Journal articles: 'Continental Celtic'

1

Eska, Joseph F. "Two notes on Continental Celtic." Etudes Celtiques 27, no. 1 (1990): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecelt.1990.1928.

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Russell, Paul. "The suffix -āko- in Continental Celtic." Etudes Celtiques 25, no. 1 (1988): 131–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecelt.1988.1877.

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Hamp, Eric P. "Notes on Continental Celtic and Indo-European." Etudes Celtiques 36, no. 1 (2008): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecelt.2008.2298.

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Pilný, Ondřej. "Irish Studies in Continental Europe." Irish University Review 50, no. 1 (May 2020): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2020.0448.

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This essay seeks to give an overview of the study of Ireland and its culture in continental Europe from the late eighteenth century up to the present day. It discusses the early interest in Ossianic poetry, Celtic philology, and travel writing, together with the internationalist standing of modernist writers such as Joyce and Beckett as the roots of how and under which rubric Irish culture has been received by the general public and studied at universities, and then proceeds to examine the current state of Irish Studies and its prospects on the European continent.

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Markey, T. L. "Early celticity in Slovenia and at rhaetic Magrè (Schio)." Linguistica 46, no. 1 (December 1, 2006): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.46.1.145-172.

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From the area around lakes Maggiore and Como in the west clear across the northern alpine crest of the Italian peninsula to the Balkans (albeit primarily in Slovenia) in the east we find the following varieties of early Continental Celtic: Golaseccan ILepontic (with highly archaic features by virtue of dramatically early attestation, ca. 550-350 BC); Camunic (meagerly recorded, etymologically opaque, but, if anything, probably mainly Celtic) in Valcamonica north of Lago d'Iseo, also beginning about 550 BC; Rhaeto Celtic (also but fragmentarily recorded, ca. 450-40 BC) from various sites such as Vadena (Pfatten) south of Bolzano (Bozen) in the Fritzens Sanseno and Magre Horizons; Carnian (northward from Udine, evidenced chiefly by onomastics, e.g. present-day Cadore < *Catubrigum 'battle-mount') and East Celtic in southwestern Austria and the Balkans (again but fragmentarily retrievable from, for example, Magdalensberg and the onomastics retrievable from Roman necropoli such as that at lg south of the Ljubljana marshes; see Hamp [1976, 1978]).

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BRUN, N., and M. PERNOT. "THE OPAQUE RED GLASS OF CELTIC ENAMELS FROM CONTINENTAL EUROPE." Archaeometry 34, no. 2 (August 1992): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.1992.tb00495.x.

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LUTZ, ANGELIKA. "Celtic influence on Old English and West Germanic." English Language and Linguistics 13, no. 2 (July 2009): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674309003001.

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This article concentrates on the question of language contact between English and Celtic in the period between the Anglo-Saxon conquest of Britannia (?AD 449) and the Norman conquest of England (AD 1066) but in some places reaches out to West Germanic times and to the period after the Norman conquest. It focuses on a certain region, that of the Southern Lowlands, mainly Anglo-Saxon Wessex, and deals with evidence that has been mentioned before: (1) the twofold paradigm of ‘to be’ and (2) the Old English designations for Celts that refer to their status as slaves. The article demonstrates that both the syntactic and the lexico-semantic evidence is particularly concentrated in West Saxon texts. Together, both types of evidence are shown to support the assumption that a very substantial Celtic population exerted substratal influence on (pre-)Old English by way of large-scale language shift in one of the early heartlands of England. This substratal Insular Celtic influence on Old English is contrasted with the adstratal Celtic influence on continental West Germanic.

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Coates, Richard. "Cogidubnus Revisited." Antiquaries Journal 85 (September 2005): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500074424.

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The purpose of this article is to address a philological point which is of greater complexity than has been assumed by previous writers on the topic, namely the possible emendation of a restored Romano-Celtic name in a famous inscription from Chichester, Sussex (TUB I.91J. This also requires the weighing-up of alternatives for its interpretation and for the emendation and interpretation of apparently related names in other sources. I conclude guardedly, on the balance of probabilities, that the emendation can be shown to be justified, but only if we accept that the name involved is probably not British. Instead, it may be Continental Celtic.

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Mullen, Alex. "Linguistic Evidence for ‘Romanization’: Continuity and Change in Romano-British Onomastics: A Study of the Epigraphic Record with Particular Reference to Bath." Britannia 38 (November 2007): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/000000007784016548.

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Based on a new online database of Celtic personal names, this research demonstrates how the study of Romano-British onomastics can shed light on the complexities of linguistic and cultural contacts, complementing archaeological material and literary sources. After an introductory section on methodology, Part One analyses naming formulae and expressions of filiation as evidence for both continuity and change dependent on social and geographical factors. Confusion and contamination between the Latin and Celtic systems proved much less common than on the Continent, where earlier contact with Roman culture and the written tradition for Continental Celtic occasionally facilitated an unusual form of syncretism. Part Two examines the naming formulae attested at Roman Bath and the mechanisms by which Celts adopted Latin names. The case-study of Bath relates continuity and change in both naming formulae and nomenclature to an acceptance of, or resistance to, ‘Romanization’ in Britain.

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Prsper, Blanca. "The instrumental case in the thematic noun inflection of Continental Celtic." Historical Linguistics 124, no. 1 (July 1, 2011): 250–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/hisp.2011.124.1.250.

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Hughes, A. J. "On substantiating Indo-European *wḷHos ’wolf’ in Celtic, Continental and Insular." Etudes Celtiques 38, no. 1 (2012): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecelt.2012.2352.

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Neuman, Robert B. "Famatinorthis cf. F. turneri Levy and Nullo, 1973 (Brachiopoda, Orthida) from the Shin Brook Formation (Ordovician, Arenig) in Maine." Journal of Paleontology 71, no. 5 (September 1997): 812–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000035757.

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Famatinorthis cf. F. turneri Levy and Nullo, 1973, is an abundant component of a poorly preserved brachiopod assemblage in volcaniclastic rocks at one locality in the Arenig-age Shin Brook Formation in northeastern Maine. The brachiopod assemblage of the Shin Brook Formation has been classed as a Celtic biogeographic assemblage that is interpreted to have lived in cool water at mid- to high peri-Gondwanan latitudes. Famatinorthis turneri sensu stricto is one of the six brachiopod species known from coeval volcanicsrich rocks of continental margin affinities in the Famatina Range of northwestern Argentina; the presence of its congener in Maine supports the Celtic affinities of the Famatina assemblage, but its Ordovician location remains cryptic.

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Thomsen, L. A., and I. N. McCave. "Aggregation processes in the benthic boundary layer at the Celtic Sea continental margin." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 47, no. 8 (August 2000): 1389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0637(99)00110-7.

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14

FILPPULA, MARKKU. "The rise of it-clefting in English: areal-typological and contact-linguistic considerations." English Language and Linguistics 13, no. 2 (July 2009): 267–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674309003025.

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Recent areal and typological research has brought to light several syntactic features which English shares with the Celtic languages as well as some of its neighbouring western European languages, but not with (all of) its Germanic sister languages, especially German. This study focuses on one of them, viz. the so-called it-cleft construction. What makes the it-cleft construction particularly interesting from an areal and typological point of view is the fact that, although it does not belong to the defining features of so-called Standard Average European (SAE), it has a strong presence in French, which is in the ‘nucleus’ of languages forming SAE alongside Dutch, German, and (northern dialects of) Italian. In German, however, clefting has remained a marginal option, not to mention most of the eastern European languages which hardly make use of clefting at all. This division in itself prompts the question of some kind of a historical-linguistic connection between the Celtic languages (both Insular and Continental), English, and French (or, more widely, Romance languages). Before tackling that question, one has to establish whether it-clefting is part of Old (and Middle) English grammar, and if so, to what extent it is used in these periods. In the first part of this article (sections 2 and 3), I trace the emergence of it-clefts on the basis of data from The York–Toronto–Helsinki Corpus of Old English Prose and The Penn–Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English, second edition. Having established the gradually increasing use of it-clefts from OE to ME, I move on to discuss the areal distribution of clefting among European languages and its typological implications (section 4). This paves the way for a discussion of the possible role played by language contacts, and especially those with the Celtic languages, in the emergence of it-clefting in English (section 5). It is argued that contacts with the Celtic languages provide the most plausible explanation for the development of this feature of English. This conclusion is supported by the chronological precedence of the cleft construction in the Celtic languages, its prominence in modern-period ‘Celtic Englishes’, and close parallels between English and the Celtic languages with respect to several other syntactic features.

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15

King, Anthony. "Animal Remains from Temples in Roman Britain." Britannia 36 (November 2005): 329–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/000000005784016964.

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ABSTRACTApproximately twenty temple excavations have yielded significant assemblages of animal bones. All come from Romano-Celtic temples in southern Britain, with the exception of four shrines for eastern cults. This paper picks out major characteristics of the assemblages and draws some general conclusions about the nature of the ritual activity that led to their deposition. At temples such as Uley or Hayling, sacrifices were probably an important part of the rituals, and the animals carefully selected. At other temples, animals had a lesser role, with little evidence of selection. At healing shrines, such as Bath and Lydney, animal sacrifices are not clearly attested, and would probably have taken place away from the areas used for healing humans. In contrast to the Romano-Celtic temples, animal remains at the shrines of eastern cults have very different characteristics: individual deposits can be linked to specific rituals within the cult buildings, and have many similarities to the continental evidence

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Medović, Aleksandar, Ana Marjanović-Jeromela, and Aleksandar Mikić. "An update to the La Tène plant economy in northern Serbia." Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo 58, no. 2 (2021): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ratpov58-33250.

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The archaeobotanical research of the macrobiotic remains from archaeological sites provides a valuable insight into the plant economy of the continental Celtic (Gaulish or Galatian) tribe of Scordisci, which lived around the rivers of Sava, Drava and Danube during the last three centuries before Christ. The field crop production of Scordisci was based upon cereals, grain legumes and oil crops. The importance of spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.) in the everyday diets of Scordisci has been underestimated so far. Recent researches proved the presence of Byzantine oat (Avena byzantina K. Koch) at the Celtic tilths in the northern Balkans. Cereals were stored in mud-plastered granary baskets. The spectrum of grain legumes is as diverse as that of cereals. The latest analyses expand the list of oil plants with a new species-dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica (M.Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.). There is also the first evidence of a beer production facility in one of the Scordisci oppida, Čarnok.

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17

Marrec, P., T. Cariou, E. Macé, P. Morin, L. A. Salt, M. Vernet, B. Taylor, K. Paxman, and Y. Bozec. "Dynamics of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the northwestern European shelf based on voluntary observing ship and satellite observations." Biogeosciences 12, no. 18 (September 18, 2015): 5371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5371-2015.

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Abstract. From January 2011 to December 2013, we constructed a comprehensive pCO2 data set based on voluntary observing ship (VOS) measurements in the western English Channel (WEC). We subsequently estimated surface pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes in northwestern European continental shelf waters using multiple linear regressions (MLRs) from remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a), wind speed (WND), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and modeled mixed layer depth (MLD). We developed specific MLRs for the seasonally stratified northern WEC (nWEC) and the permanently well-mixed southern WEC (sWEC) and calculated surface pCO2 with uncertainties of 17 and 16 μatm, respectively. We extrapolated the relationships obtained for the WEC based on the 2011–2013 data set (1) temporally over a decade and (2) spatially in the adjacent Celtic and Irish seas (CS and IS), two regions which exhibit hydrographical and biogeochemical characteristics similar to those of WEC waters. We validated these extrapolations with pCO2 data from the SOCAT and LDEO databases and obtained good agreement between modeled and observed data. On an annual scale, seasonally stratified systems acted as a sink of CO2 from the atmosphere of −0.6 ± 0.3, −0.9 ± 0.3 and −0.5 ± 0.3 mol C m−2 yr−1 in the northern Celtic Sea, southern Celtic sea and nWEC, respectively, whereas permanently well-mixed systems acted as source of CO2 to the atmosphere of 0.2 ± 0.2 and 0.3 ± 0.2 mol C m−2 yr−1 in the sWEC and IS, respectively. Air–sea CO2 fluxes showed important inter-annual variability resulting in significant differences in the intensity and/or direction of annual fluxes. We scaled the mean annual fluxes over these provinces for the last decade and obtained the first annual average uptake of −1.11 ± 0.32 Tg C yr−1 for this part of the northwestern European continental shelf. Our study showed that combining VOS data with satellite observations can be a powerful tool to estimate and extrapolate air–sea CO2 fluxes in sparsely sampled area.

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Pagliarulo, Giuseppe. "On the Etymology of Gothic Alew." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 31, no. 2 (April 15, 2019): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542718000132.

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Gothic alew ‘oil’ is ultimately derived from Latin oleum. Its phonological features, however, seem hardly reconcilable with those of the Latin word. This has prompted scholars to postulate that the Latin word was not borrowed directly into Gothic but rather via a third language: continental Celtic, Illyrian or Raetic. This article examines the weaknesses of these theories and proposes that the unexpected features of the Gothic item may be explained in terms of proper Gothic or Latin developments, making direct derivation of alew from oleum the most plausible and parsimonious hypothesis.

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Warbrick, Colin, and Huw Llewellyn. "III. The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf: Joint Submission by France, Ireland, Spain, and the United Kingdom." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 56, no. 3 (July 2007): 677–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei189.

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On 19 May 2006, France, Ireland, Spain and the United Kingdom deposited a joint submission with the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (the Commission) concerning the continental shelf extending beyond 200 nautical miles out into the Bay of Biscay and the Celtic Sea. The Commission was established under Annex II of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This was the sixth submission received by the Commission, but the first such joint submission made by a group of coastal States.1 The Commission's task is to make recommendations on the outer limits of the continental shelf, not to delimit the boundaries of the continental shelf among the four coastal States. That will be done by the four States themselves through consultation and negotiation after the Commission has made its recommendations. The Commission began consideration of the joint submission at its 18th session which began on 21 August 2006 at the UN Headquarters in New York. The Sub-Commission that it appointed to examine the joint submission in detail has held a number of hearings with the four delegations—in August 2006, and January and March 2007. It is not expected to transmit its recommendations to the full Commission until the 20th session beginning in August 2007.

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NEVILLE, CYNTHIA J. "Native Lords and the Church in Thirteenth-Century Strathearn, Scotland." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 53, no. 3 (July 2001): 454–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046901008715.

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The thirteenth century in Scotland witnessed a determined effort on the part of the crown and its ecclesiastical officials to initiate a series of reforms comparable to those that had so deeply altered the social and religious life of England and continental Europe. An important aspect of the transformation that occurred in Scotland was the consolidation of a network of parish churches throughout the kingdom. Scottish authorities, however, encountered several obstacles in their attempts to create parishes, and especially to assign sufficient revenues to them. In the lordships controlled by old Celtic families in particular the Church's designs sometimes clashed with the interests of great native land-holders and their kinsmen. In many of these lordships the process of parish formation was ultimately the result of negotiation and litigation which saw the Church forced to accommodate the claims of Celtic landowners. This article examines, in the context of the native lordship of Strathearn, the struggles that marked the creation and consolidation of some parishes in thirteenth-century Scotland.

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Turner, Robin, and J. J. Wymer. "An Assemblage of Palaeolithic Hand-Axes from the Roman Religious Complex at Ivy Chimneys, Witham, Essex." Antiquaries Journal 67, no. 1 (March 1987): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500026275.

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This paper describes the context and nature of an assemblage of forty-four Palaeolithic hand-axes from a Roman religious site at Witham, Essex. The hand-axes are considered to have been derived from several sources, and it is suggested that the Romano-British occupants of the site deliberately selected them for their shape and placed them in the bottom of two large man-made depressions. In the light of stone axe finds on continental temple sites, and of classical Roman texts and traditions, the possibility arises that the Witham finds may have represented ‘thunderbolts’ in the worship of Jupiter or a local Celtic equivalent.

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Bubert, Marcel. "„Indo-European in Basis and Origin“. Das altirische Recht zwischen insularem Archaismus und europäischer Verflechtung." Das Mittelalter 25, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mial-2020-0012.

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AbstractResearch on Old Irish law was from the very beginning related to specific epistemological and political contexts in which Celtic and Indo-European Studies emerged as scientific disciplines at the end of the 19th century. The premise of historical linguistics that the Indo-European languages derived from a common ‘origin’ had far reaching implications for studies on medieval Celtic law tracts. Since linguists had discovered significant parallels between Old Irish and Sanskrit, the legal traditions of Ireland and India were believed to preserve archaic Indo-European continuities as well. Against this background, and in a particular political context, Irish scholars of the 20th century argued for the autonomy and isolation of Old Irish law which was supposed to be unaffected by the Latin and Christian literature of continental Europe. However, later researches departed radically from this national perspective and emphasized the impact of Canon law, hagiography and the Bible on Irish written culture. This article takes up a different perspective by focusing on the persistence of a legal imagery that was by no means essentially Indo-European but still provided conceptual tools for the interpretation and ‘translation’ of texts, as they occur in vernacular adaptations of Latin literature.

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Fomin, Maxim. "THE HUNT SCENES OF THE IRISH HIGH CROSSES AND THE ICONOGRAPHY OF THE CONTINENTAL CELTIC STAG DEITY." Text and Image: Essential Problems in Art History, no. 2 (2016): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-4801.2016.2.01.

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Dullo W, C., S. Flögel, and A. Rüggeberg. "Cold-water coral growth in relation to the hydrography of the Celtic and Nordic European continental margin." Marine Ecology Progress Series 371 (November 19, 2008): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07623.

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Poremba, K., and H.-G. Hoppe. "Spatial variation of benthic microbial production and hydrolytic enzymatic activity down the continental slope of the Celtic Sea." Marine Ecology Progress Series 118 (1995): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps118237.

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Lavaleye, M. S. S., G. C. A. Duineveld, E. M. Berghuis, A. Kok, and R. Witbaard. "A comparison between the megafauna communities on the N.W. Iberian and Celtic continental margins—effects of coastal upwelling?" Progress in Oceanography 52, no. 2-4 (January 2002): 459–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6611(02)00019-8.

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Repanšek, Luka. "Blanca María Prósper. The Indo-European Names of Central Hispania. A Study in Continental Celtic and Latin Word Formation." Journal of Language Relationship 15, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2017): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2017-151-214.

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Duineveld, G. C. A., M. S. S. Lavaleye, E. M. Berghuis, P. A. W. J. de Wilde, J. van der Weele, A. Kok, S. D. Batten, and J. W. de Leeuw. "Patterns of benthic fauna and benthic respiration on the celtic continental margin in relation to the distribution of phytodetritus." Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 82, no. 3 (1997): 395–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19970820312.

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Sadownik, Alicja R., Yvonne Bakken, Josephine Gabi, Adrijana Višnjić-Jevtić, and Jennifer Koutoulas. "Unfreezing the Discursive Hegemonies Underpinning Current Versions of “Social Sustainability” in ECE Policies in Anglo–Celtic, Nordic and Continental Contexts." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 4758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094758.

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Social sustainability is linked to finding new ways of living together and strengthening social capital and participation, as well as to social justice and equity in societies, and it is becoming increasingly important for diverse multicultural societies. In this article, we trace understandings of social sustainability as established in Early Childhood Education (ECE) policy documents by following the chains of meaning connected to sense of belonging, local place and cultural diversity and through ECE collaboration with children’s parents/caregivers. Critical discourse analysis has been applied to trace the chains of meaning attached to these concepts in ECE steering documents in Australia, Croatia, Denmark, Norway, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden and the UK (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland). Such analysis shows different ways in which the ECE polices indirectly work with social sustainability, as well as create critical distance from the sets of meanings established in each country (by proving a chain of meaning established in the policy documents of another country). In conclusion, we do not advocate in favour of any of the chains of meaning but argue for continual reflection and reflexivity, and we see research to be a particularly significant arena in which to unfreeze the taken for granted and sustainable notion.

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Van Oostende, Nicolas, Jérôme Harlay, Bart Vanelslander, Lei Chou, Wim Vyverman, and Koen Sabbe. "Phytoplankton community dynamics during late spring coccolithophore blooms at the continental margin of the Celtic Sea (North East Atlantic, 2006–2008)." Progress in Oceanography 104 (October 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2012.04.016.

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Downie, AL, T. Noble-James, A. Chaverra, and KL Howell. "Predicting sea pen (Pennatulacea) distribution on the UK continental shelf: evidence of range modification by benthic trawling." Marine Ecology Progress Series 670 (July 22, 2021): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13744.

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Sea pen communities are United Nations General Assembly-designated Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems which occur worldwide in soft-bottom sediments where trawling often occurs. However, the ability of marine managers to assess, monitor and mitigate impacts to sea pens at national scales has been constrained by a limited understanding of their environmental requirements, geographical distribution and responses to trawling. In this study, we used random forest species distribution modelling (SDM) to predict the distribution of suitable habitat for 3 sea pen species (tall sea pen Funiculina quadrangularis, slender sea pen Virgularia mirabilis and phosphorescent sea pen Pennatula phosphorea) on the UK continental shelf, exploring the results relative to the distribution of fishing activity. Occurrence of all 3 species corresponded to areas of low current and wave velocity, where suspended matter in the water column was also low. However, for F. quadrangularis, the largest species, the models indicated substantially different drivers of distribution between the Greater North Sea and Celtic Seas ICES Ecoregions. This disparity appears to reflect modification to the range and realised niche of this species in the Greater North Sea, due to trawling impacts. P. phosphorea and V. mirabilis appear to be more resilient to trawling, with no clear negative relationships observed. Our findings illustrate the value of broadscale qualitative comparisons between SDMs and human activity data for insights on pressure-state relationships. When combined with robust distribution maps, this improved understanding of vulnerability will enable marine managers to make ecologically sound, defensible decisions and deliver tangible conservation outcomes for sea pen communities.

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Hunter, W. R., A. Jamieson, V. A. I. Huvenne, and U. Witte. "Sediment community responses to marine vs. terrigenous organic matter in a submarine canyon." Biogeosciences 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2013): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-67-2013.

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Abstract. The Whittard Canyon is a branching submarine canyon on the Celtic continental margin, which may act as a conduit for sediment and organic matter (OM) transport from the European continental slope to the abyssal sea floor. In situ stable-isotope labelling experiments were conducted in the eastern and western branches of the Whittard Canyon, testing short-term (3–7 days) responses of sediment communities to deposition of nitrogen-rich marine (Thalassiosira weissflogii) and nitrogen-poor terrigenous (Triticum aestivum) phytodetritus. 13C and 15N labels were traced into faunal biomass and bulk sediments, and the 13C label traced into bacterial polar lipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Isotopic labels penetrated to 5 cm sediment depth, with no differences between stations or experimental treatments (substrate or time). Macrofaunal assemblage structure differed between the eastern and western canyon branches. Following deposition of marine phytodetritus, no changes in macrofaunal feeding activity were observed between the eastern and western branches, with little change between 3 and 7 days. Macrofaunal C and N uptake was substantially lower following deposition of terrigenous phytodetritus with feeding activity governed by a strong N demand. Bacterial C uptake was greatest in the western branch of the Whittard Canyon, but feeding activity decreased between 3 and 7 days. Bacterial processing of marine and terrigenous OM were similar to the macrofauna in surficial (0–1 cm) sediments. However, in deeper sediments bacteria utilised greater proportions of terrigenous OM. Bacterial biomass decreased following phytodetritus deposition and was negatively correlated to macrofaunal feeding activity. Consequently, this study suggests that macrofaunal–bacterial interactions influence benthic C cycling in the Whittard Canyon, resulting in differential fates for marine and terrigenous OM.

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Hunter, W. R., A. Jamieson, V. A. I. Huvenne, and U. Witte. "Food quality determines sediment community responses to marine vs. terrigenous organic matter in a submarine canyon." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 8 (August 22, 2012): 11331–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-11331-2012.

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Abstract. The Whittard canyon is a branching submarine canyon on the Celtic continental margin, which may act as a conduit for sediment and organic matter (OM) transport from the European continental slope to the abyssal sea floor. In situ stable-isotope labelling experiments were conducted in the eastern and western branches of the Whittard canyon testing short term (3–7 day) responses of sediment communities to deposition of nitrogen-rich marine (Thallassiosira weissflogii) and nitrogen-poor terrigenous (Triticum aestivum) phytodetritus. 13C and 15N labels were traced into faunal biomass and bulk sediments, and the 13C label traced into bacterial polar lipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Isotopic labels penetrated to 5 cm sediment depth, with no differences between stations or experimental treatments (substrate or time). Macrofaunal assemblage structure differed between the eastern and western canyon branches. Following deposition of marine phytodetritus, no changes in macrofaunal feeding activity were observed between the eastern and western branches, with little change between 3 and 7 days. Macrofaunal C and N uptake was substantially lower following deposition of terrigenous phytodetritus with feeding activity governed by a strong N demand. Bacterial C uptake was greatest, in the western branch of the Whittard canyon, but feeding activity decreased between 3 and 7 days. Bacterial processing of marine and terrigenous OM were similar to the macrofauna in surficial (0–1 cm) sediments. However, in deeper sediments bacteria utilised greater proportions of terrigenous OM. Bacterial biomass decreased following phytodetritus deposition and was negatively correlated to macrofaunal feeding activity. Consequently, this study suggests that macrofaunal-bacterial interactions influence benthic C cycling in the Whittard canyon, resulting in differential fates for marine and terrigenous OM.

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Martin-Jézéquel, V., and C. Videau. "Phytoplankton and bacteria over the transient area of the continental slope of the Celtic Sea in spring. I. Vertical distribution and productivity." Marine Ecology Progress Series 85 (1992): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps085289.

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Scourse, J. D., and M. F. A. Furze. "A critical review of the glaciomarine model for Irish sea deglaciation: evidence from southern Britain, the Celtic shelf and adjacent continental slope." Journal of Quaternary Science 16, no. 5 (2001): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.629.

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Gallagher, Colman. "The morphology and palaeohydrology of a submerged glaciofluvial channel emerging from Waterford Harbour onto the nearshore continental shelf of the Celtic Sea." Irish Geography 35, no. 2 (January 2002): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00750770209555800.

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Holt, J., M. Butenschön, S. L. Wakelin, Y. Artioli, and J. I. Allen. "Oceanic controls on the primary production of the northwest European continental shelf under recent past and potential future conditions." Biogeosciences Discussions 8, no. 4 (August 19, 2011): 8383–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-8-8383-2011.

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Abstract. In this paper we clearly demonstrate that changes in oceanic nutrients are a first order factor in determining changes in the primary production of the northwest European continental shelf on time scales of 5–10 yr. We present a series of coupled hydrodynamic ecosystem modelling simulations, using the POLCOMS-ERSEM system. These are forced by both re-analysis data and a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (OA-GCM) representative of possible conditions in 2080–2100 under an SRES A1B emissions scenario, along with the corresponding present day control. The OA-GCM forced simulations show a substantial reduction in surface nutrients in the open-ocean regions of the model domain, comparing future and present day time-slices. This arises from a large increase in oceanic stratification. Tracer transport experiments identify a substantial fraction of on-shelf water originates from the open-ocean region in the south of the domain, where this increase is largest, and indeed the on-shelf nutrient and primary production are reduced as this water is transported on shelf. This relationship is confirmed quantitatively by comparing changes in winter nitrate with total annual nitrate uptake. The reduction in primary production by the reduced nutrient transport is mitigated by on-shelf processes relating to temperature, stratification (length of growing season) and recycling. Regions less exposed to ocean-shelf exchange in this model (Celtic Sea, Irish Sea, English Channel, and southern North Sea) show a modest increase in primary production (of 5–10 %) compared with a decrease of 0–20 % in the outer shelf, central and northern North Sea. These findings are backed up by a boundary condition perturbation experiment and a simple mixing model.

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Sibuet, Jean-Claude, Jerome Dyment, Christian Bois, Bertrand Pinet, and Helene Ondreas. "Crustal structure of the Celtic Sea and western approaches from gravity data and deep seismic profiles: Constraints on the formation of continental basins." Journal of Geophysical Research 95, B7 (1990): 10999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb095ib07p10999.

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Kopp, D., M. Robert, and L. Pawlowski. "Characterization of food web structure of the upper continental slope of the Celtic Sea highlighting the trophic ecology of five deep-sea fishes." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 34, no. 1 (November 16, 2017): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jai.13544.

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De Noia, Michele, Luca Telesca, David L. J. Vendrami, Hatice K. Gokalp, Grégory Charrier, Elizabeth M. Harper, and Joseph I. Hoffman. "Population Genetic Structure Is Unrelated to Shell Shape, Thickness and Organic Content in European Populations of the Soft-Shell Clam Mya Arenaria." Genes 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11030298.

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The soft-shell clam Mya arenaria is one of the most ancient invaders of European coasts and is present in many coastal ecosystems, yet little is known about its genetic structure in Europe. We collected 266 samples spanning a latitudinal cline from the Mediterranean to the North Sea and genotyped them at 12 microsatellite loci. In parallel, geometric morphometric analysis of shell outlines was used to test for associations between shell shape, latitude and genotype, and for a selection of shells we measured the thickness and organic content of the granular prismatic (PR), the crossed-lamellar (CL) and the complex crossed-lamellar (CCL) layers. Strong population structure was detected, with Bayesian cluster analysis identifying four groups located in the Mediterranean, Celtic Sea, along the continental coast of the North Sea and in Scotland. Multivariate analysis of shell shape uncovered a significant effect of collection site but no associations with any other variables. Shell thickness did not vary significantly with either latitude or genotype, although PR thickness and calcification were positively associated with latitude, while CCL thickness showed a negative association. Our study provides new insights into the population structure of this species and sheds light on factors influencing shell shape, thickness and microstructure.

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Cotté-Krief, Marie-Hélène, Alain J. Thomas, and Jean-Marie Martin. "Trace metal (Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb) cycling in the upper water column near the shelf edge of the European continental margin (Celtic Sea)." Marine Chemistry 79, no. 1 (July 2002): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4203(02)00013-0.

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Holt, J., M. Butenschön, S. L. Wakelin, Y. Artioli, and J. I. Allen. "Oceanic controls on the primary production of the northwest European continental shelf: model experiments under recent past conditions and a potential future scenario." Biogeosciences 9, no. 1 (January 6, 2012): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-97-2012.

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Abstract. In this paper we clearly demonstrate that changes in oceanic nutrients are a first order factor in determining changes in the primary production of the northwest European continental shelf on time scales of 5–10 yr. We present a series of coupled hydrodynamic ecosystem modelling simulations, using the POLCOMS-ERSEM system. These are forced by both reanalysis data and a single example of a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (OA-GCM) representative of possible conditions in 2080–2100 under an SRES A1B emissions scenario, along with the corresponding present day control. The OA-GCM forced simulations show a substantial reduction in surface nutrients in the open-ocean regions of the model domain, comparing future and present day time-slices. This arises from a large increase in oceanic stratification. Tracer transport experiments identify a substantial fraction of on-shelf water originates from the open-ocean region to the south of the domain, where this increase is largest, and indeed the on-shelf nutrient and primary production are reduced as this water is transported on-shelf. This relationship is confirmed quantitatively by comparing changes in winter nitrate with total annual nitrate uptake. The reduction in primary production by the reduced nutrient transport is mitigated by on-shelf processes relating to temperature, stratification (length of growing season) and recycling. Regions less exposed to ocean-shelf exchange in this model (Celtic Sea, Irish Sea, English Channel, and Southern North Sea) show a modest increase in primary production (of 5–10%) compared with a decrease of 0–20% in the outer shelf, Central and Northern North Sea. These findings are backed up by a boundary condition perturbation experiment and a simple mixing model.

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Hill, Eugen. "Using Stem Suppletion for Semantic Reconstruction: The Case of Indo-European Modals and East Baltic Future Tense Formations." Indo-European Linguistics 2, no. 1 (2014): 42–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-00201002.

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As is well known, PIE possessed several distinct sigmatic formations with modal or future-like semantics. The paper deals with two sigmatic formations which must be reconstructed for PIE and obviously possessed a similar semantic value. First: a full grade -si̯e/o-formation which is attested in Indo-Iranian, Continental Celtic and Balto-Slavonic; and second, an athematic -s-formation which is attested in Italic and in the Eastern branch of Baltic. The diverging morphology of these formations implies that they originally also differed in their semantics. The problem is that both formations are reflected as simple future tense in all daughterlanguages which preserved them. However, it seems possible to detect the original semantic difference between these formations by using the evidence of the only IE branch which preserved both formations side by side, i.e. Baltic. The paper investigates the morphology of the sigmatic future tense in dialects of Lithuanian and Latvian and shows that for the common prehistory of East Baltic dialects a secondary conflation of originally independent PIE formations—-si̯e/o-formation and -s-formation—in one single paradigm must be assumed. The particular distribution of both formations within the unified paradigm of Proto-East-Baltic makes it possible to obtain information on the lost semantic difference between them. Possible traces of the -si̯e/o-formation in the only recorded West Baltic language, Old Prussian, seem to confirm the conclusions drawn on the basis of the East Baltic evidence.

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Marrec, P., T. Cariou, E. Macé, P. Morin, L. A. Salt, M. Vernet, B. Taylor, K. Paxman, and Y. Bozec. "Dynamics of air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes in the North-West European Shelf based on Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) and satellite observations." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 7 (April 14, 2015): 5641–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-5641-2015.

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Abstract. From January 2011 to December 2013, we constructed a comprehensive pCO2 dataset based on voluntary observing ship (VOS) measurements in the Western English Channel (WEC). We subsequently estimated surface pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes in north-west European continental shelf waters using multiple linear regressions (MLRs) from remotely sensed sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a), the gas transfer velocity coefficient (K), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and modeled mixed layer depth (MLD). We developed specific MLRs for the seasonally stratified northern WEC (nWEC) and the permanently well-mixed southern WEC (sWEC) and calculated surface pCO2 with relative uncertainties of 17 and 16 μatm, respectively. We extrapolated the relationships obtained for the WEC based on the 2011–2013 dataset (1) temporally over a decade and (2) spatially in the adjacent Celtic and Irish Seas (CS and IS), two regions which exhibit hydrographical and biogeochemical characteristics similar to those of WEC waters. We validated these extrapolations with pCO2 data from the SOCAT database and obtained relatively robust results with an average precision of 4 ± 22 μatm in the seasonally stratified nWEC and the southern and northern CS (sCS and nCS), but less promising results in the permanently well-mixed sWEC, IS and Cap Lizard (CL) waters. On an annual scale, seasonally stratified systems acted as a sink of CO2 from the atmosphere of −0.4, −0.9 and −0.4 mol C m−2 year−1 in the nCS, sCS and nWEC, respectively, whereas, permanently well-mixed systems acted as source of CO2 to the atmosphere of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.4 mol C m−2 year−1 in the sWEC, CL and IS, respectively. Air–sea CO2 fluxes showed important inter-annual variability resulting in significant differences in the intensity and/or direction of annual fluxes. We scaled the mean annual fluxes over six provinces for the last decade and obtained the first annual average uptake of −0.95 Tg C year−1 for this part of the north-western European continental shelf. Our study showed that combining VOS data with satellite observations can be a powerful tool to estimate and extrapolate air–sea CO2 fluxes in sparsely sampled area.

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Graham, C. C., and A. Straw. "Quaternary." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 13, no. 1 (1992): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.1992.012.01.15.

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AbstractThe Quaternary is represented widely over land areas and sea floors around Britain by sediments formed under conditions which ranged from warm temperate to glacial, humid to semi-arid, and which involved glacial, periglacial, fluvial, mass movement, marine and aeolian processes.The distribution of Quaternary sediments has been depicted on maps of the Geological Survey since the 1840s and most recently on the Ordnance Survey Quaternary Map of the United Kingdom, (1977, two sheets) at a scale of 1:625,000. The Oxford Atlas of Britain and Northern Ireland (1963) and the Atlas of Ireland (1979) include Quaternary maps, and Britain is covered by two sheets of the International Quaternary Map of Europe (1967) at a scale of 1:2,500,000. Maps of sea-floor sediments are being published as surveys are completed (Cameron et al. 1987). Stages of the Quaternary sequence as currently established are listed by West (1980) and Bowen et al. (1986).Qla: Quaternary geographyThe maximum extent ever reached by icesheets in southern Britain is better known in the east, and the western limit of 1°30'W is an approximation because definitive deposits are sparsely distributed. The Scilly Islands represent the most southerly point reached by a British icesheet, but the limit across the Celtic Sea is hypothetical, drawn with regard both to the nature of the continental shelf and to the fact that Ireland is known to have been wholly glacierized on at least one occasion. This maximum limit may be diachronous. Bowen et al. (1986) regard it as wholly Anglian, but

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46

Was, Anna, Elizabeth Gosling, Karen McCrann, and Jarle Mork. "Evidence for population structuring of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) in the Northeast Atlantic." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 2 (January 10, 2008): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm187.

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Abstract Was, A., Gosling, E., McCrann, K., and Mork, J. 2008. Evidence for population structuring of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) in the Northeast Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 216–225. Many marine fish species are characterized by large population sizes, strong migratory behaviour, high fecundity, and pelagic eggs and larvae that are subject to passive transport by ocean currents, all factors that tend to reduce the rate of development of genetic partitioning among localized populations. The blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) is a commercially important gadoid that exhibits all these characteristics, although to date there has been little evidence of genetic heterogeneity except at the latitudinal extremes of its range in the NE Atlantic. Genetic variation was analysed at five microsatellite loci in 16 samples, 14 comprising spawning adults, collected along the continental shelf from 44°N to 60°N, a distance of ∼1900 km. Although pairwise FST values were low (0.0–0.040; mean 0.0097), more than 40% of the estimates were significant, with Celtic Sea and Bay of Biscay samples significantly differentiated from samples from the Porcupine Bank, Hebridean Shelf, Sulisker Bank, and Papa Bank. There was also significant differentiation between samples taken in different years on Rockall Bank. Mantel tests revealed no significant isolation by distance. We used a landscape genetics approach, which combines spatial and genetic information, to detect barriers to gene flow. Four zones of lowered gene flow were identified, generally in concordance with hydrographic patterns, fish spawning behaviour, and the simulated transport of larvae in the NE Atlantic Ocean.

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Young, E. F., J. Brown, J. N. Aldridge, K. J. Horsburgh, and L. Fernand. "Erratum to “Development and application of a three-dimensional baroclinic model to the study of the seasonal circulation in the Celtic Sea” [Continental Shelf Research 24 (2004) 13–36]." Continental Shelf Research 24, no. 9 (June 2004): 1047–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2004.02.001.

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Drinkwater, Kenneth F. "The response of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to future climate change." ICES Journal of Marine Science 62, no. 7 (January 1, 2005): 1327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.05.015.

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Abstract Future CO2-induced climate change scenarios from Global Circulation Models (GCMs) indicate increasing air temperatures, with the greatest warming in the Arctic and Subarctic. Changes to the wind fields and precipitation patterns are also suggested. These will lead to changes in the hydrographic properties of the ocean, as well as the vertical stratification and circulation patterns. Of particular note is the expected increase in ocean temperature. Based upon the observed responses of cod to temperature variability, the expected responses of cod stocks throughout the North Atlantic to the future temperature scenarios are reviewed and discussed here. Stocks in the Celtic and Irish Seas are expected to disappear under predicted temperature changes by the year 2100, while those in the southern North Sea and Georges Bank will decline. Cod will likely spread northwards along the coasts of Greenland and Labrador, occupy larger areas of the Barents Sea, and may even extend onto some of the continental shelves of the Arctic Ocean. In addition, spawning sites will be established further north than currently. It is likely that spring migrations will occur earlier, and fall returns will be later. There is the distinct possibility that, where seasonal sea ice disappears altogether, cod will cease their migration. Individual growth rates for many of the cod stocks will increase, leading to an overall increase in the total production of Atlantic cod in the North Atlantic. These responses of cod to future climate changes are highly uncertain, however, as they will also depend on the changes to climate and oceanographic variables besides temperature, such as plankton production, the prey and predator fields, and industrial fishing.

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Holloway, Steven W. "Nineveh sails for the New World: Assyria envisioned by nineteenth-century America." Iraq 66 (2004): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900001820.

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In order to understand the unique reception of ancient Assyria in nineteenth-century America, it is necessary to describe the British public's own reception of the earliest British Museum exhibits, together with the marketing of publications of Layard and others. And, in order to grasp something of both Britain's and America's keen fascination with the earliest images of Assyria, I must introduce you briefly to the changing perceptions and tastes in admissible historical representation that, I believe, drove this fascination.The British public's breathless enthusiasm for the monuments from Bible lands had radical origins in English soil. Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century antiquarians surveyed, sketched and wove theories about the prehistoric relics that dot the English landscape, occasionally linking them with a mythical Christian past. William Stukeley, for example, student and first biographer of Sir Isaac Newton, made something of a career out of surveying Avebury and Stonehenge, in an early eighteenth-century quest for evidence that could link the Britons of Celtic fame with the peoples and the received timeline of the Bible. By the early nineteenth century, the Gothic Revival movement had begun in earnest. Its proponents saw this project as a moral mainstay in the revitalization of English society and culture. English prehistoric and medieval monuments would be measured, drawn, catalogued, published, and ultimately by so doing, laid at the feet of the British public. The Napoleonic wars accelerated this movement, for Continental sightseeing was impossible, so the classic Grand Tour evaporated down to an insular walking tour. This of course fuelled the sense of British national destiny:Works on topography… tend to make us better acquainte d with every thing which exists in our native land, and are therefore conducive to the progress of real knowledge, to the diffusion of rational patriotism, and to virtuous sentiments and propensities …

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Le Roy, Pascal, Claire Gracia-Garay, Pol Guennoc, Jean-François Bourillet, Jean-Yves Reynaud, Isabelle Thinon, Patrick Kervevan, Fabien Paquet, David Menier, and Cédric Bulois. "Cenozoic tectonics of the Western Approaches Channel basins and its control of local drainage systems." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 182, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.182.5.451.

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Abstract The geology of the Channel Western Approaches is a key to understand the post-rift evolution of the NW European continental margin in relation with the Europe/Africa collision. Despite considerable evidence of Tertiary tectonic inversion throughout the Channel basin, the structures and amplitudes of the tectonic movements remain poorly documented across the French sector of the Western Approaches. The effect of the tectonic inversion for the evolution of the “Channel River”, the major system that flowed into the English Channel during the Plio-Quaternary eustatic lowstands, also needs to be clarified. Its drainage basin was larger than the present-day English Channel and constituted the source of terrigenous fluxes of the Armorican and Celtic deep sea fans. A lack of high-resolution seismic data motivated the implementation of the GEOMOC and GEOBREST cruises, whose main results are presented in this paper. The new observations highlight the diachronism and the contrast in amplitudes of the deformations involved in the inversion of the French Western Approaches. The tectonic inversion can be described in two stages: a paroxysmal Paleogene stage including two episodes, Eocene (probably Ypresian) and Oligocene, and a more moderate Neogene stage subdivided into Miocene and Pliocene episodes, driven by the reactivation of the same faults. The deformations along the North Iroise fault (NIF) located at the termination of the Medio-Manche fault produced forced folds in the sedimentary cover above the deeper faults. The tectonic inversion generated uplift of about 700 m of the mid-continental shelf south of the NIF. The isochron map of the reflectors bounding the identified seismic sequences clearly demonstrates a major structural control on the geometry of the Neogene deposits. First, the uplift of the eastern part of the Iroise basin during the upper Miocene favoured the onset of a broad submarine delta system that developed towards the subsiding NW outer shelf. The later evolution of the ’palaeovalley’ network corresponding to the western termination of the “Channel River” exhibits a ’bayonet’ pattern marked by a zigzagging pattern of valleys, with alternating segments orientated N040oE and N070oE, controlled by Neogene faulting. The palaeovalley network could have begun during Reurevian or Pre-Tiglian sea-level lowstands, which exposed the entire shelf below the shelf edge. The amplitude of the sea-level fall is assumed to have been magnified by uplift of the Iroise basin, followed by later tilting of the outer shelf, as observed in many other examples documented along the North Atlantic margins.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Continental Celtic'

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