Academic literature on the topic 'Continental Can Company'

The configurations of Gondwana and Pangea are well known because the histories of oceans that opened to disperse Pangea can be reconstructed from their patterns of magnetic stripes (chapters 1 and 9). The configurations of older supercontinents cannot be easily determined because the oceanic lithosphere formed when they dispersed is so old that it has been completely subducted and destroyed. Thus the histories, and even existence, of these older continents must be inferred from indirect evidence. The four most widely used techniques for reconstructing old supercontinents are: paleomagnetic data; correlation of orogenic belts that developed during accretion of the supercontinent: correlation of extensional features that developed when the supercontinent fragmented; and recognition that sediment in one present continent was derived from a source now in another continent. Paleomagnetic information can be used in two ways. One is to compare APW curves for different continental blocks to determine whether there were periods of time when two or more blocks seem to have been joined (appendix C). If similar movements are found for several continental blocks that are now separated, then we can infer that they formed a single block, perhaps a supercontinent, during the period when they had identical APW paths. Another method of using paleomagnetic data is simply to compare the apparent latitudes of numerous continental blocks. Even though longitudes cannot be specified, latitudes can be used to infer proximity of different blocks, thus supporting other information that suggests the configuration of a supercontinent. Correlation of orogenic belts starts with identification of belts of different ages in present continents. Belts of the same age are now scattered all over the earth’s land surface because of fragmentation of supercontinents and movement of modern continents to their present positions. The configurations of older supercontinents can be inferred by placing modern continents into positions in which these orogenic belts line up to form a pattern that would be expected to develop during accretion of a supercontinent. We demonstrate this technique below in our discussion of the configurations of Rodinia and Columbia.

The literature describes a pandemic as a unique form of health crisis that requires intensive communicative efforts. The primary aim of this study is to investigate how COVID-19 health communication campaigns are designed on three continents to get individuals to comply with the proposed actions and measures. Results indicate that the prevalence of emotional messages correspond with previous research findings, which demonstrated that similarity with a testimonial and narratives can be useful tools to increase message effectiveness. Hence, government officials are advised to invest in message presentation.

The two most important life functions that organisms carry out to persist in the environment are reproduction and growth. In this chapter we examine the role of climate and climate variability as controlling factors in the growth of one of the most important and productive of the North American boreal forest tree species, white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss). Because the relationship between climate and tree growth is so close, tree-ring properties have been used successfully for many years as a proxy to reconstruct past climates. Our recent reconstruction of nineteenth- century summer temperatures at Fairbanks based on white spruce tree-ring characteristics (Barber et al. in press) reveals a fundamental pattern of quasi-decadal climate variability. The values in this reconstruction of nineteenth-century Fairbanks summer temperatures are surprisingly warm compared to values in much of the published paleoclimatic literature for boreal North America. In this chapter we compare our temperature reconstructions with ring-width records in northern and south-central Alaska to see whether tree-growth signals in the nineteenth century in those regions are consistent with tree-ring characteristics in and near Bonanza Creek (BNZ) LTER (25 km southwest of Fairbanks) that suggest warm temperatures during the mid-nineteenth century. We also present a conceptual model of key limiting events in white spruce reproduction and compare it to a 39-year record of seed fall at BNZ. Finally, we derive a radial growth pattern index from white spruce at nine stands across Interior Alaska that matches recent major seed crop events in the BNZ monitoring period, and we identify dates after 1800 when major seed crops of white spruce, which are infrequent, may have been produced. The boreal region is characterized by a broad zone of forest with a continuous distribution across Eurasia and North America, amounting to about 17% of the earth’s land surface area (Bonan et al. 1992). The boreal region is often conceived of as a zone of relatively homogenous climate, but in fact a surprising diversity of climates are present. During the long days of summer, continental interior locations under persistent high-pressure systems experience hot weather that can promote extensive forest fires frequently exceeding 100 kilohectares (K ha). Summer daily maximum temperatures are cooled to a considerable degree in maritime portions of the boreal region affected by air masses that originate over the North Atlantic, North Pacific, or Arctic Oceans.

For years i’ve been making solo backpacking trips into the wilderness of the Missouri Ozarks. Leaving on a Friday afternoon, I’ll invariably stuff a copy of one of the spiritual classics into my well-worn Kelty pack. I hike at times with John Ruysbroeck or Hildegard of Bingen, now and then with Rumi or Lao-tzu. Old mountains seem to invite the company of old teachers. Some of the oldest rock on the continent lies in the St. Francois Mountains of southeast Missouri. The creek beds are lined with Precambrian granite and pink rhyolite, rocks over a billion and a half years old. In terrain like this, the earth itself is an ancient teacher, illuminating in unexpected ways the text I bring with me. These trips into backcountry are my way of occasionally retreating like a hermit into an isolated place, receiving spiritual direction from an old master. Without this regular discipline every few months, my life would move off center. Experience in backcountry feeds me like nothing else in my life. I’m fascinated by how the chosen site, the embrace of solitude, and the spiritual guide I happen to take along often have a way of coming together for me. I discover the holy in the smell of pine needles, the dread of gathering storm clouds, and the ache of shoulder muscles at the end of the day. The purpose of this book is to show how wilderness backpacking can be a form of spiritual practice, what Bill Plotkin calls a “soulcraft” exercise. Exposure to the harsh realities and fierce beauties of a world not aimed at my comfort has a way of cutting through the self-absorption of my life. The uncontrolled mystery of nature puts the ego in check and invites the soul back (in more than one way) to the ground of its being. It elicits the soul’s deepest desire, enforces a rigorous discipline, and demands a life marked by activism and resistance. It reminds me, in short, that spiritual practice—far from being anything ethereal—is a highly tactile, embodied, and visceral affair.

Since the introduction of automated ultrasonic testing (AUT) in the late 1990s, acceptance levels for fabrication flaws in girth welds have in the main been established using fracture mechanics. The specific advice required for engineering critical assessment (ECA) where pipeline installation methods involve plastic strain, is already available in company specifications, and general standards and guidance. Although each subsea development is typically comprised of a number of pipelines with widely ranging functions, materials and geometry, the combination of small diameter and thin-wall linepi

Leaking joints are a main cause of hydrocarbon releases on United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS) offshore sites. The consequential costs of shutdowns and repair can be very high. There are other significant risks, notably to occupational safety, major incident safety and the environment. Fundamental to joint integrity is the competence of the personnel involved. Leak data indicates that poor joint make-up is a major cause of leaks and a review of the causes confirms that the current skills and practices do not give leak-free joints. Therefore the most important element of a management system

Abstract Speed of product to the market place was always important. This has become increasingly so with the onslaught of globalisation. What is released on the High Street in the USA today will be sold on the shelves and counters of shops in other continents within days. This has placed pressure on the designer to complete his task or contract with even more alacrity than was the case, even as recently as ten years ago. The cliché “we have the Technology”, is a truism in the world of manufacturing and design, but use of the available technology is, perhaps, not as apparent as it is generally

Freight rail carriers have been continuously challenged to reduce costs and comply with increasingly stringent environmental standards, into a continuously competing and environmentally driven industry. In this context, current availability and relative abundance of clean and low cost non conventional gas reserves have aroused a comprehensive reevaluation of rail industry into fuel option, especially where freight rail are strongly diesel based. Countries in which rail sector is required to play an important role in transport matrix, where fuel expenditures currently accounts for a significant

The need for planning regarding investment in infrastructures is recognised and supported by most governments around the world. Planning helps to take effective and correct decisions, provides a basis for monitoring its impacts and also facilitates further developments. However it requires a high level of organization, coordination among stakeholders and anticipation of transport needs. There are some different methodological approaches for strategic planning. This paper examines the importance of infrastructure planning and how it is undertaken in different countries from Europe and other con

Drilling fluids play an important role in safe and efficient drilling operations. Wellbore stability, formation integrity, drill string lubrication, and cuttings transport are among their main requirements. The removal of a cuttings bed is one of the major difficulties while trying to keep up a steady drilling progress. Deviated and long horizontal wellbore sections provide challenges not only to the drilling equipment in use, but also to the fluids. Cuttings accumulate easily on the bottom of a wellbore section due to gravity and can therefore reduce hole cleaning efficiency. Cuttings transpo