Journal articles: 'Continental integration'

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Vinokurov, Evgeny. "Emerging Eurasian Continental Integration." Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies 6, no. 1 (January 2014): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974910113511194.

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Bezrukov, Leonid. "EURASIAN CONTINENTAL INTEGRATION: PREREQUISITES AND DIFFICULTIES." Central Asia and The Caucasus 20, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 007–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.19.4.01.

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Rugman, Alan M. "Continental Accord: North American Economic Integration." Journal of International Business Studies 24, no. 1 (March 1993): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.1993.13.

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Villeneuve, Paul. "Canada, Québec, and North American Continental Integration." Recherche 39, no. 2-3 (April 12, 2005): 393–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/057213ar.

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Une façon, maintenant classique, d'étudier l'évolution de la formation sociale canadienne consiste à voir celle-ci comme résultant de tensions entre deux champs d'interaction, l'un est-ouest, l'autre sud-nord. Depuis le milieu du XIX' siècle, la conjoncture géopolitique mondiale favorisa tantôt un champ, tantôt l'autre. Présentement, elle avantagerait surtout le développement des rapports sud-nord. Trois types d'interaction spatiale entre le Canada et les États-Unis sont considérés à la lumière de cette hypothèse générale. L'analyse de l'évolution des flux de marchandises, de passagers aériens et d'images télévisuelles permet de préciser certains aspects du processus d'intégration continentale qui a cours présentement en Amérique du Nord. Ce processus chaotique et multiforme peut avoir des effets imprévus sur les liens entre le Canada et le Québec.

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Vinokurov, E., and A. Libman. "Two Integration Processes in Eurasia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 20, 2013): 47–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-2-47-72.

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The paper considers the evolution of the processes of the regional integration in the post-Soviet space and in the broader space of the Eurasian continent. It points out the main directions of the formation of the Eurasian continental integration from the point of view of the intergovernmental interaction, spontaneous economic ties and common infrastructure, as well as discusses the optimal framework of adjustment of regional groupings in the post-Soviet space to the process of Eurasian continental integration, taking into account the specifics of this process among the Western and the Eastern wings of the CIS.

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Lester, David. "Marital Integration, Suicide and Homicide." Psychological Reports 73, no. 3_suppl (December 1993): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.3f.1354.

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Divorce and marriage rates were correlated with suicide and homicide rates over the 48 continental states in 1980, supporting Durkheim's theory of suicide, while ratio measures (such as divorce/marriage) were not.

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STANFORD, JAMES. "Continental Economic Integration: Modeling the Impact on Labor." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 526, no. 1 (March 1993): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716293526001008.

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Gottschalk, Keith. "African Peacekeeping and African Integration: Current Challenges." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-4-678-686.

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Peacekeeping and economic union are the two most important dimensions of African integration. The first section of this article aims to analyse some current challenges to African peacekeeping, peacemaking, and African integration. The continuing Libyan civil war epitomizes the diplomatic stalemates and military stalemates which form the limits of current African peacekeeping. It exposes the North African Regional Capability and North African Standby Brigade as paper structures which do not exist operationally, and so limit the capacity of the African Union’s Peace and Security Council. The military intervention of states outside Africa can polarize conflicts and escalate civil wars. Africa’s colonial epoch serves as a warning of the potential dangers of foreign military bases in Africa. In parts of West Africa, states sub-contract peacemaking and anti-terrorist operations to unsupervised local militias, which are lawless at best, and commit ethnic killings at worst. African integration fares better in the economic dimension. The second section analyses African integration, with its focus on the most recent step of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which starts to lay the cornerstone envisaged four decades ago in the Lagos Plan of Action, and three decades ago in the Abuja Treaty for an African Economic Community. The historic track record of African continental organizations indicates that a decade will be a realistic minimum period for it to be substantially implemented. The Pan-African Payment and Settlement System will help operationalize the AfCFTA by lowering forex currency transaction charges. Severe difficulties can be predicted for future attempts to upgrade the AfCFTA into a continental customs union, and ultimately into a continental common market.

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Lester, David. "Social Integration and Primary versus Secondary Murder." Psychological Reports 75, no. 2 (October 1994): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.2.962.

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Trivedi, Sonu. "AU and EU: A Comparative Study in Continental Integration." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 59, no. 3-4 (July 2003): 30–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492840305900302.

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Armel, Dr Kaze. "Understanding the African Continental Free Trade Area: Beyond “Single Market” to “Africa’s Rejuvenation” Analysis." Education, Society and Human Studies 1, no. 2 (July 12, 2020): p84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eshs.v1n2p84.

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While global trends continue to move from integration towards heightened protectionism, and retaliatory trade measures, African countries improved their intra-regional trade levels and deepened their regional integration by launching the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The AfCFTA seeks to deepen Africa’s market integration at regional and continental levels; smash down tariff barriers within Africa; boost intra-Africa trade; promote regional and continental value chains; and hopefully deliver Africa’s rejuvenation. However, Africa as a continent is facing many challenges, especially its notions and concepts of development, plus the complications caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, questions are being aroused on whether African policy makers are prepared enough to overcome the AfCFTA related challenges. This article examines the mechanisms needed to fully implement the recently signed continental free trade area deal, its impact on Africa’s Regional Economic Communities (RECs), and what’s in it for Africa’s major economic partners. In this article, the author will also point out existing daunting challenges and give a series of policy recommendations.

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Bilas, Vlatka. "United Africa: realistic or not?" Oeconomica Jadertina 10, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/oec.3053.

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There is a proliferation trend of a number of regional economic integrations in the world, as well as their deepening. This global trend spilled over in Africa, where the creation and deepening of regional economic integrations with the ultimate objective/goal of establishing one continental integration is considered a development imperative. A single market of 1.3 billion people can make a difference, from the aspect of trade, productivity, competitiveness, creation of new jobs and higher living standard. This paper aims to provide an overview and discuss challenges and perspectives of the development of regional integrations in Africa with special emphasis on eight regional economic communities recognized as building blocks of the African Union. Accordingly, the contribution of the paper is twofold. First, it gives an overview of the main features of regional economic integration of Africa and the performance of eight regional economic communities. Second, it identifies the main challenges and gains of regional economic integration processes in Africa and offers recommendations for further successful regional integration processes in Africa.

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Katz-Lavigne, Sarah, and Moses N. Kiggundu. "African continental integration scholarly literature review: Advances, gaps, and opportunities." Africa Journal of Management 5, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 303–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23322373.2019.1676100.

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Parent, C., and M. C. Pinch. "NAD83 SECONDARY INTEGRATION." CISM journal 42, no. 4 (January 1988): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-1988-0028.

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The Canadian geodetic network that was adjusted with networks of other North American countries, in the July 1986 Continental Adjustment, included only the 8000-station national primary framework. There still remains many thousands of stations contained in regional and local secondary networks to integrate into the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). Secondary Integration is a cooperative project organized by member agencies of the Canadian Control Survey Committee (CCSC) which first met in 1982. Since then, members have automated and evaluated secondary network data for approximately 100 000 stations established by conventional, inertial and satellite surveying methods. The task of compiling and testing Helmert blocks for input to the simultaneous adjustment of primary and secondary networks is now underway. This paper describes the plans and progress, and some of the problems that challenge us in the NAD83 Secondary Integration Project.

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Bertolini, Elisa. "The Constitutional Identity of European Micro States and the Continental Integration Mechanisms. The Influence of the Diminutive Size." ICL Journal 14, no. 2 (August 4, 2020): 133–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icl-2019-0055.

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AbstractThe article analyses the impact that the diminutive size of the four continental Europe micro states has upon their constitutional arrangements and their approach toward continental integration mechanisms. Generally speaking, the international commitment toward integration mechanisms is one of the distinguishing traits of micro states. It may seem a paradox, but actually the international dimension is much more strategic for micro than for macro states. However, being micro territorial enclaves demanded certain ability from the part of European micro states when managing foreign relations in order not to be swallowed by their macro neighbours. Therefore, they carried out for centuries a cautious policy of ‘guarded openness’, trying to strike a balance between the maintenance of their traditional institutions and the need to interact on a continental scale. Constitutional systems that at a first glance are unusual may be an obstacle to integration and thus have to be reformed. However, not too much, because otherwise the whole system may implode if deprived of its original constitutional balance. The protection of national tradition and identity is conservative, in the sense that it arises from the necessity of self-preservation, rather than from ideology. The article claims that the ambivalent approach of continental Europe micro states have when interacting with macro states within the Council of Europe and the EU directly derives from their diminutive size. Furthermore, the relevant role played by the diminutive size is proved by the fact that recently the EU adopted a specific micro states approach. Hence, the article also aims at investigating how they try to strike a balance between the commitment toward self-preservation – ie their constitutional identity – and the commitment toward continental integration mechanisms.

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Bieling, Hans-Jürgen. "Implikationen der neuen europäischen Ökonomie." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 36, no. 144 (September 1, 2006): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v36i144.544.

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From the mid 1980s onwards, successive deepening and widening of European integration has led to the emergence of a new European economy. Its mode of operation is increasingly subjected to the dynamics of global and European financial markets. This article addresses the question inasmuch financial integration has an impact on the transformation of continental European systems of production and innovation. It argues that this impact is rather negative. For, although financial integration is geared towards the US model, it is not able to capitalise on its economic advantages. On the contrary, economic indicators underline that the previous productive strength and innovative ability of continental European systems are impaired by the dominant role of securities markets.

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Schenk, H. J., S. Espino, C. M. Goedhart, M. Nordenstahl, H. I. M. Cabrera, and C. S. Jones. "Hydraulic integration and shrub growth form linked across continental aridity gradients." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 32 (August 4, 2008): 11248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0804294105.

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Mendonça, António. "The European crisis and global economy dynamics: Continental enlargement versus Atlantic opening." Panoeconomicus 61, no. 5 (2014): 543–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan1405543m.

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The fundamental idea we discuss in this paper is that the failure of Europe to deal with the international crisis is due, first and foremost, to the deepening of a more specific crisis that affected the very process of European integration and developed through two main channels: one, broader, linked to the erosion of the original driving forces underpinning integration in Europe; another, more circumscribed, linked to the malfunctioning of the euro as an internal adjustment mechanism of the currency zone. To deal with these structural dimensions of the crisis, we put forward a model of a Global Europe against the model of Continental Europe that has dominated the integration process until now and in this alternative framework we discuss the potential role of Portugal and of the Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries.

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Fagbayibo, Babatunde. "The Legal Regime of Compliance with Regional Norms in Africa: Reframing the Paradigms of Engagement." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 27, no. 3 (August 2019): 446–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2019.0283.

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A presumption of compliance with transnational norms underlies the conception of regional integration processes and measures. The African integration progress has over the years experienced an acute degree of non-compliance by member states at both sub-regional and continental levels. This situation has stymied the integration process and also raised the importance of approaching the issue of non-compliance from a contextual, pragmatic angle. This article discusses this issue by raising some of the critical challenges obfuscating compliance with regional integration standards in Africa. The article explores some structural measures that can better enhance compliance with regional integration and standards in Africa.

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Oppong, Richard Frimpong. "Jorg Kleis, African Regional Community Courts and Their Contribution to Continental Integration." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 27, no. 3 (August 2019): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2019.0284.

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Massell, David. "“As Though There Was No Boundary”: the Shipshaw Project and Continental Integration." American Review of Canadian Studies 34, no. 2 (August 2004): 187–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02722010409481198.

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Sippel, Harald. "Jörg Kleis: African Regional Community Courts and their Contribution to Continental Integration." Recht in Afrika 22, no. 1 (2019): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2019-1-131.

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Rivarola Puntigliano, Andrés. "21st century geopolitics: integration and development in the age of ‘continental states’." Territory, Politics, Governance 5, no. 4 (September 16, 2016): 478–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2016.1220867.

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Maseng, Jonathan Oshupeng, and Frank Gadiwele Lekaba. "United Nations Security Council reform and the dilemmas of African continental integration." African Security Review 23, no. 4 (September 25, 2014): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2014.948896.

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Pain, Nigel. "Continental Drift: European Integration and the Location of U.K. Foreign Direct Investment." Manchester School 65, S (January 1997): 94–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9957.65.s.5.

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Mangelsdorf, K., and J. Kallmeyer. "Integration of Deep Biosphere Research into the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program." Scientific Drilling 10 (September 1, 2010): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-10-46-2010.

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Fagbayibo, Babatunde. "Nkrumahism, Agenda 2063, and the Role of Intergovernmental Institutions in Fast-tracking Continental Unity." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no. 4 (May 23, 2017): 629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909617709489.

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The doctrinal relationship between Nkrumahism and the African Union Agenda 2063 informs the basis of this article. If continental supranationalism remains the end product of both processes, the question then is to what extent are intergovernmental institutions positioned to achieve this? In addressing this point, the article discusses the roles the two key intergovernmental institutions, the African Union Commission and the Pan-African Parliament, can both play in deepening the integration agenda, and more specifically, the implementation plan of Agenda 2063. The article argues that the existent configuration of both institutions prevents any meaningful advancement towards a deepened integrative agenda. It then proffers ways of counteracting this.

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Mustapha, Ayodele Haruna, and D. Adetoye. "Nigeria and the African Continental Free Trade Agreement Area (AFCFTA): Issues, Challenges and Prospect." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 2 (March 8, 2020): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.72.7698.

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In order to improve intra-continental trade in Africa Union (AU) introduced the African Continental Force Trade Agreement Area (AFCTFA) to create single continental market for the free movement of goods and services within the African Continent. AU is progressively eliminating tariffs as well as non-tariff barrier to African trade through the AFCFTA which will make it easier for African businesses to trade within the continent and benefit from growing African market. Nigeria’s position on the AFCFTA remains that African economic and social integration must be rules-based and with built-in safeguard against injurious practices. AFCFTA is an important part of the AU – 2063 Agenda to promote economic and social integration on the continent. Agreement comprises of the framework, the protocols for trade in goods and trade in services and the mechanism for dispute resolution. AFCFTA is to facilitate economic growth and diversification through preferential access to Africa’s market. The paper examines Nigeria’s stands which states that continental aspirations must compliment Nigeria’s national interest which includes not positioning it as a dumping ground for finished goods. The paper makes use of secondary source of data to elicit information while it examines the challenges like how will the agreement be implemented on the ground without the necessary infrastructure being built without the procedural issues that makes corruption very possible at the borders. The paper adopts free trade theory to midwife the study.

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Wolf, Brian. "Contentious Politics in North America: National Protest and Transnational Collaboration Under Continental Integration." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 39, no. 3 (May 2010): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094306110367909c.

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Brunelle, Dorval, and Christian Deblock. "Free Trade and Trade-Related Issues in Quebec: The Challenges of Continental Integration." American Review of Canadian Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1997): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02722019709481487.

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Trein, Philipp. "Bossing or Protecting? The Integration of Social Regulation into the Welfare State." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 691, no. 1 (September 2020): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716220953758.

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This article is an empirical analysis of how social regulation is integrated into the welfare state. I compare health, migration, and unemployment policy reforms in Australia, Austria, Canada, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the United States from 1980 to 2014. Results show that the timing of reform events is similar among countries for health and unemployment policy but differs among countries for migration policy. For migration and unemployment policy, the integration of regulation and welfare is more likely to entail conditionality compared to health policy. In other words, in these two policy fields, it is more common that claimants receive financial support upon compliance with social regulations. Liberal or Continental European welfare regimes are especially inclined to integration. I conclude that integrating regulation and welfare entails a double goal: “bossing” citizens by making them take up available jobs while expelling migrants and refugees for minor offenses; and protecting citizens from risks, such as noncommunicable diseases.

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Shaw, Timothy M. "Peripheral Social Formations in the New Division of Labour: African States in the Mid-1980s." Journal of Modern African Studies 24, no. 3 (September 1986): 489–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00007138.

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If the study of the foreign policies of underdeveloped countries is underdeveloped, the systematic analysis of their foreign policy decisions is not. It is simply nonexistent. – Bahgat Korany, 1984 1The first half of the 1980s has posed new challenges for African foreign policy in practice and analysis, symbolised by the Ethiopian drought and the conflict in Southern Africa, but generalised in the continental crisis of negative growth. The halcyon days of the 1960s – the innocence and optimism of early African nationalism – have long since disappeared, obliterated by the global and regional shocks of the 1970s. The first independence decade coincided with a period of gradual economic expansion – as it turned out, the continent's last. The years since the mid-1970s – the end of the post-war Bretton Woods era – have been characterised by slow growth at best, for a minority of states, and by none for the majority of countries and peoples. Thus the African agenda has shifted dramatically from nation-building to -salvaging, and from import-substitution to de-industrialisation. Somewhat fanciful notions of regional and continental integration have been replaced by pragmatic imperatives of food aid and debt relief.

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Farcane, Deliu, and Bureană. "A Corporate Case Study: The Application of Rokeach’s Value System to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 6612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236612.

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Starting from the research assumption that corporate social responsibility (CSR) values cannot be communicated efficiently, if they do not belong naturally to a company’s identity, this paper debates the prospect of applying Rokeach’s Value System (1973) to Continental corporation’s CSR values. Rokeach’s Value System (1973) is used to compare Continental data provided online and establish whether the ideal corporate values presented by the company are similar to the real values, with respect to the CSR values. We base our assessment of the level of integration of CSR into corporate identity on Maon et al.’s integrated model of CSR development (2010). Our analysis reveals that although the Continental corporation works with the CSR concept in a strategic and systematic manner, the set CSR values do not correspond to the real corporate values.

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BOHLING, JOSEPH. "Colonial or Continental Power? The Debate over Economic Expansion in Interwar France, 1925–1932." Contemporary European History 26, no. 2 (May 2017): 217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777317000066.

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In the 1920s various French elites argued that the nation state was not viable in an increasingly interdependent world economy dominated by ‘continental blocs’ such as the United States and the Soviet Union; instead, they hoped to expand French economic power through larger political structures, whether France's existing empire or a federal Europe. French foreign minister Aristide Briand called for the organisation of Europe at the same time that other elites advocated the consolidation of the French empire. Although imperial rivalry would trump European cooperation in the interwar years, the 1920s created a framework for post-1945 debates about whether France would achieve economic growth and maintain political independence through colonial development, continental cooperation or some combination of the two. Conventional narratives locate the origins of European integration in the devastations of the Second World War and the crisis of empire. This article argues that integration was conceived within and in tension with, not outside of, an imperial framework.

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Silva, André Luiz Reis da, and Isadora Loreto da Silveira. "Da ALCA à CELAC: o Brasil e os desafios da integração continental / CELAC the FTAA: Brazil and the challenges of continental integration." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 1, no. 3 (January 28, 2013): 424–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2012.v1n3.p424-447.

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Este trabalho procura, primeiramente, analisar o processo de negociações da Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (Alca), que reuniria 34 países do continente americano, ou seja, todos que o compõem, à exceção de Cuba. Busca-se também examinar os desdobramentos diretos e indiretos das negociações, pois se infere que o impacto desse projeto sobre as relações entre os EUA e os países da América Latina e Caribe, e entre os próprios países latino-americanos, foi muito significativo. A proposta foi lançada na I Cúpula das Américas, em 1994, por iniciativa dos EUA, e tinha o encerramento de suas negociações previsto para 2005. Embora não tenha sido implementada, a negociação da Alca produziu efeitos, contrabalançando processos de integração latino-americanos. A corroboração do fracasso da proposta da Alca, em 2005, em Mar del Plata, sublinhou a importância dos processos próprios de integração e concertação política sul e latino-americanos. Esse acontecimento é relevante, pois tais processos se configuram como vias para o desenvolvimento e a defesa dos interesses nacionais dos países da região. A análise deste artigo parte das negociações da Alca durante o governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, examina a proposta de "Alca light" do governo Lula, e culmina na derrocada do projeto da Alca, nas iniciativas latino-americanas autônomas - como a CALC e a CELAC - e na nova estratégia dos EUA para a região. Abstract: Firstly, this paper seeks to analyze the Free Trade Area of ??the Americas (FTAA) negotiation process, which would bring together 34 countries in the Americas, that is, all who compose it, except for Cuba. We also examine the direct and indirect consequences of negotiations, because the impact of this project on relations between the U.S. and Latin America and the Caribbean, and also among Latin American countries, was very significant. The proposal was launched at the 1st Summit of the Americas in 1994, as a U.S. initiative, and the closure of negotiations was scheduled for 2005. Although it has not been implemented, the FTAA has produced effects, counterbalancing processes of Latin American integration. The corroboration of the failure of the proposed FTAA, in 2005, in Mar del Plata, stressed the importance of the development of Latin and South America's own processes of integration and political coordination. This event is relevant, since such processes constitute ways for the development and defense of national interests of the countries in the region. This paper's analysis departs from the negotiations during the Cardoso government, examines the Lula administration proposal of a "light FTAA", and culminates with the collapse of the FTAA project, with autonomous Latin American initiatives - such as CALC and CELAC - and with the new U.S. strategy for the region.

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Avram, Laurentia Georgeta, and VIORICA FILOFTEIA BRAGA. "THEORIES REGARDING THE ROLE OF THE GROWTH POLES IN THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION." Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v6i2.530.

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The specialized literature stressed very little or not at all the role of the growth poles in the economic integration, although the development of the national economies depend on connecting the major urban centers in the regional economic system, continental and global levels. Conversely, integration and globalization of the economic, socio-political, cultural and the transition to a knowledge economy seem to be major factors in the transformation and restructuring of the growth poles and the urban systems dependent on them.

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Gorina-Ysern, Montserrat. "Marine Technology, Oceanic Research Activities and Their Integration into the General Framework of International Law." Marine Technology Society Journal 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533207787442079.

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Marine technology is a fundamental component in the conduct of oceanic research activities. This article focuses on three oceanic research activities—ocean exploration, outer continental shelf delimitation and operational oceanography—that provide important benefits to all societies and yet are not well known by the general public. It is suggested that the peripheral status of these activities, by contrast with research impinging on marine mammals, is due to the absence of international disputes since the end of WWII involving oceanic research. This positive development, however, is offset by the development of the law governing oceanic research activities away from a body of legal experts in international law. The marginal regulation of ocean exploration, outer continental shelf delimitation and operational oceanography suffers from definitional, fragmentation and complementarity defects, as well as from the absence of a case law in the field that could assist the international judicial and legal professions, as well as policymakers, oceanographers, and law enforcement agencies in ensuring a greater degree of legal certainty, predictability, and security in the face of important new expansionary claims and new technologies.

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Aderounmu, Busayo, Victoria Okafor, Abigail Godwin, Oluwatoyin Matthew, and Romanus Osabohien. "East African trade agreement and continental economic integration: prospects and constraints for economic development." International Journal of Trade and Global Markets 14, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtgm.2021.10024307.

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Liu, Yan Y., David R. Maidment, David G. Tarboton, Xing Zheng, and Shaowen Wang. "A CyberGIS Integration and Computation Framework for High-Resolution Continental-Scale Flood Inundation Mapping." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 54, no. 4 (June 12, 2018): 770–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12660.

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Frapporti, Mattia. "The European Logistics Space: On Jean Monnet and the Integration of Europe." Notas Económicas, no. 49 (December 6, 2019): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-203x_49_3.

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This article aims to investigate a different genealogical line of European integration. Through a partial use of the biography of Jean Monnet, I aim to expand the temporal borders of the path often outlined by European integration history, taking advantage of an analytical tool that is rarely used in this context: logistics. On the one hand, I propose to make the Schuman Declaration resonant with a broader “European past”. On the other hand, my aim is to show that some categories of the global present also pervade the process of continental integration. All in all, this path reveals that the latter process was originally developed to build what I call the “European Logistics Space”.

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Simo, Regis Y. "Trade in Services in the African Continental Free Trade Area: Prospects, Challenges and WTO Compatibility." Journal of International Economic Law 23, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 65–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgz031.

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ABSTRACT This article engages with the recently adopted agreement for the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in the area of services. While services trade had heretofore stood at the queue of African trade pacts, the AfCFTA breaks new grounds by negotiating goods and services concurrently, signalling a paradigm shift and a commitment to a deeper integration of the continent. Upon Members’ implementation of the Protocol on Trade in Services, whose aim is to establish a single market in services, the region will be the largest economic integration agreement ever concluded since the birth of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This paper sets out to analyse the provisions of the Protocol and how they contribute to achieving the objective of attaining a single market where services (alongside goods, people and capital) move unrestricted.

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Ofodile, Uche Ewelukwa. "Protocol on the Establishment of the African Monetary Fund & Statute of the African Monetary Fund." International Legal Materials 54, no. 3 (June 2015): 507–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.54.3.0507.

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On June 27, 2014, at the 23rd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union held in Malobo, Equatorial Guinea, member states of the Africa Union adopted the Protocol on the Establishment of the African Monetary Fund (Fund). Plan for the Fund is not new but dates back to the 1963 Charter of the Organization of African Unity (the predecessor to the Africa Union) as well as to the 1991 Abuja Treaty—the agreement that established the African Economic Community and put in place a framework for continental integration. The Constitutive Act of the African Union (Constitutive Act) adopted in 2000 also envisaged the establishment of the Fund. Annexed to the Protocol is the Statute of the African Monetary Fund (Statute). As envisioned in the Abuja Treaty, the Fund, together with continental institutions such as the Africa Investment Bank and the African Central Bank that are still in the pipeline, are critical to efforts to create a continental economic and monetary union in Africa.

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Varga, Nicole L., and Patricia J. Bauer. "Using Event-related Potentials to Inform the Neurocognitive Processes Underlying Knowledge Extension through Memory Integration." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 11 (November 2017): 1932–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01168.

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To build a general knowledge base, it is imperative that individuals acquire, integrate, and further extend knowledge across experiences. For instance, in one episode an individual may learn that George Washington was the first president. In a separate episode they may then learn that Washington was the commander of the Continental Army. Integration of the information in memory may then support self-derivation of the new knowledge that the leader of the Continental Army was also the first president. Despite a considerable amount of fMRI research aimed at further elucidating the neuroanatomical regions supporting this ability, a consensus has yet to be reached with regards to the precise neurocognitive processes involved. In the present research, we capitalized on the high temporal resolution of event-related potentials (ERPs) to inform the time course of processes elicited during successful integration and further extension of new factual knowledge. Adults read novel, related stem facts and were tested for self-derivation of novel integration facts while ERPs were recorded. Consistent with current theoretical models, memory integration was first triggered by novelty detection within 400 msec of experience of a second, related stem fact. Two additional temporally staged encoding processes were then observed interpreted to reflect (1) explicit meaning comprehension and (2) representation of the integrated relation in memory. During the test for self-derivation, a single ERP was elicited, which presumably reflected retrieval and/or recombination of previously integrated knowledge. Together, the present research provides important insight into the time course of neurocognitive processing associated with the formation of a knowledge base.

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Richards, Laura J., Robert Kieser, Timothy J. Mulligan, and John R. Candy. "Classification of Fish Assemblages based on Echo Integration Surveys." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 1264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-152.

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Echo integration data typically collected during fish biomass surveys have additional utility in species recognition. Our analysis is based on a rockfish (family Scorpaenidae) hydroacoustic survey off the northwest coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Survey data from 105 echogram sections were divided into two categories on the basis of ocean bottom habitat. One category corresponded to an area of bedrock outcrops and the other to the continental slope adjacent to the shelf break. Hydroacoustic characteristics of the bottom-oriented fish assemblages associated with these habitats could be described by time of day, mean volume density, dispersion, and mean off-bottom distance of the biomass. Nearest-neighbour analysis of these features classified assemblages into habitat categories with up to 97% success. Between-habitat differences in the assemblages were also evident from concurrent experimental fishing. Different rockfish species dominated the assemblages in the two areas. Our results suggest general methods for distinguishing among species groups in hydroacoustic survey data.

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Paelinck, Jean H. P., and Mario Polèse. "Modelling the Regional Impact of Continental Economic Integration: Lessons from the European Union for NAFTA." Regional Studies 33, no. 8 (November 1999): 727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343409950079188.

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Mupangavanhu, Y. "African Union Rising to the Need for Continental IP Protection? The Establishment of the Pan-African Intellectual Property Organization." Journal of African Law 59, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855314000229.

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AbstractIntellectual property rights protection is at the forefront of some of the major controversies regarding the impact of globalization. African countries have in recent years participated to an unprecedented degree in both international and bilateral initiatives dealing with intellectual property. The negotiating positions have been varied and, from a regional perspective, have not been coherent at some levels, with different countries advancing different positions. African countries have adopted regional integration as a strategy to deal with the challenges of globalization. Regional integration is believed to increase negotiating capacities and competitiveness in global trade. It is also believed to improve access to foreign technology. The African Union is facilitating the establishment of a continental intellectual property body. Accordingly, the main aim of this article is to discuss the establishment of the Pan-African Intellectual Property Organization in line with the African Union's vision for regional integration.

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Teixeira, Pedro Nunes. "EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA NA EUROPA: A TERCEIRA MISSÃO." REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA 6, no. 1 (October 12, 2015): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36661/2358-0399.2015v6i1.3069.

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In many countries, interest in greater openness and integration of universities to social and economic environment is growing. Driven by society and the knowledge economy and the social demands, the University Extension has gained increasing importance, both in Latin America where the main focus is on direct social actions, interventions promoting citizenship and fomenting local leadership, whether in developed economies where services and technology transfer receive greater attention. In continental Europe the term correlate to the most widely adopted extension is "Third Mission", and is subdivided into three sub-areas: Continuing Education, Technology Transfer and Innovation, and Social Engagement. This Academy playing field also gains strength in the "old continent". Em vários países, o interesse por maior abertura e integração das universidades ao meio social e econômico é crescente. Impulsionada pela sociedade e economia do conhecimento e pelas demandas sociais, a Extensão Universitária ganha cada vez mais importância, seja na América Latina onde o foco principal são ações sociais diretas, intervenções promotoras da cidadania e fomentadoras do protagonismo local, seja em economias mais desenvolvidas onde os serviços e a transferência de tecnologia recebem maior atenção. Na Europa continental o termo correlato à extensão mais adotado é “Terceira Missão” (Third Mission)1, e subdivide-se em três sub-áreas: Educação Continuada, Transferência de Tecnologia e Inovação, e Engajamento Social. Este campo de atuação da academia também ganha força no “velho continente”.

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Andriy, Moldovan. "INTEGRATION OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH, PHYSICAL AND SPORTS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES." Sport Science and Human Health 4, no. 2 (2020): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2664-2069.2020.2.9.

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Introduction. The article considers entrepreneurial activity as satisfaction and further stimulation of consumer needs, and the concept of "Physical Culture" in its health-improving, recreational (restorative) aspects. The importance of integrating physical culture and Recreation, Physical Culture and sports and entrepreneurial activities at the social level to promote the idea and ideals of sports, achievements and achievements in the field of Fkis is revealed. The development of sports entrepreneurship is promoted by the activities of modern mass media, the implementation of international sports relations between different countries, the organization and holding of the Olympic Games, Continental and World Championships. The integration of Physical Culture and recreation, sports and entrepreneurial types of entrepreneurial activity leads to significant transformations in the content and forms of management of specialists in the Fkis industry. It is determined that an important prerequisite for the integration of Physical Culture and Recreation, Physical Culture and sports and entrepreneurial activity is the use of the results of careful understanding of methods, mechanisms, forms and methods of management, strategies and sources of legal and financial support for entrepreneurship, which emphasizes the objective need for high-quality training of specialists in Physical Culture and sports to entrepreneurship and actualizes the problem of developing their entrepreneurial competence.

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Liu, Mei, Irina Filina, and Paul Mann. "Crustal structure of Mesozoic rifting in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico from integration of seismic and potential fields data." Interpretation 7, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): T857—T867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2018-0259.1.

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We have investigated the crustal structure of a 400 km wide zone of thinned continental crust in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) using gravity and magnetic modeling along two deeply penetrated seismic transects. Using this approach, we identify two zones of prominent, southward-dipping reflectors associated with 7–10 km thick, dense, and highly magnetic material. Previous workers have interpreted the zones as either coarse clastic redbeds of Mesozoic age that are tilted within half-grabens or seaward-dipping reflectors of magmatic origin. Both seismic reflection lines reveal a 10 km thick and 67 km wide northern zone of high density near the Florida coastline beneath the Apalachicola rift (AR). The southern zone of high density occurs 70 km to the south in the deepwater central GOM along the northern flank of the marginal rift, a 48 km wide, southeast-trending structure of inferred Late Jurassic age that is filled by 3 km of low-density and low-magnetic susceptibility sediments including complexly deformed salt deposits. We propose that these two subparallel rifts and their associated magmatic belts formed in the following sequence: (1) AR formed during Triassic-early Jurassic (210–163 Ma) phase 1 of diffuse continental stretching and was partially infilled on its northern edge by southward-dipping volcanic flows; and (2) the similarly southward-dipping southern magmatic zone formed adjacent to the marginal rift during the early phase 2 of late Jurassic (161–153 Ma) rifting of the GOM continental extension; this southern area of SDR formation immediately preceded the formation of the adjacent oceanic crust that separated the rift-related evaporates into the northern and southern GOM. Our integrated approach combining 2D seismic, gravity, and magnetic data sets results in a more confident delineation of these deep crustal features than from seismic data alone.

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Scott Aigheyisi, Oziengbe. "The African Continental Free Trade Area and Its Employment-Generation Potentials in Nigeria’s Industrial Sector." Economy, Business & Development: An International Journal 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebd.00004.

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The study empirically examines the employment generation potentials of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) in Nigeria’s industrial sector. The ARDL approach to cointegration and error correction modeling is employed for analysis of annual time series data covering the period 19912020. The study finds inter alia that the short run effect of expansion of intra-African trade (expected to result from the AfCFTA) on industrial sector employment is positive and statistically significant. The long run effect is also positive, but not statistically significant. It also finds that trade openness integration of the economy with the global market – significantly enhances employment generation in the nation’s industrial sector in the long run; though the short run effect is negative and significant. These suggest that the country’s membership of the AfCFTA and implementation of policies aimed at (cautiously) deepening the integration of the economy with the global market should be considered as supplementary avenues to achieving (sustainable) employment generation in the nation’s industrial sector in the short-and long-run. Other evidence-based policy recommendations are discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Continental integration'

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