 8 samarbetade. Fotosyntes och cellandning konkretiserades med hjälp av växter, växtceller, groddar, frön och några gas-utbytesreaktioner. Syftet var att lyssna på vad eleverna resonerade om, både i undervisningssituationer och vid intervju. Elevernas förståelse utifrån deras resonerande men också utifrån deras testresultat fokuserades. Elev-elev- och elev-lärarinteraktioner analyserades med hjälp av en etnografisk ansats i klassrums-kontexten. Uppgifterna med konkret växtmaterial uppmuntrade mellanstadieeleverna att utveckla ett naturvetenskapligt resonerande och intervjuerna bekräftade att eleverna hade lärt sig om fotosyntes. Ekologiundervisningen på högstadiet resulterade i en påtaglig förståelse, som bekräftades utifrån elevernas muntliga och skriftliga resonerande. Analysen av förståelse visad i provresultat och vid intervju överensstämde inte alltid. Intervjuerna visade betydelsen av att låta eleverna både få förklara begrepp och att rätta sig själva i sina förklaringar. I intervjusituationen visade det sig att mellanstadieelevernas resonerande och förståelse av fotosyntes gott kunde mäta sig med högstadieelevernas. Elevernas sätt att ställa frågor under lektionsgenomgångarna visade på funderingar och ett intresse för ekologi, som hade en större bredd än det innehåll som lärare och lärobok presenterade, men stora klasser och störande elever stal alldeles för mycket av lärarens tid för att det skulle vara möjligt att genomföra bra undervisning i klassrummet. Elevernas kunskaper underskattades och deras intresse tonade bort.
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Lorins, Peterson Marthen. "A Comparative Analysis Between Context-Based Reasoning (CxBR) and Contextual Graphs (CxGs)." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2302.
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Context-based Reasoning (CxBR) and Contextual Graphs (CxGs) involve the modeling of human behavior in autonomous and decision-support situations in which optimal human decision-making is of utmost importance. Both formalisms use the notion of contexts to allow the implementation of intelligent agents equipped with a context sensitive knowledge base. However, CxBR uses a set of discrete contexts, implying that models created using CxBR operate within one context at a given time interval. CxGs use a continuous context-based representation for a given problem-solving scenario for decision-support processes. Both formalisms use contexts dynamically by continuously changing between necessary contexts as needed in appropriate instances. This thesis identifies a synergy between these two formalisms by looking into their similarities and differences. It became clear during the research that each paradigm was designed with a very specific family of problems in mind. Thus, CXBR best implements models of autonomous agents in environment, while CxGs is best implemented in a decision support setting that requires the development of decision-making procedures. Cross applications were implemented on each and the results are discussed.M.S.Cp.E.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Engineering
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Eyorokon, Vahid. "Measuring Goal Similarity Using Concept, Context and Task Features." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1534084289041091.
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Feki, Mohamed Ali. "An ontology based context aware modelling and reasoning to enhance human environment interaction." Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TELE0008.
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La convergence récente de l'informatique ambiante et des systèmes sensibles au contexte a généré un intérêt important pour les applications qui exploitent des aspects de l'environnement contextuel pour améliorer l'interaction implicite de l'utilisateur, fournir des services adaptables, présenter de l'information pertinente, et gérer des mécanismes d'adaptation. Cependant, en raison du manque et d'absence des solutions techniques génériques capables de couvrir la continuité de l'interaction entre plusieurs espaces d'interaction, la compléxité des besoins, et l'hétérogéneité des dispositifs d'interaction, il demeure très difficile le développement des applications sensibles au contexte et les développeurs doivent traiter éventuellement beaucoup de verrous liées à la représentation, à la détection, à l'interprétation, au stockage, au raisonnement et l'adaptation du contexte. Afin de remédier à cette situation, il y a un besoin de mieux comprendre le processus de conception lié aux applications sensibles au contexte, l'architecture supportant les différentes phases de traitement de contexte, et améliorer l'abstraction de la programmation afin de soulager le prototypage des applications. Cette recherche s'est concentrée sur l'infrastructure logicielle (Framework) permettant les développements d'applications sensibles au contexte. Cette dissertation présente une analyse de l'ensemble des conditions pour le développement des applications contextuelles. Cette analyse nous a permis de proposer un modèle conceptuel basé sur les ontologies sémantiques, une infrastructure logicielle pour le traitement du contexte et un ensemble de bibliothèques. La recherche rapportée ici étudie : comment le contexte peut être acquis, distribué, et utilisé et comment ca permet d'affecter l'interaction homme environnementThe recent convergence of ubiquitous computing and context-aware computing has seen a considerable rise in interest that exploit aspects of the contextual environment to enhance implicit user interaction, offer services, present information, tailor application behavior or trigger adaptation. However, as a result of the lack of generic mechanisms for supporting context-awareness, context-aware applications remain very difficult to build and developers must deal with a wide range of issues related to representing, sensing, aggregating, storing, querying and reasoning of context. In order to remedy this situation, there is a need for better understanding of the design process associated with context-aware applications, architectural support for the entire context processing flow, and improved programming abstractions that ease the prototyping of applications. This research in context-aware computing has focused on the architectural support for context-aware application development. This dissertation presents a set of requirements for context-aware applications, based on wich we designed and implemented our architectural support, including an ontology-based context model, a context-aware architecture (namely Context Aware Explorer) and a set of programming abstractions. This research reported here is investigating : how context can be acquired, ditributed, and used and how it changes human computer interaction in Ubiquitous Computing. The Context Aware Explorer includes common steps required to build context applications (acquisition, interpretation, presentation, reasoning and application), thus it ensures the adaptation situated at the level of User Environment Interaction. The case study, Assistive Environment, validates our work, and illustrates, in concrete form, the process and issues involved in the design of context-aware software. Finally, the research presents an overview of how Ubiquitous Computing systems can be evaluated. Different techniques are assessed, and the concept of probing users and developers with prototypes is presented
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Dobslaw, Felix. "An Adaptive, Searchable and Extendable Context Model,enabling cross-domain Context Storage, Retrieval and Reasoning : Architecture, Design, Implementation and Discussion." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-12179.
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The specification of communication standards and increased availability of sensors for mobile phones and mobile systems are responsible for a significantly increasing sensor availability in populated environments. These devices are able to measure physical parameters and make this data available via communication in sensor networks. To take advantage of the so called acquiring information for public services, other parties have to be able to receive and interpret it. Locally measured datacould be seen as a means of describing user context. For a generic processing of arbitrary context data, a model for the specification ofenvironments, users, information sources and information semantics has to be defined. Such a model would, in the optimal case, enable global domain crossing context usage and hence a broader foundation for context interpretation and integration.This thesis proposes the CII-(Context Information Integration) model for the persistence and retrieval of context information in mobile, dynamically changing, environments. It discusses the terms context and context modeling under the analysis of former publications in thefield. Further-more an architecture and prototype are presented.Live and historical data are stored and accessed by the same platform and querying processor, but are treated in an optimized fashion.Optimized retrieval for closeness in n-dimensional context-spaces is supported by a dedicated method. The implementation enables self-aware,shareable agents that are able to reason or act based upon the global context,including their own. These agents can be considered as being a part of the wholecontext, being movable and executable for all context-aware applications.By applying open source technology, a gratifying implementation of CII is feasible. The document contains a thorough discussion concerning the software design and further prototype development. The use cases at the end of the document show the flexibility and extendability of the model and its implementation as a context-base for three entirely different applications.MediaSense
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Weynand, Tobin Theresa. "Moral thinking in a global context: Making room for diverse conceptions of moral reasoning." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3186938.
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Philip, Georgia Clare. "'Working at it' : context, relationality and moral reasoning in narratives of fathering beyond couplehood." Thesis, Open University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522226.
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Böhme, Stephan [Verfasser], Franz [Gutachter] Baader, and Jeff Z. [Gutachter] Pan. "Context Reasoning for Role-Based Models / Stephan Böhme ; Gutachter: Franz Baader, Jeff Z. Pan." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1226813755/34.
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Tomizawa, Hajime. "AUTOMATED SCENARIO GENERATION SYSTEM IN A SIMULATION." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2637.
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Developing training scenarios that induce a trainee to utilize specific skills is one of the facets of simulation-based training that requires significant effort. Simulation-based training systems have become more complex in recent years. Because of this added complexity, the amount of effort required to generate and maintain training scenarios has increased. This thesis describes an investigation into automating the scenario generation process. The Automated Scenario Generation System (ASGS) generates expected action flow as contexts in chronological order from several events and tasks with estimated time for the entire training mission. When the training objectives and conditions are defined, the ASGS will automatically generate a scenario, with some randomization to ensure no two equivalent scenarios are identical. This makes it possible to train different groups of trainees sequentially who may have the same level or training objectives without using a single scenario repeatedly. The thesis describes the prototype ASGS and the evaluation results are described and discussed. SVSTM Desktop is used as the development infrastructure for ASGS as prototype training system.M.S.Cp.E.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Modeling and Simulation
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Sternäng, Li. "Ethical and normative reasoning on climate change : Conceptions and solutions among students in a Chinese context." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-56033.
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Previous research in environmental education and learning has mainly concerned students’ understanding of natural scientific knowledge, whereas research on the influence of other knowledge in learning environmental issues is marginal. Also, the interest in most studies investigating students’ natural scientific knowledge has been to capture constraints in students’ understanding, hence investigations of students’ meaning making are rare. The main objective of this thesis was to explore individual students’ reasoning regarding climate change, and the influence of knowledge on their reasoning. In Study I, students’ conceptions of the enhanced greenhouse effect (EGHE) were investigated. The results showed that students incorporated different pieces of information from different problem areas into the conceptualization of the EGHE. Setting up causal links between diversely different pieces of information seems to be a way to make meaning, and thus a necessary step in the learning process. Study II is an investigation of students’ solutions to climate change. The results indicated that students contextualized problems and solutions by addressing the individual(s), where the individual(s) was either “myself” or “someone else”. The different notions of the individual(s) became crucial as the students’ views of the environment, as well as society, changed according to the different contexts. To further study students’ conceptions of “me” and “others”, Study III examined students’ conceptualized solutions to the dilemma between economic development and mitigating climate change. The findings suggested that students’ conceptualized nature as a “box” of resources, and that economic development would sustain and improve nature. Therefore, the dilemma between economic development and mitigating climate change or dealing with environmental problems did not exist. Results from all three studies were discussed with respect to theoretical implications.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.
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Hurst, Michelle Ann Roddy. "Exploring Attention to Numerical Features in Proportional Reasoning: The Role of Representations, Context, and Individual Differences." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107599.
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Thesis advisor: Sara CordesHuman infants show relatively sophisticated abilities to track and use proportional information. However, by the age of 6, children tend to make predictable errors in their proportional reasoning and later encounter significant challenges in many aspects of formal fraction learning. Thus, one of the central questions motivating this research is to identify the factors leading to these difficulties, in light of evidence of early intuitions about these concepts. In the current dissertation, I address this question by investigating the tradeoff between attending to proportional magnitude information and discrete numerical information about the components (termed “numerical interference”) across both spatial (i.e., area models, number lines) and symbolic (fractions, decimals) representations of proportion information. These explorations focus on young children (5-7 year olds) who have yet to receive formal fraction instruction, older children (9-12 year olds) who are in the process of learning these concepts, and adults who have already learned formal fractions. In Project 1, I investigated how older children and adults map between symbolic and spatial representations, particularly focusing on their strategies in highlighting componential information versus magnitude information when solving these mapping tasks. In Projects 2 and 3, I explore the malleability of individual differences in this numerical interference in 4- to 7-year-old children. Across the three projects, I suggest that although numerical interference does impact proportional reasoning, this over-attention to number can be reduced through modifying early experiences with proportional information. These findings have implications for education and the way we conceptualize numerical interference more generally
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
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Tsatsarelis, Charalampos. "Children's reasoning with schemes in the context of science education : studies of exemplification, analogy and transformation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021967/.
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It is clear from common experiences that abstract ideas are often difficult to understand, and that the use of concrete examples is often useful, perhaps always necessary. The research investigates some aspects of the relation between abstraction and examples: how 11-12 year old children move in their thinking between more and less generic levels; between greater and lesser degrees of abstraction; from example to generalization and vice versa, in the context of science education. The central interest is in how children use and modify concrete reasoning schemes. Its significance is in eliciting deep and implicit ideas which affect how children learn science. The empirical work consists of four related studies. The analysis is both qualitative and quantitative, in both cases looking for patterns in response. The first study explores the limitations of the boundaries of ontological categories in children's transformations of entities. Results provide evidence that ontological categories such as natural kinds and artefacts exist in thinking and that schemes are the "bridges" which can make possible even cross-ontological transformations. The second study explores the way that dimensions organise various entities and suggests a novel analysis of analogies. Results show that schemes appear in children's reasoning as packages. The presence of one scheme may predict the presence of another. Children use schemes such as "flow" and "path", which interact and modify one another. The use of examples in science teaching varies. The focus of the third study is on the analysis of examples of ideas in terms of objects which can be seen schematically. Results show that children are able to give consistent examples, in many cases different from the examples in their text books. Schemes that are used by children in the description of objects appear together across the various examples. Examples constrain the schemes children use to describe entities that take part in them. Examples work rather like metaphors. The fourth study shows that children are able to establish connections between concrete examples and generalizations. They think of some instances as better examples of ideas than others. The fit between examples and ideas is good when schemes such as `support', 'border', 'autonomous action' or better when several such anticipated schemes, are satisfied and poor when some are and some not.
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MacKay, R. Bradley. "Counterfactual reasoning in strategy context : a theoretical investigation of the role of hindsight in strategic foresight." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14062.
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The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to deepen theoretical understanding of the role that hindsight plays in foresight. The thesis argues that the past is not an isolated static state, but one that is intimately connected with the future. However, there are several biases that influence our perceptions and conceptions of the past. These biases act as constraints on strategic learning by limiting our ability to understand the driving forces that emerge from the past, play out through the present and become critical uncertainties in the future. They can result in misperceptions about events or processes, and as such, may impair foresight methodologies such as scenario thinking. Such foresightful thinking flaws are characterised by a combination of hindsight biases and creeping determinism, which result in searching for information that corresponds to people's views about both the past and the future, logical path-dependencies, misaligned dominant logics, routines, recipes and paradigms, and over-confidence and defensive pessimism. Drawing on received research in psychology, the role of counter-to-factual reasoning as a heuristic is discussed and analysed as a possible antidote to foresightful thinking flaws. The judicious use of such a heuristic device as counterfactual reasoning, both as a sense-making process and as an analytical reasoning tool applied to the analysis of historical data, the thesis concludes, is a method for investigating and discovering the past and fortifying foresightful strategic thinking.
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Al-Sultany, Ghaidaa Abdalhussein Billal. "Automatic message annotation and semantic interface for context aware mobile computing." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6564.
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In this thesis, the concept of mobile messaging awareness has been investigated by designing and implementing a framework which is able to annotate the short text messages with context ontology for semantic reasoning inference and classification purposes. The annotated metadata of text message keywords are identified and annotated with concepts, entities and knowledge that drawn from ontology without the need of learning process and the proposed framework supports semantic reasoning based messages awareness for categorization purposes. The first stage of the research is developing the framework of facilitating mobile communication with short text annotated messages (SAMS), which facilitates annotating short text message with part of speech tags augmented with an internal and external metadata. In the SAMS framework the annotation process is carried out automatically at the time of composing a message. The obtained metadata is collected from the device’s file system and the message header information which is then accumulated with the message’s tagged keywords to form an XML file, simultaneously. The significance of annotation process is to assist the proposed framework during the search and retrieval processes to identify the tagged keywords and The Semantic Web Technologies are utilised to improve the reasoning mechanism. Later, the proposed framework is further improved “Contextual Ontology based Short Text Messages reasoning (SOIM)”. SOIM further enhances the search capabilities of SAMS by adopting short text message annotation and semantic reasoning capabilities with domain ontology as Domain ontology is modeled into set of ontological knowledge modules that capture features of contextual entities and features of particular event or situation. Fundamentally, the framework SOIM relies on the hierarchical semantic distance to compute an approximated match degree of new set of relevant keywords to their corresponding abstract class in the domain ontology. Adopting contextual ontology leverages the framework performance to enhance the text comprehension and message categorization. Fuzzy Sets and Rough Sets theory have been integrated with SOIM to improve the inference capabilities and system efficiency. Since SOIM is based on the degree of similarity to choose the matched pattern to the message, the issue of choosing the best-retrieved pattern has arisen during the stage of decision-making. Fuzzy reasoning classifier based rules that adopt the Fuzzy Set theory for decision making have been applied on top of SOIM framework in order to increase the accuracy of the classification process with clearer decision. The issue of uncertainty in the system has been addressed by utilising the Rough Sets theory, in which the irrelevant and indecisive properties which affect the framework efficiency negatively have been ignored during the matching process.
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Gee, Caroline Lee-win. "Young children's evaluation of sources an investigation of social context effects /." Diss., [La Jolla, Calif.] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3344543.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 13, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Powell, Wardell Anthony. "The Effects of Emotive Reasoning on Secondary School Students' Decision-Making in the Context of Socioscientific Issues." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5385.
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The discrepancy between what students are being taught within K-12 science classrooms and what they experience in the real world has been well documented. This study sought to explore the ways a high school biology curriculum, which integrates socioscientific issues, impacts students' emotive reasoning and their ability to evaluate evidence, make informed decisions on contemporary scientific dilemmas, and integrate scientific content knowledge in their reasoning on SSI. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to examine differences within and between an SSI treatment group and a comparison group as well as individual differences among students' responses over a semester of high school biology. Results indicated students used emotions largely to evaluate evidence and make decisions on contentious scientific dilemmas. In addition, the results showed students used newly gained scientific content knowledge to make logical predictions on contentious scientific issues. Statistical significance was found between groups of students in regard to their interest in the use of embryonic stem cell treatments to restore rats' vision, as well as students' abilities to evaluate evidence. Theoretical implications regarding the use of SSI in the classroom are presented.
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Lommatsch, Christina W. "Learning Logic: A Mixed Methods Study to Examine the Effects of Context Ordering on Reasoning About Conditionals." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7011.
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Logical statements are prevalent in mathematics, the sciences, law, and many areas of everyday life. The most common logical statements are conditionals, which have the form “If H..., then C...,” where “H” is a hypothesis (or condition) to be satisfied and “C” is a conclusion to follow. Reasoning about conditionals is a skill that is only superficially understood by most individuals and depends on four main conditional contexts (e.g., intuitive, abstract, symbolic, or counterintuitive). The purpose of this study was to test a theory about the effects of context ordering on reasoning about conditionals. To test the theory, the researcher developed, tested, and revised a virtual manipulative educational mathematics application, called the Learning Logic App.
This study employed a convergent parallel mixed methods design to answer an overarching research question and two subquestions. The overarching research question was “How does the order of teaching four conditional contexts influence reasoning about conditionals?” The two subquestions examined this influence on reasoning in terms of performance and perceptions. This study involved two phases. During Phase I, 10 participants interacted with the Learning Logic App in a clinical setting. The researcher used information gathered in Phase I to revise the Learning Logic App for Phase II. During Phase II, 154 participants interacted with the Learning Logic App in a randomly assigned context ordering in an online setting. In both phases, the researcher collected quantitative and qualitative data. After independent analyses, the researcher made meta- inferences from the two data strands. The results of this study suggest that context ordering does influence learners’ reasoning. The most beneficial context ordering for learners’ performance was symbolic-intuitive-abstract-counterintuitive. The most beneficial context ordering for learners’ perceptions was intuitive-abstract-counterintuitive-symbolic. Based on these results, the researcher proposed a new context ordering: symbolic-intuitive-abstract-counterintuitive-symbolic. This progression incorporates a catalyst at the beginning (symbolic context) which aids the learner in reassessing their prior knowledge. Then, the difficulty of the contexts progresses from easiest to hardest (intuitive-abstract-counterintuitive-symbolic). These findings are important because they provide an instructional sequence for teaching and learning to reason about conditionals that is beneficial to both learners’ performance and their perceptions.
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von, der Geest Simone. "The reasoning eye : Jonathan Richardson's (1667-1745) portrait theory and practice in the context of the English Enlightenment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446746/.
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This thesis is concerned with the pictorial oeuvre of the English painter, art theorist and connoisseur Jonathan Richardson (1667-1745). It focuses on Richardson's series of portraits of John Milton, Alexander Pope, of his son Jonathan Richardson Junior and of himself as well as on his portraits of friends. Following a biographical introduction the second chapter looks into Richardson's "collection of the portraits of friends". This collection provides insight into both Richardson's world of ideas and his aptitude as a draughtsman. It not only shows that Richardson was driven by the same philosophical ideas preoccupying many thinkers of the Enlightenment, but that he used portraits as an aesthetic means in order to memorise and visualise these ideas. Chapter three is dedicated to Richardson's series of self-portraits and how they originate from the artist's deep scepticism in Locke's epistemological concept of personal identity. Considering his son as his alter ego the series of portraits of Richardson Junior constitutes an aesthetic continuation of Richardson's self-portraits examining the process of reasoning. The last two chapters are concerned with the series of portraits of Milton and Pope originating from Richardson's intellectual preoccupation with their poetical works. While interpreting Paradise Lost (1667) as the history of mankind and considering Pope's Essay on Man (1733) as a philosophical essay on human understanding, Richardson endeavoured to find a pictorial language in his portraits visualising a poetical genius that makes us "ourselves to know" {An Essay on Man, IV, 1). This comparative analysis shows that Richardson's creativity as visual artist largely originates from his intense preoccupation with Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690). Comparable with poets and philosophers of the early eighteenth century who developed the literary form of the essay to new heights, Richardson used his portrait sequences in order to visualise the disjointed nature of human understanding.
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Kwong, Kam-wong, and 鄺錦鍠. "Practical reasoning and strategic business management : towards a more pragmatic approach to entrepreneurship in the context of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/210301.
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Kwong, Kam-wong. "Practical reasoning and strategic business management towards a more pragmatic approach to entrepreneurship in the context of Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43892735.
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Beggrow, Elizabeth M. Perrin. "The effect of context on student understanding of evolution: An exploration of physical anthropology students’ reasoning about evolutionary change." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408899420.
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Coverdale, S. "Lost in SPACES : exploring the benefits and shortcomings of spatial presence and awareness as a mechanism for context reasoning." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37426/.
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Context-Aware applications make use of sensed and gathered information about a user’s state to better tailor their behaviour to the user’s needs. There are many streams of information that can be employed as context; these elements have a variety of structures and not all of them are static or fully known to developers at runtime, this can make it challenging to add new streams of context to an application and keep those streams whose structure frequently changes updated. Heterogeneity of sensor technology and information sources means two users may generate information about the same aspect of their state, their location for example, in two different formats. Although there are examples of services that can relate a value from one location sensing technology to a value from another, we lack a general service for building and reasoning about these relationships between any and all representations of context. Moreover, due to their frequent use of sensed physical information, context-aware applications also generate seams, which may cause uncertainty, error and unexpected behaviours. Developers need a simple way to think about context; one which supports the many heterogeneous types of information it comprises, allows them to update the structures of those types as they change or are discovered, gives them the means to reason about relationships between users whose devices sense the same sort of context using different technologies, and which provides them with both opportunity and means to address and respond to some of the seams arising in their applications. This work presents a spatial model for reasoning about context using presence and awareness that attempts to address the requirements above. The model is realised in a platform comprised of an API and a Context-Broker, which provides context-reasoning and relation services for applications that communicate with it via a dataspace. Using the platform to implement a location-aware game raises several issues concerning the usability and presentation of its paradigms and a seam encountered by a user playing the game. We use this as an opportunity to explore methods for analysing how underlying models, platforms and applications create meaning in pervasive and Mixed-Reality context-aware applications, and how seams operate within them. We present changes to our model and platform based on the conclusions drawn from this analysis. Our analysis of the user’s experience leads us to conclude that model paradigms must be carefully structured to support the multiple ways in which context is used, that both spatial and temporal discontinuity can create user confusion and that when mixing virtual and physical spaces it is important to communicate fully all the structures imposed upon them. Our analysis of seams leads us to the conclusion that responses to them can be usefully positioned as simple processes of disparity resolution involving the restructuring of one or more spaces or milieu involved in the application.
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Ryan, Michelle K., and M. Ryan@exeter ac uk. "A gendered self or a gendered context? A social identity approach to gender differences." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060210.091938.
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This thesis examines the way in which traditional accounts of gender differences in the self-concept have relied on distal explanatory factors, and have thus conceptualised the gendered self as stable across both time and situation. This notion of
a stable, gendered self has been implicated as underlying of a range of psychological gender differences (e.g., Cross & Madson, 1997), such as those in moral reasoning (e.g., Gillian, 1982) and ways of knowing (e.g., Belenky et al., 1989). As a result, these
behaviours are also seen to be stable across time and context.¶
An alternative perspective is investigated, which looks to social identity theory and self-categorisation theory for a conceptualisation of both gender and the self-concept
as being malleable and context-dependent (e.g., Turner et al., 1987). The social identity perspective describes the way in which proximal aspects of the social context affect the expression of gender-related behaviours, attitudes, and beliefs. In this way, the social identity perspective provides an analysis of group membership, group norms, and social influence which can not only account for the differences that are observed between men
and women, but can also offer an analysis of the context-dependence of these difference and an approach by which gender differences can be mollified.¶
A series of nine empirical studies are reported, investigating the way in which individuals (a) define themselves, (b) approach moral reasoning, and (c) approach
knowledge and learning, across a number of different social contexts. Together, the results suggest that the self-concept, moral orientation, and ways of knowing are neither
stable nor inherently gendered, but are malleable and dependent on the nature of the self-other relationship as defined by the proximal aspects of the social context. The implications for traditional theories of gender differences are discussed, as are the
broader implications for feminism and social change.
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Dargie, Waltenegus. "A Distributed Architecture for Computing Context in Mobile Devices." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1151308912028-83795.
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Context-aware computing aims at making mobile devices sensitive to the social and physical settings in which they are used. A necessary requirement to achieve this goal is to enable those devices to establish a shared understanding of the desired settings. Establishing a shared understanding entails the need to manipulate sensed data in order to capture a real world situation wholly, conceptually, and meaningfully. Quite often, however, the data acquired from sensors can be inexact, incomplete, and/or uncertain. Inexact sensing arises mostly due to the inherent limitation of sensors to capture a real world phenomenon precisely. Incompleteness is caused by the absence of a mechanism to capture certain real-world aspects; and uncertainty stems from the lack of knowledge about the reliability of the sensing sources, such as their sensing range, accuracy, and resolution. The thesis identifies a set of criteria for a context-aware system to capture dynamic real-world situations. On the basis of these criteria, a distributed architecture is designed, implemented and tested. The architecture consists of Primitive Context Servers, which abstract the acquisition of primitive contexts from physical sensors; Aggregators, to minimise error caused by inconsistent sensing, and to gather correlated primitive contexts pertaining to a particular entity or situation; a Knowledge Base and an Empirical Ambient Knowledge Component, to model dynamic properties of entities with facts and beliefs; and a Composer, to reason about dynamic real-world situations on the basis of sensed data. Two additional components, namely, the Event Handler and the Rule Organiser, are responsible for dynamically generating context rules by associating decision events ? signifying a user?s activity ? with the context in which those decision events are produced. Context-rules are essential elements with which the behaviour of mobile devices can be controlled and useful services can be provided. Four estimation and recognition schemes, namely, Fuzzy Logic, Hidden Markov Models, Dempster-Schafer Theory of Evidence, and Bayesian Networks, are investigated, and their suitability for the implementation of the components of the architecture of the thesis is studied. Subsequently, fuzzy sets are chosen to model dynamic properties of entities. Dempster-Schafer?s combination theory is chosen for aggregating primitive contexts; and Bayesian Networks are chosen to reason about a higher-level context, which is an abstraction of a real-world situation. A Bayesian Composer is implemented to demonstrate the capability of the architecture in dealing with uncertainty, in revising the belief of the Empirical Ambient Knowledge Component, in dealing with the dynamics of primitive contexts and in dynamically defining contextual states. The Composer could be able to reason about the whereabouts of a person in the absence of any localisation sensor. Thermal, relative humidity, light intensity properties of a place as well as time information were employed to model and reason about a place. Consequently, depending on the variety and reliability of the sensors employed, the Composer could be able to discriminate between rooms, corridors, a building, or an outdoor place with different degrees of uncertainty. The Context-Aware E-Pad (CAEP) application is designed and implemented to demonstrate how applications can employ a higher-level context without the need to directly deal with its composition, and how a context rule can be generated by associating the activities (decision events) of a mobile user with the context in which the decision events are produced.
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Nguyen, Phuong. "Immersing the lay self into medication reasoning : a theory of parental health behavior in the context of Asian developing countries." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E064.
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Cette étude vise à explorer et comprendre le domaine substantiel des prises de décisions parentales et son principal soucis de développer une théorie du comportement parental envers la santé des enfants dans le contexte de la vie quotidienne des pays asiatiques en développement, qui sont caractérisés par des systèmes de santé non structurés et incertains. Nous avons employés la théorie classique de méthode fondée et nous avons analysé les données collectionnées au Vietnam provenant de 34 interviews avec des parents, du personnel de pharmacie et de six thèmes liés à la santé d’un forum parental en ligne. Nous avons observé des modes de comportements qui, sous les conditions d’incertitudes de haut niveau et de méfiance dans de multiple relations sociales, vivre les normes sociales et l’identité de rôle, les parents dans les pays asiatiques en développement étendent leur soi posé dans l’informel raisonnement de la médication. Les services de santé et les médicaments ne sont pas seulement des produits ou des services mais un processus dans lequel les parents s’immergent pour construire leur expérience. Nous proposons une théorie originale de l’immersion parentale du soi posé dans le raisonnement de la médication. Nous avons défini la construction d’immerger le soi posé comme le dévouement de la mentalité des parents et l’occupation centrale des parents quant aux services de santé des enfants. Nous arguons que l’immersion du consommateur n’a pas nécessairement lieu dans des extraordinaires cadres hédoniques, mais que c’est aussi intégré dans l’expérience de la vie quotidienne des parents et que c’est reflété à travers divers contrats social et interactions dans des pays asiatiques en développement. Notre théorie proposée prévoit une meilleure compréhension des comportements de santé parentale d’immersion concernant la santé des enfants et les médicaments dans les pays en développement. La construction de l’immersion du soi posé étend le concept d’implication des services de santé et exige des études supplémentaires et une conceptualisation d’un point de vue plus étendu quant à l’implication du consommateurThis study aims to explore and understand the substantive area of parental decision-making and its main concern to develop a theory of parental behavior towards children health in an everyday life context in Asian developing countries, which are characterized by unstructured and uncertain healthcare systems. We employed classic grounded theory method and analyzed data collected in Vietnam from 34 interviews with parents and pharmacy staff and six health-related themes of a parental online forum. We observed patterns of behaviors that under the conditions of high-level uncertainties and mistrust in multiple social relationships, living the social norms and role identity, parents in Asian developing countries extend their lay selves into the informal reasoning of medication. Health care services and medications are not just products or services but a process in which parents immerse themselves to build their experience. We propose a novel theory of parental immersion of the lay self into medication reasoning. We defined the construct of immersing the lay self as the devotion of parents’ mentality and the occupancy of parents’ centrality to the health care of children. We argue that consumer immersion does not necessarily happen in extraordinary hedonic settings, but it is also embedded in the everyday life experience of parents and reflected through various social contracts and interactions in Asian developing countries. Our proposed theory provides a greater understanding of parental health behaviors of immersion regarding children’s health and medications in developing countries. The construct of lay self immersion expands the concept of healthcare involvement and requires further studies and conceptualization from a broader view of consumer involvement
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Liu, Liwei. "The implication of context and criteria information in recommender systems as applied to the service domain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-implication-of-context-and-criteria-information-in-recommender-systems-as-applied-to-the-service-domain(c3b8e170-8ae0-4e5c-a9b1-508f9c54316a).html.
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Recommender systems support online customers by suggesting products and services of likely interest to them. Research in recommender systems is now starting to recognise the importance of multiple selection criteria and the role of customer context in improving the recommendation output. This thesis investigates the inclusion of criteria and context information in the recommendation process. Firstly, a novel technique for multi-criteria recommendation is proposed. It assumes that some selection criteria for an item (product or a service) will dominate the overall rating, and that these dominant criteria will be different for different users. Following this assumption, users are clustered based on their criteria preferences, creating a “preference lattice”. The recommendation output for a user is then based on ratings by other users from the same or nearby clusters. Secondly, a context similarity metric for context aware recommendation is presented. This metric can help improve the prediction accuracy in two ways. On the one hand, the metric can guide the aggregation of the feedback from similar context to improve the prediction accuracy. This aggregation is important because the recommendation generation based on prior feedback by similar customers reduces the quantum of feedback used, resulting in a reduction in recommendation quality. On the other hand, the value returned by the context similarity metric can also be used to indicate the importance of the context information in the prediction process for a context aware recommendation.The validation of the two proposed techniques and their applications are conducted in the service domain because the relatively high degree of user involvement attracts users to provide detailed feedback from multiple perspectives, such as from criteria and context perspectives. In particular, hotel services and web services areas are selected due to their different levels of maturity in terms of users’ feedback. For each area, this thesis proposes a different recommendation approach by combining the proposed techniques with a traditional recommendation approach. The thesis concludes with experiments conducted on the datasets from the two aforementioned areas to evaluate the proposed techniques, and to demonstrate the process and the effectiveness of the techniques-based recommendation approaches.
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Gilman, Ekaterina, Anja Keskinarkaus, Satu Tamminen, Susanna Pirttikangas, Juha Röning, and Jukka Riekki. "Personalised assistance for fuel-efficient driving." Elsevier, 2015. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72830.
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Recent advances in technology are changing the way how everyday activities are performed. Technologies in the traffic domain provide diverse instruments of gathering and analysing data for more fuel-efficient, safe, and convenient travelling for both drivers and passengers. In this article, we propose a reference architecture for a context-aware driving assistant system. Moreover, we exemplify this architecture with a real prototype of a driving assistance system called Driving coach. This prototype collects, fuses and analyses diverse information, like digital map, weather, traffic situation, as well as vehicle information to provide drivers in-depth information regarding their previous trip along with personalised hints to improve their fuel-efficient driving in the future. The Driving coach system monitors its own performance, as well as driver feedback to correct itself to serve the driver more appropriately.
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Jeotee, Kunchon. "Reasoning skills, problem solving ability and academic ability : implications for study programme and career choice in the context of higher education in Thailand." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3380/.
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This thesis examines reasoning skills, problem solving ability, and academic ability from a cohort of final year university students. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influences of academic ability on reasoning skills, and problem solving ability, and vice versa, and to examine whether students from different programmes displayed significant different levels of reasoning skills and problem solving skills. In order to choose which academic programmes to use for the study Holland’s theory of ‘career personality’ was used. This research used primarily quantitative data with an additional qualitative to provide an element of a mixed methods design. The data has been collected from 333 final year students in one university in Thailand with participants following seven programmes related to Holland’s theory. The reasoning skills test was adopted from Jittachaun’s test, and the problem solving ability test was adopted from real life problems and logical problems. The content validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity were reported, and reliability, Cronbach’s Alpha, was .633. The academic ability was taken from the students’ grade point average. The most important finding is reasoning skills, and problem solving ability have some influences on each other approximately 30 percent; however, academic ability did not show much influence on the reasoning skills, and problem solving ability. This shows that academic achievement in university students in Thailand is not a good predictor of high levels of reasoning and problem solving ability. The other findings confirm the differences in those skills between students from different programmes and strengthen the case for using admission tests in Thailand for university admission. The thesis findings also reinforce the view that teaching and assessment in the Thai education system should be more involved with increasing/testing reasoning skills, and problem solving ability. In addition, the new admission system which requires different skills for different programmes is supported by this research result that different categories of programme and career need different skills.
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Raja, Harun Raja Nor Safinas Bt. "An ethnographic study of classroom discourse and its relationship with an English as a second language (ESL) student teacher's reasoning : a Malaysian context." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430563.
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Mofu, Zanele Abegail. "An investigation of a mathematics recovery programme for multiplicative reasoning to a group of learners in the South African context : a case study approach." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013333.
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This thesis describes an intervention using the Mathematics Recovery programme in a South African context with a small sample of Grade 4 learners. The study uses a qualitative case study approach. The data collection included video recorded one-to-one oral interviews with the learners. I used the Learning Framework in Number (LFIN) developed by Wright, Martland, Stafford and Stanger (2006) to profile the learners using pre and post intervention interview data and to determine their levels of multiplicative reasoning. The analysis showed the positive impact of the Mathematics Recovery programme on the improvement of multiplicative reasoning. The study contributes to the use of Mathematics Recovery programmes in South Africa from both a teacher and teacher educator perspective.
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Sabri, Lyazid. "Modèles sémantiques et raisonnements réactif et narratif, pour la gestion du contexte en intelligence ambiante et en robotique ubiquitaire." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1095/document.
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Avec l'apparition des paradigmes des systèmes ubiquitaires ou omniprésents et de l'intelligence ambiante, on assiste à l'émergence d'un nouveau domaine de recherche visant à créer des environnements ou écosystèmes intelligents pouvant offrir une multitude de services permettant d'améliorer la qualité de vie, l'état physique et mental, et le bien-être social des usagers. Dans cette thèse, nous nous focalisons sur la problématique de la représentation sémantique des connaissances et du raisonnement dans le cadre des systèmes à intelligence ambiante et des robots ubiquitaires. Nous proposons deux modèles sémantiques permettant d'améliorer les fonctions cognitives de ces systèmes en termes de gestion du contexte. Au premier modèle, de type ontologique, sont associés un langage de règles et un raisonnement réactif pour la sensibilité au contexte. Pour prendre en compte le caractère dynamique du contexte et assurer une prise de décision cohérente, le mode de raisonnement retenu garantit deux propriétés essentielles : la décidabilité et la non-monotonie. Le deuxième modèle, également de type ontologique, complète le modèle précédent en termes d'expressivité pour la représentation de contextes non-triviaux et/ou liés au temps. Il s'appuie sur des relations n-aires et une représentation narrative des événements pour inférer des causalités entre événements et reconnaitre des contextes complexes non-observables à partir d'événements passés et courants. Les modèles proposés ont été mis en oeuvre et validés sur la plateforme ubiquitaire d'expérimentation du LISSI à partir de trois scenarii d'assistance cognitive et de reconnaissance de contexteWith the appearance of the paradigms of ubiquitous systems and ambient intelligence, a new domain of research is emerging with the aim of creating intelligent environments and ecosystems, that can provide multiple services that can improve quality of life, the physical and mental status and the social wellness of the users. In this thesis, we address the problem of semantic knowledge representation and reasoning, in the context of ambient intelligent systems and ubiquitous robots. We propose two semantic models that improve the cognitive functions of these systems, in terms of context recognition, and context adaptation. The first one is an ontology-based model, which is associated with a rule language to model reactive reasoning process on contextual knowledge. To take into account the dynamicity of context and insure coherent decision-making, this process guarantees two essential properties: decidability and non-monotonic reasoning. The second model is also an ontology-based model that completes the previous model in terms of expressiveness for semantic representation of non-trivial contexts with temporal dimension It is based on n-ary relations and a narrative representation of events for inferring causalities between events, and therefore to build the chronological context of a situation as from past and current events. The proposed models have been implemented on the ubiquitous experimental platform of LISSI, and validated through three scenarios for cognitive assistance and context recognition
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Trinh, Viet. "CONTEXTUALIZING OBSERVATIONAL DATA FOR MODELING HUMAN PERFORMANCE." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2747.
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This research focuses on the ability to contextualize observed human behaviors in efforts to automate the process of tactical human performance modeling through learning from observations. This effort to contextualize human behavior is aimed at minimizing the role and involvement of the knowledge engineers required in building intelligent Context-based Reasoning (CxBR) agents. More specifically, the goal is to automatically discover the context in which a human actor is situated when performing a mission to facilitate the learning of such CxBR models. This research is derived from the contextualization problem left behind in Fernlund's research on using the Genetic Context Learner (GenCL) to model CxBR agents from observed human performance [Fernlund, 2004]. To accomplish the process of context discovery, this research proposes two contextualization algorithms: Contextualized Fuzzy ART (CFA) and Context Partitioning and Clustering (COPAC). The former is a more naive approach utilizing the well known Fuzzy ART strategy while the latter is a robust algorithm developed on the principles of CxBR. Using Fernlund's original five drivers, the CFA and COPAC algorithms were tested and evaluated on their ability to effectively contextualize each driver's individualized set of behaviors into well-formed and meaningful context bases as well as generating high-fidelity agents through the integration with Fernlund's GenCL algorithm. The resultant set of agents was able to capture and generalized each driver's individualized behaviors.Ph.D.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Engineering PhD
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Guimarães, Leonardo Lira. "Inferência de contexto para dispositivos móveis utilizando aprendizagem por reforço." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2015. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4243.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Advances in wireless communication and computer hardware technologies have boosted the popularity of mobile devices. Increasingly, these devices gain new features of hardware (i.e., sensors and other gadgets) and software (e.g., facial, voice and gestures recognition) so that the human-computer interaction can occur more naturally. These features allowed a greater awareness of the environment and the conditions under which the users are, enabling the development of applications ever more proactive and sensitive. A context aware system can modify its behavior according to the inferred context of the environment. However, erroneous interpretations of the collected data may induce inappropriate and unwanted actions in applications. Although there is variety of inference techniques in the literature (e.g., rules, ontologies, that uses supervised and unsupervised learning), generally, they do not consider whether the inferences were indeed suitable to the user contexts. Furthermore, most of these techniques uses static inference models (i.e., they are unable to adjust themselves to changes in the environment conditions), which represents a limitation of these techniques when applied to the field of mobile applications. This work proposes a new context reasoning technique for mobile applications – called CoRe-RL – which uses reinforcement learning in order that the produced inferences could be ever more suitable to the user’s contexts. In this technique, learning occurs in an incremental manner and as the user interacts with the system, allowing the inference to be adjusted by the rewards (positive reinforcements) and punishments (negative reinforcements) associated to the inferred contexts. As the contexts are continuously being learned, the proposed technique also allows a flexible context management to the applications, which enables new contexts (labels) to be registered and learned over time. The operation of the technique is divided into two stages – classification and adaptation. The CoRe-RL uses a modified version of the K nearest neighbors in the classification stage. The learning (adaptation) stage is based on examples, but also makes adjustments on the models (features ranking) which weigh the most relevant xv features of each context in the classification stage. In order to validate and evaluate the proposed technique, it was developed, as a case study of this work, an application that implements all of the functionality and capabilities of CoRe-RL. Through this application, practical experiments for evaluating the classification and adaptation were executed in two specific scenarios: there was a single context in the first scenario; and in the second, there were three. Through the practical experiments, it was observed that, in accordance to the cutting threshold used, it is possible to obtain good performances in the classification even with a small base and with a slightly adjusted ranking. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the CoRe-RL improves its performance, converging to the optimal performance, in accordance to the occurrence of new interactions.
Os avanços das tecnologias de comunicação sem fio e de hardware impulsionaram a popularização do uso de dispositivos móveis. Cada vez mais, estes dispositivos ganham novos recursos de hardware (i.e., sensores e outros gadgets) e software (e.g., reconhecimento facial, de voz, gestos) a fim de que a interação humano-computador ocorra de forma mais natural. Esses recursos deram aos dispositivos móveis uma capacidade maior de percepção do ambiente e das condições nas quais os usuários se encontram, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de aplicações cada vez mais proativas e sensíveis ao contexto. Um sistema sensível ao contexto é capaz de modificar seu comportamento de acordo com os contextos inferidos do ambiente. Entretanto, interpretações errôneas dos dados coletados podem induzir ações inapropriadas e indesejadas nas aplicações. Embora exista uma variedade de técnicas de inferência na literatura (e.g., regras, ontologias, que utilizam aprendizagem supervisionada e não supervisionada), em geral, elas não consideram se as inferências foram de fato adequadas para os contextos do usuário. Além disso, a maioria dessas técnicas utiliza modelos estáticos de inferência (i.e., que não são capazes de se ajustar à mudanças nas condições do ambiente), o que representa uma limitação dessas técnicas quando aplicadas ao domínio das aplicações móveis. Neste trabalho, é proposta uma nova técnica de inferência de contexto para aplicações móveis – chamada de CoRe-RL – que utiliza aprendizagem por reforço a fim de que sejam produzidas inferências cada vez mais adequadas aos contextos do usuário. Nesta técnica, a aprendizagem ocorre de maneira incremental e conforme o usuário interage com o sistema, permitindo que a inferência seja ajustada por meio de recompensas (reforços positivos) e punições (reforços negativos) associadas aos contextos inferidos. Como os contextos estão continuamente sendo aprendidos, a técnica proposta também permite às aplicações um gerenciamento flexível de contextos, ou seja, é possível que novos contextos (rótulos) sejam cadastrados e aprendidos ao longo do tempo. O funcionamento da técnica é divido em duas etapas – classificação e adapxiii tação. O CoRe-RL utiliza o método dos K vizinhos mais próximos (modificado) na classificação. A aprendizagem (adaptação) é baseada em exemplos, mas também faz ajustes sobre os modelos (ranking de características) que ponderam as características mais relevantes de cada contexto, na etapa de classificação. Com o intuito de testar e avaliar o desempenho da técnica proposta, foi desenvolvido, como estudo de caso deste trabalho, um aplicativo que implementa todas as funcionalidades e recursos do CoRe-RL. Através deste aplicativo, foram realizados experimentos práticos de avaliação da classificação e adaptação, em dois cenários específicos: no primeiro cenário havia um único contexto; e no segundo haviam três. Por meio dos experimentos práticos, observou-se que, de acordo com o limiar de corte usado, é possível obter bons desempenhos na classificação mesmo com uma base pequena e com um ranking pouco ajustado. Além disso, demonstrou-se que o CoRe-RL melhora seu desempenho, convergindo para o desempenho ótimo, de acordo com a ocorrência das interações.
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Zwozdiak-Myers, Paula. "An analysis of the concept reflective practice and an investigation into the development of student teachers’ reflective practice within the context of action research." Thesis, Brunel University, 2009. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4316.
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In recent decades, reflective practice has become a key driver and an increasingly influential referent in the professional development of student teachers. Yet, the complex, somewhat elusive boundaries of reflective practice make this phenomenon difficult to define. The purpose of this study was to analyse and synthesise existing literature and research in order to better understand the multi-faceted nature of reflective practice. From an informed platform, a new conceptual framework was designed both to capture and investigate nine dimensions of reflective practice in which student teachers could demonstrate capacity and commitment. Eighty year 4 student teachers, who had undertaken action research projects during their final school experience, and thirteen university lecturers, who had guided the student teachers throughout this enterprise, were participants in this study. Data were gathered through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews that incorporated a series of closed and open-ended responses. Quantitative data were analysed to calculate statistical frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations; and, qualitative data via analytic induction methods to identify common themes and to extract narratives of experience. Findings showed that a majority (>90%) of student teachers perceived their capacity and commitment to engage in six dimensions of reflective practice [and most (>80%) in eight] had influenced their professional development. These perceptions were not wholly congruent with those of dissertation supervisors with variance between supervisors also evident. Qualitative distinctions, in the use of three types of reflective conversation, were found between male and female student teachers and within each gender group. Several constraints in the development of student teachers’ reflective practice also emerged. Further research is recommended into: what evidence and criteria shape judgments about reflective practice; how school-based staff might effectively support student teachers’ development of reflective practice; and, how the framework designed for this study might be replicated and refined to enhance reflective practice in personal professional development across disciplines.
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Marroquín, Cortez Roberto Enrique. "Context-aware intelligent video analysis for the management of smart buildings." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK040/document.
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Les systèmes de vision artificielle sont aujourd'hui limités à l'extraction de données issues de ce que les caméras « voient ». Cependant, la compréhension de ce qu'elles voient peut être enrichie en associant la connaissance du contexte et la connaissance d'interprétation d'un humain.Dans ces travaux de thèse, nous proposons une approche associant des algorithmes de vision atificielle à une modélisation sémantique du contexte d'acquisition.Cette approche permet de réaliser un raisonnement sur la connaissance extraite des images par les caméras en temps réel. Ce raisonnement offre une réponse aux problèmes d'occlusion et d'erreurs de détections inhérents aux algorithmes de vision artificielle. Le système complet permet d'offrir un ensemble de services intelligents (guidage, comptage...) tout en respectant la vie privée des personnes observées. Ces travaux forment la première étape du développement d'un bâtiment intelligent qui peut automatiquement réagir et évoluer en observant l'activité de ces usagers, i.e., un bâtiment intelligent qui prend en compte les informations contextuelles.Le résultat, nommé WiseNET, est une intelligence artificielle en charge des décisions au niveau du bâtiment (qui pourrait être étendu à un groupe de bâtiments ou même a l'échelle d'un ville intelligente). Elle est aussi capable de dialoguer avec l'utilisateur ou l'administrateur humain de manière expliciteTo date, computer vision systems are limited to extract digital data of what the cameras "see". However, the meaning of what they observe could be greatly enhanced by environment and human-skills knowledge.In this work, we propose a new approach to cross-fertilize computer vision with contextual information, based on semantic modelization defined by an expert.This approach extracts the knowledge from images and uses it to perform real-time reasoning according to the contextual information, events of interest and logic rules. The reasoning with image knowledge allows to overcome some problems of computer vision such as occlusion and missed detections and to offer services such as people guidance and people counting. The proposed approach is the first step to develop an "all-seeing" smart building that can automatically react according to its evolving information, i.e., a context-aware smart building.The proposed framework, named WiseNET, is an artificial intelligence (AI) that is in charge of taking decisions in a smart building (which can be extended to a group of buildings or even a smart city). This AI enables the communication between the building itself and its users to be achieved by using a language understandable by humans
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Ayari, Naouel. "Modélisation des connaissances et raisonnement à base d'ontologies spatio-temporelles : application à la robotique ambiante d'assistance." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1023.
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Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un cadre générique pour la modélisation et la gestion du contexte dans le cadre des systèmes intelligents ambiants et robotiques. Les connaissances contextuelles considérées sont de plusieurs types et issues de perceptions multimodales : connaissances spatiales et/ou temporelles, changement d’états et de propriétés d’entités, énoncés en langage naturel. Pour ce faire, nous avons proposé une extension du langage NKRL (Narrative Knowledge Representation and Reasoning) pour parvenir à une représentation unifiée des connaissances contextuelles qu’elles soient spatiales, temporelles ou spatio-temporelles et effectuer les raisonnements associés. Nous avons exploité l’expressivité des ontologies n-aires sur lesquelles repose le langage NKRL pour pallier aux problèmes rencontrés dans les approches de représentation des connaissances spatiales et dynamiques à base d’ontologies binaires, communément utilisées en intelligence ambiante et en robotique. Il en résulte une modélisation plus riche, plus fine et plus cohérente du contexte permettant une meilleure adaptation des services d’assistance à l’utilisateur dans le cadre des systèmes intelligents ambiants et robotiques. La première contribution concerne la modélisation des connaissances spatiales et/ou temporelles et des changements de contexte, et les inférences spatiales, temporelles ou spatio-temporelles. La deuxième contribution concerne, quant à elle, le développement d’une méthodologie permettant d’effectuer un traitement syntaxique et une annotation sémantique pour extraire, à partir d’un énoncé en langage naturel, des connaissances contextuelles spatiales ou temporelles en NKRL. Ces contributions ont été validées et évaluées en termes de performances (temps de traitement, taux d’erreurs, et taux de satisfaction des usagers) dans le cadre de scénarios mettant en œuvre différentes formes de services : assistance au bien-être, assistance de type aide sociale, assistance à la préparation d’un repasIn this thesis, we propose a generic framework for modeling and managing the context in ambient and robotic intelligent systems. The contextual knowledge considered is of several types and derived from multimodal perceptions : spatial and / or temporal knowledge, change of states and properties of entities, statements in natural language. To do this, we proposed an extension of the Narrative Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (NKRL) language to reach a unified representation of contextual knowledge whether spatial, temporal or spatio-temporal and perform the associated reasoning. We have exploited the expressiveness of the n-ary ontologies on which the NKRL language is based to bearing on the problems encountered in the spatial and dynamic knowledge representation approaches based on binary ontologies, commonly used in ambient intelligence and robotics. The result is a richer, finer and more coherent modeling of the context allowing a better adaptation of user assistance services in the context of ambient and robotic intelligent systems. The first contribution concerns the modeling of spatial and / or temporal knowledge and contextual changes, and spatial, temporal or spatial-temporal inferences. The second contribution concerns the development of a methodology allowing to carry out a syntactic treatment and a semantic annotation to extract, from a statement in natural language, spatial or temporal contextual knowledge in NKRL. These contributions have been validated and evaluated in terms of performance (processing time, error rate, and user satisfaction rate) in scenarios involving different forms of services: wellbeing assistance, social assistance, assistance with the preparation of a meal
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Giustozzi, Franco. "STEaMINg : semantic time evolving models for industry 4.0 Stream reasoning to improve decision-making in cognitive systems Smart condition monitoring for industry 4.0 manufacturing processes: an ontology-based approach." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMIR13.
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Dans l'industrie 4.0, les machines des usines sont équipées de capteurs qui collectent des données pour une surveillance efficace de l'état des équipements. C’est une tâche difficile car elle nécessite l’intégration et le traitement de données hétérogènes provenant de différentes sources, avec des résolutions temporelles et des significations sous-jacentes différentes. Les ontologies apparaissent comme une méthode pertinente pour traiter l’intégration des données et pour représenter la connaissance de manière interprétable par les machines grâce à la construction de modèles sémantiques. De plus, la surveillance des processus industriels dépend du contexte dynamique de leur exécution. Dans ces circonstances, le modèle sémantique lui-même doit évoluer afin de représenter dans quelle(s) situation(s) se trouve(nt) la ou les ressources pendant l’exécution de ses tâches pour soutenir la prise de décision. Cette thèse étudie l’utilisation des méthodes de représentation des connaissances pour construire un modèle sémantique évolutif qui représente le domaine industriel, en mettant l’accent sur la modélisation du contexte pour fournir la notion de situationIn Industry 4.0, factory assets and machines are equipped with sensors that collect data for effective condition monitoring. This is a difficult task since it requires the integration and processing of heterogeneous data from different sources, with different temporal resolutions and underlying meanings. Ontologies have emerged as a pertinent method to deal with data integration and to represent manufacturing knowledge in a machine-interpretable way through the construction of semantic models. Moreover, the monitoring of industrial processes depends on the dynamic context of their execution. Under these circumstances, the semantic model must evolve in order to represent in which situation(s) a resource is in during the execution of its tasks to support decision making. This thesis studies the use of knowledge representation methods to build an evolving semantic model that represents the industrial domain, with an emphasis on context modeling to provide the notion of situation
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Maranhão, Guilherme Melo e. "Interpretação e disseminação de contexto: filtragem semântica, projeto arquitetural e estudo de caso em saúde." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4750.
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Context-aware computing investigates how to seamlessly enable the interaction among computing devices and the environment, or context, in which they are located in. The literature has defined the life cycle of context data as composed of four phases: acquisition, modelling, reasoning and dissemination. These latter two phases have been strongly influenced by the heterogeneity of published data, as a consequence of the increasing deployment of sensors. A great challenge reported in the literature has been the development of mechanisms for handling and reasoning about sensor data, and also for notifying contextaware applications in an efficient and relevant manner. Aiming to solve this problem, this research focuses on a new approach for semantic context reasoning and filtering in accordance with design principles recommended by the literature. As a result of this work, the main contributions include an extensible and maintainable mechanism for semantic context filtering; the architectural model of a context reasoning component, called Hermes Interpreter (HI); the Hermes Base component, which exposes an API for accessing a publish-subscribe-based communication middleware; and HI’s functional validation and performance evaluation in a simulated scenario of vital signs monitoring in Intensive Care Units and wards. This research demonstrated the efficiency of the behaviour of the semantic filtering mechanism for end users applications. Besides, by increasing the number of subscribers, it was observed that the response time was acceptable in almost all experiments. Despite this, it was also verified the high cost of the semantic filtering processing in comparison with pure context reasoning activities. Regarding the HI component’s architectural design, this work recommends it as a reusable artifact for researches on the subject of context reasoning.
A computação sensível a contexto é a área da Ciência da Computação que estuda os meios para possibilitar a interação entre dispositivos computacionais e o ambiente, ou contexto, em que estão inseridos. Para promover essa interação, a literatura define quatro etapas para o ciclo de vida da informação de contexto: aquisição, modelagem, interpretação e disseminação. Dentre essas etapas, as de interpretação e disseminação têm sido fortemente impactadas pela heterogeneidade dos dados publicados, resultante da crescente implantação de sensores. Criar mecanismos para manipular e interpretar essas informações e depois notificá-las de maneira eficiente e com relevância para as aplicações sensíveis a contexto tem sido um desafio reportado pela ciência. Diante do problema apresentado, esse trabalho objetiva alinhar os princípios de projeto recomendados pela literatura com uma proposta de abordagem para interpretação e filtragem de contexto fundamentados em modelagem contextual semântica. Portanto, as principais contribuições deste trabalho incluem um mecanismo extensível e manutenível de filtragem semântica de contexto; o modelo arquitetural de um componente interpretador de contexto, denominado Hermes Interpreter, desenvolvido a partir de princípios de projeto defendidos da literatura; o componente Hermes Base, que expõe API de acesso para um middleware de comunicação, que opera sob o paradigma publish/subscribe; e por último, validações funcionais e de desempenho do Hermes Interpreter em cenário de simulação de monitoramento de sinais vitais de pacientes em UTIs e enfermarias. Por meio delas, comprovou-se a eficiência do mecanismo de filtragem para notificar de maneira precisa e eficiente os dados relevantes para os usuários. Além disso, observou-se que, devido a características de implementação, por maior que seja a quantidade de assinantes, o tempo de resposta foi aceitável em praticamente todos os experimentos. Apesar disso, constatou-se o alto custo do processamento de filtros em comparação às atividades puramente de interpretação de contexto. Por último, o projeto arquitetural do componente constitui um artefato reutilizável para pesquisas na área de intepretação de contexto.
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Zahra, Daniel. "Mood, emotive content, and reasoning." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1490.
Full textAbstract:
Theories of how individuals reason, and how they experience emotion abound in the psychological literature; yet, despite the common lay-theories of how emotions might affect a person’s reasoning, very little empirical work has been conducted on this relationship. The current thesis addresses this knowledge-gap by first distilling from the literature two classes of emotion theory; Information, and Load; and then systematically testing the explanatory power of these theories. A dual-process framework is employed in order to define low (Type One) and high effort (Type Two) strategies. Information theories predict that negative emotion cues more analytic processing relative to positive emotion, whereas load theories predict both positive and negative emotion to suppress use of high-effort strategies. Thus the two theories are compared by varying incidental and integral emotion across syllogistic reasoning, conditional reasoning, and the ratio-bias task, and assessing the engagement of Type One and Type Two processes across positive emotion, negative emotion, and control conditions. The findings suggest that emotion effects in syllogistic reasoning do not consistently support either Load or Information theories (Experiments 1-4). Emotion effects are found to be typically larger for integral than incidental emotion (Experiment 5), and most frequently serve as Information in verbal (Experiments 6 and 7) and visual conditional reasoning tasks (Experiment 8). Furthermore, these effects are to a large extent dependent on task properties such as the number of alternative antecedents (Experiments 9 and 10), and are greater on more difficult tasks (Experiments 11 and 12). These findings suggest that emotion has a greater impact on Type Two than Type One processes. A range of methodological and theoretical implications which will inform future work in this area are also discussed in the closing chapter.