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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contextualité'
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1
Sohbi, Adel. "Etude de tests du caractère quantique de systèmes de dimension supérieur à deux dans des conditions réalistes." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0083/document.
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Le sujet de cette thèse est une étude de tests du caractère quantique des systèmes de dimension supérieure à deux dans des conditions réalistes. La non-localité est une des propriétés quantiques utile pour des protocoles du domaine des communications quantiques. L’étude réalisée sur les effets de la décohérence (modèles de conditions réalistes) permet de rendre compte des moyens à mettre en oeuvre afin d’optimiser la conservation de la non-localité en pratique. La contextualité est une autre propriété quantique fondamentale avec un potentiel dans le domaine de traitement d’information quantique. Un test de contextualité a été développé pour toutes les dimensions de systèmes quantiques supérieures à deux. Une expérience prenant en compte les enjeux expérimentaux des tests de contextualité est aussi proposée<br>The subject of this thesis is a study of tests of the quantum features of systems of dimension greater than two under realistic conditions. Non-locality is one of the quantum properties used in protocols in the field of quantum communications. The study on the effects of the decoherence (models ofrealistic conditions) address the issue of the conservation of non-locality in practice. Contextuality is another fundamental quantum property with a potential power in quantum information processing. A contextuality test has been developed for all dimensions of quantum systems greater than two. An experiment that considers the experimental issues of contextuality tests is also proposed
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Laversanne-Finot, Adrien. "Contextuality and nonlocality in continuous variable systems." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC220/document.
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La mécanique quantique présente des propriétés étonnantes qui n'ont pas d'équivalent en physique classique. Ces propriétés sont au cœur des applications possibles de la mécanique quantique. Le thème principal de cette thèse est l'étude de deux des propriétés fondamentales de la mécanique quantique: la non-localité et la contextualité. Dans ce cadre, nous poursuivrons deux objectifs: premièrement, nous étudierons comment certains résultats obtenus pour les systèmes discrets peuvent être étendus aux systèmes décrits par des variables continues; deuxièmement nous étudierons comment il est possible de tester ces deux propriétés dans les systèmes quantiques décrits par des variables continues.Dans une première partie, nous étudions l'ensemble des distributions de probabilités locales et ``no-signaling'', c'est à dire qui ne permettent pas de transmettre d'information. Nous commençons par traduire le problème en terme de contraintes sur des espaces de mesures de probabilité. Nous introduisons ensuite un ensemble de mesures de probabilité qui sont les analogues en variables continues des probabilités découvertes par Popescu et Rohrlich dans le cas discret. Enfin, nous caractérisons l'ensemble des mesures de probabilité ``no-signaling''. Plus précisément, nous montrons que les mesures introduites sont des points extrémaux de l'ensemble des mesures de probabilité ``no-signaling'' et que leur enveloppe convexe est dense dans l'ensemble des mesures de probabilité ``no-signaling''. Dans une seconde partie nous nous intéressons à une preuve de la contextualité de la mécanique quantique dans une formulation qui ne dépend pas de l'état. Plus particulièrement, concernant l'inégalité de non-contextualité de Peres-Mermin, nous montrons qu'il est possible de la généraliser pour des observables définies sur des espaces de Hilbert de dimension arbitraire, voire infinie. Cette généralisation nous permet d'identifier les propriétés communes des observables qui conduisent à une violation maximale de l'inégalité de Peres-Mermin.En dernier lieu, nous nous intéressons à des états intriqués du champ électromagnétique de deux cavités. Ces états sont non-locaux et violent une inégalité de Bell formée de mesures de la parité déplacée. Nous étudions comment ces états peuvent être préparés et mesurés expérimentalement. Enfin, nous analysons l'effet des imperfections expérimentales et des pertes<br>Quantum mechanics has many intriguing properties that have no-classical analogs. These properties are at the heart of many quantum information protocols which offer the possibility to outperform their classical counterparts. This thesis is devoted to an investigation of two of the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics: non-locality and contextuality. The goal of this thesis is twofold. Firstly we will study how known results for discrete systems can be extended to continuous variables systems. Secondly, we will investigate how these properties can be tested in quantum systems characterized by continuous variables.Our work starts with an investigation of the set of local and no-signaling probability distributions. We develop a formalism for generic no-signaling black-box measurement devices with continuous outputs in terms of probability measures. We introduce the continuous-variable version of the famous Popescu-Rohrlich boxes and show that they violate the Tsirelson bound of an adequate continuous-variable Bell inequality. Finally, we perform a characterization of the geometry of the set of continuous-variable no-signaling correlations. More precisely, we show that the convex hull of those boxes is dense in the no-signaling set.We then study the contextuality of Quantum Mechanics in a state independent formulation. In particular, we study the Peres-Mermin state independent non-contextuality inequality, and show how it is possible to generalize the Peres-Mermin inequality to scenarios involving observables with an arbitrary number of outcomes. Specifically, we identify general conditions on the spectral decomposition of observables demonstrating state independent contextuality of quantum mechanics in this scenario.Lastly, we explore the non-local properties of entangled cat states, made of superpositions of coherent states stored in two spatially separated cavities. We show that even when taking into account the experimental imperfections such as the losses, a violation of local-realism is still possible, in the form of a violation of an appropriate Bell inequality
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Ketterer, Andreas. "Modular variables in quantum information." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC290/document.
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L’information quantique peut être traitée de deux manières fondamentalement différentes: à l’aide de variables discrètes ou continues. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions de manière théorique la réalisation de protocoles d’information quantique dans les systèmes caractérisés par des variables continues. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons les variables modulaires comme outil afin de révéler des structures discrètes dans les états, opérations et observables. Le présent travail est fortement motivé par l’applicabilité expérimentale de nos idées dans des expériences d’optique quantique. Le thème principal de cette thèse est la formulation d’un cadre pour le traitement quantique de l’information dans l’espace des phases grâce aux variables modulaires. L’usage des variables modulaires permet d’encoder des états logique dans des espaces de Hilbert de dimension infinie et de définir des opérations qui permettent de les manipuler. En particulier, nous considérons des protocoles qui impliquent des mesures de variables modulaires qui permettent la lecture d’information discrète codée dans des variables continues. Grâce à ce formalisme, nous montrons comment il est possible de réaliser des tests des propriétés fondamentales de la mécanique quantique comme l’intrication, la non-localité ou la contextualité dans des espaces de Hilbert de dimensions finie ou infinie. Ensuite, nous discutons pourquoi les degrés de liberté transverse des photons sont des candidats naturels pour l’implémentation expérimentale des variables modulaires. À cet effet, nous démontrons comment il est possible d’utiliser l’effet Talbot - un effet d’interférence de champ proche - afin d’encoder de l’information discrète dans la distribution spatiales des photons. Finalement, nous montrons pour la première fois comment produire des photons intriqués de dimension arbitraire de manière déterministe en utilisant la conversion paramétrique et des éléments d’optique linéaire<br>Quantum information can be processed in two fundamentally different ways, using either discrete- or continuous-variable implementations. In this thesis we study theoretically how to implement discrete quantum information protocols in physical objects characterized by continuous variables. In order to do so we use modular variables as a helpful tool to reveal discrete structures in continuous-variable states, operations and observables. The present work is strongly guided by the experimental applicability of our ideas in quantum optics experiments, with a particular focus on the transverse degrees of freedom of single photons. One of the main themes of this thesis is the formulation of a framework for quantum information processing in phase-space based on the use of modular variables. The latter permit us to introduce logical states and operations allowing to manipulate discrete quantum information encoded in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. In particular, we consider protocols that involve measurements of judiciously chosen logical observables enabling the readout of the encoded discrete quantum information. Based on this framework we show how to perform tests of fundamental properties of quantum mechanics, such as entanglement, Bell nonlocality and contextuality, in Hilbert spaces of various dimensions. Further on, we discuss the transverse degrees of freedom of single photons as a natural platform to manipulate and measure modular variables. In particular, we demonstrate how to process discrete quantum information encoded in the spatial distribution of single photons via the optical Talbot effect - a near-field interference effect. Finally, we show for the first time how to produce deterministically d-dimensional entangled photon pairs using spontaneous parametric down-conversion and linear optical elements only
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Delbaere, Denis. "Table rase et paysage : projet d'urbanisme et contextualité spatiale dans le Plan Voisin de Le Corbusier (1925) et la cité Concorde de Le Maresquier (1954)." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0144.
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On explore ici le "degré zéro de la contextualité en urbanisme" dans deux projets contrastés, bâtis tout deux sur une table rase : le Plan Voisin (Le Corbusier, 1925), la cité Concorde (Le Maresquier, 1954). Textes et figures sont étudiés du point de vue de leur histoire (le débat urbanistique des années 20 et la politique des grands ensembles dans les années 50), puis de leurs "scènes énonciatives". On montre comment les règles d'un "traité d'urbanisme" (Plan Voisin), ou d'un "dossier de concours (Concorde) énoncent la contextualité des deux projets. La recherche considère aussi la "scénographie" manifestée par l'iconographie. Des outils d'analyse des figures sont mis en place. On découvre, au-delà des différences, une contextualité commune anticipant sur l'inadéquation entre projet et lieu, par la création d'un infralieu, moyen terme virtuel créé par le jeu de la figuration, au terme d'un processus discret d'évitement, de translation et d'inversion des aspects sélectionnés du lieu<br>In this work, we are exploring what we call "the minimum de gree of contextuality in urbanism" with the study of two contrasted projects, both built on a "tabula rasa" : the Plan Voisin in Paris (Le Corbusier, 1925) and the Concorde housing district in Lille (Le Maresquier, 1954). The texts and the figures are studied first from the point of view of their history and then of their "stating scene". We show how the rules for a "treatise on urbanism" (Plan Voisin) or the rules for an "architectural contest's file" (Concorde) are stating both project's contextuality. Tools are set up for the analysis of figures, And, beyond differences, a comon contextuality appears which is anticipating the inadequation between the project and the place it's located on. This is achived by creating an "infralieu", meaning a virtual middle course issued by the figuration, after a discreet process of avoiding, transfering and reversing selected aspects of the place chosen for the project
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Ruseckaitė, Indrė. "Vilnius city planning: aspect of contextuality." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130218_142158-96094.
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The research subject covers expression of Contextualism ideas and contextuality attributes in the planning of Vilnius city from 1790 to 1990. The main objective of the present paper is to define the expression attributes of the contextuality aspect in the development areas of Vilnius city from 1790 to 1990 as well as to identify the preservation and elaboration methods thereof. To achieve the objective of the research, the following tasks shall be carried out: analysis of the conception of urban, sociocultural and conceptual Contextualism and attributes of contextuality; definition of urban contextuality expression in the areas of Vilnius city developed from 1790 to 1990; identification of the change of urban contextuality attributes in soviet residential districts of Vilnius in the 21st century; highlighting of ways for stimulating sociocultural and conceptual contextuality in further modernisation of the soviet residential districts of Vilnius. The paper consists of an introduction, three sections, conclusions, a list of the references used and a list of author’s publications on the subject of the dissertation. The conception of Contextualism in the architectural theory, the definitions of models of urban, sociocultural, conceptual Contextualism and the attributes of contextuality are analysed in the first chapter. The display of the features of contextuality in the surrounding areas designed in 19–20th century are studied in the second chapter. The third chapter is... [to full text]<br>Disertacinio darbo tyrimo objektas – tai kontekstualizmo idėjų ir kontekstualumo požymių raiška 1790–1990 m. Vilniaus miesto planavimo koncepcijose ir suformuotose miesto dalyse. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti Vilniaus miesto dalių, suformuotų 1790–1990 m., kontekstualumo požymius, jų išsaugojimo bei plėtojimo XXI a. būdus. Darbo tikslui pasiekti darbe sprendžiami šie uždaviniai: išnagrinėti urbanistinio, sociokultūrinio ir konceptualiojo kontekstualizmo samprata ir kontekstualumo požymius; nustatyti urbanistinio kontekstualumo požymių raiška Vilniaus miesto dalyse, suformuotose 1790–1990 m.; nustatyti urbanistinio kontekstualumo požymiu kaita Vilniaus sovietmečio gyvenamuosiuose rajonuose XXI a.; identifikuoti sociokultūrinio kontekstualumo katalizatorių taikymo galimybes modernizuojant Vilniaus sovietmečio gyvenamuosius rajonus. Disertacija sudaro įvadas, trys skyriai, skyrių apibendrinimai, bendrosios išvados, naudotos literatūros ir autorės publikacijų disertacijos tema sąrašai. Pirmajame skyriuje aptariama kontekstualizmo samprata ir apibrėžiami urbanistinio, sociokultūrinio ir konceptualiojo kontekstualizmo modeliai, kontekstualumo požymiai. Antrajame skyriuje nagrinėjama urbanistinio kontekstualumo požymių raiška XIX–XX a. suformuotose Vilniaus dalyse. Trečiajame skyriuje tiriama sovietmečio gyvenamųjų rajonų urbanistinių ir architektūrinių pokyčių po 1990 m. problema, analizuojamos sociokultūrinio ir konceptualiojo kontekstualumo modeliu pritaikymo galimybės.
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Pochard, Frederic. "Actes de fin de vie médicalisés en réanimation : l'éthique médicale entre théorie et pratique : contribution à l'émergence d'un nouveau paradigme de résolution des conflits éthique reposant sur les principes de circularité, de contextualité et d'autorité." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05N008.
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A partir d'une étude multicentrique ayant inclus 1292 malades proposés ou admis dans 26 services de réanimation médicale, 283 refus d'admission et 105 décisions d'abstention ou d'arrêt de thérapeutiques sont analysés. Les procédures de décision (éléments évalués), les caractéristiques des patients (âge, gravité, pathologies, motifs d'admission), la dynamique des discussions et décisions, ainsi que les modalités de mise en acte sont décrites, et montrent une prévalence comparable aux études précédentes françaises et étrangères. En revanche, les modalités de décision (implication de la famille notamment) ne correspondent pas aux recommandations actuelles des comités d'éthique anglo-saxons, marquant une pratique plus protectrice des réanimateurs actuelles des comités d'éthique anglo-saxons, marquant une pratique plus protectrice des réanimateurs français pour les proches des patients hospitalisés. A partir de la littérature médicale (601 références citées) et des résultats de cette étude, la discussion présente et discute les possibilités de mise en place de procédures de prévention en amont (directives prévisionnelles, mandataire, ordre de ne pas réanimer) et précise les recommandations actuelles et les définitions de termes souvent confus (euthanasie, sédation terminale, etc. ). La relation médecin-malade est analysée au regard des troubles psychiatriques ou psychologiques des malades hospitalisés, et de leurs capacités de prendre une décision à l'aide de scores pronostiques ne proposent qu'une réponse univoque et dangereuse (avec un risque de décisions "automatiques"). Définir la place de la famille nécessite de proposer une information, d'en évaluer la compréhension, et de reconnaître le statut en terme d'anxiété et de dépression des proches (évalués dans une étude multicentrique ayant inclus 40 centres de réanimation, présentée en annexe). La qualité de vie des patients est un critère peu satisfaisant, et le concept d'inanité, très présent chez les auteurs anglo-saxons, ne semble pas pertinent pour valider le caractère "éthique" d'une décision. Les aspects réglementaires, sont analysés au regard des jurisprudences et dépénalisations des pratiques proposées aux Etats Unis, Pays Bas, et dans les Territoires Nord de l'Australie, soulignant le caractère inadapté des avis ou réglementations, et précisant la situation du débat en France. L'analyse du problème des allocations de ressources (justice distributive) et des aspects sociaux fait émerger l'hypothèse d'un mécanisme sacrificiel sous-tendant les pratiques médicalisées de fin de vie, et les limites de la pertinence des modèles théoriques actuels de relation médecin-malade (contractuels, paternalistes et de médiation, pro-actif et comités d'éthique). L'objectif des modalités de discussion et de décision doit être une réduction de la violence en utilisant de contextualité (prise en compte de la singularité de la situation dans son contexte), et d'autorité (décision et responsabilité médicale). La prévention des conflits éthiques en amont de la réanimation, la formation des médecins et infirmières, l'évaluation constante des pratiques, et l'émergence de soins palliatifs pourraient constituer des éléments majeurs de validation du caractère "éthique" des décisions de fin de vie médicalisées.
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Harrysson, Patrik. "Memory Cost of Quantum Contextuality." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationskodning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131007.
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This is a study taking an information theoretic approach toward quantum contextuality. The approach is that of using the memory complexity of finite-state machines to quantify quantum contextuality. These machines simulate the outcome behaviour of sequential measurements on systems of quantum bits as predicted by quantum mechanics. Of interest is the question of whether or not classical representations by finite-state machines are able to effectively represent the state-independent contextual outcome behaviour. Here we consider spatial efficiency, rather than temporal efficiency as considered by D. Gottesman (1999), for the particular measurement dynamics in systems of quantum bits. Extensions of cases found in the adjacent study of Kleinmann et al. (2010) are established by which upper bounds on memory complexity for particular scenarios are found. Furthermore, an optimal machine structure for simulating any n-partite system of quantum bits is found, by which a lower bound for the memory complexity is found for each n in the natural numbers. Within this finite-state machine approach questions of foundational concerns on quantum mechanics were sought to be addressed. Alas, nothing of novel thought on such concerns is here reported on.
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Splinter, Wade. "Time[less] Contextualism." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc//view?acc_num=ucin1179351566.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.<br>Advisor: Dr. Aarati Kanekar . Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed May 31, 2010). Includes abstract. Keywords: Time; space; coding; identity; globalization; contextualism. Includes bibliographic references.
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Rysiew, Patrick William. "Contextualism in epistemology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289063.
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Traditional epistemology is universalistic, in that it proceeds on the assumption that we can fully specify conditions making for the correctness of attributions of knowledge (/justified belief) without adverting to 'context'. In Chapter 1 examples are adduced which cast doubt on this assumption, since they seem to show that the very 'contents' of such attributions are 'context-dependent'. But even if some form of 'contextualism' is thereby shown to be correct, if we are to avoid resting content with the foregoing near-platitudinous observation, we need to address the following two questions: How exactly should we conceive of "context"? And in what way, exactly, does context affect the 'content' of those attributions? More precisely, does context affect what is literally expressed by a given knowledge-attributing sentence (as the semantic contextualist claims) or does it affect what the speaker means by the utterance of that sentence (as the pragmatic contextualist maintains)? Here it is argued that 'context' is a psychological notion, referring to the psychology of the speaker (perhaps qua member of some larger group). Further, it is argued that in addition to its being favored both by a correct understanding of the notion of context itself and by methodological considerations, pragmatic contextualism avoids the intractable problems faced by the semantic contextualist. Finally, the broader implications for epistemology of the foregoing results are explored, and their application to non-epistemological theories/areas are indicated.
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Bächtold, Manuel. "Le possible, l'actuel et l'événement en mécanique quantique : une approche pragmatiste." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00370994.
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Cette thèse propose une justification pragmatiste de la mécanique quantique. Celle-ci consiste d'abord à dégager les fonctions que doit remplir toute théorie pour permettre aux physiciens de mener à bien leur activité de recherche en microphysique, puis à démontrer que la mécanique quantique est la seule théorie qui remplit exactement ces fonctions. L'approche pragmatiste défendue nous conduit en outre à resituer la description de la mesure dans le contexte de la pratique des physiciens et à mettre ainsi en évidence une rupture entre la phase de la prédiction théorique et celle du constat du résultat de mesure, laquelle délimite les domaines du possible et de l'actuel. Cette approche présente l'avantage de dissoudre le problème de la mesure, sans modifier le formalisme quantique et sans soulever de nouveaux problèmes.
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Gutherie, Luanne. "Contextualist Responses to Skepticism." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/22.
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External world skeptics argue that we have no knowledge of the external world. Contextualist theories of knowledge attempt to address the skeptical problem by maintaining that arguments for skepticism are effective only in certain contexts in which the standards for knowledge are so high that we cannot reach them. In ordinary contexts, however, the standards for knowledge fall back down to reachable levels and we again are able to have knowledge of the external world. In order to address the objection that contextualists confuse the standards for knowledge with the standards for warranted assertion, Keith DeRose appeals to the knowledge account of warranted assertion to argue that if one is warranted in asserting p, one also knows p. A skeptic, however, can maintain a context-invariant view of the knowledge account of assertion, in which case such an account would not provide my help to contextualism.
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García, Moreno Beatriz. "Contextualist thought and architecture." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22370.
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de, Silva Nadish. "Contextuality and noncommutative geometry in quantum mechanics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1ca8995d-b562-426a-ab89-afab3a18dda2.
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It is argued that the geometric dual of a noncommutative operator algebra represents a notion of quantum state space which differs from existing notions by representing observables as maps from states to outcomes rather than from states to distributions on outcomes. A program of solving for an explicitly geometric manifestation of quantum state space by adapting the spectral presheaf, a construction meant to analyze contextuality in quantum mechanics, to derive simple reconstructions of noncommutative topological tools from their topological prototypes is presented. We associate to each unital C*-algebra A a geometric object--a diagram of topological spaces representing quotient spaces of the noncommutative space underlying A—meant to serve the role of a generalized Gel'fand spectrum. After showing that any functor F from compact Hausdorff spaces to a suitable target category C can be applied directly to these geometric objects to automatically yield an extension F<sup>∼</sup> which acts on all unital C*-algebras, we compare a novel formulation of the operator K<sub>0</sub> functor to the extension K<sup>∼</sup> of the topological K-functor. We then conjecture that the extension of the functor assigning a topological space its topological lattice assigns a unital C*-algebra the topological lattice of its primary ideal spectrum and prove the von Neumann algebraic analogue of this conjecture.
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Murray, Paul. "Scepticism, contextualism, and natural doubt /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18451.pdf.
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McKenna, Robert James. "Epistemic contextualism : a normative approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9712.
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I develop and argue for a version of epistemic contextualism - the view that the truth-values of ‘knowledge’ ascriptions depend upon and vary with the context in which they are uttered - that emphasises the roles played by both the practical interests of those in the context and the epistemic practices of the community of which they are part in determining the truth-values of their ‘knowledge’ ascriptions (the ‘basic contextualist thesis’). My favoured way of putting it is that the truth of a ‘knowledge’ ascription of the form ‘S knows that p’ requires that the subject of the ascription can rule out the relevant alternatives in which not-p, where the relevant alternatives are the ones that those in the ascriber’s context have a reason to consider. What alternatives those in the context have a reason to consider depends on their practical situation and on what alternatives are generally considered relevant within their community. I call this ‘interests contextualism’. The thesis splits into three parts. First, I deal with what I call ‘linguistic objections’, which purport to show that there’s no linguistic evidence that the expression ‘knows’ is context-sensitive (Hawthorne 2004; Stanley 2005a), and objections concerning the way ‘knows’ behaves in intra- and inter-contextual disagreement reports (Cappelen & Hawthorne 2009; MacFarlane 2005). I argue that there are a number of ways in which contextualists can deal with these objections. Consequently, they provide no reason to reject contextualism. Second, there are a number of ways of going beyond the basic contextualist thesis, and I argue that the best way is along the lines indicated above, viz. interests contextualism. In the process I articulate a number of desiderata for a contextualist account of the features of context that are responsible for contextual variation in the truth-values of ‘knowledge’ ascriptions. I argue that, unlike its main rival - which I call ‘conversational contextualism’ (Blome-Tillmann 2009a; Cohen 1999; DeRose 2009; Lewis 1996) - interests contextualism can satisfy all of the desiderata. Consequently, interests contextualism is preferable to conversational contextualism. Third, I argue that there is good reason to prefer interests contextualism to its noncontextualist rivals, strict invariantism (Brown 2006; Hazlett 2009; Pritchard 2010; Rysiew 2001), sensitive invariantism (Fantl & McGrath 2009; Hawthorne 2004; Stanley 2005a) and relativism (MacFarlane 2005; Richard 2004). The objections dealt with in the first part are meant to provide the main reason to prefer a sort of relativism to interests contextualism. Consequently, the upshot of the first part is that relativism is off the table. The considerations that tell in favour of interests contextualism and against sensitive invariantism are of two types. First, I argue that interests contextualism can deal with a wider range of cases than sensitive invariantism. Second, I argue that the influential account of the function of ‘knowledge’ ascriptions developed in Edward Craig (1990) tells against sensitive invariantism and in favour of interests contextualism. I also argue that the second consideration tells against strict invariantism as much as sensitive invariantism. Consequently, I conclude that interests contextualism is preferable to all of its rivals.
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Mansfield, Shane. "The mathematical structure of non-locality and contextuality." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:394bb375-db3f-4a12-bdd8-cd1ab5809573.
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Non-locality and contextuality are key features of quantum mechanics that distinguish it from classical physics. We aim to develop a deeper, more structural understanding of these phenomena, underpinned by robust and elegant mathematical theory with a view to providing clarity and new perspectives on conceptual and foundational issues. A general framework for logical non-locality is introduced and used to prove that 'Hardy's paradox' is complete for logical non-locality in all (2,2,l) and (2,k,2) Bell scenarios, a consequence of which is that Bell states are the only entangled two-qubit states that are not logically non-local, and that Hardy non-locality can be witnessed with certainty in a tripartite quantum system. A number of developments of the unified sheaf-theoretic approach to non-locality and contextuality are considered, including the first application of cohomology as a tool for studying the phenomena: we find cohomological witnesses corresponding to many of the classic no-go results, and completely characterise contextuality for large families of Kochen-Specker-like models. A connection with the problem of the existence of perfect matchings in k-uniform hypergraphs is explored, leading to new results on the complexity of deciding contextuality. A refinement of the sheaf-theoretic approach is found that captures partial approximations to locality/non-contextuality and can allow Bell models to be constructed from models of more general kinds which are equivalent in terms of non-locality/contextuality. Progress is made on bringing recent results on the nature of the wavefunction within the scope of the logical and sheaf-theoretic methods. Computational tools are developed for quantifying contextuality and finding generalised Bell inequalities for any measurement scenario which complement the research programme. This also leads to a proof that local ontological models with `negative probabilities' generate the no-signalling polytopes for all Bell scenarios.
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Ouedraogo, Wendpanga Francis. "Gestionnaire contextualisé de sécurité pour des « Process 2.0 »." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0132/document.
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Compte tenu de l’environnement économique globalisé et de plus en plus concurrentiel, les entreprises et en particulier les PME/PMI, pour rester compétitif,doivent développer de nouvelles stratégie de collaborations (intra et inter-entreprises) et se restructurer pour rendre leur organisation et le système d’information agile. Alors que jusqu'à présent le Web 2.0 permettait de collaborer sur les données elles-mêmes, nous proposons de passer à une logique de « process 2.0 » permettant de rechercher / composer sémantiquement des services existants pour collaborer directement en partageant des fonctionnalités et non plus seulement des données. Couplé au développement du Cloud Computing, facilitant l’hébergement, une telle stratégie permettrait de coupler plus fortement les niveaux SaaS et PaaS. Toutefois, ceci pose d’évidents problèmes de gestion des contraintes de sécurité. Le développement de stratégies de sécurité est usuellement basé sur une analyse systématique des risques afin de les réduire en adoptant des contre-mesures. Ces approches sont lourdes, complexes à mettre en œuvre et sont souvent rendues caduques car les risques sont évalués dans un monde « fermé », ce qui n’est pas le cas d’une approche par composition de services métier réutilisable où le contexte d’utilisation des différents services au niveau métier et plateforme est inconnu a priori. Dans ce type d’approche, le contexte au niveau métier évoque à la fois les fonctionnalités apportées par chaque service, l’organisation (Qui fait à quoi ?) et l’enchainement de ces services ainsi que les types de données (d’ordre stratégique ou pas,..) que manipulent ces services. Au niveau plateforme, le contexte dépend de l’environnement (privé, public,..) dans lequel les services vont s’exécuter. C’est donc sur la base de l’analyse du contexte que l’on peut définir les contraintes de sécurités propres à chaque service métier, pouvoir spécifier les politiques de sécurités adéquates et mettre en œuvre les moyens de sécurisation adaptés. En outre, il est aussi nécessaire de pouvoir propager les politiques de sécurités sur tout le processus afin d’assurer la cohérence et une sécurité globale lors de l’exécution du processus. Pour répondre à ces enjeux, nous proposons d’étudier la définition des politiques de sécurité à base de « patrons » apportant une réponse graduée en fonction de la confiance que l’on a sur l’environnement. Ainsi des patrons de sécurité qui répondent à des besoins de sécurité métiers et à des besoins de sécurité plateforme seront définis et permettront d’exprimer l’ensemble des politiques de sécurité. La sélection et de mise en œuvre de ces politiques de sécurités se feront à partir de patrons de contexte. Notre proposition simple à appréhender par des non spécialistes, permettra, par des transformations de modèles, d’intégrer ces politiques au niveau technologique afin de garantir un niveau de qualité de protection constant quel que soit l’environnement de déploiement<br>To fit the competitive and globalized economic environment, companies and especially SMEs / SMIs are more and more involved in collaborative strategies, requiring organizational adaptation to fit this openness constraints and increase agility (i.e. the ability to adapt and fit the structural changes). While the Web 2.0 allows sharing data (images, knowledge, CV, micro-blogging, etc...) and while SOA aims at increasing service re-using rate and service interoperability, no process sharing strategies are developed. To overcome this limit, we propose to share processes as well to set a "process 2.0" framework allowing sharing activities. This will support an agile collaborative process enactment by searching and composing services depending on the required business organization and the service semantics. Coupled with the cloud computing deployment opportunity, this strategy will lead to couple more strongly Business, SaaS and PaaS levels. However, this challenges security constraints management in a dynamic environment. The development of security policies is usually based on a systematic risks analysis, reducing them by adopting appropriate countermeasures. These approaches are complex and as a consequence difficult to implement by end users. Moreover risks are assessed in a "closed" and static environment so that these methods do not fit the dynamic business services composition approach, as services can be composed and run in different business contexts (including the functionalities provided by each service, the organization (Who does what?), the coordination between these services and also the kind of data (strategic or no...) that are used and exchanged) and runtime environment (public vs private platform…). By analyzing these contextual information, we can define specific security constraints to each business service, specify the convenient security policies and implement appropriate countermeasures. In addition, it is also necessary to be able to propagate the security policies throughout the process to ensure consistency and overall security during the process execution. To address these issues, we propose to study the definition of security policies coupling Model Driven Security and Pattern based engineering approach to generate and deploy convenient security policies and protection means depending on the (may be untrusted) runtime environment. To this end, we propose a set of security patterns which meet the business and platform related security needs to set the security policies. The selection and the implementation of these security policies will be achieved thank to context-based patterns. Simple to understand by non-specialists, these patterns will be used by the model transformation process to generate these policies in a Model@Runtime strategy so that security services will be selected and orchestrated at runtime to provide a constant quality of protection (independent of the deployment)
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Cho, Sunyoung. "A Contextualist Approach to Telehealth Innovations." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cis_diss/13.
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A Contextualist Approach to Telehealth Innovations By Sunyoung Cho Abstract Healthcare is considered one of the most important social issues in the U.S. as well as in other societies with ever-increasing costs of medical service provision. The information-intensive nature of the healthcare industry and the perception of information technology (IT) as a way to ease up healthcare costs and improve quality have lead to increased use of and experiments with IT-based innovations. These activities present interesting research opportunities for IS researchers and they have led to an increasing body of knowledge on healthcare information systems. This research aims at contributing to this line of research by adopting a contextualist approach to examine the adoption, use, and further diffusion of telehealth innovations. A contextualist approach provides a particularly interesting and relevant perspective to study adoption and diffusion processes of healthcare innovations. The adopted contextualist approach is process-oriented, it applies multiple levels of analysis, and it accommodates different theoretical lenses to make sense of the two telehealth innovations under investigation. A key assumption is that innovations should be understood as ongoing processes of change, not just technologies, or isolated change events with clear boundaries. Healthcare innovations have in this view much broader connotations, including development of IT-based applications, their adoption and diffusion over time, and the interactions between many stakeholders and organizations that shape the innovation in a specific context. The contextualist approach suggested by Pettigrew is adopted as an overarching framework for multiple studies based on empirical investigation of two telehealth innovations; the main focus is on a telestroke innovation in the U.S. while a radiology innovation in Sweden serves as a complementary case. Each study is documented as an independent research publication with its own theoretical perspective and contributions. The overall contextualist approach and the related findings are then summarized across the individual studies. Telehealth innovations are particularly interesting examples of healthcare information systems. They leverage contemporary network infrastructures and interaction devices to allow provision of healthcare services, clinical information, and education over distance, thereby reducing the costs and improving the availability of medical services. The two telehealth innovations are investigated through in-depth case studies. This theses summary presents the theoretical background for the studies; it motivates and details how the qualitative case studies based on critical realist assumptions were designed and conducted; it outlines the resulting research publications; and it discusses the contributions of investigating telehealth innovations from a contextualist approach.
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Grindrod, Jumbly. "Epistemic contextualism as a linguistic thesis." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/73489/.
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This thesis is concerned with the linguistic plausibility of epistemic contextualism. Epistemic contextualism can be (roughly) characterised as the view that the truth conditions of knowledge attributions are sensitive to the context of utterance. As such, it is a linguistic claim that is usually defended on the basis of certain context-shifting experiments and is then usually integrated into a semantic theory that captures this context-sensitivity. The linguistic challenge for epistemic contextualism is to be successfully integrated into our best account of linguistic communication. I will argue that as of yet there is no satisfactory solution to the linguistic challenge and that this should lead us to re-envision the view at its most basic level. First, I analyse the intuitive basis of epistemic contextualism. The contextualist claims regarding ordinary linguistic intuitions in the context-shifting experiments have recently been challenged experimentally. In response to this, I present new experimental evidence for a contextual effect on our linguistic intuitions using context-shifting experiments with third-person knowledge attributions. In doing so, I defend the intuitive basis of epistemic contextualism. I then analyse the plausibility of capturing this contextual effect in a range of linguistic proposals. I argue that we do not have sufficient reason to reject an implicature-based explanation of the phenomenon. I do, however, present defeasible evidence against such an approach. I then analyse the most plausible semantic contextualist account in the literature – Schaffer & Szabó’s epistemic comparativism. However, I find their proposal to be unmotivated and problematic. I then analyse the plausibility of capturing the context-sensitivity of knowledge attributions via a pragmatic enrichment account of what is said. I do so by analysing Schoubye & Stokke’s minimalist account of what is said and Peter Ludlow’s dynamic lexicon view. However, I find both approaches to be problematic. With this in mind, epistemic contextualism finds itself at something of an impasse: there is experimental evidence for a contextual effect on our linguistic intuitions regarding knowledge attributions but as of yet there is no good explanation of this effect available. Rather than using this as a point at which to defend a new semantic or pragmatic proposal, I instead raise a fundamental concern regarding the contextualist project. I argue that there is a fundamental lack of clarity as to what the contextualist aims to achieve. I distinguish between two possible approaches to epistemic contextualism that differ in their aims – one more ambitious and one more modest. Once this distinction is drawn, I argue that there is a severe explanatory lacuna in the ambitious approach, and no promising way of filling it. Given this, the epistemic contextualist should re-envision some of their basic commitments along more modest lines. This proves crucial regarding the linguistic challenge, as modest contextualism is able to bypass the linguistic challenge altogether by remaining neutral on a range of particular linguistic issues. Modest epistemic contextualism is defended in the final chapter.
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Silva, Jeane Vanessa Santos. "Uma defesa contextualista de justificação epistêmica." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5628.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-05<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>With its emergence in antiquity to serve therapeutic purposes, the skepticism, unfolded on various facets throughout the history of philosophy. Among them, that seem to have established a time in epistemological debates is one whose formulations are still in modernity along with a project of infallible knowledge of the world. Since then it has become common land in the theory of knowledge lead to a doubt until ultimately suspending so all our knowledge of the world. This text wants to present a Contextualist Theory of Epistemic Justification as an alternative to skepticism. Our main goal is to show that by separating the philosophical context, where skepticism ourselves, context of our everyday lives that common knowledge of the world that we believe possess can be safeguarded.<br>Com seu surgimento na antiguidade para servir a propósitos terapêuticos, o ceticismo, desdobrou-se sobre várias facetas ao longo da história da filosofia. Dentre elas a que parece ter se estabelecido por vez nos debates epistemológicos é aquela cujas formulações encontran-se ainda na modernidade junto a um projeto de conhecimento infalível do mundo. Desde então tornou-se terreno comum em teoria do conhecimento levar a dúvida até sua ultima instância suspendendo assim todo nosso conhecimento do mundo. Esse texto pretende apresentar a Teoria Contextualista da Justificação Epistêmico como uma alternativa ao ceticismo. Nosso principal objetivo é mostrar que ao separar o contexto filosófico, onde o ceticismo se estabeleceu, do contexto de nossas vidas cotidianas aquele conhecimento comum do mundo que acreditamos possuir pode ser salvaguardado.
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Sainz, Ana Belén. "Characterizing and witnessing multipartite correlations : from nonlocality to contextuality." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/144528.
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In the past century, experimental discoveries have witnessed phenomena in Nature which challenge our everyday classical intuition. In order to explain these facts, quantum theory was developed, which so far has been able to reproduce the observed results. However, I believe that our understanding of quantum mechanics can be significantly improved by the search for an operational meaning behind its mathematical formulation, which would help to identify the limitations and possibilities of the theory for information processing. An intriguing property of quantum theory is its intrinsic randomness. Indeed, Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen in 1935 questioned the completeness of quantum theory. They argued the possibility of the existence of a complete theory where variables to which we have not access determine the behaviour of physical systems, and the randomness observed in quantum mechanics is then due to our ignorance of these variables. These hidden variables theories, however, were proved not to be enough for explaining the predictions of quantum theory, as shown in the no-go theorems by Bell on quantum-nonlocality and by Kochen and Specker on quantum-contextuality. In the past decades, many experiments have corroborated the nonlocal and contextual character of Nature. However, no intuition behind these phenomena has been found, in particular about what limits their strength. In fact, special relativity alone would allow for phenomena which are more nonlocal than what quantum theory allows. Hence, much effort has been devoted to find the physical properties of quantum theory that restricts these phenomena. In this thesis, we study the constraints that arise on nonlocal and contextual phenomena when a certain exclusiveness structure compatible with quantum theory is imposed in the space of events. Here, an event denotes the situation where an outcome is obtained given that a measurement is performed on the physical system. Regarding nonlocality, we introduce a notion of orthogonality that states that events involving different outcomes of the same local measurement are exclusive, and construct constraints that the correlations among observers should satisfy. We denote this by Local Orthogonality principle (LO), which is the first intrinsically multipartite principle for bounding quantum correlations. We prove that LO identifies the supra-quantum character of some bipartite and multipartite correlations, and gets close to the quantum boundary. When studying contextuality, the same abstract event may correspond to outcomes of different measurements, which introduces a non-trivial structure in the space of events. For its study, we develop a general formalism for contextuality scenarios in the spirit of the recent approach by Cabello, Severini and Winter. In our framework, nonlocality arises as a particular case of contextuality, which allows us to study a generalization of LO. Both in nonlocality and contextuality, we find close connections to problems in combinatorics and hence use graph-theoretical tools for studying correlations. Finally, this thesis also studies the detection of nonlocal correlations. Most results on quantum nonlocality focus on few particles' experiments, while less is known about the detection of quantum nonlocality in many-body systems. Standard many-body observables involve correlations among few particles, while there is still no multipartite Bell inequality to test nonlocality merely from these data. In this thesis, we provide the first proposal for nonlocality detection in many-body systems using two-body correlations. We construct families of Bell inequalities from two-body correlators, which can detect nonlocality for systems with large number of constituents. In addition, we prove violations by systems which are relevant in nuclear and atomic physics, and show how to test these inequalities by measuring global spin components, hence opening the problem to experimental realizations.
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Kirby, Christopher C. "Experience and inquiry in John Dewey's contextualism." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001219.
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Kirby, Christopher C. "Experience and Inquiry in John Dewey’s Contextualism." Scholar Commons, 2005. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/725.
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This paper will focus on two elements, viz. experience and inquiry, which are central to John Deweys philosophy and their relation to the movement known as pragmatism. Although each of these concepts has received extensive treatment by other schools of thought, the pragmatists, and particularly Dewey, did much to redefine each in hopes of alleviating the tension between conflicting philosophical viewpoints. An explication of Deweys view on experience is the first step in understanding his application of the pragmatic method towards reconstructing philosophical thinking. Therefore, this paper will explore the meaning that Dewey gave to each and how that meaning is helpful to the overall pragmatist project of reuniting philosophical speculation with practical consequences.
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Allard, Guérin Philippe. "Wigner function negativity and contextuality in quantum computation with rebits." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54594.
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We study the resources necessary for quantum computation with rebits (qubit states with real amplitudes in the standard basis). We introduce a scheme for universal quantum computation by state injection, and define a Wigner function appropriate for this scheme. We show that the Wigner function obeys a Hudson’s theorem and transforms covariantly under CSS-ness preserving unitary gates; these results allows us to establish that Wigner function negativity is necessary for quantum computation. Furthermore, we establish contextuality as another necessary computational resource. We show that in contrast with the case of qudits [M. Howard et al., Nature 510, 351 (2014)], negativity does not imply contextuality. We discuss state independent contextuality and why it does not arise in our computational scheme.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Physics and Astronomy, Department of<br>Graduate
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Stern, Reuben E. "Can the Contextualist Win the Free Will Debate?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/101.
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This thesis explores the merits and limits of John Hawthorne’s contextualist analysis of free will. First, I argue that contextualism does better at capturing the ordinary understanding of ‘free will’ than competing views because it best accounts for the way in which our willingness to attribute free will ordinarily varies with context. Then I consider whether this is enough to conclude that the contextualist has won the free will debate. I argue that this would be hasty, because the contextualist, unlike her competitors, cannot tell us whether any particular agent is definitively free, and therefore cannot inform any practices that are premised on whether a particular agent is morally responsible. As such, I argue that whether the contextualist “wins the free will debate” depends on whether it is more important to capture the ordinary understanding of ‘free will’ or more important to inform our practices of ascribing moral responsibility.
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Marshall, Paul David. "Explaining nature mystical experience : from contextualism to metaphysics." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403765.
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Fields, Benjamin. "Contextualize your listening : the playlist as recommendation engine." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2011. http://research.gold.ac.uk/6477/.
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It is not hyperbole to note that a revolution has occurred in the way that we as a society distribute data and information. This revolution has come about through the confluence of Web-related technologies and the approaching universal adoption of internet connectivity. Add to this mix the normalised use of lossy compression in digital music and the increase in digital music download and streaming services; the result is an environment where nearly anyone can listen to nearly any piece of music nearly anywhere. This is in many respects the pinnacle in music access and availability. Yet, a listener is now faced with a dilemma of choice. Without being familiar with the ever-expanding millions of songs available, how does a listener know what to listen to? If a near-complete collection of recorded music is available what does one listen to next? While the world of music distribution underwent a revolution, the ubiquitous access and availability it created brought new problems in recommendation and discovery. In this thesis, a solution to these problems of recommendation and discovery is presented. We begin with an introduction to the core concepts around the playlist (i.e. sequential ordering of musical works). Next, we examine the history of the playlist as a recommendation technique, starting from before the invention of audio recording and moving through to modern automatic methods. This leads to an awareness that the creation of suitable playlists requires a high degree of knowledge of the relation between songs in a collection (e.g. song similarity). To better inform our base of knowledge of the relationships between songs we explore the use of social network analysis in combination with content-based music information retrieval. In an effort to show the promise of this more complex relational space, a fully automatic interactive radio system is proposed, using audio-content and social network data as a backbone. The implementation of the system is detailed. The creation of this system presents another problem in the area of evaluation. To that end, a novel distance metric between playlists is specified and tested. We then conclude with a discussion of what has been shown and what future work remains.
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Johanek, Cynthia L. "A contextualist research paradigm for rhetoric and composition." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115713.
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The unresolved nineteenth-century debate--"is rhetoric an art or a science?"--hashindered our attempt to establish an inclusive research paradigm for rhetoric and composition. The newly dominant paradigm is quickly narrowing to prefer the qualitative designs that suit our literary ideals, relieve our math and statistics anxiety, and fulfill political ideologies. Such qualitative work has given us great insight into the mind of the researcher, a stronger voice to the individual, and a powerful tool for groups traditionally oppressed by our field.At the same time, however, our field needs quantitative research that examines the scope of certain issues or that tests the effectiveness of solutions to problems, and we should remain prepared to understand such research from other fields. But the quantitative/qualitative division in composition cannot be healed through "methodological pluralism" or by examining the epistemologies governing those methodological choices.A Contextualist Theory of Epistemic Justification (Annis, 1978) provides a new lens through which we may recontextualize the competing epistemologies our field has outlined, providing a new decision-making framework through which we may appreciate the intersection of research issues (issue/question, purpose, method, and publication) and rhetorical issues (writer, audience, and subject) that form the varied contexts for our work: contexts highlighted in a matrix of questions representing a Contextualist Research Paradigm for Rhetoric and Composition.To illustrate such a paradigm, Eileen Oliver's (1995) "The Writing Quality of Seventh, Ninth, and Eleventh Graders, and College Freshmen: Does Rhetorical Specification in Writing Prompts Make a Difference?" is reprinted with an interview with Oliver, in which she detailed the context for her study. To further demonstrate a Contextualist Paradigm at work, my own study--"Red Ink / Blue Ink: Does it Really Make a Difference?"--responds to the largely untested anecdotal evidence that discourages writing teachers' use of red pens.A Contextualist Research Paradigm is necessary for composition to heal the artificial divisions between qualitative and quantitative research, to direct our attention fully to context rather than politics, form, and numbers, and to conduct not only the research we like, but also the research we and our students need.<br>Department of English
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Luescher, Samuel. "Beyond visualization : designing interfaces to contextualize geospatial data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82428.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74).<br>The growing sensor data collections about our environment have the potential to drastically change our perception of the fragile world we live in. To make sense of such data, we commonly use visualization techniques, enabling public discourse and analysis. This thesis describes the design and implementation of a series of interactive systems that integrate geospatial sensor data visualization and terrain models with various user interface modalities in an educational context to support data analysis and knowledge building using part-digital, part-physical rendering. The main contribution of this thesis is a concrete application scenario and initial prototype of a "Designed Environment" where we can explore the relationship between the surface of Japan's islands, the tension that originates in the fault lines along the seafloor beneath its east coast, and the resulting natural disasters. The system is able to import geospatial data from a multitude of sources on the "Spatial Web", bringing us one step closer to a tangible "dashboard of the Earth."<br>Samuel Luescher.<br>S.M.
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Ramis, Pujol Juan. "Reengineering et environnements de qualité : une analyse contextualiste." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS001S.
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Les pressions de l'environnement concurrentiel semblent être à l'origine d'une volonté des entreprises pour s'améliorer. Des démarches de qualité et, plus récemment, des projets de reengineering ont été poursuivis par des entreprises qui recherchaient des améliorations dans la performance de leurs processus. Reengineering et qualité sont des concepts ayant des origines pratiques loin des traditions de la théorie des organisations. Cette thèse vise à comprendre comment se génère la réussite des projets de reengineering dans des environnements de qualité, et essaie d'améliorer l'ancrage des ces deux concepts dans la théorie des organisations. L'effet d'un environnement de qualité, et par extension d'un contexte donné, sur le réussite du reengineering peut être globalement analysé sous les apports de la théorie de la structuration. D'autres analyses plus fines sont basées sur des théories du changement planifié et, notamment, la dimension "apprentissage" du changement qui est développée dans cette thèse de façon privilégiée. La réussite des projets de reengineering est étudiée à partir des articulations en provenance des environnements de qualité, des articulations émergentes d'autres éléments du contexte, des problèmes liés à la réalisation de ces projets, et des impacts organisationnels directs ou indirectement associés. A partir de cette grille de lecture, cinq projets de reengineering dans cinq entreprises différentes sont étudiés suivant une analyse dimensionnelle de contenu. Une analyse longitudinale est aussi réalisée sur une des entreprises. Les étapes clés pour la réussite d'un projet de reengineering se révèlent être la " mise en œuvre " et le " suivi " après mise en œuvre. Les étapes initiales semblent avoir un moindre poids pour la réussite des projets mais leur bonne réalisation est importante pour les étapes clés suivantes. Pour ce qui concerne la "mise en œuvre", des éléments culturels, structurels et comportementaux jouent un rôle essentiel. Les apports essentiels des environnements de qualité, notamment la maîtrise des processus et le système de mesure, s'inscrivent plutôt dans la dernière des étapes : " le suivi ". Cette dernière étape est constituée d'efforts et d'actions distincts qui méritent d'être spécifiés. Ainsi, nous proposons de la sous-diviser en trois étapes différentes : "standardisation", "suivi" (proprement dit) et "améliorations additionnelles"<br>Environmental pressures seem to be at the base of a will of organisations to improve themselves. Quality programs and, more recently, reengineering projects are put in place by organisations searching for process improvement. Reengineering and quality are concepts that are positioned far from the tradition of organisational theory. This dissertation focuses on the generation of success of reengineering in quality environments and, furthermore, tries to strengthen the links of both these two concepts to organisational theory. Influence of a quality environment, and more largely a given organizational context, on the success of a reengineering project can be globally analysed thanks to the contribution of 'structuration' theory. Other more precise analyses are based on planned change theory and, particularly, on the "learning" dimension of change. The success of reengineering projects is studied through the articulations (interdependences) coming from the quality environments, the articulations emerging from other contextual elements, the problems linked to the realization of these projects, and the associated direct and indirect organisational impacts. This theoretical framework is used to study five reengineering projects in five different organisations following a content dimensional analysis. A longitudinal analysis is also pursued in one of these organisations. The "implementation" and the "follow-up" are the reengineering key stages for success. The initial stages seem to have a weaker weight for the success of the reengineering project even though they have an influence on the quality of the following stages. Concerning the "implementation" stage, structural, cultural and behavioural aspects are important. The elements from the quality environment, particularly process management and a measurement system, are essential during the last stage : "follow-up". This last stage is composed of distinct efforts which deserve further specification. We propose to sub-divide this last stage in three different stages : "standardisation", "follow-up" and "additional improvements"
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Dejene, Ejigu Dedefa. "Services pervasifs contextualisés : modélisation et mise en oeuvre." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0108/these.pdf.
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Pervasive or ubiquitous computing aims to integrate computing and computing appliances into the environment rather than having computers as distinct objects. This can be realized through applications that adapt their behavior to every changing environment. Such systems need to ensure that the adaptive behavior experienced is useful, relevant, non-distracting and consistent with individual and organizational goals. Such adaptation needs proper capturing, management and reasoning of constantly changing context. Context capturing involves extracting relevant context data about selected entities in the environment. Context management deals with representation, aggregation, interpretation, storage and processing of context data. Context reasoning is the process of drawing inferences or conclusions (unknowns) from known facts using information from the various sources of context. The computationally intensive characteristics of context reasoning process, the presence of handheld or wearable, tiny and resource hungry computing devices, and the lack of a semantically rich context model have been a bottleneck for the development of such applications. Moreover, most of the current context-aware systems are based on ad-hoc models of context, which causes lack of the desired formality and expressiveness. They do not separate processing of context semantics from processing and representation of context data and structure. In this thesis, we propose a semantically rich and a collaborative context representation and management model that uses a hybrid of ontology and database management approaches (called HCoM model: Hybrid Context Management model). HCoM model uses ontology for modeling and management of context semantics and relational database schema for modeling and management of context data. These two modeling elements are linked to each other through the semantic relations built in the ontology. Separation of the two context modeling elements allows us to extract, load, share and use only relevant context data into the reasoner in order to limit the amount of context data in the reasoning space. By doing this, we considerably improve the performance of the reasoning process. The building blocks of the HCoM model are context data, context ontology, and deduction rules. These data elements are organized into a context representation structure (called EHRAM: Entity, Hierarchy, Relation, Axiom and metadata). EHRAM is a graphical context representation structure that serves as a context conceptualization model. EHRAM is mapped to a standard relational database schema for representation of its context component and is serialized to markup languages for representation of its ontology and rule component. We also present a domain independent context-aware middleware platform (called CoCA: Collaborative Context-Aware service platform) under which our proposed context management model is implemented and used. CoCA uses data organized into the HCoM model as its data source and provides reasoning and decision services based on changing contexts. It triggers proactive and/or reactive actions and provides a collaboration interface between the pervasive peers. CoCA collaboration is based on JXTA protocols and its reasoning is based on Jena framework. To evaluate the scalability and extensibility of the proposed model, reusability of the platform and performance of the collaboration process, we have developed a test case of the use of our context model in the platform using data from multiple scenarios: Community based network in a campus, smart hospital and adaptation of HCI to context. Results obtained from our experiment show that compared to other related works in the domain, our approach gives a robust, extensible and scalable model and platform for the development of context-aware applications in pervasive environment<br>Les systèmes pervasifs visent à intégrer des services fournis par des dispositifs répartis communicants. De tels environnements ont comme objectif d'optimiser l'interaction de l'utilisateur avec les dispositifs intégrés, par exemple en permettant à l'utilisateur d'accéder à l'ensemble des informations disponibles et en adaptant celles-ci aux conditions matérielles effectives (qualité de service réseau, caractéristiques du matériel de connexion). Cela impose aux applications d'adapter dynamiquement leur fonctionnement aux caractéristiques de l'environnement (notion de "contexte d'exécution"). Pour réaliser cette adaptation il est important de disposer d’un mécanisme efficace de capture et gestion du contexte et d’un mécanisme de raisonnement approprié. La gestion du contexte comprend la représentation, l'agrégation, l'interprétation, le stockage et le traitement des données contextuelles. Le raisonnement est le processus de déductions des nouveaux faits à partir des données contextuelles observées. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un modèle sémantiquement riche pour la collaboration, la représentation et la gestion du contexte. Nous utilisons un modèle de représentation du contexte fondé sur une approche hybride utilisant des ontologies et des bases de données relationnelles (nommé modèle HCoM : Hybrid Context Management model). Le modèle HCoM utilise l'ontologie pour la modélisation et la gestion des métadonnées riches en sémantique du contexte, et le schéma de la base de données relationnelles pour la modélisation et la gestion des données brutes du contexte. Les deux sont liés à travers des relations sémantiques construits dans l'ontologie. La séparation des ces deux éléments de modélisation nous permet d'extraire, charger, partager et utiliser seulement les données du contexte relevant afin des limiter la quantité de données dans l’espace de raisonnement. Les éléments constitutifs du modèle HCoM sont les données contextuelles brutes, l’ontologie et les règles de inférence. Ces éléments sont organisés dans un modèle que nous appelons EHRAM: Entité, Hiérarchie, Relation, Axiome et Métadonnée. EHRAM est mappé à un schéma de base de données relationnelle pour la représentation des données contextuelles et permet une représentation compatible avec les langages à bas de balises pour son ontologie et ses règles d’inférence. Cette richesse de modélisation nous permet de sélectionner de manière efficace les informations contextuelles pertinentes et ainsi d'améliorer les performances du processus de raisonnement mis en oeuvre dans l'analyse du contexte d'exécution. Nous présentons également la plateforme logicielle d'intégration de services pervasifs que nous avons développée (nommé CoCA : Collaborative Context-Aware service Plateform). Cette plateforme s'appuie sur la méthodologie et les modèles de représentation et de gestion du contexte proposés dans la thèse. Elle permet une interaction "contextualisée" des services fournis par les dispositifs participants, offrant en particulier des mécanismes d'adaptation au contexte et de déclenchement proactif ou réactif de services en réponse à une évolution du contexte. Cette plateforme implémente le protocole JXTA dans ses composants de collaboration et utilise la librairie JENA pour le raisonnement (déclaration et interprétation des règles d'analyse du contexte). Des démonstrateurs ont été développés et testés illustrant l'utilisation de la plate-forme dans trois cas d'utilisation liés à des domaines applicatifs variés : les réseaux sociaux, l'hôpital intelligent, l'adaptation d'IHM au contexte. Les résultats obtenus illustrent la performance, la robustesse et l'extensibilité de l'approche proposée
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TESTINI, FRANCESCO. "CRABWALK: APPLYING PRAGMATIC GENEALOGY TO CONTEXTUALIST POLITICAL THEORY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/825556.
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Contextualist approaches to political theory share a common feature: they include statements about contextual facts in the justification of normative political judgments. This feature exposes them to the problem of critical distance, i.e. to the worry that an approach including facts about the context to be evaluated in the justification of the judgments evaluating it may entail a form of unduly conservatism or status quo bias. Is it thus possible to increase contextualism’s critical purchase without giving up its distinctiveness, i.e. without relying on external and fact-independent normative resources but remaining into the context? I argue that this is possible, and that genealogy makes a salient contribution in making it so. More specifically, I argue that pragmatic genealogy – the hybrid functionalist approach to genealogy pioneered by Bernard Williams, Edward Craig and Miranda Fricker – can provide crucial insights about the normative standing of contextual facts while steering clear from the genetic fallacy. My argument unfolds across three papers. In the first two papers, I put the method to test, showing that it can bring about different results. In the third paper, I take stock of the issue offering an account of the logic and practical import of the kind of genealogical arguments made in the previous two, namely the mix of justification and explanation known as vindicatory explanations.
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Bezuidenhout, Louise Martha. "Contextuality in life science ethics : dual-use as a case study." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/12122.
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In the rapidly advancing field of the life sciences, issues relating to responsibility for research are becoming a key area of discussion. Attempting to conceptualise how individual and collective responsibilities may be attributed to scientists for their research is proving both difficult and complex. Issues relating to responsibility for research may be loosely divided into two different areas. Internal responsibilities refer to those that scientists hold to their research and their colleagues to ensure that high quality data is produced with integrity. Broad social responsibilities, in contrast, reflect the social contract that scientists hold with society and refer to the commitment of scientific research to enhance and promote humanity in a manner that takes into consideration social priorities and norms. By far, research on internal responsibilities has formed the bulk of current discussions on responsibility in life science ethics. These responsibilities have come to be represented by the field of research ethics, which focuses on the prevention of misconduct and the promotion of globally harmonised approaches to daily conduct. Research ethics has been widely endorsed, and a high level of international agreement has resulted in country-specific approaches to awareness raising and pedagogy – such as the Responsible Conduct of Research approach developed in the USA – being applicable for use in divergent social contexts. In contrast, however, broad social issues have received comparatively less attention from the life science ethics community. Indeed, these topics often do not have a place in ethics curricula, or form “add-on” topics to ethics modules. This thesis suggests that presenting broad social issues as a progression of research ethics topics may cause considerable difficulties for pedagogy. In particular, this thesis suggests that these problems arise through the promotion of an internationally harmonised approach to research ethics, the focus on avoiding misconduct, and the reliance on informal teaching within laboratories as a fundamental aspect of perpetuating research ethics. This thesis suggests that the crucial issue of contextual variations within ethics discussions is often marginalised. I argue such variations may have considerable implications for how scientists engage with notions of professional responsibility. Such points are particularly salient when noting that many scientists in developing countries are introduced to these topics through Western-centric ethics modules that do not take into account social, regulatory and physical variations in research environments in these countries. In order to critically interrogate contextual variations and social responsibility, the thesis makes use of an interdisciplinary approach, using a variety of methods of investigation. The topic of dual-use – the potential for beneficial research to be misused by third parties for nefarious means – was taken as a focalising example of a broad social issue and formed the basis of comparative investigations with scientists in sub-Saharan Africa and the UK. The fieldwork results showed significant variations between how scientists in developing countries and developed countries interacted with the topic of dual-use. It became clear that the Western-centric approach promoted by most current dual-use awareness raising initiatives, and the implicit research ethics teaching approaches in these models, caused considerable difficulties for African scientists attempting to access these discussions. Using the theoretical framework outlined at the beginning of the thesis and the fieldwork, the thesis concludes by proposing a number of changes that could be made to the way that broad social issues are presented to scientists within ethics pedagogy.
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Macpherson, Maeve. "Scepticism and its limits : an investigation of contextualist strategies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/scepticism-and-its-limits-an-investigation-of-contextualist-strategies(d42b41ea-be83-4c14-9eff-9a7878ed99f4).html.
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In this thesis, I investigate different Contextualist strategies for responding to the sceptical Argument from Ignorance (AI). Such responses are notable for not challenging the Principle of Epistemic Closure (widely held to be primarily responsible for the argument's conclusion). I am concerned to explore Contextualism's ability to respond to AI in a way which does not result in an uncomfortable concession to scepticism. In Part 1, I discuss Semantic Contextualism; in Part 2, I investigate how AI fares with regards to transmission of warrant when AI utilises either invariantist or Contextualist presuppositions; and in Part 3, I discuss whether Epistemic Contextualism succeeds where Semantic Contextualism fails, arguing that it does. I conclude with an endorsement of Epistemic Contextualism. Part 1: I demonstrate that Semantic Contextualism, of which I will consider three different varieties (externalist, internalist, presuppositionalist), is overly concessive to scepticism because it results in the following four difficulties: (1) knowledge attributions of the form 'I know/S knows that ~B' (where B stands for the sceptical brain-in-a-vat hypothesis) are invariably false; (2) the sceptical context is extremely easy to install; (3) scepticism is said to result from entirely ordinary epistemic practices and; (4) the sceptical context is taken to be an entirely legitimate context of ascription. I conclude Part 1 with the claim that Semantic Contextualism is overly concessive to scepticism. Part 2: Previously, Moore's Proof of an External World has been diagnosed with failing to transmit the warrant on offer for its premises to its conclusion. I argue that it is possible likewise to charge AI with transmission failure but that this cannot be done when some of the conceptual resources of Contextualism are brought to bear on AI. I show that AI can be charged with transmission failure when it is interpreted in support of invariantist (context-unrestricted) scepticism and that only when it is viewed as an argument for a context-restricted form of scepticism does it succeed in transmitting warrant. In this way, the sceptical consequences of AI are considerably reduced. Part 3: The conceptual resources newly deployed in Part 2, which show that a context-restricted, as opposed to invariantist, interpretation of AI can succeed in transmitting warrant, are borrowed from Michael Williams' Epistemic form of Contextualism. But is this form of Contextualism as concessive to scepticism as I showed Semantic Contextualism to be? I argue that it does not represent an overly concessive position vis-a-vis scepticism and therefore represents a superior Contextualist position and response to scepticism. To establish this conclusion, I interrogate the strategy and main elements of Williams' theoretical diagnosis of scepticism and his resultant version of Contextualism so as to determine the extent to which scepticism can be allayed by it. Particular attention is paid to specifying issues that Williams does not discuss, most prominently how the sceptical context has to be understood in order for it to resist his theoretical diagnosis of scepticism and what makes toleration of such resistance by context-bound scepticism reasonable. I conclude my thesis with an endorsement of Williams' Epistemic Contextualism.
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Eckton, Darin R. "Triggering Relationships that Contextualize the Pathway for Student Success." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3434.
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America invests large amounts of money in K-12 education to develop its human capital. As such, K-12 student success is vital to the human capital development and future of America's children and adolescents. There is significant concern for the K-12 students who are predictably at risk of not graduating from high school (e.g., low-income, ethnic minority, and first generation college students) let alone qualifying for and enrolling in postsecondary education. Over the past four decades student success has primarily been explained by sociological research on status attainment as well as social capital and cultural capital. However, very little research addresses the relationship between this sociological research and motivation theory from the field of psychology. Specifically, student success research generally neglects describing how social capital and cultural capital become contextually and motivationally relevant for K-12 students. This study explored the pathway of success for students from the following backgrounds: low-income, first generation in college, active members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS), Hispanic, graduated from a Utah high school in 2009 and who were admitted to Brigham Young University the same year as new freshmen. Case study methods were employed initially in phase one of the analysis using a grounded theory or emic paradigm, allowing data and patterns to emerge. In phase two of the analysis, using a post-positivist or etic paradigm data were contrasted with existing research. The findings revealed a new model that explains the conditions of student motivation. While the findings support existing research on the influences of social capital and cultural capital on student success, all students in this study experienced a triggering relationship that caused them to contextualize and assign value to various forms of capital in the past and present and leveraged them towards student success. This contextualization also served as a motivation for students to be successful and to pursue additional forms of capital to assist them on their pathway to success. The implications of this triggering relationship theory can assist parents, educators, and many others who facilitate the human capital development of children and adolescents.
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Baichwal, J. S. (Jennifer Suneeta). "Reinhold Niebuhr, sin and contextuality : a re-evaluation of the feminist critique." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23323.
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This thesis comprises a re-evaluation of the feminist theological critique, as given by Valerie Saiving, Judith Plaskow, Daphne Hampson and Susan Nelson Dunfee, of Reinhold Niebuhr's doctrine of sin. The re-evaluation proceeds from a contextual interpretation of Niebuhr's theology in general and a contextual reading of his doctrine of sin in particular. My argument is that Niebuhr is deliberately and consistently a contextual theologian. I locate his contextual methodology in the open-ended approach of Christian realism.<br>The feminist critique is based on the assumption that Niebuhr universally defines the primary sin as pride. It is argued that pride is in fact a distinctly male characteristic, and, while quite plausibly the primary sin for men, is clearly not the primary sin for women. Niebuhr is guilty, that is, of confusing male reality with human reality in the doctrine. Saiving and Plaskow then develop a definition of women's sin which they correspond with Niebuhr's sin of sensuality. This type of sin, rather than being self-aggrandizing, is characterized by inordinate and destructive self-effacement. Their subsidiary argument is that Niebuhr erroneously treats sensuality, which should be equal but opposite to pride, as a secondary form of sin.<br>My argument in this thesis is that the critique rests on a mistaken assumption about the universality of Niebuhr's claim. His concerns were with the powerful. The contextual claim that pride is the primary form of sin in those who are empowered is being mistaken for a claim that pride is the primary sin for all people, regardless of gender or context. My subsidiary argument is that the correlation of women's sin with Niebuhr's understanding of sensuality is mistaken. What the feminists refer to as women's sin is in fact not sin at all for Niebuhr but evidence of injustice. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Marcel, Jean-François. "L'action enseignante. Elements pour une theorie : la contextualis-action." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20051.
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Les recherches en education furent longtemps orientees vers la decouverte de la "bonne methode" d'enseignement. Devant l'echec de ce courant et la vanite des visees prescriptives, nous proposons une nouvelle voie. Depuis quelques temps, nombre de disciplines des sciences humaines insistent sur la necessite de prendre en compte le contexte dans l'etude du fait educatif. A partir de l'approche systemique et du modele du systeme enseignement/apprentissage dit des "interactions en contexte", nous avons theorise le concept de contextualisation. La contextualisation designe l'ensemble des processus interactifs qui relient le sujet agissant et son contexte. Lors de son operationnalisation, nous n'avons retenu que la dimension spatiale du concept de contextualisation. Nous proposons une kaleidoscopie des espaces d'enseignement, conjuguant des lectures geographiques, sociologiques, semiologiques et psycho-sociales des interactions de l'enseignant et de ces espaces. L'organisation des elements descriptifs nous a permis de proposer deux pistes explicatives: "l'hexispedagogique" et "le potentiel energetique de l'action de l'enseignant". La validation s'est effectuee en deux temps. Nous avons tout d'abord montre que les deux pistes entraient en resonance et attestaient par la-meme de l'unicite du concept. Nous avons ensuite evalue leurs capacites heuristiques a l'aune d'une etude des pratiques d'enseignement de la lecture au cp. Enfin, nous avons mis le concept en perspective en proposant quelques elements d'une theorie de l'action enseignante, la contextualis-action. Cette theorie defend l'idee que l'action de l'enseignant ne peut se reduire ni a sa planification (son avant) ni a son projet (son apres). Le "pendant" de l'action, de par sa temporalite lineaire et de par les processus de contextualisation, garde des prerogatives qui lui sont specifiques<br>For un long time researches in education have been heading towards the discovery of "the right method" of teaching. This, coming to a failure and the prescriptive scopes revealing vain, we are suggesting a new way. For some time, a number of subjects in human sciences are putting a stress on the necessity of taking into account the background in the study of the teaching process. Starting from the teaching/training so-called "interactions in context" we have theorized the concept of contextualisation. Contextualisation is the name for all the interactive process which connect the acting person to his/or her context. While operating it we have only retainde the spatial dimension of the concept of contextualisation. We are proposing a kaleidoscopy of the teaching spheres combining geographic, sociologic, semiologic and psycho-social approaches of the interactions of the teacher and these spheres. The organisation of the descriptive elements has enabled us to suggest two possible explanations: "the pedagogic hexis" and the "energetic potential of the teacher's action". There has been two phases in the authentication. We have first shown that both interpretations were in harmony, which testified the uniqueness of the concept. We have then assessed their heuristic capacities which the measure of the teaching practises in reading in the first class of infant school. Finally, we have brought the concept to the fore by suggesting a few elements of the theory of the teaching action, the contextualis-action. The theory supports the idea that the teacher's action can be reduced neither to its planification (its "before") neither to its project (its "after"). The "during" of the action, because of its linear temporality on the one hand and to the processes of contextualisation on the other hand, keeps the prerogatives which are its own
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Souiai, Oussema. "Analyses et prédictions bioinformatiques de réseaux d'interactions protéine-protéines contextualisés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22039.
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Mes travaux de thèse ont pour objet l'analyse et les prédictions bioinformatiques de réseaux d'interactions protéines-protéines contextualisés. Au cours de la première partie de mes travaux nous, avons prédit des interactomes tissulaires sur la base de la co-expression des deux interacteurs composant l'interaction dans un tissu. Par la suite nous avons analysé les caractéristiques fonctionnelles et topologiques des interactomes prédits. Cette analyse a permis de mettre en évidence l'existence d'un noyau d'interactions centrales dédiées aux fonctions de ménages, des interactions spécifiques localisées au centre dédiées aux processus de régulation et des interactions spécifiques localisées à la périphérie et dédiées aux accomplissements des fonctions physiologiques. Au cours de la deuxième partie de mes travaux, nous nous sommes intéressés à la contextualisation d'un interactome de macrophage via l'intégration de méta-données et des données de génomique (données d'expressions, annotation de termes) décrivant les interactions. Les résultats de la comparaison entre les analyses de trascriptomes et d'interactomes de macrophage suite à l'infection par le Mycobacterium tuberculosis se sont avérés complémentaires. En effet, alors que les analyses de transcriptomes mettent en évidence des processus immunitaires déployés par l'hôte, l'analyse des interactomes fait émerger des fonctions tout aussi cruciales pour l'éradication du pathogène telles que l'apoptose et sa régulation<br>This work aims at contextualizing and studying contextualized protein interaction networks. The first topic of my investigations is about predicting and analyzing tissular interactomes. Combined functional and topological analyses were performed. The combination of these features highlighted the existence of a functional core centrally located dedicated to housekeeping functions, central tissue-specific interactions involved in regulatory and developmental functions and peripheral tissue-specific interactions involved in organ physiological functions. This gradient of functions recapitulates the organization of organs, from cells to organs. The second topic of my thesis is the contextualization of macrophage interaction network. To infer the most likely macrophage interactome, we integrated the PPI dataset with other type of meta-data, statistically evaluated them and proposed a macrophage-contextualized interactome. The set of selected interactions is enriched in : experimentally verified interactions and immune related Biological Processes. The functional analysis of such networks brings valuable information on the cellular and molecular mechanisms sustaining the infection
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Runions, Erika J. "Autonomy in adolescent peer relationships from within a contextualist perspective." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0024/MQ33507.pdf.
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Barbosa, Fabricio George Sales. "Estratégia de diversificação na indústria da construção : uma análise contextualista." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2015. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/97812.
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-31<br>The study on diversification investigates how different diversification processes occur in a business group originated in the construction industry. The research analyzes the diversification events in the light of contextual analysis of Pettigrew (1987) and under the streams of strategic advantage. The dimensions of analysis used were: motivation; type; how to execute the diversification strategy; expected performance. The research is characterized as qualitative since is a single case study involving a business group. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured questionnaire interviews, with open questions. Three events of diversification were mapped, which were done in distinct contexts, either from the country is from the own studied group. The first event of diversification was in ingress in the segment of solids residuals which happened ten years after the foundation of the company, being in this services a public concession. The second event was in the segment of hotel management, having one of the characteristics the fact that this business is private and therefore distinct of the acting areas of the group. The last studied event was in the segment of social infrastructure which was about citizen support organ was feasible through a public-private partnership project, which means a concession of public services. The study reached the following results: the three events had as primary motivation the entrepreneurship of shareholders and the good institutional relationship bolstered decisions to diversify in two of the three events; the three events were unrelated diversifications; two events of diversification happened through strategic alliance, while one was through internal development; all of the events presented different performances. The strategic streams Market Based View (MBV), Resource Based View (RBV) and Institution Based View (IBV) complemented themselves, having a preponderance of IBV in events connected to the public concessions and MBV of the segment of hotel management.
Keywords: Diversification. Competitive Advantage. Market Based View. Resource Based View. Institution Based View.<br>O estudo sobre diversificação investiga como ocorrem diferentes processos de diversificação em um grupo empresarial originário da indústria da construção civil. A pesquisa analisa os eventos de diversificação sob a luz da análise contextualista de Pettigrew (1987) e sob as correntes da vantagem estratégica. As dimensões de análise utilizadas foram: motivação; tipologia; forma de execução da estratégia de diversificação; desempenho esperado. A pesquisa realizada caracteriza-se como qualitativa, com estudo de caso único, envolvendo um grupo empresarial. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturado, contendo perguntas abertas. Foram mapeados três eventos de diversificação, os quais foram realizados em contextos distintos, tanto do País como do próprio grupo estudado. O primeiro evento de diversificação foi o ingresso no segmento de resíduos sólidos, o qual ocorreu dez anos após a fundação da construtora, sendo esse serviço uma concessão pública. O segundo evento foi no segmento de hotelaria, tendo como uma das características ser um empreendimento privado e, portanto, distinto do know-how de atuação do grupo. O último evento estudado foi no segmento de infraestrutura social, no qual se tratava de centrais de atendimento ao cidadão sendo viabilizado por meio de um projeto de parceria público-privada, ou seja, uma concessão de serviços públicos. A pesquisa chegou aos seguintes resultados: os três eventos tiveram como principal motivador o empreendedorismo dos acionistas, associado ao bom relacionamento institucional, que amparou as decisões de diversificar em dois dos três eventos; os três eventos foram diversificações não relacionadas; dois eventos de diversificação foram por meio de aliança estratégica, enquanto um foi por desenvolvimento interno; os três eventos apresentaram desempenhos distintos. As correntes estratégicas Visão Baseada no Mercado (VBM), Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR) e Visão Baseada em Instituições (VBI) se complementaram, havendo uma preponderância da VBI nos eventos ligados a concessões públicas, e da VBM no segmento de hotelaria. Palavras-chave: Estratégia de diversificação. Análise Contextualista. Indústria da Construção.
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Durieu, Sabrina. "Fonctionnement d'une représentation sociale et structuration contextualisée du système central." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10048.
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Notre recherche s'intéresse à la représentation sociale que les infirmières ont de leurs fonctions, ceci à partir de l'analyse de deux contextes : les Services d'Accueil des Urgences et les Services d'Hospitalisation. Cette étude s'inscrit dans le cadre de réflexions issues de la théorie du noyau central (Abric, 1976). Nous avons en premier lieu effectué une analyse de similitude et un test de centralité afin de repérer l'organisation de la représentation et les éléments centraux. Afin de préciser le fonctionnement interne de la représentation sociale nous avons opérationnalisé la variable "implication" en nous référant au procédé expérimental proposé par Rouquette et Guimelle (1995). Enfin, nous avons utilisé le modèle des Schèmes Cognitifs de Base sous sa forme classique et selon la procédure des "associations forcées" afin d'étudier les relations entre les éléments centraux et leurs natures dimensionnelles. Les résultats indiquent l'existence d'une représentation partagée autour du Rôle Propre et du Rôle Prescrit. Cependant, le contexte d'exercice, caractérisé par la fréquence de mise en oeuvre spécifique des pratiques, aurait un impact sur l'organisation du système central. Le degré d'implication du sujet conduirait à l'identification de liens différents à l'objet. Ce travail permet l'observation du fonctionnement d'une représentation sociale à partir de l'étude des caractéristiques intrinsèques au système central.
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Leth, Palle. "Paraphrase and Rhetorical Adjustment. An Essay on Contextualism and Cohesion." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0024.
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BARBOSA, Wilton de Melo Gonçalves. "ELEMENTOS PARA A JUSTIFICAÇÃO DE UMA TEORIA CONTEXTUALISTA DA LINGUAGEM." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/10531.
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Dissertaçao Wilton Barbosa ELEMENTOS PARA A JUSTIFICAÇÃO DE UMA TEORIA CONTEXTUALISTA DA LINGUAGEM.pdf: 498916 bytes, checksum: 1aacb3eeffa4d9f6e67d487f845b2c66 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T19:11:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertaçao Wilton Barbosa ELEMENTOS PARA A JUSTIFICAÇÃO DE UMA TEORIA CONTEXTUALISTA DA LINGUAGEM.pdf: 498916 bytes, checksum: 1aacb3eeffa4d9f6e67d487f845b2c66 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013<br>A presente dissertação tem como objetivo reconstruir partes específicas do debate
acerca das teorias sobre subdeterminação semântica no tocante ao papel do
contexto na determinação do significado associado a um proferimento linguístico,
intentando com isto fornecer explicações satisfatórias para o fenômeno da
comunicação. Para tal, investigar-se-ão argumentos dos principais defensores das
correntes minimalistas e contextualistas, bem como autores clássicos em Filosofia
da Linguagem, apresentando seus pontos fortes, suas falhas e esboçando soluções
às aporias identificadas no que concerne a três questões fundamentais: a existência
de constituintes inarticulados nas sentenças; a determinação da noção
semântica/pragmática d'o que é dito (what is said); e finalmente a natureza dos
constituintes do conteúdo semântico. Embora a formulação de tais questões -chave
exija a consideração imparcial de argumentos diametralmente opostos, a postura
adotada ao longo da pesquisa pode ser considerada de orientação contextualista; a
ideia é refinar tais argumentos à luz das discussões atuais tendo como objetivo
principal elencar elementos para uma justificação satisfatória da referida corrente.
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Schreiter, Robert J. "Identity and Communication between Locality/Contextuality and Globality/Universality - A Semiotic-Linguistic Model." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1997. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,610.
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Obeid, Abdul. "Modelling contextuality amidst causal influences by means of a computationally tractable combinatorial approach." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/226105/1/Abdul_Obeid_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis is concerned with modelling contextuality in the fields of Quantum Information Science and Quantum Cognition. It extends the combinatorial approach by contributing computational tractable variants of the Foulis-Randall product and Weighted Fractional Packing Number for arbitrarily large contextuality experiments. The thesis also presents a set of techniques that allow contextuality to be differentiated between causal influences and noise.
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Tabet, Chiara. "Inferences in context : contextualism, inferentialism and the concept of universal quantification." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/688.
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Harland, Anne. "Thought experiments in ethics, a contextualist approach to the grounding problem." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0012/NQ38892.pdf.
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Cocton, Marie-Noëlle. "L' improvisation contextualisée en français langue étrangère : le cas d'apprenants japonais." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3026.
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Pourquoi ne pas improviser en classe de FLE alors que l’improvisation est quotidienne ? La première partie s’applique à définir ce que sont les concepts de communication et d’improvisation, ce que recouvre la communication dans une réalité quotidienne, plus loin que le seul échange linguistique. Créativité tantôt spontanée, tantôt réfléchie, l’improvisation subit des contraintes qui la placent dans un contexte relationnel lié à la culture. La deuxième partie trace un portrait des traits essentiels de la culture des apprenants japonais. Cette présentation de l’acteur social permet de poser la démarche à adopter et d’expliciter le modèle de transcription retenu (Tabensky, 1997). Enfin, une analyse détaillée du corpus expose les bienfaits de l’improvisation – spontanéité, engagement, créativité – et offre ainsi une réflexion sur l’improvisation comme lieu de rencontre interculturelle. Ceci aboutit à une proposition didactique qui se donne pour objectif de découvrir les rôles de l’apprenant et de l’enseignant dans l’apprentissage créatif et de créer un système d’évaluation prenant en compte l’apprenant, le joueur et l’acteur<br>Why not improvise in a French as a Foreign Language class when improvisation is an every day practice ? The first section aims to define the concepts of communication and improvisation, as well as the scope of communication in daily reality, beyond simplelinguistic exchange. At times spontaneous, at times planned, improvisation is limited by the constraints of the cultural context in which it occurs. The second section describes the main features of the Japanese learners’ culture. This description of the social actor allows the approach to adopt to be defined and to explain the chosen transcription model (Tabensky, 1997). Finally, a detailed analysis of the corpus outlines the benefits of improvisation (i. E. Spontaneity, learner engagement, creativity) and provides a reflection on improvisation as an intercultural meeting. This leads to a didactic approach, which sets out to discover the roles of the learner and the teacher in creative learning, and to create a system of evaluation which takes into account the learner, the role-player and the actor
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Noall, Paul. "Corporate turnaround : the application of the contextualist framework for organisational change." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669223.
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Ouali, Mohand Akli. "Modélisation outillée d'une stratégie contextualisée d'observation dans le cadre d'un environnement d'apprentissage." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1018/document.
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Toute situation d’apprentissage est conçue dans le but de répondre à des objectifs pédagogiques spécifiques. Les enseignants-concepteurs évaluent la corrélation entre cesobjectifs et le déroulement réel de la situation d’apprentissage en pratiquant une activité d’observation. Pour être efficace, cette activité a besoin d’être organisée. Le but de ce travail de recherche est de fournir des outils et des méthodes afin d’améliorer cette activité. C’est la raison pour laquelle nous avons proposé le concept de Stratégie d’Observation. Le but est d’apporter aux acteurs d’un système d’apprentissage, et particulièrement à l’enseignant-concepteur, un ensemble d’outils pour 1/ définir des stratégies d’observation et 2/ calculer et restituer les résultats à l’aide d’une interface de visualisation ergonomique et intuitive. Ces deux outils séparés, mais communiquant, sont conçus pour être utilisés avant, pendant et/ou après les sessions d’apprentissage. Le premier outil permet aux enseignants-concepteurs de spécifier la manière dont ils veulent organiser l’observation en utilisant un langage proche de leur langage pédagogique habituel. Ceci en manipulant des indicateurs prédéfinis et des moyens de perception mis à leur disposition, etc. Un tel langage permet de s’abstraire de l’environnement d’apprentissage et de ses éléments qui pourraient restreindre le potentiel de réutilisation des stratégies définies (traces, données brutes, moyens d’observation, etc.). Le destinataire des résultats de l’observation peut utiliser le deuxième outil pour visualiser les indicateurs dans un format adéquat et correspondant à la stratégie spécifiée<br>Every learning situation is designed according to specific instructional objectives. Instructional designers evaluate the correlation between the objectives and the real progress of the learning session by practicing an observation activity. In order to be efficient, the observation must be organized. Our goal in this work aims to provide tools and methods to support the observation activity. That is why we propose the concept of Observing Strategy. Our research aims to provide the actors of a learning system (especially the instructional designers), with a homogeneous set of tools for 1/ defining observation strategies and 2/ calculating and displaying observation results with an ergonomic and intuitive visualization interface. These two tools are designed to be used before, during and/or after the learning sessions. The underlying idea is to propose two separated, but communicating, tools allowing the formalization of observation strategies independent from the chosen TEL system. With the first tool, instructional designers can specify the organization of the observation by using a language and semantics close to their pedagogical practices, handling pre-defined indicators, and available visualization tools etc. Such observation strategy language will not deal with TEL-systems-dependent elements that could restrict the potential reuse of strategies (tracks/raw data, observed data, observing means, etc.).The receiver of the observation results can use the second tool to visualize the results of the indicators’ calculation with the right format and according to the chosen strategy specification