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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Continental integration'
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1
Kleis, Jörg [Verfasser]. "African Regional Community Courts and their Contribution to Continental Integration / Jörg Kleis." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1106280962/34.
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Froschauer, Karl (Karl Johann) 1946 Carleton University Dissertation Sociology. "Provincial hydro expansions: required to serve industrial development in Canada and continental integration." Ottawa.:, 1993.
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Heard, Haley R. (Haley Ruth). "Deconstructing the Mississippi River : restoring a continental system through the integration of flexible infrastructure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59736.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-102).
The most prevalent social and economic issues plaguing cities are symptomatic of much bigger underlying environmental problems. Cities are governed by legislation set within artificial political boundaries, however ecology systems surpass and are not restricted by these boundaries. The decisions urban designers and planners make on behalf of a city influences the natural environment, which in turn can affect other cities negatively. This thesis addresses the current disconnect between the way cities are planned, their artificial boundaries, and the larger, underlying ecological systems. The purpose of this research is to create new methods of design and planning from ecological scale thinking. This thesis uses the Mississippi River as a case to illustrate how ecological scale thinking can reframe present urban design and planning paradigm. The research aims to answer the following questions: What are the principal causes of the Mississippi River's ecological degradation, and what measures can be taken to restore the River's quality? By regionalizing the organization of political jurisdictions, this will allow urban designers and planners to account for externalities and rebuild damaged ecological systems at the geographical scale. Over the past century, man-made interventions have transformed the Mississippi River, altering it from its natural form and processes. These augmentations have been the result of planning decisions, which ignore the larger ecological system of the River. This thesis demonstrates that the existing political juggernaut consists of many actors only considering problems within their own jurisdiction, and therefore make decisions in a vacuum. Instead of making a complete overhaul of the man-made system, this thesis proposes solutions utilizing the existing infrastructure and the waste it produces. It concludes by proposing a new management model: a Sediment Network that redistributes the waste sediment throughout the Mississippi River Basin in the form of new commodities. The Sediment Network illustrates at both the local scale and continental scale, how cities can utilize the sediment as a medium for urban revitalization, restore the River's health, and finally become an instrument for redistributing political power in order to achieve a more holistic form of planning.
by Haley R. Heard.
M.C.P.
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Mathibe, Precious. "Regional cooperation and integration : intergovernmentalism approach to regional integration: a case of the African Continental Free Trade Area and effects on trade." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80471.
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The liberal intergovernmentalist approach has been applied to numerous studies within
the European Union (EU) context in the past, and lately to studies within the African
regional integration context. Differing experiences with regards to regional integration
have emerged in the EU and African contexts. The purpose of this study was to
investigate the application of the liberal intergovernmentalist approach within the African
context, in particular the African Contintental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The study
followed a single case research design, meaning it was conducted within the setting of
the AfCFTA. The study population comprised 16 participants and documents from the
African Union (AU) regarding the AfCFTA. Various data-collection methods were used,
including focus group interviews, face-to-face semi-structured interviews and qualitative
content analysis – the rationale being that the case study approach required numerous
data-collection methods to be employed. The methods utlised for data analysis were
thematic analysis for focus groups and face-to-face semi-structured interviews, and
qualitative content analysis for data obtained from the AU documents regarding the
AfCFTA. Findings from the study might have a considerable effect regarding the
interaction of African member states when undertaking regional intergration
engagments.Mini Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MPhil
Unrestricted
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Axelsson, Magnus Bo. "The deep seabed environment of the UK continental margin : integration and interpretation of geological and biological data." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403818.
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Ngwafor, Ndeh Edwin. "Establishing continental sovereignty in Africa : risk and opportunity in financial integration : lessons for Africa from a legal perspective." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7648/.
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This thesis identifies and defines the new African sovereignty. It establishes a modern sovereignty in Africa hatched from the changing nature of sovereignty in which countries come together at various levels or grades of partial surrender of national sovereignty in order to work closer together for their mutual advantage and benefit. To this end, the narrative zooms in on the central issues within the realms of money matters whereby a new model of monetary sovereignty and monetary solutions is designed in an attempt to ease the recurring tensions and challenges of modern national sovereignty in the continent of Africa. As such, this discussion will offer a historical journey through the constitution of sovereignty, to the birth of the nation state and international public law. It develops the theory of the changing nature of sovereignty within the modern state and opens new lines of inquiry for Africa. In this regard, it draws from juxtaposing and mixing elements of regional and global financial integration as well as retaining national financial sovereignty features to form this new design which I dub continental sovereignty. At its core, the thesis will deal with the legal aspects that stem from the co-mingling of legal systems of nation states and communities at the regional and global levels within the context of financial integration. The argument is that the rule of law remains sacrosanct in monetary management. Effective financial integration is the result of properly structured and managed legal frameworks with robust laws and institutions whether at a national, regional or global level. However, the thesis reveals that in order to avoid undermining the progress of Africa’s financial integration project, any solution for Africa must be immersed within a broader global solution where development issues are addressed and resolved and Africa can form a more central part in all relevant international discussion fora. The work will expound these issues by applying them within a regional and global context, with the state of affairs in Africa forming the nucleus. This application consequently presents the six key themes of the thesis which will be considered therein. They are: a.) regional advantage: which exploits the possibilities of deeper and further financial integration between smaller communal arrangements; b.) regional risk and exposure: the extent to which this deeper form of financial integration can spiral out of control if effected too quickly and too ambitiously; c.) global advantage: which considers the merits of global financial integration and the influence exerted by financial laws on the global financial architecture; d.) global risk and exposure: which considers the challenges of global financial integration especially within the background of the Global Financial Crisis 2007-2008; e.) African challenge: which considers the extent to which this analysis impacts the African economic and financial integration agenda; and f.) development challenge: which examines the extent to which global development issues impact the African solution (continental sovereignty) and the need for any solution for the continent to be roped into a broader global solution within which Africa can form an important part. Even though the thesis requests an optimistic undertone on the progress made so far, it unearths the African problem of multiple national sovereignty and multiple overlapping regional sovereignty constituted as the ‘spaghetti bowl’ dilemma. As such, the unique contribution to knowledge on financial integration in Africa can be echoed in these words: Africa‘s financial integration agenda has had little success in authenticating a systematic and dependable legal framework for monetary management. Efforts made have been incomplete, substandard, and not carefully followed through particularly reflected in the impuissant nature of the judicial enforcement mechanisms. Thus, the thesis argues that, any meaningful answer to the problems dogging the continent is inter alia deeply entrenched within a new form of cooperative monetary sovereignty. In other words, the thesis does not prescribe the creation of new laws; rather it advocates the effective enforcement of existing laws.
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Gaivéo, Pedro Miguel Santana. "Otimização logística e a integração vertical de processos produtivos: estudo de caso - Continental Teves Portugal." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/5118.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais - Ramo de Gestão LogísticaA indústria automóvel enfrenta um ambiente de enorme pressão sobre os custos de produção. São os fornecedores de componentes que sentem a grande parte da mesma. Num mercado extremamente competitivo, as empresas que atingem um sucesso sustentado, serão aquelas que mantêm a aposta na melhoria contínua e na seleção de uma correta estratégia de Gestão da Cadeia de Abastecimento no sentido de melhorar a sua produtividade. O propósito deste estudo, efetuado com o objetivo de obter o grau académico de mestre, foi o de analisar e identificar os impactos no desempenho logístico utilizando a integração vertical como estratégia para um determinado processo produtivo em detrimento da atual em regime de outsourcing. Baseado no estudo do caso da Continental Teves Portugal, a adoção de uma estratégia diferente para o processo de galvanização acarreta alterações à atual estrutura da cadeia de abastecimento e recursos utilizados. As abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa foram ambas utilizadas, com recurso a princípios de lean management e suas ferramentas de diagnóstico no processo de investigação. Em termos operacionais foram identificadas na atual estratégia de outsourcing constrangimentos ao nível do planeamento de produção, balanceamento do fluxo, elevados inventários, dependência do fornecedor, custos de transporte, interrupções por problemas de qualidade e uma logística inversa complexa. Os tradicionais desperdícios e ineficiência dos processos estiveram em análise durante o presente trabalho. As conclusões retiradas são particularmente relevantes para a empresa em análise. A proposta apresentada para a instalação de um linha de galvanização que permitirá efetuar este processo produtivo internamente, permitindo efeitos diretamente relacionadas na otimização de processos logísticos apenas é válida nos pressupostos apresentados. A gestão da empresa em estudo poderá utilizar a presente proposta e suas conclusões, na conceção e operacionalização de uma solução alternativa ao atual fornecedor em regime de outsourcing.
Enormous production cost pressure is weighing on the entire automotive industry. Suppliers are feeling most of this pressure. In the highly competitive supplier market, companies achieving sustainable success, will be those that are focused on continuous improvement and selecting the correct Supply Chain Management strategies on the pursuit of competiveness. The purpose of this study, which is framed within the objective of obtaining the academic master degree, is to analyze and identify the impacts in logistics performance using a strategy of vertical integration instead of outsourcing a manufacturing operation. Based on case study of Continental Teves Portugal, the influence of using a different strategic choice for plating process would bring changes to actual supply chain procedures and needed resources. To conduct this investigation both qualitative and quantitative approaches were chosen using lean management principles and tools. The operational constrains identified on the present outsourcing strategy concerned production planning, flow balance, high inventories, supplier dependence, transport costs, quality-caused interruptions and complex reverse logistics. Typical waste of resources and process inefficiencies were on scope. All findings will be mainly relevant for this particular company used as case study. The proposal for an internal galvanic line, to enable plating process and correlated impacts on logistics optimization, will only be valid for mentioned assumptions. Company management might be able to use this document in order to design and operate an alternative solution to actual outsourcing supplier considering study conclusions.
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Chowthee, Nishi Lalmanie. "Regional economic integration in Africa : the importance of regional economic communities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/932.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since independence in the early 1950's, Africa's overall economic performance compared very unfavourably with those of other regions of the developing world mainly because it attained political independence as a fragmented continent. From this time, the vision of African leaders has been that of regional integration and the creation of the African common market. The vision of a common market which unites Africa's mostly small and fragmented economies would lead to economies of scale, thereby making African countries more competitive. That vision however, has been clouded by the devastation of war, both civil and territorial and corruption which drains the state. Therefore, the importance of regional economic integration is pertinent and more so, the role of Regional Economic Communities as integrative institutions. The African Union, the main institution for political, economic and social integration established the African Economic Community whose main role is to facilitate the regional economic integration process in Africa. Africa's RECs have been designated by the Abuja Treaty as the building blocks for integration and the eventual creation of an African Economic Community. The Abuja Treaty and the Constitutive Act of the African Union provides for the coordination and harmonization of the policies of the Regional Economic Communities. One of the main challenges confronting Africa in its quest for full integration is the rationalisation of regional economic communities. The RECs with their treaties, protocols and agendas are logical institutions to jumpstart Africa's integration. The African Union recognises eight Regional Economic Communities, but the African continent has fourteen inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), all of which are working on regional integration issues. The RECs have had some successes but have not met their objectives of greater production. The RECs need to be revived and the first thing would be to rationalise their structure and their interactions with national governments. Rationalisation has benefits and costs and rationalisation efforts should focus on efficiency and effectiveness. Ultimately, rationalisation would allow Africa to attain the full benefits of integration, particularly growth for trade within and outside Africa. Regional Economic Communities are viewed as pillars of continental integration by the African Union. The strategy of economic emancipation must denote economic development for all African people including grass roots level and there is no doubt that significant challenges exist and must be addressed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die onafhanlikheid in die vroeë 1950's het die oorgrote ekonomiese groei van Afrika goed vergelyk met die ander onwikkelende streke in die wêreld grotendeels as gevolg van die gefragmenteerde onafhanklikheidswording in Afika as geheel. Vir die eerste keer was die visie van Afrika leiers dit eens dat Afrika streke as een moet integreer asook die daarstelling van een gemeenskaplike mark. Hierdie visie is egter vertroebel deur die verwoesting van oorloë, beide siviel en territoriaal, asook korrupsie, wat 'n staat dreineer. Daarom is die belangrikheid van streeks ekonomiese integrasie steeds belangrik, en nog meer so, die rol van Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe (REC's) as integrerende instelling. Die Afrika Unie, die hoof instelling vir politieke, ekonomiese en sosiale integrasie het die Afrika Ekonomiese Gemeenskap, wie se hoof taak dit is om die streeks ekonomiese integrasie te fasiliteer, gestig. Afrika se Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe is aangewys deur die Abuja Verdrag, om as die bouers van integrasie op te tree, met die uiteindelike daarstelling van 'n Afrika Ekonomiese Gemeenskap. Die Abuja Verdrag en die Konstutiewe Wet van die Afrika Unie maak voorsiening vir die koordinasie in ooreenstemming met die beleidsrigting van die Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe. Een van die hoof uitdagings wat Afrika in die gesig staar, met die soektog na volle integrasie, is die rasionalisasie van streeks ekonomiese gemeenskappe. Die Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe met hulle verdrae, protokol en agendas is die logiese instelling om die integrasie van Afrika 'n hupstoot te gee. Die Afrika Unie erken agt Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe maar die Afrika kontinent het veertien inter-regerings organisasies (IGO's) wat almal werk aan streeks integrasie kwessies. Die Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe het 'n sekere mate van sukses behaal, maar het nog nie hulle geteikende groter produksie bereik nie. Die Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe moet opnuut herleef word en die eerste stap sou wees om te rasionaliseer oor hulle struktuur en die interaksie met nasionale regerings. Rasionalisering het voordele en kostes en pogings behoort te fokus op doeltreffendheid en effektiwiteit. Die uiteinde van rasionalisering sal Afrika die volle voordele van integrasie, veral t.o.v handelsgroei binne en buite Afrika, ervaar. Streeks Ekonomiese Gemeenskappe word beskou, deur die Afrika Unie, as die pilare van kontinentale intergrasie. Die strategie van ekonomiese emansipasie moet 'n aanduiding wees vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling vir al die mense van Afrika, ook op grondvlak, en daar is geen twyfel dat beduidende uitdagings bestaan en dat dit moet aangespreek word.
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Tabachnick, Mark. "The impacts of lean production and continental economic integration on the geography and organizational structure of the Canadian automotive parts industry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0009/MQ31258.pdf.
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Fabuel-Perez, Ivan. "3D reservoir modelling of upper Triassic continental mixed systems : integration of digital outcrop models (DOMs) and high resolution sedimentology. The Oukaimeden sandstone formation, Central High Atlas, Morocco." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520688.
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Borck, Kevin [Verfasser]. "Storytelling als Werkzeug zur Erzielung von Strategic Alignment im Post-Merger Integrationsprozess : theoretische Fundierung und empirische Messung am Beispiel der Integration von Veyance Technologies in die ContiTech, Division der Continental AG / Kevin Borck." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1108806732/34.
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Hutton, Lauren Angie. "Regional Security, Early Warning and Intelligence Cooperation in Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7512_1299223486.
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This dissertation explores the potential contributions of the mechanisms for early warning and intelligence sharing to regional security in Africa. The Continental Early Warning System (CEWS) and the Committee on Intelligence and Security Services of Africa (CISSA) are centrally concerned with the dissemination of information to enable decision-making on continental security. The main focus of the dissertation is on the manner in which the information generated by the CEWS and CISSA can contribute to regional security. In order to analyse the potential contribution of the CEWS and CISSA to regional security, a sound theoretical framework is proposed so as to explore how and why states choose to cooperate, as well as addressing multifaceted cooperation and integration at inter-state, government department and nonstate levels. Constructivist interpretations of international cooperation are utilised to explore the role of ideas, meanings and understandings in shaping behaviour. The focus is placed on the manner in which interaction as provided for by the CEWS and CISSA can shape understandings of reality and potentially impact on the definition of actors&rsquo
interests. This is based on the assumption drawn from security community and epistemic community theory that, enabling the creation of shared meanings and shared knowledge there is the potential for both the CEWS and CISSA to have a positive influence on the choices that stakeholders take in favour of peaceful change.
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Johannessen, Kjetil. "Norwegian Continental Shelf Petroleum Pipe-It Integrator & Production Forecaster." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-19520.
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This thesis summarizes and concludes my master thesis research work. The main objective of this research was to develop a rigorous and generic forecast model for all the fields on the Norwegian Continental Shelf based on publically available data and free software. Pipe-It Norwegian Continental Shelf Integrator and Forecaster solution provides the opportunity to forecast oil and gas production rate and economics for all assets on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The solution is automatically synchronized with an on line database, that is maintained by the Norwegian Petroleum Department. The solution currently contains 87 fields and handles thousands of application launches in parallel. The results can be filtered and aggregated for multiple engineering purposes, like the impact of new discoveries on future production rates and economics.
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Knowles, Josie. "Overlapping regional integration arrangements and continent-wide union : modelling public support." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707360.
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Shifts in attention towards regional governance across the globe have contributed to a diverging gap between decision-makers and citizens. There is a scholarly focus on the European example of regional integration - the European Union - given the particularly advanced stage of integration which the EU has achieved. Attitude formation literature on the topic of regional integration is therefore EU-centric and provides evidence-based discussion regarding EU legitimacy alone. In this thesis, 1 demonstrate the generic applicability of EU-derived opinion formation theory for an investigation of public support in a very different, developing world context. More pertinently, 1 grapple with sub-continental and continent-wide regional integration efforts which are fundamental to a non-EU approach towards continent-wide unity and demonstrate the importance of these dynamics for an investigation of public support. 1 focus on the African ‘building block’ context as an illustrative case-study. 1 specify three discrete approaches to provide an enhanced understanding of citizen support for regional integration in the African ‘building block’ context. Crucially, 1 demonstrate attitude formation models to investigate a) support for a sub-continental ‘building block’ of African unity; b) support for overlapping ‘building blocks’ of African unity and c) the relationship between support for ‘building block’ organisations and support for a continent-wide regional integration organisation. 1 operationalise these models of public support utilising original and existing Tanzanian data. 1 derive a rather specific discussion from each model which relates to the perceived legitimacy of regional integration arrangements among a Tanzanian population. The increasing ceding of power to sub-continental and continent-wide integration arrangements in other regions of the world implies the broader significance of this thesis. By drawing attention to the interplay of multiple regional integration arrangements from a public opinion perspective, we can provide valuable evidence-based debate regarding the legitimacy of rather ‘distant’ decision-makers cores for populations more widely.
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Amann, Jean Carlo. "Efeitos da integração econômica no continente africano." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5175.
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Esta dissertação investiga a integração econômica no continente africano, tanto em sentido ex post, como ex ante. Em um primeiro momento, para investigar os efeitos econômico-comerciais de acordos regionais de comércio já estabelecidos, como COMESA, ECOWAS e SADC, emprega-se um modelo gravitacional, com dados em painel e estimador de PMVP (pseudo-máxima verossimilhança de Poisson), para o período 1995-2013. Por fim, para simular uma integração econômica de nível continental na África, com análise dos efeitos que esta política teria para o comércio e para o nível de bem-estar dos países africanos, aplica-se o modelo de equilíbrio geral GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project), em sua base de dados versão 8, com agregação de produtos por intensidade tecnológica. Os principais resultados, a respeito dos acordos já estabelecidos (análise ex post), é que tanto o COMESA, quanto o SADC, foram capazes de alavancar o comércio entre seus países-membros, sem evidências de desvios de comércio, tanto nas importações como nas exportações (building blocks). O grupo ECOWAS, opostamente, não foi capaz de estimular os fluxos comerciais de seus integrantes, apresentando sinais de desvios de comércio (stumbling block). Na estimação dos fluxos potenciais de comércio, de forma geral, percebeu-se que os países-membros dos acordos comercializaram mais entre si, que aquilo previsto pelo modelo gravitacional, remetendo ao conceito dos parceiros naturais de comércio e a Hipótese de Linder. Na análise ex ante, em ambas simulações com o modelo de equilíbrio geral computável GTAP, os resultados apontam para a expansão do bem-estar no continente africano como um todo, via melhorias na eficiência alocativa e ganhos sobre os termos de troca, além da expansão comercial em aspecto intra-África, sobretudo em produtos intensivos em tecnologia. No cenário de liberalização comercial parcial, os ganhos dos países africanos são consideravelmente minimizados, indicando a relevância dos produtos primários para este continente.
This dissertation investigates the economic integration on the African continent, in the ex-post sense, as well as in the ex-ante sense. Firstly, to assess the economic effects of regional agreements already established, such as COMESA, ECOWAS and SADC, I apply a gravity model, with panel data and PMVP estimator (Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood), for the 1995-2013 period. Lastly, to simulate a continental integration on Africa, analyzing the effects of such policy for the trade and for the welfare of the African countries, I apply the GTAP general equilibrium model (Global Trade Analysis Project), version 8, with products aggregate per technological intensity. The main findings, in respect to the already established agreements (ex-post analysis) is that COMESA and SADC were capable of enhancing the trade between its country members, with no evidences of trade diversion on the imports as well as on the exports (building blocks). The ECOWAS group, on the contrary, was not able to stimulate the trade of its members, showing trade diversion signs (stumbling block). On the estimation of the potential trade flows, in a general way, it was realized that the members of the three agreements traded more with each other than the predicted by the gravity model, referring to the natural trading partner’s concept and the Linder Hypothesis. On the ex-ante analysis, on both simulation with the GTAP general equilibrium model, the results point out to the welfare expansion on the African continent as a whole, through improvements on the allocative efficiency and gains on the terms of trade, besides the trade improvement on an intra-Africa basis, mostly on technological intensive products. On the restrictive trade liberalization scenario, the gains of the African countries are substantially minimized, indicating to the relevance of primary products for such continent.
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Wilson, Ashley A. "SENSORY STRESSORS IMPACT SPECIES RESPONSES ACROSS LOCAL AND CONTINENTAL SCALES." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2224.
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Pervasive growth in industrialization and advances in technology now exposes much of the world to anthropogenic night light and noise (ANLN), which pose a global environmental challenge in terrestrial environments. An estimated one-tenth of the planet’s land area experiences artificial light at night — and that rises to 23% if skyglow is included. Moreover, anthropogenic noise is associated with urban development and transportation networks, as the ecological impact of roads alone is estimated to affect one-fifth of the total land cover of the United States and is increasing in space and intensity. Existing research involving impacts of light or noise has primarily focused on a single sensory stressor and single species; yet, little information is known about how different sources of sensory stressors impact the relationships within tightly-knit and complex systems, such as within plant-pollinator communities. Furthermore, ANLN often co-occur, yet little is known about how co-exposure to these stressors influences wildlife, nor the extent and scale of how these stressors impact ecological processes and patterns.
In Chapter 1, we had two aims: to investigate species-specific responses to artificial night light, anthropogenic noise, and the interaction between the two by using spatially-explicit models to model changes in abundance of 140 of the most prevalent overwintering bird species across North America, and to identify functional traits and contexts that explain variation in species-specific responses to ANLN stressors with phylogenetically-informed models. We found species that responded to noise exposure generally decreased in abundance, and the interaction with light resulted in negative synergistic responses that exacerbated the negative influence of noise among many species. Moreover, the interaction revealed negative emergent responses of species that only reacted when both ANLN were presented in combination. The functional trait that was the most indicative of avian response to ANLN was habitat preference. Specifically, species that occupy closed habitat were less tolerant of both sensory stressors compared to those that occupy open habitat. Species-specific responses to ANLN are context-dependent; thus, knowing the information that regulates when, where, how, and why sensory pollutants influence species will help management efforts effectively mitigate these anthropogenic stressors on the natural environment.
In Chapter 2, using field-placed light manipulations at sites exposed to a gradient of skyglow, we investigated the influence of direct and indirect light on the yucca-yucca moth mutualism by quantifying chaparral yucca (Hesperoyucca whipplei) fruit set and the obligate moth (Tegeticula maculata maculata) larval density per fruit. Although many diurnal insects are thought to exhibit minimal phototaxis, we show that direct light attracted adult moths and incited higher pollination activity, resulting in an increase in fruit set. However, larval recruitment decreased with elevated light exposure and the effect was strongest for plants exposed to light levels exceeding natural moonlit conditions (> 0.5 lux). Contrarily, increases in ambient skyglow resulted in an increase in both fruit set and larva counts. Our results suggest that plant-pollinator communities may respond in complicated ways to different sources of light, such that novel selection pressures of direct and indirect light have the potential to benefit or disrupt networks within complex diurnal plant-pollinator communities, and ultimately alter the biodiversity reliant on these systems.
By analyzing pervasive stressors across a continental-wide scale, we revealed considerable heterogeneity in avian responses to light and noise alone, as well as the interaction between them. Based on overall responses to the interaction between light v and noise, we suggest management efforts should focus on ameliorating excessive noise for overwintering bird species, which should decrease the impact from synergistic responses, as well as the negative impact from noise alone. There is still much to learn about responses to these stressors and smaller-scale studies should take our approach of systematically assessing interaction responses to ANLN. Moreover, our small-scale study revealed both local sources of direct light and skyglow impact the recruitment for both yucca moths and their reciprocal plant hosts. However, it is still unknown if or why other diurnal pollinators experience positive phototaxis, and whether direct lighting influences the physiology, behavior, or multiple factors relating to reproduction and fitness. Correspondingly, it is unknown if the novel selection pressures of direct and indirect light are disrupting complex diurnal plant-pollinator communities. Future research on artificial night light will need to investigate the intricate responses of diurnal pollinators to both direct and indirect light that will identify concrete mechanisms relating to physiological or behavioral susceptibility and inform predictions on how wide-spread communities will shift with this global driver of emerging change.
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Hirsch, Katja K. "Integrating structural and sedimentological observations with numerical lithospheric models to assess the 3D evolution of the South African continental passive margin." Potsdam GFZ, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993223532/34.
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Liu, Hongxing. "Generation and refinement of a continental scale digital elevation model by integrating cartographic and remotely sensed data : a GIS-based approach /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488188894442749.
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Neves, José de Anchieta Semedo. "Testando a Teoria da Paridade do Poder de Compra Generalizada no continente latino-americano." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10554.
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O trabalho desenvolvido tem como objetivo principal testar a teoria da Paridade do Poder de Compra Generalizada (PPCG) para um conjunto de países latino-americanos. O teste consiste em verificar se existe ao menos um vetor de cointegração entre as taxas de câmbio real de um conjunto de países. Os testes de raiz unitária ADF, Phillips-Perron e ADF-GLS foram realizados, num primeiro momento, para detecção da ordem de integração das séries. As séries da Bolívia, Chile e México foram excluídas da análise de cointegração, pois os testes apontaram suas estacionaridades. A análise de cointegração entre cada país latino-americano e cinco países do G-7 não forneceu resultados robustos no que concerne à existência de um vetor de cointegração. Testes bilaterais apontaram a verificação da PPCG em três casos: Argentina e Uruguai; Colômbia e Venezuela; e Equador e Paraguai. Então, foram considerados três grupos de países da região, para os quais se verificou a validade da PPCG. Num segundo momento, foram realizados dois testes de raiz unitária com quebras estruturais: Zivot e Andrews (1992) e Perron (1997). Estes testes apontaram a estacionaridade das séries da Colômbia e do Equador, além das já excluídas anteriormente. Então, formou-se um quarto grupo, composto por Brasil, Argentina, Paraguai, Peru e Venezuela, para o qual não foi verificada a hipótese da PPCG. O trabalho propõe o conceito de zona de integração potencial e, com base nos testes de raiz unitária com quebras estruturais, constatou-se a existência de uma zona de integração potencial entre Bolívia e Equador e Chile e Uruguai.This work has as the main objective to test the Generalized Purchasing Power Parity (GPPP) theory for selected Latin-American countries. The test is about checking the the existence of at least one cointegration vector between the real exchange rates for that countries. First, the ADF, Phillips-Perron, and ADF-GLS unit root tests were carried out in order to detect the cointegration order of the real exchange rates. The Bolivia, Chile, and Mexico series were dropped from the cointegration analysis because the tests pointed to stationarities. The cointegration analysis between each Latin-American country and five countries of the G-7 don’t show robust results regarding the exixtence of one cointegration vector. Bilateral tests point to the GPPP validity in three cases: Argentina and Uruguay; Colombia and Venezuela; and Equador and Paraguay. Then, we considered three groups of the region’countries and it was verified the GPPP validity. Two unit root tests in the presence of structural breaks were carried out, namely, Zivot and Andrews (1992), and Perron (1997). Both further point to the stationarity of the Colombia and Equador series. Thus, a fourth group was considered, made up of: Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela; for these the GPPP hypothesis was rejected. We suggest a potential integration area concept based on the unit root tests in the presence of structural breaks; here it was verified the existence of such an area between Bolivia and Equador, and Chile and Uruguay.
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FILHO, CLAUDIO URBANO B. PINHEIRO. "REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN SOUTH AMERICA: THE CONTINENT S REGIONAL ARCHITECTURE ACCORDING TO ITS INSTITUTIONS - MERCOSUR, ALBA AND AP." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34590@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
A presente dissertação tem por finalidade analisar a atual disposição da arquitetura regional da América do Sul; fazendo-a em particular, por meio do sistemático exame da composição e do conteúdo dos principais temas e agendas, que compõem as mais proeminentes instituições regionais do continente, isto é, o Mercosul, a ALBA e a Aliança do Pacífico. Para cumprir com tal objetivo, pretende-se construir um modelo analítico simples, centrado na percepção que cada uma das referidas instituições possui, a respeito de quatro temas-chave considerados institucionalmente prioritários – princípios institucionais, integração produtiva, sistema financeiro e infraestrutura e transportes – e que envolvem integração regional; visando, identificar sobre que orientações paradigmáticas integrativas tais instituições se assentam, se as agendas entre estas instituições são: convergentes, complementares ou dissonantes entre si; e a influência que a combinação das interações entre estas exercem, para com a atual disposição da Arquitetura Regional na América do Sul. Esta dissertação argumenta que a atual disposição da Arquitetura Regional sul-americana subsiste em módulos.
This dissertation aims to analyze the current provision of regional architecture in South America; by doing so, in particular, through the systematic examination of the composition and the content of the main themes and agendas, which make up the most prominent regional institutions of the continent namely Mercosur, ALBA, and the Pacific Alliance. To fulfill this objective, the intente is to build a simple analytical model, centred around the perception that each one of these institutions have about four key institutional priority issues – institutional principles, productive integration, financial system and infrastructure and transport - and also involves regional integration; in order to Identify on which paradigmatic integrative guidelines such institutions are based, If the agendas between these institutions are: convergent, complementary or dissonant to each other; and the influence that the combination of the interactions between them exert, in relation to the current disposition of Regional Architecture in South America. This dissertation argues that the present layout of South American Regional Architecture subsists in modules.
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Hirsch, Katja K. [Verfasser]. "Integrating structural and sedimentological observations with numerical lithospheric models to assess the 3D evolution of the South African continental passive margin / Katja K. Hirsch." Potsdam : GFZ, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993223532/34.
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Hirsch, Katja K. [Verfasser]. "Integrating structural and sedimentological observations with numerical lithospheric models to assess the 3D evolution of the South African continental passive margin / Katja K. Hirsch." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1023464497/34.
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Granger, Stéphane. "La Guyane et le Brésil, ou la quête d'intégration continentale d'un département français d'Amérique." Phd thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00707041.
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L'objectif général de ce travail est d'expliquer la nature des relations particulières entre une région française d'Amérique du Sud, la Guyane, et le Brésil, que l'histoire coloniale a rendus frontaliers, au moment où dans un contexte général d'intégrations continentales s'amorce entre eux un rapprochement institutionnel mettant un terme à quatre siècles de rivalités et d'ignorance réciproque. Or la Guyane subit une forte pression migratoire et environnementale de la part d'un Brésil particulièrement dynamique, ainsi que les contraintes d'une appartenance française et européenne perçue comme étouffante en dépit des avantages qu'elle procure. En pleine quête identitaire, elle aimerait s'intégrer à un environnement géopolitique que le Brésil cherche de son côté à organiser à son profit dans sa stratégie d'affirmation continentale. Au moment où se construit un pont sur l'Oyapock entre les deux voisins, les récents accords de coopération régionale visent à une " continentalisation " de la Guyane, dans une Amérique du Sud dans laquelle elle était jusque là peu intégrée, mais elle doit se débattre entre de multiples enjeux régionaux, nationaux voire supranationaux qui la dépassent.
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Defraigne, Jean-Christophe P. L. G. "De l'intégration nationale à l'intégration continentale: analyse de la dynamique d'intégration supranationale européenne et de ses liens avec les changements technologiques des processus de production dans une perspective de long terme." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211359.
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TAYLOR, SHAWN. "SPEED AND RESOLUTION IN THE AGE OF TECHNOLOGICAL REPRODUCIBILITY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3888.
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The rate of acceleration of the biologic and synthetic world has for a while now, been in the process of exponentially speeding up, maxing out servers and landfills, merging with each other, destroying each other. The last prehistoric relics on Earth are absorbing the same oxygen, carbon dioxide and electronic waves in our biosphere as us. A degraded .jpeg enlarged to full screen on a Samsung 4K UHD HU8550 Series Smart TV - 85” Class (84.5” diag.). Within this composite ecology, the ancient limestone of the grand canyon competes with the iMax movie of itself, the production of Mac pros, a YouTube clip from Jurassic park, and the super bowl halftime show. A search engines assistance with biographic memory helps our bodies survive new atmospheres and weigh the gravities that exist around the versions of an objects materiality. Communication has moved from our vocal chords, to swipes and taps of our thumbs on a screen that predicts the weather, accesses the hidden, invisible, and withdrawn information from the objects around us, and still ducks up what we are trying to say. This txt was written on a tablet returned to stock settings and embedded with content to mine the experience in which mediated technology creates, communicates and obscures new forms of language. Life in a new event horizon — a dimensional dualism that finds us competing for genetic and mimetic survival — we are now functioning as different types of humans.
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Mahan, Kevin H. "Exhumation of exposed deep continental crust, western Canadian Shield: Integrating structural analysis, petrology, and in situ geochronology." 2005. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3193921.
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High-pressure granulite terranes are important sources of information for understanding deep-crustal architecture and processes related to the evolution and stabilization of continental lithosphere. However, one of the most critical challenges is to understand how, and on what timescales, large exposures of lowermost continental crust are exhumed to the Earth's surface. In the East Lake Athabasca region of the western Canadian Shield, high pressure granulites (∼1.0+ GPa) make up one of the largest exposed deep crustal terranes in the world (>20,000 km2). Important insight into the exhumation history of this region come from the study of the kinematics, timing, and metamorphic evolution of a several km-wide, oblique-slip, thrust-sense mylonitic shear zone (Legs Lake shear zone) that forms a major boundary of the high-pressure terrane. The juxtaposition of crustal levels across this structure is more than 20 km. Integrated structural and petrologic analysis of the shear zone and its wallrocks, combined with in situ electron microprobe monazite Th-U-Pb geochronology and U-Pb isotope geochronology, suggest a multi-stage exhumation history for the high-pressure region that occurred over a period of >100 million years. Similar studies of a second and younger fault zone and of the cross-cutting relationships between the two shear zone systems (with displacements of up to 110 km), provide an explanation for the present-day distribution of high pressure rocks in the region and have important implications for the early growth of this part of Laurentia.
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Mutubwa, Wilfred Akhonya. "Assessing the feasibility of the institutional design of an expanded and devolved trade and investment section of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27021.
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Africa has always aspired for the economic integration of its markets. This endeavour is evident right from the 1960s clamour for independence and shortly thereafter, as newly independent states. During this period African countries under the umbrella of the OAU underscored economic cooperation as the basis for intra-African relations. However, it was not until the year 1991, with the conclusion of the AEC Treaty, that the continent formally adopted a framework and roadmap towards continental economic integration.
The 40-year roadmap towards a continental economic community was premised upon the two principles of harmonisation and devolution. Moreover, the six-stage integration process set out in Article 6 of the AEC Treaty identifies the eight RECs in Africa as the building blocks for the continent’s proposed single market and economic union. It also underpinned the economic integration of the continent on the harmonious co-existence of the RECs.
A step-wise ambitious integration model was adopted under Article 6 of the AEC Treaty. The model envisaged the creation of a Free Trade Area (FTA), followed by a Customs Union, a Common Market and ultimately a fully-fledged Economic Union. As a first step towards the continental integration, the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) was unveiled in 2018.
Cross border, intra-African trade, is bound to lead to a rise in investment and commercial transactions on the continent. This, in turn, will inevitably lead to disputes which require resolution. The economic integration of the continent is fast evolving under the aegis of the AU; whose dispute settlement system is currently also under review. Significantly, the AU has consolidated its dispute settlement mechanism, following the merger in 2008 of the ACJ and ACH&PR, into a single AU court, known as the African Court of Justice and Human Rights (ACJ&HR).
It is within the context of the merged AU single court that this thesis grounds itself. It seeks to interrogate the adequacy of the continental trade and investment dispute settlement system and examines its viability within the consolidated AU dispute settlement system. While the AU led continental economic integration gains pace, the dispute settlement system, critical for the integration, is either lagging behind or is not receiving adequate attention. As a result, the dispute settlement systems created under the AEC and AfCFTA are incongruent with the principles of harmonisation and devolution, which underpin the continent’s economic integration goals.
The recommendations proffered, align with the philosophy of harmonising and devolving the continental trade and investment dispute settlement system. The research proposes to locate the continental trade and investment dispute settlement within the AU single court system. The principal recommendation is not only to expand the Court’s jurisdiction in order to accommodate the trade and investment mandate, but also to use sub-regional REC judicial organs as courts of first instance for the ACJ&HR. A hierarchical order of the continental court system, with the single AU Court at the apex, is also proposed in this study as the supreme overarching supranational judicial organ.Public, Constitutional, and International Law
LL.D.