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1
Charpentier, Marc-Antoine. Magnificat H 80, soli SATB, coro SATB e basso continuo. Stuttgart: Carus-Verlag, 1994.
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2
Shmanske, S. Mixed Good Continua and Public Policy (Discussion Paper Series). Earlybrave Publications Ltd, 1999.
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3
Crawford, Margo Natalie. The Counter-Literacy of Black Mixed Media. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041006.003.0004.
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The third chapter brings the mixed media of the BAM and the 21st century together as Crawford shows that black art, after the Black Arts Movement, continues to create an alternative way of approaching art as process, not as object. The first part of this chapter shapes this process-oriented counter-literacy around the Black Arts Movement textual productions of the black book as the open book. She explores the openness of word and image texts and argues that they produce the lack of closure of black post-blackness. Through the text paintings of Glenn Ligon and the word and image books of Amiri Baraka, June Jordan, John Keene, Christopher Stackhouse, and others, this chapter unveils the unbound nature of mixed media as one of the most innovative legacies of the Black Arts Movement.
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Andrews, Dorinda J. Carter, Dorinda J. Carter Andrews, and Franklin Tuitt. Contesting the Myth of a 'Post Racial' Era: The Continued Significance of Race in U. S. Education. Lang AG International Academic Publishers, Peter, 2013.
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Andrews, Dorinda J. Carter, and Franklin Tuitt. Contesting the Myth of a 'Post Racial' Era: The Continued Significance of Race in U. S. Education. Lang AG International Academic Publishers, Peter, 2013.
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6
Bach, Johann Sebastian. Magnificat in D and the Six Motets in Full Score : From the Bach-Gesellschaft Edition. Dover Publications, 1995.
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7
Gollance, Sonia. It Could Lead to Dancing. Stanford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503613492.001.0001.
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Dances and balls appear throughout literature as a place for young people to meet, flirt, and form relationships: as any reader of Pride and Prejudice, War and Peace, or Romeo and Juliet can attest, dance scenes provide an opportunity for writers to criticize societal expectations about courtship and partner choice, while simultaneously entertaining their readers. In this book, Sonia Gollance examines Jewish mixed-gender dancing in German and Yiddish literature, arguing that dance provides a powerful lens for understanding Jewish acculturation, secularization, and modernization. Gollance examines the specific literary qualities of dance scenes, such as the parallels between dance figures and plot structures, while also paying close attention to the broader social implications of Jewish engagement with dance during in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. While traditional Jewish dance was among men only (or women only), mixed-sex dancing was the very sign of modernity, and thus a charged and complex arena for understanding the limits of acculturation, the dangers of class mixing, and the role of erotic engagement in modernization. Gollance’s book is organized around the spaces in which mixed dancing would take place: the tavern, the ballroom, the wedding, and the dance hall. Gollance also draws connections between the cultural history of social dance and contemporary popular culture, illustrating how mixed-sex dancing continues to function as a flexible metaphor for the concerns of Jewish communities in the face of cultural transitions.
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Ocampo, José Antonio. The Provision of Global Liquidity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718116.003.0002.
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This chapter starts by analysing three major problems of the current international monetary system: the asymmetric-adjustment problem, dependence on the monetary policy of the main reserve-issuing country, and the large demand for self-insurance by developing countries. It then explores two basic alternatives to reform the system: one route would involve a fully-fledged multi-currency reserve system; the alternative route would be to design an architecture based on the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), the world’s only truly global reserve asset. These two alternative routes could be mixed in a number of ways, and in fact their complementary use may be the only possible way forward. Under such a mixed system, SDRs would become a major global reserve asset and the source of financing for IMF lending, but national/regional currencies would continue to be used as international means of payment and stores of value.
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Rowell, Geoffrey. Anglican Theological Receptions. Edited by Frederick D. Aquino and Benjamin J. King. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718284.013.26.
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The Anglican reception of Newman was coloured for at least the fifty years following his death by the sense of loss, even betrayal, consequent upon his move to the Roman Catholic Church and his disillusionment with the Via Media ecclesiology of a ‘reformed Catholicism’ that he had advocated as an Anglican. Nevertheless there were those, such as the Anglo-Catholic Lord Halifax, who continued to find inspiration in Newman. Michael Ramsey and Pope Paul VI both responded positively to his writings, and the shift in ecumenical attitudes in Vatican II brought a renewed Anglican appreciation of him, particularly in the acceptance of the development of doctrine. Appreciation was especially shown in Anglican evaluations on the centenary of Newman’s death, though sometimes mixed with criticism.
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Wacks, Raymond. 5. Data protection. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198725947.003.0005.
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The routine functions of government and private institutions require a continual supply of data about us in order to administer effectively the many services that are an integral part of modern life. The provision of health services, social security, credit, insurance, and the prevention and detection of crime assume the availability of a considerable quantity of personal data and, hence, a willingness by individuals to supply it. The ubiquity of computers and computer networks facilitates almost instant storage, retrieval, and transfer of data, a far cry from the world of manual filing systems. At the core of all data protection legislation is the proposition that data relating to an identifiable individual should not be collected in the absence of a genuine purpose or the consent of the individual concerned. Adherence to, and enforcement of, this idea (and the associated rights of access and correction) has been mixed in the nearly 100 jurisdictions that have enacted data protection legislation. This chapter assesses the extent to which these statutes have succeeded in protecting personal data.
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Lichtman, Robert M. Beilan, Lerner, and the Court’s Shift, Passport Cases, and Congress’s Court-Curbing Climax. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037009.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses the U.S. Supreme Court’s decisions during its October 1957 term. The continued heavy flow of “Communist” cases produced fourteen signed decisions and two via per curiam opinions. The outcomes were mixed, but they revealed a shift in the Court’s direction. The government prevailed in two state public-employee loyalty cases and three criminal contempt cases. However, it lost five deportation decisions, two decisions testing the State Department’s authority to deny passports on political grounds, and two narrow rulings invalidating state laws that conditioned the receipt of government benefits on signing a non-Communist oath. It also lost the two per curiam decisions—one reviewing the issuance of less-than-honorable Army discharges to “subversive” draftees and the other a contempt-of-Congress case against Dennis lawyer Harry Sacher.
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Raimondi, Fabio. Constituting Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815457.003.0005.
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This chapter explores briefly the presence of the theme of the constitution in Machievelli’s early political works (ante res perditas), in his correspondence, and in the Art of War (post res perditas), then goes on to examine in detail the proposals for a constitution presented in the Discursus and the Minuta. The salient aspects that emerge are the strictly republican nature of Machiavelli’s political proposal and the idea of a constitution based on a new way of conceiving the mixture. Against every principality‐oligarchy hypothesis (such as the Medicean one) and against the (particularly Venetian) model of mixed government, Machiavelli proposed a constitution capable of generating equality out of existing inequalities, because only through equality is it possible to establish a free and civil way of life that is then capable of regenerating itself continually through the encounter-clash of the humours.
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Archer, Richard. Repealing the Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676643.003.0009.
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The successful attempt to remove the prohibition against mixed marriages in Massachusetts (such a law continued to exist in Maine where it wasn't enforced and in Rhode Island until the 1880s) did not occur in isolation from the larger movement for equal rights. Advocating the end of the ban, however, was tricky for politicians and reformers in general (particularly women), because they would be charged with promoting “amalgamation,” but nonetheless year after year the demand to change the law grew. Petitions kept the issue alive in the legislature, The Liberator had called for repeal since its second issue, and eventually good sense prevailed in part because the cause was just but also because so many politicians believed it to be only a symbolic issue. In 1843 the Massachusetts legislature voted for repeal of the marriage restriction and against the desegregation of the railroads-an issue with immediate impact.
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Langston, Joy K. The Challenges of (Authoritarian) Party Survival after Democratization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190628512.003.0005.
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After the defeat of the PRI’s presidential candidate in 2000, the party experienced several dangerous trends: politicians began to leave the party in greater numbers and the party continued to lose gubernatorial and mayoral elections where it had never been defeated. The two strongest political factions battled over the future of the party and the takeover of the national party office. Yet, the PRI did not suffer terrible fractures and voters did not desert the label. Political institutions play a critical role in explaining why the PRI survived the difficult transition to democracy. Federalism promotes strong state political arenas; thus, the party’s governors became one of the important bases of party survival. The nation’s unique set of electoral rules—the mixed electoral system, generous public funding for parties, and single-term limits—allowed the national party to remain strong, while the governors minded the municipal and state political arenas.
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Langston, Joy K. Comparing the PRI Experience to Kenya and Taiwan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190628512.003.0010.
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The final chapter applies the argument based on the Mexican experience to other authoritarian regimes with strong parties that transitioned to democracy: Kenya and Taiwan. Kenya African National Union (KANU) practically disappeared because electoral rules allowed politicians to win elections without strong labels. In Taiwan, the Kuomintang survived and returned to power after two terms out of executive power, in large part because its divisions did not lead to fragmentation and because voters continued to support the label. Thus, the work’s argument: that party leaders must learn to garner electoral victories under democratic circumstances while avoiding the pressures to fragment, holds. Federalism, the mixed-member electoral system, and generous party financing all play a role in determining how electoral competition creates winners and losers within the party organization. These institutions also reduce the impact of the electoral opening on the party’s tendency to fragment.
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Freilich, Charles D. Nonmilitary Threats. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190602932.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 argues that diplomatic and demographic challenges are almost as dangerous to Israel’s future as military threats. Efforts to isolate and delegitimize Israel and constrain its freedom of military action have had mixed success. Israel has broader ties than ever, sanctions and boycotts have achieved little, and it continues to act militarily. Nevertheless, Israel’s international standing has deteriorated severely, and the nature and outcome of military operations have been affected. No issue has undermined Israel’s standing more than the settlement policy. Inexorable demographic trends, stemming from the control of the West Bank, threaten Israel’s Jewish and democratic character. Already today only a small majority of Israel and the West Bank are Jewish. Ongoing settlement undermines the viability of the “two-state solution” and the point of no return may be nearing. Demography also explains Israel’s reluctance to conduct ground maneuver, undermining its ability to achieve military decision.
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Sklar, Marisa, Joanna C. Moullin, and Gregory A. Aarons. Study Design, Data Collection, and Analysis in Implementation Science. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0006.
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This chapter provides an introduction to study design, data collection, and analysis in implementation science. Although the randomized controlled trial is frequently employed in implementation science, a number of alternatives are relied on for addressing the unique challenges present. Alternatives include the cluster randomized control trial, roll-out designs such as the stepped wedge, cumulative trial, and effectiveness–implementation hybrid designs. Data collection and data analytic techniques must also address the unique challenges present in implementation science. Often, implementation occurs over time, often, across complex, multilevel contexts. Implementation scientists frequently utilize mixed, qualitative, and quantitative methodologies for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. Data represent the outer context of service systems and the inner context of organizations such that the data are often nested and hierarchical in nature. This chapter highlights the previously mentioned topics, particularly as they relate to currently funded implementation studies focused on the cancer control continuum.
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Lee, Francis L. F., and Joseph M. Chan. Media, Participation, and Public Opinion toward the Movement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190856779.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses the role of the media in the formation and mobilization of the protest campaign under the concept of the partially censored public monitor. Embedded in the dominant political economic structure, the mainstream media were on the whole negative toward the Umbrella Movement. However, (self)-censorship was only partial, and the media system continued to play the role of the public monitor. The media played an important role in generating mediated instant grievances among the public when the police fired tear gas into the protesting crowd at the beginning of the occupation. They also helped monitor police violence throughout the protest campaign. Digital media strengthened the public monitor function of the media system as a whole by facilitating wider flows of media materials. As a result, the impact of the media on public opinion toward the Umbrella Movement was mixed and contradictory.
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Pilný, Ondřej. Irish Theatre in Europe. Edited by Nicholas Grene and Chris Morash. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198706137.013.40.
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While Irish drama has achieved a distinctive reputation within the Anglophone world, the situation in continental Europe has been much more complex. Wilde and Shaw continue to be widely revived but are rarely identified as Irish. Even more strikingly, contemporary Irish playwrights such as Martin McDonagh and Enda Walsh, both extremely popular in Europe, are assimilated within a general category of British theatre, while Brian Friel’s work is much less well known. There have been established theatrical traditions of playing some Irish dramatists in individual countries, as in the case of Synge in the Czech lands, or the later plays of O’Casey in postwar Germany and in Eastern Europe. Specific productions such as the German and Czech stagings of Behan’sThe Hostageillustrate well the local political and theatrical contexts which made for their success. By contrast, Irish theatre companies travelling to Europe have had a quite mixed reception.
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Coolen, A. C. C., A. Annibale, and E. S. Roberts. Ensembles with hard constraints. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198709893.003.0005.
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This chapter introduces random graph ensembles involving hard constraints such as setting a fixed total number of links or fixed degree sequence, including properties of the partition function. It continues on from the previous chapter’s investigation of ensembles with soft-constrained numbers of two-stars (two-step paths) and soft-constrained total number of triangles, but now combined with a hard constraint on the total number of links. This illustrates phase transitions in a mixed-constrained ensemble – which in this case is shown to be a condensation transition, where the network becomes clumped. This is investigated in detail using techniques from statistical mechanics and also looking at the averaged eigenvalue spectrum of the ensemble. These phase transition phenomena have important implications for the design of graph generation algorithms. Although hard constraints can (by force) impose required values of observables, difficult-to-reconcile constraints can lead to graphs being generated with unexpected and unphysical overall topologies.
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Trencsényi, Balázs, Michal Kopeček, Luka Lisjak Gabrijelčič, Maria Falina, Mónika Baár, and Maciej Janowski. Nation-State Building and its Alternatives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737155.003.0001.
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The end of the First World War saw a shift in the political expectations of the national elites in East Central Europe from autonomy to national sovereignty. The acceptance of democratic values and promise of social improvement informed the debate over the meaning of national self-determination and forms of its implementation. In this context, the reality of an ethnically mixed population presented a challenge. While cultural autonomy continued to occupy an important place in the political thought of especially Jewish and German communities, generally the vision of a unitary nation became dominant, with minorities’ territorial demands perceived as a threat. Discourses of regionalism, democratic decentralization, and intrastate federalism kept challenging this model. Federalist projects and visions of regional cooperation addressed the issue of the sustainability of order based on small nation-states. It was in this context Nationalism Studies emerged as an academic subdiscipline, studying nationalism from legal, sociological, and political perspectives.
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Franceschet, Susan. Informal Institutions and Women’s Political Representation in Chile (1990–2015). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851224.003.0008.
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Despite electing a female president, Michelle Bachelet, and at one point achieving gender parity in cabinet appointments, women’s presence in Chile’s national congress remains small, is only slightly higher at local levels, and is extremely limited among party and coalition leaders. In her gendered analysis of representation, Susan Franceschet argues this is because of the strong formal and informal institutions that limit the size of electoral districts, require large thresholds to win seats, and require coalition negotiation over candidates for elected office. Even though women have a mixed record of representation, their presence has had important policy consequences. A gender-focused presidency has been critical for passage of gender-attentive policies. Women in Chile’s legislative arenas have been more likely to bring gender issues to the agenda. Franceschet points out that Sernam, the women’s ministry, has played a critically important role in this. The electoral reforms approved by congress in 2015 include a gender quota, creating expectations that improvements will continue.
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Diouf, Sylviane A. The First Stirrings of Islam in America. Edited by Jane I. Smith and Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199862634.013.009.
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This chapter discusses the first manifestations of Islam in America from the eighteenth century to 1975. The first US Muslims were West African Sunnis who had been deported through the transatlantic slave trade. Most came from Senegal, Gambia, and Guinea. Despite being enslaved in a Christian land, they maintained their faith, and evidence shows that some continued to pray, fast, give charity, and follow a particular diet and dress code. Their literacy was well known and manuscripts they wrote in Arabic have been preserved. Part of their legacy can still be heard in American music. After their disappearance and without any evidence of continuity, indigenous movements, such as the Moorish Science Temple of Islam and the Nation of Islam, emerged in the early 1900s. Within their communities, created by and built around charismatic men, they mixed black nationalism, new definitions of identity, and pseudo-Islamic tenets, often in contradiction to the most basic principles of Islam. All these were used to bolster mental emancipation, self-determination, economic improvement, and social justice.
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Marovich, Robert M. Sacred Music in Transition. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039102.003.0003.
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This chapter examines Chicago sacred music in a period of transition, focusing on the roles played by Charles Henry Pace and the Pace Jubilee Singers. The Pace Jubilee Singers are a fascinating example of African American sacred music in transition. They were among Chicago's first black religious artists to perform on radio, broadcasting during the 1920s and early 1930s over radio station WCBN and megawatt stations WLS and WGN. The group was also among the first mixed jubilee ensembles to feature a female soloist prominently in the person of Hattie Parker. This chapter first provides a historical background on Pace and his formation of the Pace Jubilee Singers before discussing the group's recordings, including sessions with Victor Records, and Parker's contribution to the group. It also considers the Pace Jubilee Singers' radio appearances following the end of their recording career, as well as the careers of Parker and Pace after the group's disbandment. Pace continued writing and publishing sacred music, including gospel songs, in Pittsburgh. He died on December 16, 1963.
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Lemmon, Alfred. LA Musica De Guatemala En El Siglo XVIII. Plumsock Mesoamerican Studies, 1986.
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Hernández, Tanya Katerí. Multiracials and Civil Rights. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479830329.001.0001.
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Commanding greater public attention is the idea that discrimination against multiracial (racially-mixed) people is a distinctive challenge to the enforcement of civil rights law. This perspective is based upon the belief that multiracials experience racial discrimination in a unique manner that makes it necessary to reformulate traditional civil rights law. Multiracials and Civil Rights, based upon a close examination of many multiracial discrimination legal cases in a variety of equality law contexts, demonstrates the fallacy and danger of that conjecture. The book elucidates the distinction between the presumed exceptional space that multiracial persons are rhetorically imagined to occupy in the public discourse, and the binary non-white versus white realities they actually experience when targeted for discrimination. Rather than point to a need for a shift away from the existing civil rights laws, the cases instead indicate the need for further support of the current structures. The book concludes that multiracial discrimination cases are helpful in highlighting the continued need for attention to white supremacy and for fortifying the focus of civil rights law on racial privilege and the lingering legacy of bias against non-whites.
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Bobić, Marinko. Why Minor Powers Risk Wars with Major Powers. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529205206.001.0001.
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Major powers have immense resources at their disposal, while minor powers are assumed to avoid wars and power politics due to structural and material constraints. This provokes the question why do some minor powers nonetheless decide to militarily engage their vastly stronger opponents, particularly major powers? Inspired by several theoretical insights, this book proposes a more complex framework of minor powers in interstate asymmetric conflict. It analyses five conditions highlighted by previous studies: domestic crisis, foreign support, window of opportunity, anomalous beliefs, and regime stability. The theoretical framework works well with a mixed-methods approach, a medium-N research design (Qualitative Comparative Analysis), and three case studies: Iraq (1990), Moldova (1992), and Serbia (1999). The book finds that by looking through the lenses of multiple theories, one can observe a more nuanced relationship how different conditions interact in impacting minor powers’ decisions. Ultimately, minor powers militarily engage major powers when facing a more important domestic crisis and when they also believe that they have a window of opportunity or support from another major power in order to constrain major powers’ capability and resolve. Looking at the current conflict in Syria, there are important policy implications given the observation that minor powers do and will continue to challenge major powers in the future.
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Chudacoff, Howard P. Scandal, Reorganization, and the Devolution of the Student Athlete. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039782.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses the NCAA's efforts to restore academic respectability to college sports. For decades, the college sports establishment promoted rules of fair play and a level playing field in public, while coaches and boosters surreptitiously sought ways to evade those rules. However, the alarming spate of cheating and fraud in the 1970s and 1980s stirred up efforts at reform. Those efforts, however, did not lead in the direction that might have been anticipated from the overt events. Though related to the scandals, the major turning points of the era had mixed consequences. Changes in the playbook of college sports between 1973 and 1991 were bounded by two major landmarks. The first, the 1973 NCAA legislation putting Division I athletic grants-in-aid (scholarships) on a one-year renewable basis, highlighted the transformation of the student-athletes into athlete-students, whose commercial value could sometimes prompt others to cheat in order to attract and retain them. The second, the 1991 Knight Foundation report, “Keeping Faith with the Student Athlete,” revealed how pervasive the need for ethics reform had become and, in its weak aftereffects, the power the athletic establishment could exert to contain reform and continue the quest for revenue in what had become a high-stakes business.
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Hart-Brinson, Peter. The Gay Marriage Generation. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479800513.001.0001.
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The rapid increase in public support for gay marriage in the United States between 1988 and 2015 is unprecedented in modern polling. How and why did an idea that was once nonsense become a political reality supported by a majority of the population in such a short period of time? This book analyzes historical data, public opinion data, and qualitative interview data to explain the role of generational change in causing the legalization of gay marriage. Despite the evidence of generational change we see all around us, social scientists have struggled to document and explain generational change thoroughly; this has allowed myths and stereotypes about generations to run amok in popular culture. This book corrects this shortcoming and explains America’s cultural revolution in attitudes about gay marriage. It argues that the rapid shift in public support for gay marriage was caused by a change in the social imagination of homosexuality. Americans coming of age during different historical periods developed understandings of homosexuality that were consistent with the cultural common sense of the era, thus making them more or less likely to support gay marriage. The story of gay marriage’s rapid ascent offers profound insights about how the continuous remaking of the population through birth and death, mixed with our shared history and culture and our individual life experiences, produces a society that is continually in flux and constantly reinventing itself anew.
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Jillions, John A. Divine Guidance. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190055738.001.0001.
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How are claims to God’s guidance to be understood against the background of fears, fundamentalism, and violence inspired by religious belief? But equally, how are acts of humanity, love, and sacrificial service to be understood, when they also claim to be inspired by God? How is healthy religion to be distinguished from unhealthy religion? Questions like these were the subject of lively debate in the first-century world of Corinth, where the views of Greek, Roman, Jewish, and early Christian residents mixed continually, and where Paul established one of the first Christian communities. While their differences were real, there was also common ground and a shared critique of destructive religion. This study looks at how believers and unbelievers confront questions about divine guidance, discernment, delusion, and rational thought. Part I looks at Greco-Roman views, focusing on the archeology of ancient Corinth and the writings of Homer, Virgil, Lucretius, Posidonius, Cicero, Seneca, Plutarch, and others. Part II surveys Jewish attitudes by looking at Philo and Josephus, Qumran, early rabbinic writers, and other intertestamental literature. Part III unpacks Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians to show that issues of divine guidance and discernment are woven throughout as Paul shapes a distinctly Christian approach. Part IV brings the historical strands together and considers religious experience research to draw some conclusions about discernment and delusion today in the hope that rational and mystical need not be mutually exclusive.
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Erickson, Karen, and Elisabeth Prügl. Women and Academic Organizations in International Studies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.428.
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Academic organizations introduce gender, race, nationality, and other signifiers of power into the field of international studies. Research on the status of women in the international studies profession has typically focused on the distributions of women and men according to academic rank, salaries, and employment. A number of detailed case studies have explored practices in particular academic departments and universities in order to elucidate the mechanisms in place that help to reproduce gender inequality. We can gauge the progress that women have made with regard to their status and role in academic organizations over the years by looking at the International Studies Association (ISA). The ISA presents a mixed picture of international studies as a field of gendered power. While women have entered leadership positions in the association, they have done so mostly at lower levels, while men continue to dominate the positions at the top, the ISA president and executive director. Women have made some advances into editorial positions, but gatekeeping in the scholarly journals published under the auspices of the ISA remains largely a male preserve. Furthermore, women and men in the ISA reproduce gender difference and inequality by re-enacting gender divisions of labor while participating in an economy that circulates symbolic capital. An important consideration for future research is the assumption that international studies is a field of complex gendered power that cannot be easily explained by purely singular tools of analysis.
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Shambaugh, David, ed. China and the World. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190062316.001.0001.
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China and the World is the most comprehensive, up-to-date scholarly assessment of China’s foreign relations and roles in international affairs. Students, scholars, practitioners, and publics worldwide will benefit from the information and insights contained herein. Written by sixteen leading international specialists, it covers China’s contemporary position in all regions of the world, with all major powers, and across multiple arenas of China’s international interactions. It also explores the sources of China’s grand strategy, how the past shapes the present, and the impact of domestic factors that shape China’s external behavior. As the world evolves in increasingly unpredictable directions, the impact of China will be one of the key determinants of the future global order. No country or society can escape China’s reach—indeed, many seek its embrace. China brings benefits to many but is also a problematic interlocutor for others. Overall, public opinion surveys indicate that China’s reputation around the world is mixed, with as many societies viewing China favorably as unfavorably. This volume explores the sources of this ambivalence. As China becomes a leading global power, and its footprint continually expands on different continents, understanding the parameters of its international presence, and what motivates China, is imperative for others. This volume digs deep inside China’s multidimensional “toolbox” to explore the instruments that Beijing uses around the world: economic, diplomatic, cultural, military, media, and other elements. China and the World provides many insights into China’s calculations and behavior and identifies a number of challenges China will face in the future.
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Fraunhar, Alison. Mulata Nation. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496814432.001.0001.
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Mulata Nation traces the figure of the mulata, the woman of mixed racial heritage in Cuban artwork and performance from the colonial era through the modern to the contemporary. While perhaps most widely linked with sensuality and sexual desirability, the mulata also serves as the embodiment of Cuba’s spirituality, and as emblematic of Cuban identity. Through close readings of representations of the mulata in fine and graphic art, mulata performers and the performance of mulata characters at distinct historical and ideological moments, the book claims that far from being a static, flat figure, images of the mulata have shifted over time and continue to find new expressions. Different expressions of the mulata are linked to specific historical moments. Representations of the mulata on cigarette packaging, marquillas cigarreras, and in the musical theater form zarzuela of the late colonial era, cabaret performance, fine art and popular magazine covers during the Republic, as an icon of Mexican cinema in the first wave of the diaspora of Cuban artists and Cuban cultural forms, and as an icon of the new (wo)man of revolutionary Cuba in Cuban cinema of the 1960s and 70s all figure the mulata as crucial figures in national culture. At present, both the significant diaspora of Cuban artists and others to the US and other countries have been re-inscribing the mulata and mulataje to bear, contest and sometimes reinforce the tropic positions explored in previous chapters. Furthermore, the performance of mulataje on and off the island is no longer limited to women; the performance of mulataje is prominent in highly popular drag shows and film in contemporary Cuba.