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Journal articles on the topic 'Contingency assessment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Allan, Lorraine G., Samuel D. Hannah, Matthew J. C. Crump, and Shepard Siegel. "The psychophysics of contingency assessment." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 137, no. 2 (2008): 226–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.137.2.226.

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2

Adesina, L.M. "Contingency Assessment of Medium Voltage Distribution System." Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences 7, no. 1 (2022): 136–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6722319.

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<em>A power distribution network is simply an inter-connection of 33/11 kV power transformers, network in-feeds, distribution station buses and the loads. The security of such a system is of great consideration in power utilities. Thus, contingency analysis is often used to determine the security of such system. Several methods used in analyzing power system security include linear programming (LP), least squares (LS), decision trees (DTs), artificial neural network (ANN) etc. These methods were observed from literature to take a long computational period. Therefore, this paper presents a cont

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3

Hecker, R. "Laboratory Management Contingency Planning: Environmental Assessment." Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 7, no. 1 (2002): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535(04)00173-x.

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4

Hecker, Raymond L. "Laboratory Management Contingency Planning: Environmental Assessment." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 7, no. 1 (2002): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00173-x.

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5

Mohamed, A., and G. B. Jasmon. "Voltage contingency selection technique for security assessment." IEE Proceedings C Generation, Transmission and Distribution 136, no. 1 (1989): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-c.1989.0004.

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6

Church, Russell M. "Yoked control designs for assessment of contingency." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11, no. 03 (1988): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00058313.

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7

Nazir, Zunaira, and Math H. J. Bollen. "Graphical Ways to Visualize Operational Risk Results for Transmission System Contingencies." Electricity 3, no. 3 (2022): 442–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity3030023.

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The increased complexity of the transmission grid can endanger the operational security of the grid. Operational risk assessment, a stochastic tool, helps to enhance security. Contingency analysis and its impact quantification are the main constituents of operational risk assessment. In this study, different graphical methods are proposed to visualize operational risk contingency-based detailed results: heat-map and risk-based contingency chart. Through the heat-map, the system operator can determine which contingencies contribute most to the operational risk and would therefore be the most th

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8

Chowdhury, Amit Kumar, Surajit Mondal, Mainak Mukherjee, and Pabitra Kumar Biswas. "Mega Watt Security Assessment of Power Systems." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 58 (September 2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.58.9.

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This paper deals with the security aspects of power system by evaluating the severity of transmission line outage. MW security assessment is made by determining the power flow in the line using load flow for each contingency. The severity of contingency is measured using a scalar index called performance index (PI). DC load flow and Fast Decoupled load flow are used as approximate and exact load flow methods for MW security assessment respectively. Contingency analysis is carried out and ranked lists in the decreasing order of severity based on PI values are prepared for standard test systems.

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Chowdhury, Amit Kumar, Surajit Mondal, Mainak Mukherjee, and Pabitra Kumar Biswas. "Mega Watt Security Assessment of Power Systems." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 58 (September 2, 2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-ycsnwz.

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This paper deals with the security aspects of power system by evaluating the severity of transmission line outage. MW security assessment is made by determining the power flow in the line using load flow for each contingency. The severity of contingency is measured using a scalar index called performance index (PI). DC load flow and Fast Decoupled load flow are used as approximate and exact load flow methods for MW security assessment respectively. Contingency analysis is carried out and ranked lists in the decreasing order of severity based on PI values are prepared for standard test systems.

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10

Mishra, Akanksha, and Gundavarapu Venkata Nagesh Kumar. "Composite Severity Indices Based Contingency Management of Power System: A Comparative Study." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 26 (October 2016): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.26.132.

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Severity assessment of transmission lines is a very important aspect of contingency analysis of a power system. Thereafter, a proper solution needs to be provided to ensure a secured power supply. In this paper, rapid contingency ranking technique (RCRT) has been introduced for the contingency assessment of a power system. Several composite indices have been designed by forming different combinations of line overload indices and voltage stability indices and the results have been compared. Deterministic and probabilistic approach have been used for the placement of IPFC and the results have be

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11

Baleboina, Guru Mohan, Suresh Babu Daram, P. S. Venkataramu, and M. S. Nagaraj. "TCSC Incorporated Voltage Stability Assessment under Contingency Condition." International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing 10, no. 7 (2017): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijgdc.2017.10.7.03.

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12

P, Venkatesh, and N. Visali. "Assessment of Power System Security Using Contingency Analysis." International Journal of Control and Automation 12, no. 5 (2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33832/ijca.2019.12.5.03.

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13

Zhihong Jia and B. Jeyasurya. "Contingency ranking for on-line voltage stability assessment." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 15, no. 3 (2000): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.871738.

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14

Krishnan, Venkat, and James D. McCalley. "Contingency assessment under uncertainty for voltage collapse and its application in risk based contingency ranking." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 43, no. 1 (2012): 1025–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.05.065.

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15

Smith, Donald P., Sandra K. Novotny, and Thearin R. Wendel. "FACILITY-SPECIFIC CONTINGENCY PLANNING UNDER THE OIL SPCC REGULATIONS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (1989): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-19.

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ABSTRACT Under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Oil Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures (SPCC) program, facilities must complete an oil spill prevention and control plan. If a facility is unable to complete a control plan, a contingency plan must be completed in accordance with the SPCC regulations. A recent EPA SPCC Program Task Force found these regulations to be inadequate in several areas, including mandatory facility-specific contingency planning. Contingency planning should be conducted in a three-phase approach: completing risk assessment of the specific facil

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16

Ott, Gary L., and David C. Haynes. "Area Contingency Plan Scorecard." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (1999): 899–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-899.

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ABSTRACT Area Contingency Plans (ACPs) are generally evaluated using basic checklists designed to ensure completeness rather than to evaluate content. This approach encourages an increase in plan size, not plan quality, since only a plan that omits something is likely to be rejected (Abordaif, 1997). If an AC? is in the required format and contains masses of miscellaneous information, the prevailing method of assessment deems the plan a success. However, based on a review of a number of ACPs, many plans do not prepare the response community to accomplish tasks that are critical to success duri

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17

Ahmed, S. El Touny, H. Ibrahim Ahmed, and I. Amer Mohmed. "Estimating Cost Contingency for Highway Construction Projects Using Analytic Hierarchy Processes." IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues 11, no. 6 (2014): 73–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4762112.

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Winning a bid at a price that yields a profit, is one of the contractor's major goals from bidding. One of the significant components of markup is the risk allowance (contingencies). Therefore, contractors should be wise to consider the likelihood that a particular risk will occur, identify the potential financial impact, and determine the suitable contingency allowance if the risk was to be mitigated through contingencies. Based on previous research, usually, most of the contractors set a percentage of the cost as contingencies. This approach of setting the contingency percentage intuitiv

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18

Kumissa, Teshome Lindi, and Fekadu Shewarega. "Transient Stability-Based Fast Power System Contingency Screening and Ranking." Electricity 5, no. 4 (2024): 947–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity5040048.

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Today’s power systems are operated closer to their stability limits due to the continuously growing load demands, interface to open markets, and integration of more renewable energies. In order to provide operators with clear insight on the current system situation, near real-time power systems dynamic security assessment tools are required. One of the core elements of near real-time dynamic security assessment tools is contingency screening and ranking. Most of the commercially available tools screen and rank contingencies by using the traditional numerical integration or Transient Energy Fun

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19

Naji, Shukri Alzaza. "Assessment of the Contingency Theory on Performance Mobile Learning in the Palestinian Higher Education Institutions during Coronavirus Pandemic: Moodle Case Study." International Journal of Novel Research in Engineering and Science 9, no. 1 (2022): 14–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6810038.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> COVID-19 which declared by The World Health Organization (WHO) as pandemic in March 2020 created a contingency situation that affected all human life situation and there has been a huge shift in the way people teach, learn and work. Such pandemic situation provided uncertainty environment in the Palestinian Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs), especially since they had to utilize a full learning environment such as Moodle replacing the conventional (face-to-face, blended, or hybrid). This study aims to investigate the factors of contingency theory on students&rsqu

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20

Lu, Jiazheng, Jun Guo, Zhou Jian, Yihao Yang, and Wenhu Tang. "Resilience Assessment and Its Enhancement in Tackling Adverse Impact of Ice Disasters for Power Transmission Systems." Energies 11, no. 9 (2018): 2272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092272.

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Ice disasters have frequently occurred worldwide in recent years, which seriously affected power transmission system operations. To improve the resilience of power grids and minimize economic losses, this paper proposes a framework for assessing the influence of ice disasters on the resilience of power transmission systems. This method considers the spatial–temporal impact of ice disasters on the resilience of power transmission systems, and the contingence set for risk assessment is established according to contingency probabilities. Based on meteorological data, the outage models of power tr

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21

Hallam, Steve C., Nicholas J. Grahame, and Ralph R. Miller. "Exploring the edges of Pavlovian contingency space: An assessment of contingency theory and its various metrics." Learning and Motivation 23, no. 3 (1992): 225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0023-9690(92)90007-9.

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22

LORD, FABIENNE, SETH TULER, THOMAS WEBLER, and KIRSTIN DOW. "UNNECESSARILY NEGLECTED IN PLANNING: ILLUSTRATION OF A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO IDENTIFY HUMAN DIMENSION IMPACTS OF MARINE OIL SPILLS." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 14, no. 02 (2012): 1250012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333212500123.

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Technological hazards research, including that on oil spills and their aftermath, is giving greater attention to human dimension impacts resulting from events and response. While oil spill contingency planners recognize the importance of human dimension impacts, little systematic attention is given to them in contingency plans. We introduce an approach to identifying human dimensions impacts using concepts from hazard and vulnerability assessment and apply it to the Bouchard-120 oil spill in Buzzards Bay, MA. Our assessment covers the spill, emergency response, clean-up, damage assessment, and

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23

Samsudin, Abd Rahman Auf. "Voltage Stability Assessment Using LVSI Under (N-m) Contingency." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 9, no. 1.2 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2020/0191.22020.

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24

Ananda, Giani, Taufika Ophiyandri, and Abdul Hakam. "Hotels contingency assessment in Padang city against coastal hazard." MATEC Web of Conferences 229 (2018): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822902015.

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Padang city has a variety of regions including coastal. The city of Padang is very vulnerable to coastal disaster (Coastal Hazard). In response to these statements, it is necessary to optimize the Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (MHEWS) for contingencies against coastal hazard referring to the four major components of MHEWS according to UNISDR. Hotels are kind of many public buildings that may be used as shelters. The purpose of this study is to assess the hotel contingencies in Padang city against coastal hazard. To achieve the goal, some near the beach hotels have been selected as the obje

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25

Billinton, R., E. Khan, and S. K. Agarwal. "Contingency cut-off criteria in transmission system adequacy assessment." IEE Proceedings C Generation, Transmission and Distribution 136, no. 4 (1989): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-c.1989.0028.

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26

Tarafdar Hagh, Mehrdad, Milad Zamani Gargari, and Mir Jalal Vahid Pakdel. "Sequential analysis of optimal transmission switching with contingency assessment." IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 12, no. 6 (2018): 1390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.0435.

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27

Zambroni de Souza, A. C., A. P. Alves da Silva, Jorge L. A. Jardim, et al. "A new contingency analysis approach for voltage collapse assessment." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 25, no. 10 (2003): 781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-0615(03)00030-9.

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28

Yuan, Haoyu, and Fangxing Li. "Hybrid voltage stability assessment (VSA) for N− 1 contingency." Electric Power Systems Research 122 (May 2015): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2014.12.022.

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29

Brandwajn, V., A. B. R. Kumar, A. Ipakchi, A. Bose, and S. D. Kuo. "Severity indices for contingency screening in dynamic security assessment." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 12, no. 3 (1997): 1136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.630453.

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30

Caro, Marco Antonio, and Mario Alberto Rios. "Supercomponentes Contingency Modeling for Security Assessment in Power Systems." IEEE Latin America Transactions 7, no. 5 (2009): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2009.5361193.

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31

de Moura, R. D., and R. B. Prada. "Contingency screening and ranking method for voltage stability assessment." IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution 152, no. 6 (2005): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-gtd:20045289.

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32

León Bravo, Verónica, Antonella Moretto, and Federico Caniato. "A roadmap for sustainability assessment in the food supply chain." British Food Journal 123, no. 13 (2021): 199–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-04-2020-0293.

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PurposeTo develop a roadmap of sustainability practices and assessment mechanisms to advance in the sustainable supply chain (SSC) performance assessment in the food supply chain. The analysis is grounded on the contingency and stakeholder theories.Design/methodology/approachThe study follows a multiple case study approach analyzing the sustainability practices implementation and assessment across different supply chain stages in the food industry in Italy. The set of cases comprises 12 companies in the fresh fruit and vegetables (FFV), and seven companies in the “Balsamic Vinegar of Modena” (

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33

Symons, Lisa C., and James P. Delgado. "Update and Lessons Learned from RULET Assessments on Potentially Polluting Wrecks in the US." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (2017): 2017222. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000222.

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In response to a 2010 mandate from Congress, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) produced a specifically-designed Risk Assessment for Potentially Polluting Wrecks in U.S. Waters that was then provided to the U. S. Coast Guard (USCG). A total of 87 risk assessments were presented to the USCG for inclusion into Area Contingency Plans required for all coastal, marine and Great Lakes waters in the U.S. under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S. Code § 1321) in May 2013. USCG relies on NOAA for expertise in response and contingency planning and as a resource trustee for bot

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34

Šejbl, Jan. "The Náprstek Museum Photography Collection – An Assessment Based on Collection Records." Annals of the Náprstek Museum 40, no. 2 (2019): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anpm-2019-0016.

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The study deals with the Náprstek Museum ethnographic photo collection. In order to obtain detailed knowledge of the composition of this collection, an analysis was performed using digital data records obtained through an export from the collection database. The data was then edited using MS Excel with the Contingency Table and Contingency Graph tools. The analysis focusd on the perspective of geography and chronology, originator and the type of photographic material in question. Obtained data clearly shows the percentage of each pursued characteristics and allows to combine them and compare t

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35

Claviez. "Neorealism, Contingency and the Linguistic Turn." Humanities 8, no. 4 (2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8040176.

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Since the publication of Roman Jakobson’s famous 1956 essay “Two Aspects of Language and Two Types of Aphasic Disturbances”, we have tended to read the relationship between metaphor and metonymy as a dialectical one. The essay argues that this approach stands in need of revision, since metonymy, as a trope—and as a trope, moreover, of contingency—undermines the dialectical relationship between the syntagmatic and the paradigmatic axes. This has far-reaching implications, specifically for the assessment of literature and its ethics. Since metaphor functions structurally analogous to dialectics

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36

Alshammari, B. M. "Evaluation of Power System Reliability and Quality Levels for (N-2) Outage Contingency." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 1 (2020): 5307–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3659648.

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One of the main objectives of electric power utilities keeping up a continuous and adequate power supply to the customers at a sensible cost. This paper contributes to the solution of the reliability and quality assessment problems in power systems, using the (N-2) outage contingency scenario to evaluate power system’s reliability and quality levels. Therefore, the methodology presented in this paper is based on the integration of reliability measures, quality indices, and contingency analysis. While reliability formulas have traditionally been applied to small and illustrative power sys

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37

Ackah, David, and Emmanuel Ohene Arthur. "Project Risk Management Strategies and Project Performance of the Telecommunication Industry, Ghana." Dama Academic Scholarly Journal of Researchers 10, no. 4 (2025): 01–27. https://doi.org/10.4314/dasjr.v10i4.1.

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The study examines the effect of project risk management strategies on project performance in Ghana's telecommunication industry. Specifically, the study examined the effect of risk assessment on project performance among the telecommunication firms, analysed the effect of risk control on project performance among the telecommunication firms, and assessed the effect of contingency planning on project performance among the telecommunication firms. The resource-based view underpinned the study. The study was purely quantitative, and the design was explanatory. Data was collected from 113 functio

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38

INABA, Yoshiyuki, and Manabu IWASAKI. "Numerical Assessment for the Effects of Concealment in Contingency Tables." Japanese journal of applied statistics 25, no. 2 (1996): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5023/jappstat.25.61.

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39

Forster, Jonathan J., and Emily L. Webb. "Bayesian disclosure risk assessment: predicting small frequencies in contingency tables." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics) 56, no. 5 (2007): 551–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9876.2007.00591.x.

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40

Weill, Peter, and Margrethe H. Olson. "An Assessment of the Contingency Theory of Management Information Systems." Journal of Management Information Systems 6, no. 1 (1989): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1989.11517849.

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41

Heymsfield, Ernest, Edwin L. Fasanella, Robin C. Hardy, and Richard L. Boitnott. "Assessment of Soil Modeling Capability for Orion Contingency Land Landing." Journal of Aerospace Engineering 25, no. 1 (2012): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0000089.

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42

Prada, R. B., and J. O. R. dos Santos. "Fast nodal assessment of static voltage stability including contingency analysis." Electric Power Systems Research 51, no. 1 (1999): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7796(98)00158-8.

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43

Chadalavada, V., V. Vittal, G. C. Ejebe, et al. "An on-line contingency filtering scheme for dynamic security assessment." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 12, no. 1 (1997): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.574935.

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44

Kowsalya, M., K. K. Ray, Ranjeet Kumar, and Raunak Rastogi. "Fuzzy Based Multi Criteria Contingency Ranking for Voltage Stability Assessment." International Journal of Soft Computing 5, no. 4 (2010): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijscomp.2010.185.193.

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45

Amoo, A.Y., O.I. Adebisi, K.A. Amusa, and O.J. Ogunsola. "Power System Security Assessment and Enhancement using Static Var Compensator." Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences 9, no. 1 (2024): 210–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12599644.

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<em>Security of power system (SoPS) describes its compliance with the pre-defined operational limits when exposed to disturbances. This study analysed the SoPS of the Nigerian 30 bus Electricity grid and enhancement was done via static var compensator (SVC) application. The steady state response of power system was modelled with Newton-Raphson load flow equations. The system response was simulated in an electrical transient analyzer program (ETAP) environment, considering a test case of the Nigerian 30-bus power grid. The bus voltage magnitudes and line loadings were determined to examine thei

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46

Saleh, Musa Sa'ad, and Msurshima Tilley-Gyado Fidelia. "An Assessment of Three Leaders at the National, Regional and Continental Level in Relation to the Contigency Theory of Leadership." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 10 (2022): 1083–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7312266.

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Contingency Leadership Theory guides the application of Contingency (Situational) Leadership approach which emphasizes the style a leader applies in the situation in which he operates. This paper assessed the styles of Sheikh Mohammed Al-Maktoum, President Paul Kagame and President Olusegun Obasanjo as global, regional and national leaders respectively in the context of Contingency Leadership Theory. The common denominator found among the three leaders was that they were all at one time or the other military men and this to a far extent shaped their authoritarian leadership styles. On the basi

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Alshammari, B. M. "Evaluation of Power System Reliability and Quality Levels for (N-2) Outage Contingency." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 1 (2020): 5307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3330.

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One of the main objectives of electric power utilities keeping up a continuous and adequate power supply to the customers at a sensible cost. This paper contributes to the solution of the reliability and quality assessment problems in power systems, using the (N-2) outage contingency scenario to evaluate power system’s reliability and quality levels. Therefore, the methodology presented in this paper is based on the integration of reliability measures, quality indices, and contingency analysis. While reliability formulas have traditionally been applied to small and illustrative power systems,

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48

Syed, Raheema, P. Srinivasa Varma, R. B. R. Prakash, and Ch Rami Reddy. "Unit commitment based reliability analysis with contingency constraint." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, no. 1 (2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i1.pp74-81.

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<span lang="EN-IN">Unit commitment state’s the strategic choice to be prepared in order to define which of the accessible power plants should be taken into account to supply power. It permits utilities to reduce generation price of power. In this paper, the unit commitment problem is elucidated by taking N-1-1 contingency as a foremost constraint. The standard N-1-1 contingency takes the loss of sequential two components in the network having intervening interval for network modifications in the middle of two losses. The crucial objective to carry out contingency constrictions is to make

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49

Alvarez, David L., Mohamed Gaha, Jacques Prévost, Alain Côté, Georges Abdul-Nour, and Toualith Jean-Marc Meango. "N − k Static Security Assessment for Power Transmission System Planning Using Machine Learning." Energies 17, no. 2 (2024): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17020292.

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This paper presents a methodology for static security assessment of transmission network planning using machine learning (ML). The objective is to accelerate the probabilistic risk assessment of the Hydro-Quebec (HQ) TransÉnergie transmission grid. The model takes the expected power supply and the status of the elements in a N−k contingency scenario as inputs. The output is the reliability metric Expecting Load Shedding Cost (ELSC). To train and test the regression model, stochastic data are performed, resulting in a set of N−k and k=1,2,3 contingency scenarios used as inputs. Subsequently, th

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Lam, Terence Y. M., and Njavwa Siwingwa. "Risk management and contingency sum of construction projects." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 22, no. 3 (2017): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-10-2016-0047.

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Purpose Most organisations do not have established guidelines for the estimation and management of contingency funds. The purpose of this paper is to identify the risk factors at the construction phase causing project cost overruns, and a reliable method for the estimation of contingency sum is established. Design/methodology/approach Combined qualitative–quantitative exploratory methods were used. Qualitative interviews were conducted with five expert practitioners working in a Public Works Department in Zambia to determine how contingency sum is estimated and to explore what risk factors sho

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