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1
Snyder, Jane. "Literary Continuities/Imperative Education." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153843.
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Literary Continuities: British Books and the Britishness of Their Early American Readers People get their worldview from what they read. in a reading-saturated society such as 18th-century America, the most popular books determined the public consciousness. as such, the origin of these books must be carefully examined. Herein lies the question of whose books and ideas were popularized. According to quantitative analysis of primary evidence gathered from private and public library collections as well as booksellers' advertisements and inventories, the majority of books read in 18th-century America could be considered British more than American. Before, during, and after the American Revolution the most popular and highly culturally valued books were still British. This explains the continued Britishness of Americans even after they declared and won political independence. Few scholars consider the implication of the origin of early American ideas, particularly in the study of popular books, leading to a common misconception about the rate at which American society became wholly American. Imperative Education: The Politics of Reading and Advice in Colonial American Colleges Harvard, William & Mary, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, the University of Pennsylvania, Brown, Rutgers, and Dartmouth were all founded in some iteration before the American Revolution. Amazingly, these colleges are rarely studied collectively. Even more individualized is the discussion of their early college libraries. These book collections determined the range of knowledge available to students, so the people who decided which books were included had a great deal of power over the colleges. Library benefactors across the American colonies and from institution to institution had quite similar reasons for donating certain books. This commonality can be called imperative education, a scheme through which books were donated to consciously further the donor's value system and assign it as truth. Such a structure means the nine colonial colleges were pieces of one movement rather than polarized individual entities fighting religious representation wars as they are often misrepresented. Their charters and founding documents back up the universality of imperative education. The general idea that students' reading habits needed to be strictly controlled is also apparent in controversies surrounding several of the institutions in their early years.
2
Stopel, Bartosz. "From mind to text : continuities in continuities in cognitive science, aesthetics and literary theory." Doctoral thesis, Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/5722.
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Celem projektu jest zbadanie i opisanie związków między trzema orientacjami badawczymi w literaturoznawstwie: współczesnymi teoriami literatury, estetyką analityczną oraz szeroko rozumianymi kognitywistycznymi badaniami literackimi. Wybór wspomnianych kierunków badań wraz ze wskazanym ich pogrupowaniem motywowany jest bieżącym stanem teorii literatury, zainteresowanie którą, szczególnie w zachodnich kręgach akademickich, wydaje się słabnąć. W efekcie owego kryzysu teorii pojawiają się kierunki badań całkowicie odcinające się od jej metod i dorobku, takie jak analityczna estetyka i kognitywistyczne badania literackie i okołoliterackie. Wstępne badania pozwalają sformułować główną hipotezę badawczą kwestionującą przeciwstawny, opozycyjny charakter wspomnianych orientacji badawczych. Pomimo otwarcie wyrażanej wzajemnej krytyki, relacje pomiędzy wspomnianymi kierunkami wydają się formować hierarchicznie i komplementarnie, przy jednoczesnym braku możliwości przeprowadzenia prostej redukcji między nimi. Kognitywne badania literackie ukazują ścisły związek między codziennym użyciem języka i językiem literackim, opisując naturalny ludzki potencjał tworzenia i przeżywania sztuki literackiej, a także wskazują na naturalne zręby kategorii estetycznych i procedur regulujących instytucjonalnie określane zasady interpretacji i oceny sztuki, a więc i badań nad estetyką. Na kolejnym stopniu hierarchii przebiega relacja między badaniami teoretycznoliterackimi (poststrukturalizm, teorie ideologiczne) a estetyką analityczną: badania literackie oparte na poststrukturalistycznej lub kulturowej koncepcji tekstu są możliwe dopiero po odpowiednim estetycznym odczytaniu utworu jako dzieła literackiego w rozumieniu estetyki analitycznej. Oprócz zaproponowania nowego ujęcia relacji wspomnianych dyscyplin i wzbogacenia teoretycznej wiedzy na ich temat poprzez dokonanie jej całościowego opisu, celem projektu jest również wskazanie możliwości prowadzenia dalszych badań i zarysowanie nowych, szerszych perspektyw badań interdyscyplinarnych.
3
Fleck, Michael F. "Continuities in four disparate air battles." Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala. : Air University, School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2003. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA425663.
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4
Carlsson, Christoffer. "Continuities and Changes in Criminal Careers." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kriminologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-100696.
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The best predictor of future criminal behavior is past criminal behavior. At the same time, the vast majority of people who engage in crime are teenagers and stop offending with age. Explaining these empirical findings has been the main task of life-course criminology, and contributing to an understanding of how and why offenders continue their criminal careers once they have started, and how and why they stop, is also the purpose of this dissertation. To do this, the dissertation studies a number of facets of the criminal career: the importance of childhood risk factors (Paper I), the notions of turning points (Paper II) and intermittency (Paper III), and the connection between masculinities and criminal careers (Paper IV). In contrast to much life-course criminological research, the dissertation mainly relies on qualitative life history interviews, collected as part of The Stockholm Life Course Project. The findings suggest a need for increased sensitivity to offenders’ lives, and their complexity. Whereas continuity and change can be understood within a frame of age-graded social control, this perspective needs to be extended and developed further, in mainly three ways. First, the concept and phenomenon of human agency needs closer study. Second, lived experiences of various forms of social stratification (e.g. gender, ethnicity, and so on) must be integrated into understandings of continuity and change in crime, seeing as phenomena such as social control may be contingent on these in important ways. Third, this dissertation highlights the need to go beyond the transition to adulthood and explore the later stages of criminal careers. In closing, the dissertation suggests that we move toward a focus on the contingencies of criminal careers and the factors, events, and processes that help shape them. If we understand those contingencies in more detail, possible implications for policy and practice also emerge.At the time of the doctoral defence the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted
5
Helderman, Amanda Chantal. "Continuities in homeownership and residential relocations." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2007. http://dare.uva.nl/document/45658.
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Civcik, Zeynep. "Changes And Continuities In Israeli Security Policy." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605756/index.pdf.
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The objective of this thesis is to analyze the changes in Israeli security policy. The thesis consists of four main parts. In the first part, the factors influencing the formation of Israeli security policy such as history, religion, ideology and threat perceptions are examined. Israeli military doctrine and its offensive, defensive and deterrence strategies are identified as the most important subcomponents of the security policy. The following part analyzes the changes and continuities in Israeli threat perceptions and the implementation of the military doctrine during and after the six main wars of the War of Independence, the war against Egypt in 1956, the Six Day War, the War of Attrition, the Yom Kippur War and the War in Lebanon in 1982. In the third part, the changes in Israeli security policy during 1990s are scrutinized. With the peace process, Israel&rsquos existential threat perception decreased but new threat perceptions of terrorism and conventional and nuclear military buildup in the region emerged
therefore security was redefined by the Israeli political and military decision-makers. In the last part the impact of the collapse of peace process and Sharon&rsquo
s coming to power on Israeli security policy is analyzed. Sharon&rsquo
s period can be defined by offensive security strategies aiming at preventing terror which has been the top security problem since the Al Aqsa Intifada. As a result, this thesis argues that Israeli security policy did not indicate significant changes until 1990s, however during 1990s Israeli security situation and security policy changed as a response to the regional and international developments. Post-2000 period witnessed changes as well with Sharon&rsquo
s returning to offensive strategies.
7
Agar, Aylin. "Formalism And Anti-formalism As Continuities And Discontinuities." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605748/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
FORMALISM AND ANTI-FORMALISM
AS CONTINUITIES AND DISCONTINUITIES
Agar, Aylin
M. Arch., Department of Architecture
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Jale Nejdet Erzen
September 2004, 137 pages
When form is in consideration, there exist two seemingly distinct attitudes to form giving activity, which seem to be constantly in opposition, namely formalist and anti-formalist approaches. The aim of this study is to explore the sources of, and interactions and transformations between formalist and anti-formalist design processes, without overlooking the conventional formalist understanding. The intention is to find out how a tendency in architecture, which challenged the understanding of a pure, timeless, unchangeable, ideal form emerged as a new problematic of architectural form. In that respect, the discussion will be concentrating on some figures of both architectural theory and practice to reach an accumulation of a theoretical and practical knowledge on the issue, to disclose the true potential of architectural form in the contemporary world.
8
Iwowo, Samantha Nkechi Israel. "Colonial continuities in Neo-Nollywood : a postcolonial study." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761226.
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Lilley, Anthea Mercer. "Government intervention in educational policy making : contrasts and continuities." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274771.
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Furnues, Sylvia Davis. "Continuities and contrasts in education in Jarrow, 1944-1988." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264985.
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11
Ferris, Denise Marie. "Recognizing contextual continuities : investigations of the Charleston single house." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66326.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-116).
This thesis is ultimately an exercise in understanding the processes of transformation in an urban environment How can one determine the relevant physical attributes of an existing fabric for inclusion in new construction as a way towards building greater continuity? For this investigation I have chosen to examine and work within the context of Charleston, South Carolina. Charleston is a city over two hundred years old, which now supports a very different social and economic structure from that of its original physical manifestation. There exists an explicit, regulating set of principles that underlay the historic built context. Considering that building technologies, means and methods have changed along with our notions of spatial requirements (clearly demonstrated through already existing transformations), it does not seem appropriate that one would duplicate the physical reality of buildings produced in the distant past. Equally inappropriate are current trends of producing veneered images of the past. If these solutions for generating new structures are to be avoided, existing buildings and the resultant spatial relationships defined must be thoroughly understood. Here then is an investigation of Charleston's spatial structure from which certain design parameters will be extracted towards the generation of several design projections. Spatial structure embodies those elements which define and articulate the sizes (and therefore capacity) and particular qualities of space. for example: whether open or closed. vertical or horizontal. light or dark, collective or private, indoor or outdoor, etc. Having lived in Charleston for three years, the particular solutions put forth will also be driven by my biased understandings of what it means to live in Charleston's urban environment.
(cont.) The method is one of direct observation using photographs, sketches and measured drawings towards understanding patterns of use, qualities of light and essence of place. In organizing these observations this thesis relies on the levels of spatial definition derived by N. J. Habraken. The levels include: -- that of the city: large scale networks, interventions and landscape attributes, i.e. streets, oceans. rivers, marshes, railroads, city block structures. etc. -- that of the tissue: within the block structure the system of buildings and spaces -- that of the site -- that of the building -- that of the building elements The investigation at all levels includes understanding public vs. private space. light as an organizer of space, the means for spatial definition and the range of forms and sizes of all physical elements. The thesis organization is as follows: -- initial observations at the size of the city and the tissue -- observations at the size of the site and the building -- design projections -- analysis of design projections as a means towards understanding primary spatial definitions within the Charleston context.
by Denise Marie Ferris.
M.Arch.
12
Thornton, Kevin Michael. "From ground to sky : an exploration in urban continuities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78980.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1988.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 81).
Urban skyscapes have been altered dramatically in this century with heretofore unprecedented powerful vertical surges. Yet it seems in most vertical buildings, the access and spatial sequence consists mainly of an articulated lobby or atrium and a high-speed elevator ride to one's destination. Little attention has been paid to the inherent possibilities of experience in the transition from ground to sky; of moving from one formal organization, (the city grid), to another, (a tall building) The current predilection for maximizing allowable floor area has produced the so-called "pancake" type stacking of floors which generally gives no clues to the user as to where in the vertical organization they may be at any given moment. This minimization process has denied to tall buildings the spatial experience and continuity of access helpful to more successfully integrate these forms into a existing city fabric of dissimilar size and nature of use. In order to assist in the expression of a vertical continuity, the form and material of structure and other architectural treatment could invoke associations of a ground-rooted existence, sensations of feeling "under" or "within" a form of containment. A middle territory could also be sought for where one no longer feels a part of the ground but not yet quite within the realm of the sky, in effect, a zone of exchange between the two territories. Finally, the uppermost portions of a building could become celebratory of their position nearest that of the sky. It is with an emphasis on ground to air continuity and experience that this thesis will explore a design for a vertical commercial /residential project in San Francisco, California.
Kevin Michael Thornton.
M.Arch.
13
Premawardhana, Devaka. "Continuities of Change: Conversion and Convertibility in Northern Mozambique." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13064926.
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Recent scholarship on Africa gives the impression of a singular narrative regarding Pentecostalism, that of inexorable rise. Indisputably, Pentecostalism's "explosion" throughout the global South is one of today's more remarkable religious phenomena. Yet what can we learn by shifting attention from the places where Pentecostal churches succeed to where they fail? Attending to this question offers an opportunity to reassess a regnant theoretical paradigm within recent studies of Pentecostalism: that of discontinuity. This paradigm holds that Pentecostalism, by insisting that worshippers break with traditional practices and ancestral spirits, introduces a temporal rupture with the past. This is a salutary theoretical move, insofar as it challenges the social scientific tendency to see people as largely reproductive of the past, incapable of discontinuous change. The problem, however, is the implicit assumption that "traditional" cultures--Pentecostalism's contrast class--are static by comparison. My research reveals that the Makhuwa-speaking people of northern Mozambique prove themselves extraordinarily capable of change, and not solely as the result of conversion to Pentecostalism, migration to cities, or other features of African "modernization."
This dissertation describes Makhuwa rituals, metaphors, and histories that inculcate dispositions toward mobility and experimentalism. What is significant about these types of change is their banality in everyday affairs. As such, they help mark the Makhuwa "traditional" framework as constitutionally pliable and malleable. Change, even radical change, is endogenous. The new churches' ecstatic dances and spirit baptisms, their theologies of rebirth and renewal, are some of the features that most appeal to those who participate in them. Their appeal, however, is as extensions of, not alternatives to, indigenous ways of being.
Yet if the convertibility of the Makhuwa self precedes entry into the churches, brings people into the churches, and finds reinforcement in the churches, it also facilitates exit from the churches. Change is not only incremental and regular, it is also reversible. The reason the churches fail to retain members is not, as their leaders often complain, that people are too rooted in their ancestral ways, but precisely the opposite: they are un-rooted, mobile by tradition.
14
Chee, A. L. "Character education in Singapore : bridging economic discontinuities, maintaining political continuities." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10050296/.
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Character Education (CE) is an amorphous subject. It has been recontextualised in various forms, depending on the goals of particular programmes as well as the prevailing ideology. CE is therefore, by definition, political. Using Bernstein’s ‘pedagogic device’ as a conceptual tool, this thesis critically analyses how a neoliberal-developmental state (where a strong authoritarian State single-mindedly pursues economic development) recontextualises CE. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to explore Singapore’s conception of CE and second, to investigate how CE has been differentiated in the mainstream and gifted education programme (GEP) in two Primary schools. It involves critically analysing how CE has been recontextualised by both the Ministry of Education (MOE) and the two Singapore schools. By framing my analysis around the complexity and multiplicity of factors involved when different pedagogic agents interpret, translate, recontextualise and enact CE as an education policy, the criteria for the prioritisation of knowledge/skills/values comes to the fore. Unlike other studies which adopt an a priori conception of CE, I have used a naturalist-interpretive approach and employed multiple data collection methods. These approaches and methods allow a triangulation of my empirical findings. In terms of policy, this study reveals that the MOE’s decision for mainstream CE to be taught in the Mother Tongue languages has resulted in the provision of two starkly different discourses being transmitted to mainstream and GEP students. The didactic and communitarian orientation of the mainstream CE curriculum coexist in direct contrast with the GEP curriculum which emphasizes student needs and individuality. Additionally, the untapped ‘relative autonomy’ in the two schools studied suggest a subliminal acceptance of State-defined good citizenry. I argue that CE and the values it promotes aim to socialise students into accepting the changing neoliberal economic realities, specifically the declining levels of social mobility and increasing levels of inequality. These findings raise questions about CE’s potential to impart critical thinking and to nurture strong and independent individuals, or at the very least, serve as a provocation to think and act in relation to a precarious future.
15
Smith, N. R. "Intergenerational continuities in ethnic inequalities in health in the UK." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19422/.
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Previous research strongly suggests that ethnic minorities are more likely to suffer a poorer health profile compared to the overall population. Trends have emerged to suggest that social factors such as socioeconomic status and health behaviours are not fixed across generations and have a role to play in these inequalities in health. This thesis investigated the differences in ethnic inequalities in health between the first and second generations, and determined the extent to which intergenerational changes in socioeconomic status and health behavioural factors might explain any variation that exists. The study used ethnically‐boosted data from the third sweep of the Millennium Cohort Study (n=14,860) and the combined 1999 and 2004 Health Survey for England (n=28,628). Crosssectional analysis investigated generational differences in self rated general health, limiting illness, obesity, hypertension, depression, psychological distress and a range of biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, across the major ethnic minority groups in the UK (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Black Caribbean, Black African, Irish, Chinese and Other). Children were additionally assessed for levels of cognitive development using the British Abilities Scales II. The generational change in socioeconomic circumstances (social class, highest educational qualification and household income) and the extent of acculturation (current smoking and drinking status, dietary behaviours and patterns of breastfeeding, immunisations and physical exercise) was examined. Strong upward intergenerational socioeconomic mobility in ethnic minority groups did not lead to improving health profiles. The second generation required greater levels of social advantage than the first generation to achieve the same level of health. Acculturative shifts led to a worsening in health behaviours, although the degree of change was highly ethnic group specific. Findings showed that the social and economic contexts, and the cultural identities and behaviours of ethnic minorities, differ across generations, but ultimately their opposing influences on health result in stable overall patterns of health inequality across generations.
16
Andrew, Sally. "Cosatu's policy on worker education, 1985-1992 : changes and continuities." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6775.
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Bibliography: leaves 164-176.The South African literature on worker education notes developments in Cosatu's approach to education from the 1980's to the 1990's. I critically explore the changes and continuities evident in Cosatu's policy on worker education from 1985 to 1992. I examined the national documentation produced by Cosatu during these years and conducted selected interviews with 11 people in the Western Cape who were active in Cosatu during this period. I qualitatively categorise and analyse the information on Cosatu's policy. Secondary data, together with the interviews provide both illustrative and contextual information on the policy, practice and politics of Cosatu at that time. The approach to worker education contained in the policy from 1985 to 1988 can be distinguished from that of the 1989-1992 period. Cosatu's policy on worker education in the 1985-1988 period contained a critique of capitalist education, an argument that education should contribute to socialist transformation, and the assertion of an 'alternative' education founded on progressive principles. In the 1989-1992 period some of the progressive principles evident in the 1985-1988 policy on worker education were still asserted. However there were stark changes from the earlier policy. The 1989-1992 policy asserted that education should assist with reconstructing the economy and developing individual careers. Cosatu was no longer promoting an alternative to the existing capitalist education, but was pushing for workers to have greater access to this system. I characterise the dominant approach to worker education of the 1985-1988 period as 'radical' or 'transformatory', whereas the 1989-1992 period increasingly manifested elements of a 'service' and 'instrumental' approach, which I characterise as 'reformist'.
17
Mehlwana, Anthony M. "The dynamics of cultural continuities : clanship in the Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17448.
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Bibliography: pages. 106-111.This thesis came as a result of two years' research in ten households in Makhaza. Makhaza is a shantytown situated in the Khayelitsha complex. The focus of this research is clanship a particularly under researched field in contemporary anthropology in southern Africa. The early anthropological literature mentioned clanship notions only in the context of social group formation. This literature argued that clanship is meaningless in urban situations since there are various social groups in urban towns which are based on criteria other than clanship. The present study argues, however, that clanship continues to be a building block in the construction of many relationships that poor Africans in towns manipulate for many purposes. Clanship manipulation should be understood in the context of the history and the poor conditions under which urban Africans live. As a result of the often forced migration, many Africans in urban areas do not live with their immediate families. In order to adapt to these conditions, they commonly build contingent relationships that they use as resources for reciprocal exchanges. This thesis has looked at these contingent relationships on three levels: a) how they are formed; b) the roles that each social actor is supposed to perform; and c) reciprocal exchange between households which are linked by clanship. It argues that clanship is a powerful symbol which binds these relationships. Clanship relationships are perceived as 'blood' relationships which are culturally defined and that underpin many varied relationships of reciprocity and material assistance among Africans.
18
Sengul, Irem. "The Lebanese-syrian Relations Between 1989-2005: The Changes And Continuities." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613456/index.pdf.
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The objective of this thesis is to analyze the bilateral relations between Lebanon
and Syria between the years 1989-2005. In the defined time period, the Lebanese-Syrian
relations were characterized by the establishment and fall of the Syrian domination over
Lebanon. This study focuses on this transformation in their relations and mainly
questions how the Lebanese-Syrian relations were transformed, how it affected and in
turn were affected by the broader regional setting.
Accordingly, the thesis is consistent of four main parts. In each historically
divided time period, the major determinants of the direction of their relations and the
changes and continuities in regard to these determinants are investigated. In the first
part, the study focuses on the historical evolution of their relations with due attention to
the dispatchment of Lebanon from Greater Syria and post-independence period. In the
second part, their relations are analyzed in the era of Lebanese civil war which also
signifies the beginning of active and effective Syrian involvement in Lebanese affairs.
The third part encompasses the period of unquestioned Syrian domination over Lebanon
in the post-civil war period up until the year 2000. In the fourth part, the changes in the
direction of their relations studied in relate to the role of changing international and
regional environment in affecting their relations.
19
Alabi, Ignatius Adetayo. "Continuities and divergences in Black autobiographies of Africa and the Diaspora." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0011/NQ32778.pdf.
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20
O'Bryen, Rory Robert. "Representations of La Violencia in contemporary Colombian culture : continuities, ruptures, displacements." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614185.
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21
Tuerk, Arin Samantha. "Continuities and discontinuities in working memory representations of collections over ontogeny." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13129561.
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Working memory, or the ability to maintain and manipulate information such that it can be used to guide behavior, is known to be severely capacity limited, in most circumstances, to about 3-4 objects. Both infants and adults have the ability to surpass these limits by encoding to-be-remembered items in groups or collections, exploiting statistical regularities or conceptual information to devise more efficient coding schema. Despite progress made toward understanding continuities in working memory, little is known about how changes over development interact with the ability to employ maximally efficient mnemonic data structures.
Paper 1 demonstrates that although adults can encode at most three mutually exclusive collections that accrue sequentially over time, they can circumvent this limit when items overlap in features (e.g. red and blue circles and triangles) and statistical regularities are introduced among collections defined by a single visual feature (e.g. most red items are triangular and not circular). Adults' performance suggests they are able to encode items from intersecting collections hierarchically and exploit statistical regularities among collections to reconstruct the numerosities of up to six collections in parallel, exemplifying how efficient coding can radically enhance working memory.
Paper 2 demonstrates that young preschoolers can also represent three mutually exclusive collections that accrue in an intermixed fashion over time. Results show that the ability to surpass this capacity limit by hierarchically reorganizing collections and exploiting statistical regularities among them develops between the ages of three and seven. These results are discussed in the context of executive function development.
Paper 3 provides evidence that computations of average size and orientation rely on qualitatively different processes with distinct developmental trajectories. Experiment 1 demonstrates that while the presence of additional identical elements in an array detrimentally impacts 6-month-olds' representations of element size, it improves the precision with which infants represent orientation. Experiment 2 demonstrates that performance is not affected when infants' attention is cued to a single item within arrays. These results are discussed in the context of the development of controlled attention.Psychology
22
Gustafsson, Berit. "Houses and ancestors : continuities and discontinuities in leadership among the Manus /." Göteborg : Göteborg Univ, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356982938.
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Cardia, Pedro Alexandre Simões. "Descontinuidades à beira rio." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13480.
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Epaminonda, Epaminondas. "Institutional change and business system diversity : continuities and contradictions in postcolonial Cyprus." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632846.
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This thesis analyses institutions and business system characteristics in Cyprus with the aim of describing economic organisation patterns in the country and discussing issues of institutional change and business system diversity. More specifically, by reviewing the development and current features of the legal, financial and education systems, industrial relations and authority relations, the extent and kind of British colonial influence on each institution is examined and the ways in which transformed institutions shape ownership and control of firms, relations between them and employment practices are explored. Research findings are expected to contribute to existing empirical knowledge regarding the different ways of organising and controlling economic activities by describing arrangements in a postcolonial society and inform theoretical analyses of processes of institutional change and the impact of colonial rule on economic organisation. Results indicate that the colonial experience transformed completely institutions like the legal system and greatly influenced aspects of the development of others, such as the education and financial systems, authority relations and industrial relations. These institutional changes contributed, first, to the creation of a significantly different institutional environment compared to neighbouring countries that were not colonised by a major European power and, second, led to considerable heterogeneity in some if its aspects. This institutional environment offered more potential for business system diversity and two major groups of firms may be identified with distinct business system characteristics in Cyprus, private firms and banks. The former group consists of firms that are largely family owned and controlled, are characterised by authority relations that are more paternalistic and exhibit employment practices that are more informal whereas in banks, ownership is largely market based, control more decentralised, relations with other firms more adversarial, authority relations less paternalistic and employment practices more formal. The empirical analysis suggests a number of theoretical points regarding colonialism, institutional change and business system diversity. First, it highlights that the three key mechanisms driving institutional change - the coercive, the mimetic and the normative - can be identified as contributing to institutional conversion during colonial rule. Coercive mechanisms may include the introduction of a new government administration system whereas mimetic processes, such as copying some of the colonial power's systems, and normative pressures due to the interaction between colonial power and colony were also common. Second, it shows that both radical and evolutionary change of institutions take place. The introduction of a new legal system is an example of abrupt change whereas the influence on the education system, and indirectly on people's values, is more incremental. Third, it suggests that the kind, extent and the rate of institutional conversion depends on the nature of each institution but also on power dynamics and preferences of individual and collective actors in both the exporter and receiving country. These observations highlight, fourth, the role of institutional entrepreneurs who influence institutional development by reflecting on structures, using their analytical and political skills and mobilizing others. Finally, these multiple influences on institutions are likely to result in considerable diversity within them, something that gives firms more 'social and economic space' from which to choose and formulate their own distinctive business system characteristics.
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Asima, Prosper Price Delali. "Continuities and discontinuities in gender ideologies and relations : Ghanaian migrants in London." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6268/.
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This thesis examines the interrelationship between migration and gender, exploring the migration trajectory of Ghanaians in London from their motivation to migrate, their settlement patterns and their transnational activities. The study specifically investigates two main questions: firstly, if and how patriarchal gendered ideologies and relations are influenced by the new migration space and how gender interacts with other social differences (e.g. class, nationality, education, legal status) to reconfigure gendered patterns of behaviour in the country of destination? Secondly, how do gender ideologies and practices influence the maintenance of transnational links with migrants' home country and vice versa? The study adopts a multi-sited ethnographic approach to gain an insight into the experiences of migrants. It demonstrates that paid employment, contextual factors and social differentials simultaneously reinforce and transform patriarchal gender relations in different social spaces. The thesis argues that the international division of labour, institutional challenges and socio-economic factors in the new social space of London provide different dilemmas for migrants. These opportunities and constraints lead to contestations and renegotiations which require that migrants reconcile earning with caring. This in turn leads to changes in the relative power and status of women and men in the host country. This study distinguishes the factors leading to gains and losses; shows that Ghanaian migrants are gendered actors; and contributes to disaggregating the persistence or transformations in patriarchal gender relations. The man's position as the breadwinner is often significantly challenged undermining his patriarchal authority in the household. Ghanaian women on the other hand have often been able to gain new access to resources, make life choices and participate in decision making in the households thereby being empowered across space and time. The study contributes to current understanding of empowerment processes by focusing on the role of men in this process, maintaining that socio-cultural and economic factors impact the lives and activities of male and female migrants differentially, reconfiguring patriarchal hierarchies and levelling power relations and decision making processes to more egalitarian patterns. It also argues that the formation of transnational families as a result of ‘split marriages' and children being sent back to the origin country for fostering leads to different gendered outcomes for migrant and non-migrant women, men and children. The study shows that responsibility for production, reproduction and socialisation is divided across national borders, with the performance of financial, emotional and practical support, decision making patterns and power relations negotiated in the transnational social space. The study contributes to deepening understanding of the critical nature of the interplay of the private and public spheres in gender dynamics and its interrelationship with migration, and also demonstrates that childcare has a significant impact on the caring and earning roles of parents, the organisation of households and enhancement of gender equality.
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Morgan, K. A. "Against Fascism and war : Ruptures and continuities in British Communist politics, 1935-1941." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382760.
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Douzina, Bakalaki Phaedra. "Crisis, deprivation, and provisioning in Xanthi, northern Greece : ordinary ruptures and extraordinary continuities." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/crisis-deprivation-and-provisioning-in-xanthi-northern-greece-ordinary-ruptures-and-extraordinary-continuities(0882bcfc-3f3d-4aa3-8d65-09db7de39690).html.
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This thesis entails an ethnographic exploration of the Greek economic crisis. In particular, I address the signification, materialisation, and contestation of the Greek economic crisis in a soup kitchen, a clothing bank, and a social clinic. Drawing from material gathered in the Northern Greek town of Xanthi between March 2014 and 2015, I treat alternative provisioning as an avenue to mutuality, collectivity, and egalitarianism. Moreover, I posit that the discrepancies between idealised discourses and everyday practices of provisioning offer privileged insights into perceptions and experiences of profound social transformation. Through detailed analysis of local media representations and interview transcriptions, I argue that idealised articulations of collective action and social assistance coalesced in the figure of the 'volunteer'. The subjectivity of the volunteer was defined by free will, autonomy, agentive interiority, and magnanimous intentionality. The efforts of the volunteer were framed in terms of civic consciousness and disinterested altruism. In sharp contrast to the idealised figure of the 'volunteer' however, the volunteering 'selves' that operated the soup kitchen, the clothing bank and the social clinic were enmeshed in conventions, obligations and reciprocities. I address these through thorough ethnographic attention to material gathered from participant observation. In particular, I trace the performative relocation of domesticity in the soup kitchen and argue that its cooks transformed into symbolic mothers. I consider the cooks' quests for symbolic and material remuneration, and posit that the framing devices of employment served to reconcile the domains of waged labour and reproduction. I follow the market conventions that guided the clothing bank, and suggest that its volunteering attendants engaged in performative shopkeeping. Finally, I describe the bureaucratic surveillance that operated against the uninsured patients of the social clinic, and argue that its volunteering authorities practiced 'stateness'. These insights were yielded at a time when the agonistic discourses and practices of horizontality, counter-hegemony and solidarity enjoyed unprecedented national prominence. Yet, rather than striving for an alternative society, my own informants appeared determined to restore and perform the rapidly dismantling provisioning routes of the past. Thus, the soup kitchen, clothing bank and social clinic served to reproduce the ordering and provisioning frames of household, market and state. Courtesy of its extraordinary background, this performative normality was bound to be a precarious and incomplete response to the workings of rupture. Hence, the crisis was revealed as a composite site of extraordinary continuity and ordinary rupture. Departing from the 'methodological exceptionalism' that often guides studies of crisis and social transformation, this thesis hopes to illustrate that performances of order and continuity serve as important loci of both resilience and convention, as well as change and invention.
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Roberts, D. "Physical conclusions? : an exploration of [dis]continuities in Thomas Vaughan's [al]chemical tracts." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683187.
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Moller, Joanne. "Inside and outside : conceptual continuities from household to region in Kumaon, north India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1235/.
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This thesis is an ethnographic study of the social organisation of a Central Himalayan village. Fieldwork was carried out between 1989-1991 in Almora district of the Kumaon region in the hills of Uttar Pradesh, India. Kumaoni villagers conceptually organise their social world on segmentary principles, locally expressed by the opposition between the inside (bhiter) and the outside (bhyar). The conceptual opposition of 'inside' and 'outside' is replicated at various levels of society. In this study it is examined with regard to intra-household, inter-household, affinal and inter-caste relations, and to interactions with the gods and spirits and plains society. Insiders and outsiders are ordered hierarchically such that insiders consider themselves morally superior to outsiders. At every level of identification, outsiders are constructed as greedy, dangerous and untrustworthy. Disorder and harm are presented as originating from 'outside', and are associated with 'outsiders'. The 'inside', as contextually defined, is vulnerable to these outside forces, and must be protected. Accompanying this presentation is the ideological stress on the separation, regulation and containment of social categories. This is most clearly elaborated on the household level, but is also pertinent on the levels of caste and region. Men and women's contrasting experiences of marriage, kinship and residence inform their representations of the household and supra-household relations. Although the inside/outside dichotomy and its associations are shared by both genders, men and women apply them differently. Men express the inside/outside opposition in terms of broader levels of community, be it lineage, caste, village or region. For women the inside/outside distinction, though significant on these broader levels, ultimately begins at the household level and extends outwards from there. The immediate 'community of insiders' for women is the household whereas for men it is the lineage. At the same time, however, the category of 'women' is not a homogeneous one; depending on their interests, status, role, age and so forth, women give different representations of the same social reality. Thus, men and out-married women (daughters and sisters of the village) talk about social relations in terms of harmony and cooperation. In-married women (wives of the village) present the village as a tense, conflict-ridden place where deceit and rivalry between households represent normal social relations.
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Mabandla, Nkululeko. "Lahla Ngubo : the continuities and discontinuities of a South African Black middle class." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11969.
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Includes bibliographical references.This study contributes to our understanding of the trajectories of South Africa’s historical black middle class - a class which is defined by access to education, and resulting occupational opportunities, as well as access to land. The middle class under study is a particular black middle class that established itself in Mthatha in the former Transkei Bantustan from 1908 onwards, when the Mthatha municipality needed a new and safe source of fresh drinking water and sold land to both black and white buyers in order to finance the so-called Umtata Water Scheme. This allowed the accumulation of land in the hands of a hitherto largely occupationally-based, mission-educated black middle class. The way in which this particular landed middle class has reproduced and transformed itself from the around 1900 to the present is the focus of the analysis.
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Chousein, Ali. "Continuities And Changes In The Minority Policy Of Greece: The Case Of Western Thrace." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606351/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the Greek minority policy of Western Thrace by dwelling on the history of the Muslim Turkish minority of Western Thrace from the beginning of 1920s until today. Until the early 1990s, changes in the Greek policy of Western Thrace had not been observed. However, the year 1991 marks a turning point both in the attitude of Greece towards the Muslim Turkish minority and in the history of the Western Thracian minority. As a result of the change in the Greek minority policy of Western Thrace there has been developments in the living conditions of the Minority. It is the aim of this thesis to explore to what extent there has been occurring changes and to what extent problems continue to affect the members of the Minority. Moreover, this thesis aims to analyze the actors that played a quite significant role in the Western Thracian policy change of the Greek state. After evaluating the situation in Western Thrace in the pre-1990 and post-1990 period this thesis argues that while on the one hand it is the economic and social domains that changes have been observed, on the other hand continuities in the Greek policy of the Muslim Turkish minority regarding the political and educational issues keep on affecting the members of this Minority. The aim of this thesis is to show that as a result of such a &lsquopartial change&rsquo
today&rsquo
s situation in Western Thrace is better than that of pre-1990s but some significant problems of the Minority still remain unresolved due to the unaltered stance of the Greek state towards some issues of the Western Thracian Minority.
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Bowler, Kimberly Anne. "The Noble Savage from Amerindian to Arab: Continuities in French Perceptions of the Other." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11292005-145050/.
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Previous discussions of the development of French racial stereotyping of the Arabs and Kabyles in Algeria overlook the continuities upon which these stereotypes were built. The archetype of the Noble Savage, particularly as inspired by the Amerindians of New France, played a critical role in the evolution of French perceptions of the Arabs. The Noble Savage influenced French perceptions of the Arabs during the Napoleonic conquest of Egypt, but his influence gained momentum during the French colonization of Algeria. Although the Arabs did not conform completely to the image of the Noble Savage, the indigenous Kabyles of Algeria appeared to be his embodiment. The French had encountered the Noble Savage in New France and his image had been disseminated further through the popular travel accounts and the ?natural man? of French intellectuals such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In discovering the Kabyles, the French discovered the perfect Noble Savage. The valorization of the Kabyles as Noble Savages resulted in the demonization of the Arabs as barbaric and ignorant. This led to a division in French attitudes between the ?good? Kabyle and the ?bad? Arab. Although French colonial and imperial interests in Algeria contributed to the formulation and perpetuation of this division, the long-standing and pervasive French understanding of and sympathy for the Noble Savage significantly facilitated its development.
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Robinson, Leni Katherine. "A figurative matter : continuities between Margaret Cavendish's theory of discourse and her natural philosophy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/17451.
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This dissertation explicates the natural philosophy of Margaret Cavendish, the Duchess of Newcastle, and develops some source arguments. It concludes that Cavendish’s theory of discourse (which includes music, art, action, speech and reason) is central to her natural philosophy, that discourse as she theorizes it constitutes her natural world.
Mathematics and speculative music influence Cavendish’s adoption of animist materialism. The musical genre of playing divisions intersects with her vocabulary for natural processes, her aesthetic descriptions of Nature, and her theory of time. Declamatory song informs the presence of expressiveness and prosody within Nature and the mind. It also provides a model for natural sympathy.
Discursive arts surface in Cavendish’s doctrines of “figure” as shape. Figure defines and determines the nature of objects, and physical change is meaningful change of gesture and posture. The matter of the mind and the cosmos is written in a way that enables memory and the conservation of figure. Metaphors from needlework and textiles emphasize aesthetic expression and the significance of lines and surfaces in Nature.
Discursive action appears primarily through dance metaphors. The noble style of dance gives Cavendish the category of “figure” in the sense of dance steps performed along a geometrical trajectory. Dance metaphor is gradually naturalized into the language of her mature philosophy. It informs Cavendish’s discussions of causation and free will.
Speech production and hearing provide access to Cavendish’s tenets concerning perception. The evolution of her doctrine of visual perception through a trade-based model, to an impact-based one, and finally to a model of “patterning out” represents a change of emphasis in a single model which connects perception to the use of the camera obscura by a painter.
Finally, mental discourse underlies divine, poetic and natural forms of creation. Sexual generation connects to literary translation, while spontaneous generation parallels poetic creation. Most forms of creation or production involve a tension between unified rational purpose and conversational collaboration. This tension stems from the details of Cavendish’s panpsychism, according to which rational matter never fully coalesces, even in sites of complex higher consciousness. Cavendish’s use of architectural metaphor highlights this tension.
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MacKay-Tisbert, Tully. "Continuities of violence and vulnerability| An ethnographic study of supportive housing for the homeless." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527984.
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Research on homelessness has tended to be divided theoretically between looking at personal pathology and emphasizing structural forces, but both have focused on street and shelter life. While there is a growing consensus in Anthropology that research should place homelessness within structural context, homelessness continues to be framed within the discourse of medicalization. This discourse continues into supportive housing programs for the formerly homeless, an area that has not yet been focused on much in research.
Based on ethnographic research conducted at Lamp Community in Los Angeles, California this thesis examines the continuity of struggle and vulnerability that continues even once the homeless are placed in supportive housing. It explores how this vulnerability has structural origins and how various levels of subjective and objective violence play out in the course of people's lives to maintain that vulnerability. By reuniting the issues of extreme poverty and homelessness, current measures to address homelessness are called into question.
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AIZPURUA, ROMINA IEBRA. "(DIS)CONTINUITIES? INFLUENCES AND TRANSITIONS OF THE TRADITIONAL FAMILY MODEL IN BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5934@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORO modelo tradicional de família - na sua forma nuclear mãe, pai e filhos - passou por inúmeras alterações ao longo das últimas décadas. As principais transformações deste modelo ocorreram, na América Latina, nos anos 80 e 90, com a marcada inserção da mulher ao mercado de trabalho e aos novos âmbitos educacionais, de forma paralela às repetidas crises econômicas e a inovadores parâmetros jurídicos e ideológicos da denominada pós-modernidade. O presente trabalho pretende analisar as principais mudanças na estrutura familiar das últimas duas décadas em dois grandes centros urbanos do Brasil e da Argentina, Rio de Janeiro e Buenos Aires. Procuramos, assim, evidenciar semelhanças e diferenças nas trajetórias que a vida íntima e familiar destes dois países percorreram até a contemporaneidade.
The traditional family model - in its nuclear form: mother, father and children - has gone through innumerable alterations during the last decades. The main transformations of this model occurred, in Latin America, during the 80´s and 90´s, with the remarkable insertion of women into the labor market and into new educational contexts, echoing the repeated economic crises and the innovative legal and ideological parameters of the so called post-modernity. The present work intends to analyze the main changes in the family structure of the last two decades in two of the biggest urban centers of Brazil and Argentina, Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires. In this sense, we seek to pinpoint similarities and differences in the trajectories of family life and intimacy in those two countries up to the present time.
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Awsiukiewicz-Tomczak, Anna Maria. "Motherhood experiences through transformations : narratives of intergenerational continuities and changes in post-Communist Poland." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2009. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/6ec2b7c8-2a21-4dee-b532-6a7b5fe9bef6/1/.
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In 1989 the transition in Poland from autocratic communism to neoliberal capitalism precipitated a most fundamental and radical crossover from paternal state to social liberalism. This thesis is based on a narrative enquiry aimed at examining the impact of these shifting socio-historical contexts on mothers' lives in Poland through a focus on two groups of women who became mothers before and after 1989. This thesis examines the presumed new opportunities, greater choice and freedoms offered by this new neoliberal context in Poland through the narratives of the participants in this study. It investigates how the changing contexts facilitate the appearance of new but also sustain the presence of old cultural models of motherhood. The vast political, economic, social and cultural transformations were dictated by the globally overarching framework of the neoliberal or market metanarrative reshaping power relations and structures and impacting on everyday individual experiences. The changing role of the state, in particular in the area of childcare and the support offered to working mothers, reshaped constructions of motherhood and experiences of mothering and contributed to growing stratification amongst Polish mothers. The majority of sociological analyses of this period defme post-communist socio-economic groups dichotomously, as either 'winners' or 'losers'. Both groups of mothers participating in this study (constituting the older and younger cohort) can be identified as 'winners' due to their more privileged socio-economic positions, and as such they represent a significant minority of Polish society. This thesis demonstrates how these mothers have been affected by the transformations by tracing continuities and changes in their practices, understandings and everyday experiences of mothering. The analysis shows that in spite of their relatively privileged position these women's experiences as mothers are affected too, in various ways, by the new neoliberal context. This research focus offers valuable insights into the specific lived experiences of this understudied group of assumed 'winners'. The data from the two cohorts of mothers and the conclusions reached through its analysis demonstrate the extent to which political upheaval impacts the normative cultural models of motherhood. This fine grained focus on the lived experiences of two groups of women confirms the persistence of enduring images of the working and coping Polish mother. The emergence of new pressures and challenges presented to mothers as embodied in the glamorised images of the 'New Polish Woman' appear in the narratives of the participants alongside old rhetorical constructions such as Matka Polka. The analysis in this thesis offers important contributions to sociological studies by questioning the existing oversimplified 'winner/loser' categorisations, and demonstrating how ideologies of motherhood discipline and circumscribe experiences of mothering. This thesis also provides a qualitative contribution to better understandings of the deeply textured aspects of women's lives as mothers in the context of shifting social, cultural, economic and political environments by illuminating change and continuity in the areas of gendered relations, constructions of selves, discourses and practices around motherhood. mothering and individuality.
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Mansoor, Yusuf. "Continuities In Native New England: Knowledge In And Of The Atlantic World, 1634-1675." W&M ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1616444464.
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These two papers discuss some of the continuities in the history of Native societies of New England in the mid-seventeenth century. During this time, the presence of English traders and colonists changed Native practices tremendously, with radical political shifts as colonists arrived and fought against powerful Native groups like the Pequots with new weapons and tactics. However, in discussing these changes, one can also see the continuities in this history. Adoption, Adaption: The Indigenous Military Revolution in New England, 1636-1675 In the first paper, the author discusses warfare, and how, in the wake of the Pequot War, where colonists slaughtered hundreds of Pequots in the Mystic Massacre, Native warfare changed as they began to use firearms, and changed the designs of their forts to better repulse attacks from gun-wielding enemies. However, as these changes were made, crucial aspects of Native warfare survived, creating a new style of warfare that was far more effective than either earlier Native or colonial tactics. Continuities in Pequot History: Local and Trans-Atlantic Captivities In the second paper, the author focuses on captivity of Native people by both other Native groups and by European traders and English colonists, using the concept of captivity as a continuity throughout the history of the Pequots of the seventeenth century. Over the course of these tumultuous years the Pequots fell victim to slaving Europeans, became a regional power, and, after the Pequot War, were enslaved by both English and Native rivals, before returning to a state of protected independence under the English. Throughout this, despite radical changes in Pequot status, captivity was a constant threat for the Pequots, and thus forms a vital continuity in understanding this history.
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Spiegel, Andrew David. "Changing continuities : experiencing and interpreting history, population movement and material differentiation in Matatiele, Transkei." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21806.
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Bibliography : pages 314-348.Cultural continuities through time and space have long concerned anthropologists. Recent work has increasingly concentrated on understanding these as social structural responses to both broad and local political-economic structures and processes. The aim of this thesis is to build on that approach. I argue that while some persistences of social form are best explained in functionalist and instrumentalist terms, to explain others one needs to look to the momentum of common practices that do not change without good cause. I thus attempt to wed a materialist analysis of political-economic determinants with one focused on social practice. I do this first by the application of a political-economic analysis and then by examining social practices for their apparent continuities of form and analysing why these occur. The approach taken thus reveals the influence of a paradigm shift in contemporary anthropology. The thesis focuses on the Matatiele District in South Africa's Transkei bantustan. The evidence I present was obtained primarily from ethnographic field-research conducted between 1982 and 1985 and concentrated in two settlements there. This is augmented by material both from further fieldwork undertaken elsewhere in the district, and from various documentary and archival sources. A primary concern is the nature of material and social differentation in the district and its relationship to both large- and small-scale population movement there since the mid-nineteenth century. By examining these through the prism of a political-economic approach, I indicate the extent to which they are functions of broad regional processes, including the development of capitalism in southern Africa. I thus show that local-level material differentiation is the product of population movements, themselves traceable to both capital's demand for labour and state interventions in rural land-use practices. In addition I show that local circumstance modifies the impact of these broader processes at the local level: there is great variety in the ways in which regional political-economic processes impact locally. Another primary concern is the appearance of cultural continuity in observed social behavioural forms, and people's claims that their present practices represent such continuities. A number of examples are identified. I examine these in order to establish the extent to which they are the functions of political-economic structures, the products of instrumental manipulation for local political purposes, or just the outcome of people pragmatically going on in ways with which they are familiar. While I acknowledge the merit of the first two types of explanation, I argue that there are many instances when the primary reason that people behave as they do is that they have no reason not to, and that their actions reflect a practical consciousness (or knowledgeability) that has its roots in experience. I conclude the thesis by discussing some of the methodological implications of a greater focus on practice and practical consciousness in southern African anthropology. I suggest that there is need for reinvestment in the method of intensive participant-observation, refined to accommodate concerns with the commonplace activities of everyday life in particular. This approach, I argue, is necessary in order to represent the diversity of cultural practice to be found in the region, but without recourse to structuralist analyses that have tended to reinforce notions of a mosaic of cultures in the region and given strength to pluralist perceptions of the region's population.
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Bhat, Javaid Iqbal. "Romance, Freedom and Despair: Mapping the Continuities and Discontinuities in the Kashmir English Novel." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1459246248.
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Matta, Corrado. "A Field of Veiled Continuities : Studies in the Methodology and Theory of Educational Research." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-140475.
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Empirical educational research enjoys a methodological and theoretical debate that is characterized by a number of unresolved and lively debated controversies. This compilation thesis is an attempt to contribute to this debate using the toolbox of philosophy of science. The thesis consists of an introductory chapter and four essays. In the introductory chapter I identify three methodological and theoretical controversies that are discussed within the field of educational research. These are: 1) the controversy concerning the scientific status of educational research; 2) the controversy between cognitive and sociocultural theories of learning; and, 3) the controversy between realist and constructionist interpretations of theories of learning. I provide in the essays a critical assessment of the claims behind each of these controversies, and argue for an alternative reconstruction of these issues. In Essay I, I criticize a view about the interpretation of human action, labeled in the text as interpretivism. This view posits a sharp separation between the natural and social sciences, to the effect that the methods of the latter cannot be applied to the former. The first controversy seems to rest on this position. As I argue, the arguments in support of interpretivism are contradicted by actual research practice. I conclude that the interpretivistic claims lack support and that the general separation claim appears as problematic. A further debate has fueled the first controversy, that is, the supposed distinction between qualitative and quantitative methods. In Essay II, I argue against this distinction. More specifically, I discuss the concept of empirical support in the context of qualitative methods (for short, qualitative support). I provide arguments that although there are two specific and non-trivial properties of qualitative support, there is no methodological separation between quantitative and qualitative methods concerning empirical support. Considered together, the first two essays indicate two points of methodological continuity between educational research and other scientific practices (such as the natural sciences). I therefore conclude that the controversy concerning the scientific status of educational research rests in large part on unjustified claims. Essay III focuses on the second controversy. In this article I argue that Suárez’ inferential approach to the concept of scientific representation can be used as an account of scientific representation in learning, regardless of whether learning is understood as a cognitive or social phenomenon. The third controversy is discussed in Essay IV. Here, I discuss some ontological aspects of the framework of the actor-network theory. Reflecting on the use of this framework in the research field of Networked Learning, I argue that the assumption of an ontology of relations provides the solution for two puzzles about the ontology of networks. The relevance of my argument for the third controversy is that it suggests a point of connection between constructionist and realist interpretations of the ontology of learning. The last two essays suggest two points of continuities between theoretical frameworks that have been and still are argued to be incompatible.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.
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Singh, Gurchand. "Racism and the Scottish press : tracing the continuities and discontinuities of racialised discoures in Scotland." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30732.
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This is a claim, articulated by sections of the members of the Scottish press and the political elite, that racism does not exist in Scotland. The aim of this thesis is to draw on documentary evidence and secondary sources in order to demonstrate the myth of 'racial' tolerance in Scotland. Through developing a materialist and empirical method of investigation, which recognises how racialised discourses can articulate with discourses of the nation, a historical and comparative analysis was carried out. Secondary sources and existing research were used to examine the history of racialised discourses during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The examination of the substance of postwar racialised discourses involved the content analysis for Scottish newspapers and their coverage of several key events was examined (the 1958 'race riots', the 1968 Kenyan Asian crisis, and the 1980s 'race riots'). The results were compared with existing research on the English press. Overall, this demonstrated that there were continuities and discontinuities in the substance of racialised discourses. Continuities in the sense that the substance of racialised discourses in Scotland and England are very similar. This stems from the fact that both Scotland and England are bound together within the common space of the nation-state. By discontinuities, I refer to the fact that there are subtle differences in the expression of racialised discourses. In Scotland's case, the major discontinuity is the myth of 'racial' tolerance. This discontinuity stems from the fact that the British nation state still contains a distinct Scottish national identity as well as a broader English/British identity. Racialised discourses have articulated with different national identities, leading to subtle differences in the expression of racism. In the Scottish case, it includes the myth of 'racial' tolerance. However, through drawing on secondary sources, evidence will be provided that contradicts this myth.
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Henderson-Smith, Barbara, and n/a. "From Booth to Shop to Shopping Mall: Continuities in Consumer Spaces from 1650 to 2000." Griffith University. School of Film, Media and Cultural Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040618.134501.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis sets out to evaluate the role of consumer spaces in twentieth-century daily life. It is not concerned with the act of consumption but rather with the ways in which the social, cultural and educative role of the retail spaces is used as a marketing tool. The links that have been established between civic and commercial space over the last three hundred years are charted in order to locate the reasoning behind the growing tendency to design shopping malls as social and cultural spaces in the twentieth century. Three principal benefits to developers of the retails spaces from the promotion of consumer spaces as public spaces are identified in the thesis. First, links between the public and commercial developed to encourage potential customers into a particular retail space as opposed to its competition. Second, consumer spaces are developed as social and leisure spaces to encourage consumer loyalty. That is, they are developed as a means of encouraging repeat visits. Third, they are developed as a tactic to keep potential shoppers in the retail space for a longer duration. The logic behind this strategy being the more time spent in a consumer space the more goods purchased. The origins of this merchandising practice are traced back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries well before the advent of the department store form. The thesis located a number of strategies developed in the seventeenth century by tradesmen and merchants to sell their wares. At this time, it is evident that the consumer space was opened up to the public who were encouraged to enter without the obligation to purchase. Further, it is evident that, by the eighteenth century, shopkeepers and manufacturers' workshops included showrooms where potential customers could sit and take tea. Public spaces were also designed within the retail space so that potential customers could see and be seen. British shopkeepers often linked the retail space with the social practice of promenading by strategically situating their premises in an already established thoroughfare or site used for promenading. By the late eighteenth century, consumer spaces housed entertainment facilities such as art galleries, exhibitions and lounging rooms. After tracing the development of this merchandising strategy to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the links that can be made between twentieth-century consumer spaces is examined. In addition, the early developments of shopping centres in the 1940s and 1950s are surveyed and their developmental logic and merchandising strategies are compared with more recent forms of shopping malls developed from the 1970s and 1980s.
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Brand, Lennart. "Nihilism, 'second consciousness', and the age of the worker : continuities in Ernst Jünger's earlier writings." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440657.
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Greene, Anne-Marie. "Employees, managers and the Trade Union : changes and continuities in the employment relationship 1983-1998." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/88298.
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Laird, Stephen C. E. "Landscape and the Christian soul in twentieth century British painting : romantic continuities and fresh expressions." Thesis, University of Kent, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432891.
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Rocksborough-Smith, Ian. "Bearing the seeds of struggle: Freedomways Magazine, black leftists, and continuities in the freedom movement /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2102.
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Henderson-Smith, Barbara. "From Booth to Shop to Shopping Mall: Continuities in Consumer Spaces from 1650 to 2000." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367834.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis sets out to evaluate the role of consumer spaces in twentieth-century daily life. It is not concerned with the act of consumption but rather with the ways in which the social, cultural and educative role of the retail spaces is used as a marketing tool. The links that have been established between civic and commercial space over the last three hundred years are charted in order to locate the reasoning behind the growing tendency to design shopping malls as social and cultural spaces in the twentieth century. Three principal benefits to developers of the retails spaces from the promotion of consumer spaces as public spaces are identified in the thesis. First, links between the public and commercial developed to encourage potential customers into a particular retail space as opposed to its competition. Second, consumer spaces are developed as social and leisure spaces to encourage consumer loyalty. That is, they are developed as a means of encouraging repeat visits. Third, they are developed as a tactic to keep potential shoppers in the retail space for a longer duration. The logic behind this strategy being the more time spent in a consumer space the more goods purchased. The origins of this merchandising practice are traced back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries well before the advent of the department store form. The thesis located a number of strategies developed in the seventeenth century by tradesmen and merchants to sell their wares. At this time, it is evident that the consumer space was opened up to the public who were encouraged to enter without the obligation to purchase. Further, it is evident that, by the eighteenth century, shopkeepers and manufacturers' workshops included showrooms where potential customers could sit and take tea. Public spaces were also designed within the retail space so that potential customers could see and be seen. British shopkeepers often linked the retail space with the social practice of promenading by strategically situating their premises in an already established thoroughfare or site used for promenading. By the late eighteenth century, consumer spaces housed entertainment facilities such as art galleries, exhibitions and lounging rooms. After tracing the development of this merchandising strategy to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the links that can be made between twentieth-century consumer spaces is examined. In addition, the early developments of shopping centres in the 1940s and 1950s are surveyed and their developmental logic and merchandising strategies are compared with more recent forms of shopping malls developed from the 1970s and 1980s.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Film, Media and Cultural Studies
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Thomsen, Carly Ann. "The Rhetorics of U.S. Abortion Narratives: Thematic Continuities, Shifting Applications and Political Strategies, 1969-Present." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193463.
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This thesis seeks to understand the various forces that have shaped the form, content, utilization and emergence of abortion narratives--both within a historical context and for political value. By comparing the themes that emerge within and across three sets of narratives--anti-abortion narratives, pre-Roe narratives that support abortion rights, and post-Roe abortion-rights narratives--and by identifying both gaps and influxes in the use of narratives, this thesis argues that the content and utilization of abortion narratives is directly connected to broader discursive strategies and political ideologies of reproductive rights organizations.
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TOGNOCCHI, MARTINO. "CONCEPT OF REGULAR ENEMY AMIDST THE CONTEMPORARY PROJECT OF INDIVIDUALIZED WAR: CONTINUITIES, TRANSFORMATIONS, AND CONTRADICTIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/943950.
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Across the last three decades war has shown signs of turning more and more into a form of uneven struggle; a struggle between powerful states and small groups or single individuals. This research employs the concept of enemy to critically look at the increasing individualization of war. Throughout the thesis it is questioned what does remain of the modern concept of regular enemy in the post-Cold War era, when the way of war is characterized by an apparently incontrovertible tendency to focus on single human subjects. To do so, the thesis in a first part traces in a genealogical way how the concept of regular enemy is crafted by some key modern political thinkers, whose thought is analyzed in three different streams: the ethical, the legal, and the strategic. In the second part, while keeping as the analytical frame the distinction between the three streams, the thesis analyzes three contemporary modes of conceptualizing the enemy peculiar to individualized war: an ethical, a legal, and a strategic mode. Such modes of argumentation are crafted by experts and authoritative speakers as philosophers, lawyers, policymakers, and military strategists committed to rethink the concept of regular enemy in war under the light of the project of individualization of war. The thesis contends that the modern concept of regular enemy does not disappear altogether in the aftermath of the Cold War and after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, but it is substantially redefined by a tendency to projecting hostility towards the single individual.
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Lwanda, John. "Politics, culture and medicine in Malawi : historical continuities and ruptures with special reference to HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1792.
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From reflexive, theoretical, historical and fieldwork perspectives, this multidisciplinary work (using triangulated methodological approaches) challenges and interrogates current viewpoints on health promotion, in the context of HIV/AIDS, in Malawi. The thesis is presented in a number of steps, culminating in the explication of the dynamics of cultural socialisation among primary, secondary and tertiary school students, relevant to HIV/AIDS. First, a culturally based pre-colonial traditional framework of health promotion, medical service delivery and order maintenance is ‘reconstructed‘, using a number of markers, which are later used to show the colonial and postcolonial persistence and continuity of this framework. Second, it is argued that this culturally based medical framework survived and minimised conflict (and epistemological and pragmatic dialogue) with colonial power and medicine by largely retreating into localities. This created localised indigenous communal medicocultural and welfare traditions, which continued to offer services to most Ahcans. Third, it is suggested that the framework’ s postcolonial persistence reflects the limited colonial and postcolonial socio-economic change in Malawi, with elites now, as whites then, controlling limited western medical resources at the expense of the anthu wamba (peasantry). Fourth, a critical history of HIV/AIDS in Malawi shows how, having entered Malawi in this context, the HIV/AIDS epidemic was bound to be viewed through these vibrant localised traditional frameworks of beliefs. The localised beliefs affected the perceptions and responses to, as well as the extent of, the epidemic; some Malawians saw HIV/AIDS as mdulo or kanyela (wasting diseases caused by transgressing sexual taboos). Fifth, political, religious and economic factors also affected the explanations and interpretations of and strategies for dealing with HIV/AIDS, contributing to a donor-dependent National Aids Strategic Framework (2000 - 2004) predicated on assumptions of socio-economic, educational and developmental progress. Six, the fieldwork confirmed the vibrancy of and influential dynamic of indigenous culture towards health beliefs and practices among the general public, and school students in particular, despite a high level of awareness among school students (and the public) about the scientific aspects of HIV/AIDS. Seven, these high awareness levels, even in school contexts coexist with discourses, such as ufiti (witchcraft), which are influenced by localised cultural traditions. Eight, it is argued that, given the socio-economic constraints, these discourses may influence or dilute western HIV/AIDS awareness messages and influence the actual socialisation and social and sexual behaviour of students.