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Journal articles on the topic 'Contingency'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

David-Ménard, Monique/Ingala Emma. "Contingence et normativité. Contingence de la pensée, méthode sceptique, travail de deuil and Entre filosofía y psicoanálisis, el arte del bricolaje. Reflexiones a propósito de "Contingencia del pensamiento, método escéptico, trabajo del duelo" de M. David-Ménard." Con-textos kantianos. International Journal of Philosophy, no. 01 (November 2, 2014): 98–108. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18441.

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En philosophie, le contingent est pratiquement toujours défini par des formules négatives, même lorsqu’on en fait l’éloge : est contingent ce qui n’est pas nécessaire ou pas déterminé. J’ai cherché à montrer qu’en psychanalyse, ils n’y a pas d’incompatibilité entre contingence et détermination puisque les éléments contingents retravaillent les matériaux du déterminé, c’est-à-dire de la répétition. Seuls des événements contingents du transfert, inconsciemment « choisis » par les rêves ou qui surviennent dans des scènes de la vie des analysants autres que le transfert, peuvent faire dévier la co

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2

Herrick, Clare. "Global Health, Geographical Contingency, and Contingent Geographies." Annals of the American Association of Geographers 106, no. 3 (2016): 672–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2016.1140017.

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3

Leuenberger, Stephan. "The Contingency of Contingency." Journal of Philosophy 112, no. 2 (2015): 84–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphil201511226.

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Hassan, Mohammed Osman, and Israa Salih Alajab. "Sudan National Grid Contingency Ranking Through Fuzzy Logic Approach." International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Nano Technology 9, no. 4 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijaent.c0468.049422.

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The effect of the line outage when rest of system is stable is called contingency study. The outage on the system may be for single line (N-1) contingency or for multiple lines (N-m) contingency where N the total number of lines and m the number of lines out the service. The study of contingency is essential process in planning, operating and control of power systems. The main thrust of contingency studies carried out in power system control centers is to determine the steady state effects of outages. Large power systems require the analysis of all the credible contingence within a very short

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Dr., Mohammed Osman Hassan, and Salih Alajab Israa. "Sudan National Grid Contingency Ranking Through Fuzzy Logic Approach." International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Nano Technology (IJAENT) 9, no. 4 (2022): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijaent.C0468.049422.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> The effect of the line outage when rest of system is stable is called contingency study. The outage on the system may be for single line (N-1) contingency or for multiple lines (N-m) contingency where N the total number of lines and m the number of lines out the service. The study of contingency is essential process in planning, operating and control of power systems. The main thrust of contingency studies carried out in power system control centers is to determine the steady state effects of outages. Large power systems require the analysis of all the credible

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Choi, Jounghwa, Yoojin Chung, Hye Eun Lee, and Michael Prieler. "Gender and Cultural Differences in the Relationships between Self-Esteem Contingency, Body Talk, and Body Esteem." Children 8, no. 11 (2021): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8111009.

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This study analyzed the positive and negative body talk of male and female adolescents cross-culturally with an emphasis on the role of appearance-contingent and others’ approval-contingent self-worth. A cross-national survey in Austria, Belgium, Spain, and South Korea among 12- to 16-year-olds (982 female and 993 male) found that (1) positive body talk was positively related and negative body talk was negatively related to body esteem; (2) appearance contingency was positively related to negative body talk; (3) appearance contingency increased positive body talk among girls (except Korean gir

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Huoranszki, Ferenc. "The Contingency of Physical Laws." Principia: an international journal of epistemology 23, no. 3 (2019): 487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2019v23n3p487.

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The purpose of this paper is to explain the sense in which laws of physics are contingent. It argues, first, that contemporary Humean accounts cannot adequately explain the contingency of physical laws; and second, that Hume’s own arguments against the metaphysical necessity of causal connections are not applicable in this context. The paper concludes by arguing that contingency is an essentially emergent, macroscopic phenomenon: we can understand the contingency of fundamental physical laws only through their relation to the distribution of macroscopic modal properties in the manifest world.

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Evers, Dirk. "Contingency." Philosophy, Theology and the Sciences 2, no. 2 (2015): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/219597715x14369486568293.

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Wilhelmus, Tom, Iain Sinclair, Stephen Dobyns, et al. "Contingency." Hudson Review 47, no. 1 (1994): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3852171.

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Seligmann-Silva, Márcio. "Contingency." Theory, Culture & Society 23, no. 2-3 (2006): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276406023002114.

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Forrin, Noah D., and Colin M. MacLeod. "Contingency proportion systematically influences contingency learning." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 80, no. 1 (2017): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-017-1424-4.

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12

Alloa, Emmanuel. "Coronavirus: A Contingency that Eliminates Contingency." Critical Inquiry 47, S2 (2021): S73—S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/711440.

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13

Westergaard, J. M. "Contingency Planning: Preparation of Contingency Plans." Zoonoses and Public Health 55, no. 1 (2008): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1863-2378.2007.01088.x.

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Kennedy, Kevin. "System and/as Contingency: Quentin Meillassoux and the Ethics of Chance." Irish Journal of French Studies 17, no. 1 (2017): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7173/164913317822236174.

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In recent years, the relation between contingency and systematic claims to the absolute has again come to play an important role in Continental philosophy. This essay takes a closer look at how this relation is developed in the works of French philosopher Quentin Meillassoux. It argues that a specific demand for systematic knowledge underlies not only Meillassoux's ontology, but also his ethics, which come into conflict with his own systematic aspirations in certain key areas, most notably in his attempt to derive an ethico-political model of subjectivity from his theory of contingency. The es

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Parra Leal, Víctor Emilio. "Separación entre forma y función biológica." Epistemología e Historia de la Ciencia 5, no. 2 (2021): 82–104. https://doi.org/10.61377/ehc.32434.

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The radical contingency thesis (RCT) claims that evolved biological traits are contingent in the sense that are unpredictable, because their evolution depends on the happenings of previous evolutive states, which, despite ending in some specific biological forms, could have derived in very different ones. This paper offers a new version about evolutive contingency, understood as the sharp distinction between function and biological form. There are enough elements for supporting the idea that, given the way natural selection works, in which the environment plays a key role, there is a clear dis

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Sundar, S. Shyam, Saraswathi Bellur, Jeeyun Oh, Haiyan Jia, and Hyang-Sook Kim. "Theoretical Importance of Contingency in Human-Computer Interaction." Communication Research 43, no. 5 (2014): 595–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650214534962.

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A critical determinant of message interactivity is the presence of contingency, that is, the messages we receive are contingent upon the messages we send, leading to a threaded loop of interdependent messages. While this “conversational ideal” is easily achieved in face-to-face and computer-mediated communications (CMC), imbuing contingency in human-computer interaction (HCI) is a challenge. We propose two interface features—interaction history and synchronous chat—for increasing perceptions of contingency, and therefore user engagement. We test it with a five-condition, between-participants e

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Sato, Maki. "Between the Authentic and Artificial: From the Perspective of Contingency." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1292, no. 1 (2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1292/1/012023.

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Abstract How to deal with a contingency? A contingent situation plays a vital role in challenges with uncertainty and unpredictability. This is because contingency requires the subject to be adaptive and flexible in the given condition. Regarding the development of robotics, soft robotics is highly anticipated to be more adaptable and flexible to contingency with its bodily inputs. In contrast, material-wise, conventional hard robotics may fit more for fixed, stable, static, or predictable situations. The latest development in new materials has opened a window for more usable and useful artifi

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18

Soler, César Reigosa. "Ockham on the Puzzle of Prophecy and Future Contingency." Journal of the History of Philosophy 62, no. 4 (2024): 567–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hph.2024.a938332.

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abstract: Are these claims compatible: the future is contingent, and yet prophecies reveal the future? William of Ockham argues that they are in Tractatus de praedestinatione (q.1, d.8) and in the Fourth Quodlibet (q.4). But his two solutions to the puzzle of how prophecy and future contingency can be reconciled face significant objections that seem to undermine Ockham’s theory of future contingents. In this paper, I argue that the relevant objections lose their force once Ockham’s views on prophecy are properly understood. In the first part of the paper, I closely examine the puzzle as well a

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Weeseman, Yvonne, Michael Scherer-Rath, Nirav Christophe, et al. "Co-creative art processes with patients: A theoretical framework and qualitative study among artists." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (2022): e0266401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266401.

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A cancer diagnosis may be experienced as a contingent life event. Co-creation—in which artists together with patients create a work of art reflecting on aspects of the patients’ life story—may be used to support patients to integrate such a contingent life event into their life story. We conducted a qualitative study in which we interviewed 10 professional artists to explore if co-creative art processes could facilitate integration of experiences of contingency in patients. Template analyses were performed in AtlasTi. We identified co-creation as a specific form of support to the process of in

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20

BLAKEMORE, S. J., Y. SARFATI, N. BAZIN, and J. DECETY. "The detection of intentional contingencies in simple animations in patients with delusions of persecution." Psychological Medicine 33, no. 8 (2003): 1433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703008341.

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Background. It has been proposed that delusions of persecution are caused by the tendency to over-attribute malevolent intentions to other people's actions. One aspect of intention attribution is detecting contingencies between an agent's actions and intentions. Here, we used simplified stimuli to test the hypothesis that patients with persecutory delusions over-attribute contingency to agents' movements.Method. Short animations were presented to three groups of subjects: (1) schizophrenic patients; (2) patients with affective disorders; and (3) normal control subjects. Patients were divided o

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Standley, Jayne M. "A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Music as Reinforcement for Education/Therapy Objectives." Journal of Research in Music Education 44, no. 2 (1996): 105–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345665.

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This meta-analysis evaluated 208 variables derived from 98 studies incorporating I music as a contingency for education and therapeutic objectives. Variables were converted to effect sizes (ES) via statistical formulae and compared for determination of characteristics affecting reinforcement value of music. The overall benefits attributable to contingent music were almost three standard deviations greater than control/baseline conditions (ES= 2.90). Results demonstrate that contingent music was more effective than contingent nonmusic stimuli used in these studies and more effective than contin

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22

Engberg-Pedersen, Anders. "Wallenstein's Contingency Media." Romanticism 24, no. 3 (2018): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/rom.2018.0383.

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In the history of warfare various media and technologies have been devised both to enable contingent events in the form of scenarios and simulations and to reign them in and bring the proliferation of possible futures under control. War games, horoscopes, astrolabes, celestial and topographical maps have in different ways served as ‘contingency media’, i.e. tools that enable strategic thought and action under conditions of uncertainty. Through the prism of Schiller's Wallenstein from 1799, this essay examines the development of military contingency media from the 17th to the early 19th century

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23

Bellemare, Marc, Joel Veness, and Michael Bowling. "Investigating Contingency Awareness Using Atari 2600 Games." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 26, no. 1 (2021): 864–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v26i1.8321.

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Contingency awareness is the recognition that some aspects of a future observation are under an agent's control while others are solely determined by the environment. This paper explores the idea of contingency awareness in reinforcement learning using the platform of Atari 2600 games. We introduce a technique for accurately identifying contingent regions and describe how to exploit this knowledge to generate improved features for value function approximation. We evaluate the performance of our techniques empirically, using 46 unseen, diverse, and challenging games for the Atari 2600 console.

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ALIU, Mohammed Bashar. "Contingency Theory in Accounting Research: Its Application and Relevance." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science IX, no. XIV (2025): 833–43. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.914mg0066.

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Purpose: This paper aims to explore the application and relevance of contingency theory in accounting research, highlighting its significance in understanding how various internal and external factors influence management practices and organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analysing 20 high-ranking journal articles that integrate contingency theory within the field of accounting. The review categorized the articles into conceptual, empirical, and literature review types, focusing on their methodologies and findings. Findings:

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Lai, Chun, Fei Fei, and Robin Roots. "Contingency of Recasts and Noticing." CALICO Journal 26, no. 1 (2013): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cj.v26i1.70-90.

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Recasts are an important type of implicit negative feedback that has attracted much attention in both L1 research and SLA research. The utility of recasts in face-to-face interaction has been empirically established, and the contingency of recasts is argued to be the key. However, the efficacy of recasts in computer-mediated communication (CMC), text-based online chatting in particular, remains questionable due to the possible violation of this contingency factor in the "split negotiation routines" commonly observed in CMC discourse. This study used a repeated-measure design to examine the pot

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Langner-Pitschmann, Annette. "Zwischen Kontingenzeinsicht und Geltungsbegehren." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 72, no. 5 (2024): 683–97. https://doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2024-0050.

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Abstract Globalisation makes the contingency of every interpretation of reality increasingly evident. This creates a tension between the subjective persuasiveness of an attitude and the awareness of its contingency. The article argues that this tension is a central theme of a future philosophy of religion. Proceeding from Armin Nassehi, Paul Ricoeur and Hans Joas, the first part analyses central implications of a growing contingency sensitivity. It shows that in this process cognitive and affective aspects are closely interwoven. The second part examines the question how the reflexive knowledg

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Chiek, Yual. "Leibniz on the Contingency of the Laws of Motion." Leibniz Review 33 (2023): 7–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/leibniz2023333.

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In a few key texts Leibniz points to his dynamics project as the origin of contingency in his system. He did not, however, leave us with an explicit account of how the distinction between necessary and contingent truths either arises from, or is explained by his dynamics. This has left an explanatory gap in our understanding of the connection between Leibniz’s physics and his modal metaphysics that scholars have sought to close by arguing that the laws of nature obtain their contingent status by virtue of being derived from the principle of the equality of cause and effect (‘Equality Principle

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Twyman, Janet S., Happy Johnson, Jennifer D. Buie, and C. Michael Nelson. "The Use of a Warning Procedure to Signal a More Intrusive Timeout Contingency." Behavioral Disorders 19, no. 4 (1994): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019874299401900407.

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The effects of a warning procedure signaling exclusionary timeout as a consequence for inappropriate behavior during contingent observation timeout was evaluated for nine elementary students with emotional and behavioral disabilities. During baseline conditions, students exhibiting inappropriate contingent observation timeout behavior received three warnings before exclusionary timeout was implemented. During intervention conditions, exclusionary timeout was contingent upon the first occurrence of inappropriate contingent observation behavior (with no warnings given). Data were collected on th

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Schmidt, James R., Carina G. Giesen, and Klaus Rothermund. "Contingency learning as binding? Testing an exemplar view of the colour-word contingency learning effect." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 5 (2020): 739–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021820906397.

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The learning of contingent regularities between events is fundamental for interacting with our world. We are also heavily influenced by recent experiences, as frequently studied in the stimulus-response binding literature. According to one view (“unitary view”), the learning of regularities across many events and the influence of recent events on current performance can coherently be explained with one high-learning rate memory mechanism. That is, contingency learning effects and binding effects are essentially the same thing, only studied at different timescales. On the other hand, there may

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García Ramírez, Eduardo. "Rigidity and Contingency." Análisis. Revista de investigación filosófica 6, no. 1 (2019): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_arif/a.rif.201913187.

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At least since Kripke (1980) it has been generally accepted that true identity statements involving proper names are necessarily true. This view is allegedly supported by our most ordinary, pretheoretic intuitions according to which ordinary proper names are rigid designators. This paper challenges the established status of this view. Section 1 develops the context of the debate by presenting the intuitions of rigidity and of contingency of identity found among competent speakers. Section 2 shows how the latter constitute a serious problem for the received view, one that cannot be easily ignor

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Binini, Irene. "Abelard’s Treatment of Logical Determinism in Its Twelfth-Century Context." Vivarium 58, no. 1-2 (2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685349-12341377.

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AbstractThis article investigates Abelard’s defence of the compatibility between universal bivalence and the existence of future contingent events. It first considers the standard strategy put forward by twelfth-century commentators to solve Aristotle’s dilemma in De Interpretatione 9, which fundamentally relies on Boethius’ distinction between definite and indefinite truth values. Abelard’s own position on the dilemma is then introduced, focusing on a specific deterministic argument considered in his logical works that aims to demonstrate that, given the determinacy of present-tense propositi

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Sullivan, Margaret Wolan, and Michael Lewis. "Emotion and Cognition in Infancy: Facial Expressions during Contingency Learning." International Journal of Behavioral Development 12, no. 2 (1989): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502548901200206.

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Facial expressions of 4and 6-month-old infants were coded at several points during contingency learning and contrasted with those of control subjects. Many different emotional expressions were observed and distinctive patterns of expression characterised contingent but not control subjects. Results indicated that emotion and contingency learning are closely linked in young infants and support a model of emotion and cognition as interdependent processes. Facial behaviours during learning may be valuable in conceptualising the relationship between emotional and cognitive processes in infancy.

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Bohn, Einar Duenger. "Divine Contingency." European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 6, no. 3 (2014): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v6i3.160.

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Pilbeam, David, and Bernard Wood. "Contingency rules." Journal of Human Evolution 166 (May 2022): 103167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103167.

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Massie, Pascal. "Saving Contingency." Epoché 8, no. 2 (2004): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/epoche20048210.

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Turner, Wayne. "Contingency Planning." Energy Engineering 107, no. 6 (2010): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01998595.2010.10132366.

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Marks, S. "False Contingency." Current Legal Problems 62, no. 1 (2009): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clp/62.1.1.

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Brown, Kenneth E., and Pat Mirenda. "Contingency Mapping." Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions 8, no. 3 (2006): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10983007060080030401.

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Eisner, Joseph. "Contingency Budgeting." Bottom Line 4, no. 3 (1991): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb025297.

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Kim, Sungmoon. "Abating contingency." Philosophy & Social Criticism 42, no. 3 (2015): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453715601465.

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Myers, Ched. "Prophetic Contingency." Tikkun 25, no. 6 (2010): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08879982-2010-6008.

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Hoch, Theodore A., Roberta L. Babbitt, David A. Ccoe, Daniel M. Krell, and Lucianne Hackbert. "Contingency Contacting." Behavior Modification 18, no. 1 (1994): 106–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455940181007.

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CURTIN, LEAH L. "Contingency Plans." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 26, no. 12 (1995): 51???53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-199512000-00019.

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Loveridge, Catherine E. "Contingency Theory." JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration 18, no. 6 (1988): 22???25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005110-198806010-00007.

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Karim, Farhan. "Confining Contingency." International Journal of Islamic Architecture 8, no. 2 (2019): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia.8.2.263_2.

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Bourne, Debra. "Contingency planning." Companion Animal 25, no. 2 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2020.0020.

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Downing, Joyce Anderson. "Contingency Contracts." Intervention in School and Clinic 26, no. 2 (1990): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105345129002600208.

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Reeves, Daniel. "Contingency exigency." ACM SIGecom Exchanges 10, no. 3 (2011): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2325702.2325711.

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Stanger, Catherine, and Alan J. Budney. "Contingency Management." Pediatric Clinics of North America 66, no. 6 (2019): 1183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2019.08.007.

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Erwin, Douglas H. "Evolutionary contingency." Current Biology 16, no. 19 (2006): R825—R826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.076.

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