To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Continuous energy restriction obesity.
Journal articles on the topic 'Continuous energy restriction obesity'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Continuous energy restriction obesity.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rynders, Corey A., Elizabeth A. Thomas, Adnin Zaman, Zhaoxing Pan, Victoria A. Catenacci, and Edward L. Melanson. "Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting and Time-Restricted Feeding Compared to Continuous Energy Restriction for Weight Loss." Nutrients 11, no. 10 (2019): 2442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102442.
Full textAbstract:
The current obesity epidemic is staggering in terms of its magnitude and public health impact. Current guidelines recommend continuous energy restriction (CER) along with a comprehensive lifestyle intervention as the cornerstone of obesity treatment, yet this approach produces modest weight loss on average. Recently, there has been increased interest in identifying alternative dietary weight loss strategies that involve restricting energy intake to certain periods of the day or prolonging the fasting interval between meals (i.e., intermittent energy restriction, IER). These strategies include intermittent fasting (IMF; >60% energy restriction on 2–3 days per week, or on alternate days) and time-restricted feeding (TRF; limiting the daily period of food intake to 8–10 h or less on most days of the week). Here, we summarize the current evidence for IER regimens as treatments for overweight and obesity. Specifically, we review randomized trials of ≥8 weeks in duration performed in adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) in which an IER paradigm (IMF or TRF) was compared to CER, with the primary outcome being weight loss. Overall, the available evidence suggests that IER paradigms produce equivalent weight loss when compared to CER, with 9 out of 11 studies reviewed showing no differences between groups in weight or body fat loss.
2
Bosch de Basea, Laia, Marina Boguñà, Alicia Sánchez, Montserrat Esteve, Mar Grasa, and Maria del Mar Romero. "Sex-Dependent Metabolic Effects in Diet-Induced Obese Rats following Intermittent Fasting Compared with Continuous Food Restriction." Nutrients 16, no. 7 (2024): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16071009.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, intermittent fasting has gained relevance as a strategy to lose weight and improve health as an alternative to continuous caloric restriction. However, the metabolic impact and the sex-related differences are not fully understood. The study aimed to compare the response to a continuous or intermittent caloric restriction in male and female rats following a previous induction of obesity through a cafeteria diet by assessing changes in body weight, energy intake, metabolic parameters, and gene expression in liver hepatic and adipose tissue. The continuous restriction reduced the energy available by 30% and the intermittent restriction consisted of a 75% energy reduction on two non-consecutive days per week. The interventions reduced body weight and body fat in both sexes, but the loss of WAT in females was more marked in both models of caloric restriction, continuous and intermittent. Both caloric restrictions improved insulin sensitivity, but more markedly in females, which showed a more pronounced decrease in HOMA-IR score and an upregulation of hepatic IRS2 and Sirt1 gene expression that was not observed in males. These findings suggest the fact that females are more sensitive than males to reduced caloric content in the diet.
3
Görücü, Dilan Dalgıç, Esen Yeşil, Merve Özdemir, and Beril Köse. "Comparative analysis of intermittent and continuous energy restriction in obesity management." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 13, no. 2 (2024): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v13i2.23518.
Full textAbstract:
An alternative to continuous energy restriction in the medical nutrition treatment of obesity, which has come to the fore in recent times, is called intermittent fasting. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of intermittent energy restriction (IER) and continuous energy restriction (CER) practices on body composition and anthropometric measurements in overweight and first-degree obese individuals. The comparison study was conducted on 34 people aged 19-64 between April and September 2022. They had no health problems, and applied to a private institution providing nutrition consultancy. In the study, the participants were divided into two groups and were asked to maintain the IER or CER diet type for six weeks. When the participants in the two diet types were compared in terms of parameters of anthropometric measurements, body compositions, blood pressure measurements, and initial and final measurements of abdominal fat analysis, no statistically significant difference was found (pα, pβ>0.05). The mean weight loss of the participants in the IER and CER groups was 3.95±1.94 kg and 4.09±1.48 kg, respectively. The weight loss of the participants in the two diet groups was similar. The long-term efficacy and safety of time-restricted feeding in weight loss is still unclear. More comprehensive research is needed on this subject.
4
Görücü, Dilan Dalgıç, Esen Yeşil, Merve Özdemir, and Beril Köse. "Comparative analysis of intermittent and continuous energy restriction in obesity management." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 13, no. 2 (2025): 639–47. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v13i2.23518.
Full textAbstract:
An alternative to continuous energy restriction in the medical nutrition treatment of obesity, which has come to the fore in recent times, is called intermittent fasting. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of intermittent energy restriction (IER) and continuous energy restriction (CER) practices on body composition and anthropometric measurements in overweight and first-degree obese individuals. The comparison study was conducted on 34 people aged 19-64 between April and September 2022. They had no health problems, and applied to a private institution providing nutrition consultancy. In the study, the participants were divided into two groups and were asked to maintain the IER or CER diet type for six weeks. When the participants in the two diet types were compared in terms of parameters of anthropometric measurements, body compositions, blood pressure measurements, and initial and final measurements of abdominal fat analysis, no statistically significant difference was found (pα, pβ>0.05). The mean weight loss of the participants in the IER and CER groups was 3.95±1.94 kg and 4.09±1.48 kg, respectively. The weight loss of the participants in the two diet groups was similar. The long-term efficacy and safety of time-restricted feeding in weight loss is still unclear. More comprehensive research is needed on this subject.
5
Headland, Clifton, and Keogh. "Effects of Weight Loss on FGF-21 in Human Subjects: An Exploratory Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (2019): 4877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234877.
Full textAbstract:
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), is a protein involved in cell growth and differentiation, development, wound repair and metabolism. Research looking at the impact of weight loss on FGF-21 levels is limited. The objective of this exploratory study was to determine changes in serum FGF-21 levels following weight loss induced by either continuous energy restriction or intermittent energy restriction. A sub cohort of participants who completed a 12-month dietary intervention trial following continuous energy restriction, or a week-on week-off energy restriction pattern, were selected for analysis. FGF-21 levels were not altered by weight loss and were not correlated with body weight or BMI at baseline or 12 months. Weight loss after 12 months either through continuous energy restriction or intermittent energy restriction was −5.9 ± 4.5 and −4.9 ± 3.4 kg, respectively. There was no change in FGF-21 levels, 0.3 ± 0.9 and 0.04 ± 0.2 ng/mL (p = 0.2). In conclusion, weight loss in healthy overweight or obesity subjects did not affect FGF-21 levels.
6
Wang, Jun, Fang Wang, Hongxiu Chen, et al. "Comparison of the Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction and Continuous Energy Restriction among Adults with Overweight or Obesity: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses." Nutrients 14, no. 11 (2022): 2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14112315.
Full textAbstract:
There is considerable heterogeneity across the evidence regarding the effects of intermittent energy restriction and continuous energy restriction among adults with overweight or obesity which presents difficulties for healthcare decision-makers and individuals. This overview of systematic reviews aimed to evaluate and synthesize the existing evidence regarding the comparison of the two interventions. We conducted a search strategy in eight databases from the databases’ inception to December 2021. The quality of 12 systematic reviews was assessed with A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). One review was rated as high quality, 1 as moderate, 4 as low, and 6 as critically low. A meta-analysis of the original studies was conducted for comparison of primary intermittent energy restriction protocols with continuous energy restriction. Intermittent energy restriction did not seem to be more effective in weight loss compared with continuous energy restriction. The advantages of intermittent energy restriction in reducing BMI and waist circumference and improvement of body composition were not determined due to insufficient evidence. The evidence quality of systematic reviews and original trials remains to be improved in future studies.
7
Lewis, Michelle Y., Kim Yonemori, Alison Ross, et al. "Effect of Intermittent vs. Continuous Energy Restriction on Visceral Fat: Protocol for The Healthy Diet and Lifestyle Study 2 (HDLS2)." Nutrients 16, no. 10 (2024): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16101478.
Full textAbstract:
Obesity in the United States and Western countries represents a major health challenge associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and certain cancers. Our past work revealed a more pronounced obesity–cancer link in certain ethnic groups, motivating us to develop a tailored dietary intervention called the Healthy Diet and Lifestyle 2 (HDLS2). The study protocol is described herein for this randomized six-month trial examining the effects of intermittent energy restriction (5:2 Diet) plus the Mediterranean dietary pattern (IER + MED) on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), liver fat, and metabolic biomarkers, compared to a standard MED with daily energy restriction (DER + MED), in a diverse participant group. Using MRI and DXA scans for body composition analysis, as well as metabolic profiling, this research aims to contribute to nutritional guidelines and strategies for visceral obesity reduction. The potential benefits of IER + MED, particularly regarding VAT reduction and metabolic health improvement, could be pivotal in mitigating the obesity epidemic and its metabolic sequelae. The ongoing study will provide essential insights into the efficacy of these energy restriction approaches across varied racial/ethnic backgrounds, addressing an urgent need in nutrition and metabolic health research. Registered Trial, National Institutes of Health, ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05132686).
8
Cortez, Filipa M., Catarina L. Nunes, Luís B. Sardinha, Analiza M. Silva, and Vítor H. Teixeira. "The BREAK study protocol: Effects of intermittent energy restriction on adaptive thermogenesis during weight loss and its maintenance." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0294131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294131.
Full textAbstract:
Background Adaptive thermogenesis, defined as the decrease in the energy expenditure components beyond what can be predicted by changes in body mass stores, has been studied as a possible barrier to weight loss and weight maintenance. Intermittent energy restriction (IER), using energy balance refeeds, has been pointed out as a viable strategy to reduce adaptive thermogenesis and improve weight loss efficiency (greater weight loss per unit of energy deficit), as an alternative to a continuous energy restriction (CER). Following a randomized clinical trial design, the BREAK Study aims to compare the effects of IER versus CER on body composition and in adaptive thermogenesis, and understand whether participants will successfully maintain their weight loss after 12 months. Methods Seventy-four women with obesity and inactive (20–45 y) will be randomized to 16 weeks of CER or IER (8x2 weeks of energy restriction interspersed with 7x1 week in energy balance). Both groups will start with 2 weeks in energy balance before energy restriction, followed by 16 weeks in energy restriction, then 8 weeks in energy balance and finally a 12-month weight maintenance phase. Primary outcomes are changes in fat-mass and adaptive thermogenesis after weight loss and weight maintenance. Secondary outcomes include weight loss, fat-free mass preservation, alterations in energy expenditure components, and changes in hormones (thyroid function, insulin, leptin, and cortisol). Discussion We anticipate that The BREAK Study will allow us to better understand adaptive thermogenesis during weight loss and weight maintenance, in women with obesity. These findings will enable evidence-based decisions for obesity treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05184361.
9
Ye, Ya-Fei, Mei-Xian Zhang, Zhi Lin, and Leiwen Tang. "Is Intermittent Fasting Better Than Continuous Energy Restriction for Adults with Overweight and Obesity?" Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Volume 15 (September 2022): 2813–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s376409.
Full text
10
Nagoeva, Z. M., I. V. Druk, and K. A. Martirosian. "Comorbid patient with obesity:comparative assessment of the effect of intermittent or continuous calorie restriction on body weight and cardiometabolic risk markers." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 9 (March 6, 2025): 26–35. https://doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-229-9-26-35.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to present the results of a comparative assessment of the effect of intermittent restricted diet (ICR) with a constant restricted diet (CCR) on weight loss, fat mass, the effect on cardiometabolic risk markers, glucose and insulin levels in obese adults. Materials and methods: The works cited in the study were selected using the keywords “obesity”, “comorbidity”, “weight loss”, “intermittent calorie restriction”, “constant calorie restriction”, in the search engines PubMed, Scopus. Publications had to meet the following criteria: randomized clinical trials, published in the last decade (2014-2024), access to the full text of the publication, the primary endpoint of weight loss, intermittent or continuous calorie restriction as the main intervention, adult population, subjects with obesity and comorbid pathology. Results: Obesity has acquired pandemic proportions worldwide. In some countries, prevalence rates range from 20 to 40%. Prevalence and incidence rates continue to increase. It is estimated that by 2030, almost 50% of the world’s population will be overweight or obese. Obesity increases the risk of a number of chronic noncommunicable diseases (T2DM, CVD, CKD, CLD, some types of cancer). Weight loss is the main intervention for people with overweight and obesity. Conservative non-drug therapy in the form of nutritional modification is the mainstay of obesity treatment and is recommended as the first, mandatory and permanent component of treatment. Daily caloric restriction and intermittent feeding are two forms of dietary therapy that can help to reduce body weight. Conclusion: Based on the results of the comparative analysis, we concluded that ICR and CCR are alternative energy restriction regimens for weight loss with comparable improvements in obesity-related cardiometabolic risk markers. Both regimens were well tolerated in most studies and may be equivalent approaches to weight loss. Further studies are needed to examine the efficacy, feasibility and safety of ICR in patients with chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease or cancer.
11
Wang, Yufan. "Role of Intermittent Energy Restriction (IER) in Weight Loss and Metabolic Parameters of Overweight/Obese Patients." Theoretical and Natural Science 4, no. 1 (2023): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/4/20220509.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, obesity became a prevalence concern in terms of its scale and health-related impact among the global. Medical comprehensive intervention among dietary pattern and living manners are recommended by guidelines as foundation of obesity treatment. Identifying alternative dietary weight loss strategies become a common and safe choice for many obsess peoples medical consolers and clinical doctors. Many positive impacts of Intermittent Energy Restriction (IER) have been suggested by preliminary study, but it still lacks well-powered intervention studies. This passage objects at clarify the metabolic parameters, summarized evidence of preclinical studies of IERs role in used as a weight loss strategy compared to other common strategies the guideline recommended, for instance, continuous energy restriction (CER), etc. Specifically, the randomized studies last 8-26 weeks performing in overweight and obsess adults. The result is compared in a paradigm of IER with CER, suggesting the outcome of weight loss and change in biomarkers of metabolic parameters. The evidence suggests that IER produce positive impact on weight loss and some positive but indirect effect on metabolic diseases.
12
Katsarou, Alexia L., Nicholas L. Katsilambros, and Chrysi C. Koliaki. "Intermittent Energy Restriction, Weight Loss and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Critical Appraisal of Evidence in Humans." Healthcare 9, no. 5 (2021): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9050495.
Full textAbstract:
Dietary patterns with intermittent energy restriction (IER) have been proposed as an attractive alternative to continuous energy restriction (CER) for the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities. The most widely studied regimens of IER comprise energy restriction on two days per week (5:2), alternate-day energy restriction by 60–70% (ADF), and timely restriction of energy intake during a specific time window within the day (TRF; time-restricted feeding). Although there is some evidence to suggest that IER can exert beneficial effects on human cardiometabolic health, yet is apparently not superior compared to CER, there are still some critical issues/questions that warrant further investigation: (i) high-quality robust scientific evidence regarding the long-term effects of IER (safety, efficacy, compliance) is limited since the vast majority of intervention studies had a duration of less than 6 months; (ii) whether the positive effects of IER are independent of or actually mediated by weight loss remains elusive; (iii) it remains unknown whether IER protocols are a safe recommendation for the general population; (iv) data concerning the impact of IER on ectopic fat stores, fat-free mass, insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility are inconclusive; (v) the cost-effectiveness of IER dietary regimens has not been adequately addressed; (vi) direct head-to-head studies comparing different IER patterns with variable macronutrient composition in terms of safety and efficacy are scarce; and (vii) evidence is limited with regard to the efficacy of IER in specific populations, including males, the elderly and patients with morbid obesity and diabetes mellitus. Until more solid evidence is available, individualization and critical perspective are definitely warranted to determine which patients might benefit the most from an IER intervention, depending on their personality traits and most importantly comorbid health conditions.
13
Schübel, Ruth, Johanna Nattenmüller, Disorn Sookthai, et al. "Effects of intermittent and continuous calorie restriction on body weight and metabolism over 50 wk: a randomized controlled trial." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 108, no. 5 (2018): 933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy196.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Background Although preliminary evidence suggests that intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) exerts stronger effects on metabolic parameters, which may link obesity and major chronic diseases, compared with continuous calorie restriction (CCR), there is a lack of well-powered intervention studies. Objective We conducted a randomized controlled trial to test whether ICR, operationalized as the “5:2 diet,” has stronger effects on adipose tissue gene expression, anthropometric and body composition measures, and circulating metabolic biomarkers than CCR and a control regimen. Design One hundred and fifty overweight and obese nonsmokers [body mass index (kg/m2) ≥25 to <40, 50% women], aged 35–65 y, were randomly assigned to an ICR group (5 d without energy restriction and 2 d with 75% energy deficit, net weekly energy deficit ∼20%), a CCR group (daily energy deficit ∼20%), or a control group (no advice to restrict energy) and participated in a 12-wk intervention phase, a 12-wk maintenance phase, and a 26-wk follow-up phase. Results Loge relative weight change over the intervention phase was −7.1% ± 0.7% (mean ± SEM) with ICR, −5.2% ± 0.6% with CCR, and −3.3% ± 0.6% with the control regimen (Poverall < 0.001, PICR vs. CCR = 0.053). Despite slightly greater weight loss with ICR than with CCR, there were no significant differences between the groups in the expression of 82 preselected genes in adipose tissue implicated in pathways linking obesity to chronic diseases. At the final follow-up assessment (week 50), weight loss was −5.2% ± 1.2% with ICR, −4.9% ± 1.1% with CCR, and −1.7% ± 0.8% with the control regimen (Poverall = 0.01, PICR vs. CCR = 0.89). These effects were paralleled by proportional changes in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes. There were no significant differences between ICR and CCR regarding various circulating metabolic biomarkers. Conclusion Our results on the effects of the “5:2 diet” indicate that ICR may be equivalent but not superior to CCR for weight reduction and prevention of metabolic diseases. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02449148.
14
Oustric, Pauline, Kristine Beaulieu, Nuno Casanova, et al. "Food Liking but Not Wanting Decreases after Controlled Intermittent or Continuous Energy Restriction to ≥5% Weight Loss in Women with Overweight/Obesity." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010182.
Full textAbstract:
Food reward (i.e., liking and wanting) has been shown to decrease after different types of weight management interventions. However, it is unknown whether specific dietary modalities (continuous (CER) vs. intermittent (IER) energy restriction) have differing effects on liking and implicit wanting after weight loss (WL) and whether these changes are sustained after 1-year of no-contact. Women with overweight or obesity (age 18–55 years) were randomly allocated to controlled-feeding CER (25% daily energy restriction) or IER (alternating ad libitum and 75% energy restriction days). Study visits were conducted at baseline, post-WL (to ≥5% WL within 12 weeks) and 1-year post-WL. The main outcomes were liking and implicit wanting for 4 categories of common food varying in fat and taste assessed by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. Linear mixed models were conducted on the 30 participants achieving ≥5% WL and 15 returners. After an initial WL of −5.1 ± 0.2 kg, after 1-year 2.6 ± 0.5 kg were regained. Liking but not wanting decreased after WL. Food reward after 1-year did not differ from baseline, but the high loss to follow-up prevents generalization. IER and CER did not differ in their effects on food reward during WL or at 1-year follow-up.
15
Oustric, Pauline, Kristine Beaulieu, Nuno Casanova, et al. "Food Liking but Not Wanting Decreases after Controlled Intermittent or Continuous Energy Restriction to ≥5% Weight Loss in Women with Overweight/Obesity." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (2021): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010182.
Full textAbstract:
Food reward (i.e., liking and wanting) has been shown to decrease after different types of weight management interventions. However, it is unknown whether specific dietary modalities (continuous (CER) vs. intermittent (IER) energy restriction) have differing effects on liking and implicit wanting after weight loss (WL) and whether these changes are sustained after 1-year of no-contact. Women with overweight or obesity (age 18–55 years) were randomly allocated to controlled-feeding CER (25% daily energy restriction) or IER (alternating ad libitum and 75% energy restriction days). Study visits were conducted at baseline, post-WL (to ≥5% WL within 12 weeks) and 1-year post-WL. The main outcomes were liking and implicit wanting for 4 categories of common food varying in fat and taste assessed by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. Linear mixed models were conducted on the 30 participants achieving ≥5% WL and 15 returners. After an initial WL of −5.1 ± 0.2 kg, after 1-year 2.6 ± 0.5 kg were regained. Liking but not wanting decreased after WL. Food reward after 1-year did not differ from baseline, but the high loss to follow-up prevents generalization. IER and CER did not differ in their effects on food reward during WL or at 1-year follow-up.
16
Stanek, Agata, Klaudia Brożyna-Tkaczyk, Samaneh Zolghadri, Armand Cholewka, and Wojciech Myśliński. "The Role of Intermittent Energy Restriction Diet on Metabolic Profile and Weight Loss among Obese Adults." Nutrients 14, no. 7 (2022): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071509.
Full textAbstract:
Obesity is a disease defined by an elevated body mass index (BMI), which is the result of excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat. Dietary intervention is fundamental and essential as the first-line treatment for obese patients, and the main rule of every dietary modification is calorie restriction and consequent weight loss. Intermittent energy restriction (IER) is a special type of diet consisting of intermittent pauses in eating. There are many variations of IER diets such as alternate-day fasting (ADF) and time-restricted feeding (TRF). In the literature, the IER diet is known as an effective method for bodyweight reduction. Furthermore, IER diets have a beneficial effect on systolic or diastolic pressure, lipid profile, and glucose homeostasis. In addition, IER diets are presented as being as efficient as a continuous energy restriction diet (CER) in losing weight and improving metabolic parameters. Thus, the IER diet could present an alternative option for those who cannot accept a constant food regimen.
17
Pinto, Ana M., Claire Bordoli, Luke P. Buckner, et al. "Intermittent energy restriction is comparable to continuous energy restriction for cardiometabolic health in adults with central obesity: A randomized controlled trial; the Met-IER study." Clinical Nutrition 39, no. 6 (2020): 1753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.07.014.
Full text
18
Beaulieu, Kristine, Nuno Casanova, Pauline Oustric, et al. "Matched Weight Loss Through Intermittent or Continuous Energy Restriction Does Not Lead To Compensatory Increases in Appetite and Eating Behavior in a Randomized Controlled Trial in Women with Overweight and Obesity." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 3 (2019): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz296.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Background Continuous energy restriction (CER) is purported to be problematic because of reductions in fat-free mass (FFM), compensatory motivation to overeat, and weakened satiety. Intermittent energy restriction (IER) is an alternative behavioral weight loss (WL) strategy that may mitigate some of these limitations. Objective The objective of the DIVA study was to compare the effects of CER and IER on appetite when the degree of WL (≥5%) is matched. Methods Women with overweight/obesity (BMI 25.0–34.9 kg/m2; age 18–55 y) were recruited for this controlled-feeding RCT via CER (25% daily energy restriction) or IER (alternating ad libitum and 75% energy restriction days). Probe days were conducted at baseline and post-intervention to assess body composition, ad libitum energy intake and subjective appetite in response to a fixed-energy breakfast, and eating behavior traits. After baseline measurements, participants were allocated to CER (n = 22) or IER (n = 24). Per protocol analyses (≥5% WL within 12 wk) were conducted with use of repeated measures ANOVA. Results Thirty of 37 completers reached ≥5% WL [CER (n = 18): 6.3 ± 0.8% in 57 ± 16 d, IER (n = 12): 6.6 ± 1.1% in 67 ± 13 d; % WL P = 0.43 and days P = 0.10]. Fat mass [−3.9 (95% CI: −4.3, −3.4) kg] and FFM [−1.3 (95% CI: −1.6, −1.0) kg] were reduced post-WL (P < 0.001), with no group differences. Self-selected meal size decreased post-WL in CER (P = 0.03) but not in IER (P = 0.19). Hunger AUC decreased post-WL (P < 0.05), with no group differences. Satiety quotient remained unchanged and was similar in both groups. Both interventions improved dietary restraint, craving control, susceptibility to hunger, and binge eating (P < 0.001). Conclusions Controlled ≥5% WL via CER or IER did not differentially affect changes in body composition, reductions in hunger, and improvements in eating behavior traits. This suggests that neither CER nor IER lead to compensatory adaptations in appetite in women with overweight/obesity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03447600.
19
Kim, Curie, Ana Margarida Pinto, Claire Bordoli, et al. "Energy Restriction Enhances Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis-Associated Memory after Four Weeks in an Adult Human Population with Central Obesity; a Randomized Controlled Trial." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (2020): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030638.
Full textAbstract:
Adult neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons throughout life, occurs in the subventricular zone of the dentate gyrus in the human hippocampal formation. It has been shown in rodents that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is needed for pattern separation, the ability to differentially encode small changes derived from similar inputs, and recognition memory, as well as the ability to recognize previously encountered stimuli. Improved hippocampus-dependent cognition and cellular readouts of adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been reported in daily energy restricted and intermittent fasting adult mice. Evidence that nutrition can significantly affect brain structure and function is increasing substantially. This randomized intervention study investigated the effects of intermittent and continuous energy restriction on human hippocampal neurogenesis-related cognition, which has not been reported previously. Pattern separation and recognition memory were measured in 43 individuals with central obesity aged 35–75 years, before and after a four-week dietary intervention using the mnemonic similarity task. Both groups significantly improved pattern separation (P = 0.0005), but only the intermittent energy restriction group had a significant deterioration in recognition memory. There were no significant differences in cognitive improvement between the two diets. This is the first human study to investigate the association between energy restriction with neurogenesis-associated cognitive function. Energy restriction may enhance hippocampus-dependent memory and could benefit those in an ageing population with declining cognition. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02679989) on 11 February 2016.
20
Yeary, KH, H. Yu, S. Yao, et al. "Comparing an Intermittent Fasting Intervention With a Continuous Energy Restriction Intervention On Weight Loss in Community-Based Black Adults." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 6 (2023): 857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0363.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Compared to other racial/ethnic groups, Blacks have the highest rates of obesity, a well-established risk factor for some cancers. Continuous caloric energy restriction (CER) interventions consist of small reductions in daily caloric intake and are recommended by government agencies to treat obesity. However, these interventions are difficult to adhere to and cause less weight loss in Blacks compared to Whites. Intermittent fasting (IF), which can consist of eating 25% of one's daily calorie intake per day on some days and ad libitum intake on other days, causes the same amount of weight loss as CER interventions. IF may be easier for participants to adhere to and may lower cancer risk and prognosis to a greater extent than can be attributed to weight loss alone. However, most IF studies have been conducted with White participants, and have provided participants with standardized meals and/or nutrition counseling not readily available in real-world situations. Thus, the purpose of our study is to test the effect of IF interventions in diverse groups outside of controlled settings. Methods: We are comparing a 6-month CER intervention with a 6-month IF intervention on weight loss in Black adults using a blinded randomized controlled comparative effectiveness trial. Trained community health workers are delivering the interventions. Six churches (anticipated n = 60) were randomized to either intervention. Staff blinded to treatment condition are collecting anthropometric, 3-day dietary food recall, and survey data at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Results: To date, four churches (n = 29) have completed baseline and follow-up assessments. Most participants were female (82.6%) with a mean age of 57.9 years. There were significant within group differences, with both IF and CER participants losing 3.2% (4.4) and 2.8% (4.5), respectively, of their body weight from baseline to 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: This is the first study to test an IF intervention designed for community-based Black adults in a 'real-world' setting. If proven effective, this IF intervention has the potential to serve as an alternative to CER interventions for weight loss and cancer risk reduction in minority populations.
21
Pannen, Sarah T., Sandra González Maldonado, Tobias Nonnenmacher, et al. "Adherence and Dietary Composition during Intermittent vs. Continuous Calorie Restriction: Follow-Up Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Overweight or Obesity." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (2021): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041195.
Full textAbstract:
Although intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) has become popular as an alternative weight loss strategy to continuous calorie restriction (CCR), there is insufficient evidence on diet quality during ICR and on its feasibility over longer time periods. Thus, we compared dietary composition and adherence between ICR and CCR in a follow-up analysis of a randomized trial. A total of 98 participants with overweight or obesity [BMI (kg/m2) 25–39.9, 35–65 years, 49% females] were randomly assigned to ICR, operationalized as a “5:2 diet” (energy intake: ~100% on five non-restricted (NR) days, ~25% on two restricted (R) days), or CCR (daily energy intake: ~80%). The trial included a 12-week (wk) intervention phase, and follow-up assessments at wk24, wk50 and wk102. Apart from a higher proportion of energy intake from protein with ICR vs. CCR during the intervention (wk2: p < 0.001; wk12: p = 0.002), there were no significant differences with respect to changes in dietary composition over time between the groups, while overall adherence to the interventions appeared to be good. No significant difference between ICR and CCR regarding weight change at wk102 was observed (p = 0.63). However, self-reported adherence was worse for ICR than CCR, with 71.1% vs. 32.5% of the participants reporting not to or only rarely have followed the regimen to which they were assigned between wk50 and wk102. These results indicate that within a weight management setting, ICR and CCR were equivalent in achieving modest weight loss over two years while affecting dietary composition in a comparable manner.
22
Antoni, R., K. L. Johnston, C. Steele, D. Carter, M. D. Robertson, and M. S. Capehorn. "Efficacy of an intermittent energy restriction diet in a primary care setting." European Journal of Nutrition 59, no. 6 (2019): 2805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02098-y.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Purpose Intermittent energy restriction (IER) is a popular weight loss (WL) strategy; however, its efficacy in clinical practice remains unknown. The present study compared the effects of IER compared to continuous energy restriction (CER) on WL and cardiometabolic risk factors in primary care. Methods A (self-selected) cohort study was conducted at the Rotherham Institute for Obesity (RIO), a primary care-based weight management service. 197(24% male) obese patients volunteered to participate and selected their diet group. IER participants (n = 99) consumed ~ 2600 kJ for two days/week. CER participants (n = 98) restricted their diet by ~ 2100 kJ/day below estimated requirements. Both interventions were delivered alongside RIO standard care. Changes in anthropometry and cardiometabolic disease risk markers (fasting biochemistry and blood pressure) were assessed after a 6-month intervention period and then participants were followed up again 6 months later (month 12). Results 27 IER patients (27%) and 39 CER patients (40%) completed the 6-month weight loss phase. Among completers, mean (SEM) WL was greater in the IER group at 6 months (5.4 ± 1.1% versus 2.8 ± 0.6%; p = 0.01), as were reductions in fat mass (p < 0.001) and improvements in systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001). Fasting insulin (p = 0.873) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.701) were reduced similarly in both groups. However, in the IER group, changes in anthropometry and blood pressure in the IER group had reverted to baseline by 12-month follow-up, whilst the CER group maintained weight loss but showed an increase in blood pressure. Conclusions Among completers, IER resulted in superior short-term changes in anthropometry and some cardiometabolic risk factors. However, rates of attrition and weight regain were higher compared with standard care, providing important insights in the implementations of IER within a “real-life” NHS setting. Trial registration number ISRCTN31465600.
23
Vidmar, Alaina P., Monica Naguib, Jennifer K. Raymond, et al. "Time-Limited Eating and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adolescents with Obesity: A Pilot Study." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (2021): 3697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113697.
Full textAbstract:
Due to its simplicity, time-limited eating (TLE) may represent a more feasible approach for treating adolescents with obesity compared to other caloric restriction regimens. This pilot study examines the feasibility and safety of TLE combined with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adolescents. Fifty adolescents with BMI ≥95th percentile were recruited to complete a 12-week study. All received standard nutritional counseling, wore a CGM daily, and were randomized to: (1) Prolonged eating window: 12 h eating/12 h fasting + blinded CGM; (2) TLE (8 h eating/16 h fasting, 5 days per week) + blinded CGM; (3) TLE + real-time CGM feedback. Recruitment, retention, and adherence were recorded as indicators of feasibility. Weight loss, dietary intake, physical activity, eating behaviors, and quality of life over the course of the intervention were explored as secondary outcomes. Forty-five participants completed the study (16.4 ± 1.3 years, 64% female, 49% Hispanic, 75% public insurance). There was high adherence to prescribed eating windows (TLE 5.2 d/wk [SD 1.1]; control 6.1 d/wk [SD 1.4]) and daily CGM wear (5.85 d/wk [SD 4.8]). Most of the adolescents (90%) assigned to TLE reported that limiting their eating window and wearing a CGM was feasible without negative impact on daily functioning or adverse events. There were no between-group difference in terms of weight loss, energy intake, quality of life, physical activity, or eating behaviors. TLE combined with CGM appears feasible and safe among adolescents with obesity. Further investigation in larger samples, with a longer intervention duration and follow-up assessments are needed.
24
Kusakabe, Toru, Ken Ebihara, Takeru Sakai, et al. "Amylin improves the effect of leptin on insulin sensitivity in leptin-resistant diet-induced obese mice." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 302, no. 8 (2012): E924—E931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00198.2011.
Full textAbstract:
Leptin enhances insulin sensitivity in addition to reducing food intake and body weight. Recently, amylin, a pancreatic β-cell-derived hormone, was shown to restore a weight-reducing effect of leptin in leptin-resistant diet-induced obesity. However, whether amylin improves the effect of leptin on insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity is unclear. Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were infused with either saline (S), leptin (L; 500 μg·kg−1·day−1), amylin (A; 100 μg·kg−1·day−1), or leptin plus amylin (L/A) for 14 days using osmotic minipumps. Food intake, body weight, metabolic parameters, tissue triglyceride content, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity were examined. Pair-feeding and weight-matched calorie restriction experiments were performed to assess the influence of food intake and body weight reduction. Continuous L/A coadministration significantly reduced food intake, increased energy expenditure, and reduced body weight, whereas administration of L or A alone had no effects. L/A coadministration did not affect blood glucose levels during ad libitum feeding but decreased plasma insulin levels significantly (by 48%), suggesting the enhancement of insulin sensitivity. Insulin tolerance test actually showed the increased effect of insulin in L/A-treated mice. In addition, L/A coadministration significantly decreased tissue triglyceride content and increased AMPKα2 activity in skeletal muscle (by 67%). L/A coadministration enhanced insulin sensitivity more than pair-feeding and weight-matched calorie restriction. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the beneficial effect of L/A coadministration on glucose and lipid metabolism in DIO mice, indicating the possible clinical usefulness of L/A coadministration as a new antidiabetic treatment in obesity-associated diabetes.
25
Haag, Jennifer, Olivia Lara, Chunxiao Zhou, Stephen D. Hursting, and Victoria Bae-Jump. "Abstract 2168: Intermittent fasting in combination with carboplatin in a pre-clinical model of obesity-driven endometrial cancer." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 2168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-2168.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives: Endometrial cancer (EC) incidence and mortality continue to rise, with obesity a well-known driver of this disease. Obesity is associated with excess estrogen, hyperinsulinemia, activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway, chronic inflammation, and a heightened capacity to harvest dietary energy, all of which contribute to the development and progression of EC. Intermittent energy restriction (IER) is thought to have anti-tumorigenic benefits and has been shown to have synergistic effects with chemotherapy and hormonal therapy in various cancer types. Thus, we evaluated the anti-tumorigenic effects of a switch from high fat diet (HFD) to either IER or low fat diet (LFD) with carboplatin treatment in a mouse model of obesity-driven endometrioid EC. Methods: Lkb1fl/flp53fl/fl mice were fed either HFD or LFD starting at 4 weeks of age. At 12 weeks of age, the HFD-fed mice were randomized to three treatment groups: continuous HFD, HFD-LFD switch, and HFD-IER switch. The LFD-fed mice were continuously maintained on LFD. At 16 weeks of age, all mice were injected with AdCre into the left uterine horn to induce EC development. At 26 weeks of age, mice were treated with placebo or carboplatin (50 mg/kg intraperitoneally weekly) for 4 weeks (n=8-10 mice per group). EC incidence, tumor weight, and body weight were evaluated. EC gene expression was assessed by microarray analysis. Results: EC incidence was lowest in the HFD-IER group (~60%) and highest in the HFD group (~80%); rates were similar in the other diet groups (~75%). The continuous HFD-fed mice demonstrated a 76% increase in tumor size relative to continuous LFD-fed mice (p&lt;0.001). At sacrifice and after carboplatin treatment, mean body weights were significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in the HFD group (38g) than groups receiving continuous LFD (26g), HFD-LFD switch (28g), or HFD-IER switch (21g), although mean body weights were not significantly different within diet groups between placebo and carboplatin-treated mice. In placebo-treated groups, mean tumor weights were significantly lower in mice fed continuous LFD (0.62g), HFD-LFD switch (0.60g) and HFD-IER switch (0.26g) relative to continuous HFD-fed mice (1.10 g; p&lt;0.001). When comparing gene expression between the HFD-LFD and the HFD-IER placebo groups, genes related to cholesterol metabolism, estrogen response, and inflammation were preferentially up-regulated in the HFD-IER group. Carboplatin treatment reduced EC tumor size 42-69% across all diet groups (p&lt;0.05); tumor size was the smallest in the HFD-IER group (0.15g) relative to mice receiving continuous HFD (0.34g), HFD-LFD (0.29g) or continuous LFD (0.34g). Conclusion: IER with carboplatin treatment may be an innovative combination treatment strategy in the management of EC, a highly obesity-driven cancer. Citation Format: Jennifer Haag, Olivia Lara, Chunxiao Zhou, Stephen D. Hursting, Victoria Bae-Jump. Intermittent fasting in combination with carboplatin in a pre-clinical model of obesity-driven endometrial cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2168.
26
Koliaki, Chrysi C., and Nicholas L. Katsilambros. "Are the Modern Diets for the Treatment of Obesity Better than the Classical Ones?" Endocrines 3, no. 4 (2022): 603–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/endocrines3040052.
Full textAbstract:
Conventional hypocaloric diets, providing continuous energy restriction, are considered to be the cornerstone of dietary management of obesity. Although energy-restricted diets are overall safe, healthy, and modestly effective, their long-term adherence is difficult to accomplish. Intermittent fasting and ketogenic diets have emerged as attractive alternative dietary options for weight loss and improvement in cardiometabolic risk. Intermittent fasting is a unique dietary pattern characterized by periods of eating alternated with periods of fasting. Ketogenic diets are very low in carbohydrate, modest in protein, and high in fat. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported beneficial but short-lived effects of intermittent fasting and ketogenic diets on various obesity-related health outcomes. Although for both diets, the current evidence is promising and steadily evolving, whether they are better than traditional calorie-restricted diets, whether they can safely lead to sustained weight loss and overall health benefits, and their effects on body composition, weight loss maintenance, energy intake and expenditure, diet quality, and cardiometabolic risk factors are still not unequivocally proven. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current state of evidence regarding the effects of these two popular modern diets, namely intermittent fasting and ketogenic diets. We describe the rationale and characteristics of different dietary protocols, we analyze the major mechanisms explaining their weight loss and cardiometabolic effects, and we provide a concise update on their effects on body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors, focusing on meta-analyses of RCTs. We also discuss knowledge gaps in the field of these diets, and we indicate directions for future research.
27
Kaźmierczak, Anna, Klaudia Perkowska, Anna Kiełb, et al. "Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Weight Loss and Metabolic Health." Quality in Sport 22 (September 22, 2024): 54618. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/qs.2024.22.54618.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction and Purpose: Intermittent fasting (IF) has become a popular strategy for combating obesity and improving metabolic health. This dietary regimen alternates between periods of fasting and eating, aiming to enhance cellular health and increase longevity. With obesity rates doubling globally since 1990 and metabolic diseases on the rise, IF offers a potential solution by promoting metabolic benefits and reducing obesity-related conditions. Material and Method: This review examines various IF methods, including alternate-day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating. The analysis focuses on the impact of these fasting methods on body weight, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles, based on a compilation of studies that explore the physiological effects and health outcomes associated with IF. Results: IF has shown to be effective in reducing body weight and improving metabolic parameters. Studies indicate significant benefits in insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles, with some variations across different IF protocols. Physiological insights reveal that IF leads to a metabolic switch from glucose-based to ketone-based energy, which plays a critical role in its effectiveness. Conclusions: Intermittent fasting appears to be a viable alternative to continuous calorie restriction for weight loss and metabolic enhancement. It not only aids in weight management but also offers additional health benefits such as improved insulin sensitivity and better lipid profiles. However, more long-term studies are needed to fully understand its benefits and potential risks. Future research should focus on optimizing fasting protocols and exploring their long-term effects on health and disease.
28
Mazurek, Joanna, Hubert Stachowicz, Monika Adamczyk, et al. "Intermittent fasting - a diet to fight type 2 diabetes and obesity - current state of knowledge." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 67 (September 12, 2024): 55044. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.67.55044.
Full textAbstract:
Obesity is a chronic disease that requires diagnosis and treatment. Excess body fat and metabolic disorders, resulting from the disease, are associated with the risk of numerous complications. Among the most widespread are type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and sleep apnea syndrome. Weight reduction significantly improves prognosis, and can mitigate or even reverse complications. A dietary method gaining popularity recently is intermittent fasting. It involves alternating periods of eating and fasting according to a fixed time schedule. There are different types of diet, differing in the length of the fasting period. Intermittent fasting affects the human body by regulating the diurnal rhythm, inducing metabolic switching, that is switching from using glucose as an energy source to lipid oxidation, and by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota. The effects of the diet, proven in clinical trials, include weight loss, improved glucose tolerance, lowered hemoglobin A1c and insulin levels, and improved tissue sensitivity to insulin. However, there is no evidence supporting the superiority of intermittent fasting over continuous calorie restriction. Intermittent fasting also carries a risk of adverse effects, the most serious of which are hypoglycemic episodes. These occur especially in people with type 2 diabetes and taking diabetes medications. Although intermittent fasting appears to be a promising strategy in the fight against obesity and type 2 diabetes, further research is needed to evaluate its long-term effects on the human body.
29
Calonne, Julie, Denis Arsenijevic, Isabelle Scerri, Jennifer L. Miles-Chan, Jean-Pierre Montani, and Abdul G. Dulloo. "Low 24-hour core body temperature as a thrifty metabolic trait driving catch-up fat during weight regain after caloric restriction." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 317, no. 4 (2019): E699—E709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00092.2019.
Full textAbstract:
The recovery of body weight after substantial weight loss or growth retardation is often characterized by a disproportionately higher rate of fat mass vs. lean mass recovery, with this phenomenon of “preferential catch-up fat” being contributed by energy conservation (thrifty) metabolism. To test the hypothesis that a low core body temperature (Tc) constitutes a thrifty metabolic trait underlying the high metabolic efficiency driving catch-up fat, the Anipill system, with telemetry capsules implanted in the peritoneal cavity, was used for continuous monitoring of Tc for several weeks in a validated rat model of semistarvation-refeeding in which catch-up fat is driven solely by suppressed thermogenesis. In animals housed at 22°C, 24-h Tc was reduced in response to semistarvation (−0.77°C, P < 0.001) and remained significantly lower than in control animals during the catch-up fat phase of refeeding (−0.27°C on average, P < 0.001), the lower Tc during refeeding being more pronounced during the light phase than during the dark phase of the 24-h cycle (−0.30°C vs. −0.23°C, P < 0.01) and with no between-group differences in locomotor activity. A lower 24-h Tc in animals showing catch-up fat was also observed when the housing temperature was raised to 29°C (i.e., at thermoneutrality). The reduced energy cost of homeothermy in response to caloric restriction persists during weight recovery and constitutes a thrifty metabolic trait that contributes to the high metabolic efficiency that underlies the rapid restoration of the body’s fat stores during weight regain, with implications for obesity relapse after therapeutic slimming and the pathophysiology of catch-up growth.
30
Sadeghian, Mehdi, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini, Ahmad Zare Javid, Kambiz Ahmadi Angali, and Ahmad Mashkournia. "Effect of Fasting-Mimicking Diet or Continuous Energy Restriction on Weight Loss, Body Composition, and Appetite-Regulating Hormones Among Metabolically Healthy Women with Obesity: a Randomized Controlled, Parallel Trial." Obesity Surgery 31, no. 5 (2021): 2030–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-05202-y.
Full text
31
Carter, D., C. Steele, L. Senior, K. Johnston, and M. Capehorn. "Trial protocol to assess the effects of intermittent (IER) versus continuous energy restriction (CER) on weight and other risk factors in patients attending the Rotherham Institute for Obesity (RIO)." Appetite 87 (April 2015): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.12.189.
Full text
32
Vuille-Lessard, Élise, Naomi Lange, Carlotta Riebensahm, Jean-François Dufour, and Annalisa Berzigotti. "Dietary Interventions in Liver Diseases: Focus on MAFLD and Cirrhosis." Current Hepatology Reports 20, no. 2 (2021): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11901-021-00563-z.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Purpose of Review Dietary interventions (DI) aimed at improving overweight and metabolic abnormalities in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and at reducing malnutrition and sarcopenia in cirrhosis should become part of routine care in hepatology. This review focuses on recent advances in this field. Recent Findings In patients with MAFLD, a gradual reduction, respectively, of 7–10% of body weight if overweight or of 3–5% if lean, obtained by moderately reducing caloric intake, is effective to improve liver disease. Intermittent energy restriction might be an alternative to continuous energy restriction with higher adherence. Qualitative dietary adjustments should include increased intake of unprocessed foods including fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fiber, and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), for example, through a Mediterranean diet. Refined carbohydrates (CHOs), saturated FA (SFAs), red meat, and processed meat should be limited. DI studies in HIV-infected subjects with MAFLD are very limited, and this is a field for future research. In patients with cirrhosis, DI should aim at correcting malnutrition and improving skeletal muscle mass. Daily diet contents should aim at achieving 30–35 kcal/kg of body weight, including 1.2–1.5 g/kg proteins, and oral or enteral supplementation might be used in patients unable to achieve these targets. In some studies, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) proved to be effective in improving muscle mass and were associated with a lower risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Obesity requires adjustment of the above-mentioned targets, and its management is challenging. Studies looking at the efficacy of DI recommended by the existing guidelines on clinical endpoints are a field for future research. Summary Dietary interventions are able to improve MAFLD and show potential to reduce complications in liver disease. Despite its key importance, there are many barriers limiting the implementation of DI in patients with chronic liver disease. Patients’ empowerment is crucial and should be the focus of specific educational programs. In addition, liver clinics would benefit from multidisciplinary teams involving experts in nutrition, physical exercise, primary care physicians, and psychologists when needed.
33
Haag, Jennifer, Olivia Lara, Chunxiao Zhou, Stephen D. Hursting, and Victoria Bae-Jump. "Abstract A008: Intermittent fasting in combination with PD-inhibitor treatment as an innovative treatment strategy in a pre-clinical model of obesity-driven endometrial cancer." Clinical Cancer Research 30, no. 5_Supplement (2024): A008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.endo24-a008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective: Endometrial cancer (EC) incidence and mortality continue to rise, with obesity a well-known driver of this disease. Obesity is associated with excess estrogen, hyperinsulinemia, activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway, chronic inflammation and a heightened capacity to harvest dietary energy, which all contribute to the development and progression of EC. Intermittent energy restriction (IER) is thought to have anti-tumorigenic benefits and has been shown to have synergistic effects with chemotherapy and hormonal therapy in various cancer types. IER may also promote anti-tumor immune responses by stimulating CD4+ and CD8+ cells, making this dietary strategy an innovative therapeutic partner with PD-1 inhibitors, which are commonly used in EC. Thus, we evaluated the anti-tumorigenic effects of a switch from high fat diet (HFD) to either IER or low-fat diet (LFD) with PD-1 inhibitor treatment in a mouse model of obesity-driven endometrioid EC. Methods: Lkb1fl/flp53fl/fl mice were fed either HFD or LFD starting at 4 weeks of age. At 12 weeks of age, the HFD-fed mice were randomized to three treatment groups: HFD, HFD-LFD switch or HFD-IER switch. The LFD-fed mice were maintained on LFD. At 16 weeks of age, all mice were injected with AdCre into the left uterine horn to induce EC development. At 26 weeks of age, mice were treated with placebo or a mouse PD-1 inhibitor (BioXCell) (10mg/kg, 2 times/wk, intraperitoneal) for 4 wks (N=8-10 mice per group). RNAseq was performed to determine differences in immune pathways between ECs of obese and lean mice. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumors of obese and lean mice were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results: Obesity resulted in a 52% increase in tumor size, comparing obese versus lean mice (p&lt;0.05). Expression of genes related to T-cell/B-cell receptors, NF-kappa B and TNF pathways were upregulated in the ECs of obese versus lean mice. PD-1 inhibitor therapy increased PD-1 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in both obese and lean ECs. In addition, PD-1 inhibitor treatment led to an increase in percentage of CD4+ T cells in obese and lean ECs but increased the percentage of CD8+ T cells in only lean ECs. At sacrifice and after PD-1 inhibitor treatment, mean body weights were significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) in the HFD group (42g) than groups receiving LFD (29g), HFD-LFD switch (34g) or HFD-IER switch (23g). EC incidence was lowest in the HFD-IER group (~61%) and highest in the HFD group (~80%); rates were similar in the other diet groups (~75%). In placebo-treated groups, mean tumor weights were significantly lower in mice fed LFD (0.45g), HFD-LFD switch (0.41g) and HFD-IER switch (0.29g) relative to continuous HFD-fed mice (0.94g; p=0.001-0.05). PD-1 inhibitor treatment reduced EC size 24-68% across all diet groups (p=0.05-0.001); size reduction was greatest in the HFD-IER group (0.18g) relative to mice receiving continuous HFD (0.30g), HFD-LFD (0.31g) or LFD (0.31g). Conclusion: IER with PD-1 inhibitor treatment may be an innovative strategy in the management of EC, a highly obesity-driven cancer. Citation Format: Jennifer Haag, Olivia Lara, Chunxiao Zhou, Stephen D. Hursting, Victoria Bae-Jump. Intermittent fasting in combination with PD-inhibitor treatment as an innovative treatment strategy in a pre-clinical model of obesity-driven endometrial cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Endometrial Cancer: Transforming Care through Science; 2023 Nov 16-18; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(5_Suppl):Abstract nr A008.
34
Jefcoate, Paul W., M. Denise Robertson, Jane Ogden, and Jonathan D. Johnston. "Exploring Rates of Adherence and Barriers to Time-Restricted Eating." Nutrients 15, no. 10 (2023): 2336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15102336.
Full textAbstract:
Whilst the treatment and prevention of overweight and obesity-related disease is managed by restricting daily energy intake, long-term adherence to dietary strategies appears unsustainable. Time-restricted eating (TRE) aims to position energy intake in an eating window under 12 h per day and offers an alternative behavioral intervention, which can aid weight management and improve cardiometabolic health. Adherence to previous TRE protocols is estimated at between 63 and 100%, although the accuracy of reporting is unclear. This study therefore aimed to provide an objective, subjective, and qualitative overview of adherence to a prescribed TRE protocol, and to identify any potential barriers affecting adherence. Adherence after 5 weeks of TRE was estimated at ~63% based on continuous glucose monitoring data when compared with time-stamped diet diaries. Subjective participant responses reported adherence at an average of ~61% per week. Barriers to adopting TRE, including work schedules, social events, and family life, were identified by participants during qualitative interviews. The findings of this study suggest that the development of personalized TRE protocols may help to navigate the barriers to adherence leading to improved health-related outcomes.
35
Kempf, Kerstin, and Stephan Martin. "Effects of a Carbohydrate Meal on Lipolysis." Nutrients 16, no. 20 (2024): 3531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16203531.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, effective dietary recommendations are needed. Previously, we developed the low-insulin method: by avoiding insulinogenic, i.e., insulin-release-triggering foods, insulin secretion becomes reduced, lipolysis is stimulated, and energy production is shifted to ketosis with excess ketone bodies exhaled in the form of acetone. Now, we investigate how quickly stable ketosis (defined as fasting breath acetone concentration ≥ 7.0 ppm) is achieved, whether and for how long a carbohydrate meal inhibits ketosis, and whether the responses differ in healthy adults with different insulin levels. Methods: An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted, and body composition and fasting insulin were determined at the beginning and end of the 14-day study. Participants (n = 10) followed a ketogenic diet and performed continuous glucose monitoring. Ketosis levels were determined by measuring breath acetone concentrations. On day 8, two white bread rolls with jam (72 g carbohydrates) were consumed for breakfast. Results: After seven days, all participants achieved stable ketosis (defined as fasting breath acetone concentration ≥ 7.0 ppm), which dropped from 8.2 to 5.7 ppm (p = 0.0014) after the carbohydrate meal. It took five days to achieve stable ketosis again. The stratification of participants into tertiles according to their fasting insulin levels demonstrated that individuals with low fasting insulin levels achieved stable ketosis again after two days and those with medium insulin levels after five days, while those with high baseline values did not reach stable ketosis by the end of the study. Conclusions: By carbohydrate restriction, stable ketosis can be achieved within one week. However, a single carbohydrate meal inhibits ketosis for several days. This effect is pronounced in individuals with elevated fasting insulin levels.
36
Rogers, Michelle, Alison Coates, Catherine E. Huggins, et al. "Study protocol for the Shifting Weight using Intermittent Fasting in night shift workers (SWIFt) study: a three-arm randomised controlled trial comparing three weight loss strategies in night shift workers with obesity." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (2022): e060520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060520.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionShift workers are at an increased risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes. Eating and sleeping out of synchronisation with endogenous circadian rhythms causes weight gain, hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. Interventions that promote weight loss and reduce the metabolic consequences of eating at night are needed for night shift workers. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of three weight loss strategies on weight loss and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in night shift workers.Methods and analysisA multisite 18-month, three-arm randomised controlled trial comparing three weight loss strategies; continuous energy restriction; and two intermittent fasting strategies whereby participants will fast for 2 days per week (5:2); either during the day (5:2D) or during the night shift (5:2N). Participants will be randomised to a weight loss strategy for 24 weeks (weight loss phase) and followed up 12 months later (maintenance phase). The primary outcomes are weight loss and a change in HOMA-IR. Secondary outcomes include changes in glucose, insulin, blood lipids, body composition, waist circumference, physical activity and quality of life. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 24 weeks (primary endpoint) and 18 months (12-month follow-up). The intervention will be delivered by research dietitians via a combination of face-to-face and telehealth consultations. Mixed-effect models will be used to identify changes in dependent outcomes (weight and HOMA-IR) with predictor variables of outcomes of group, time and group–time interaction, following an intention-to-treat approach.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by Monash Health Human Research Ethics Committee (RES 19-0000-462A) and registered with Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee. Ethical approval has also been obtained from the University of South Australia (HREC ID: 202379) and Ambulance Victoria Research Committee (R19-037). Results from this trial will be disseminated via conference presentations, peer-reviewed journals and student theses.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN-12619001035112).
37
Wen, Lu, Rong Li, Ying-Cai Zhao, et al. "A Comparative Study of the Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Sea Cucumber Saponins and Energy Restriction in Response to Weight Loss and Weight Regain in Mice." Marine Drugs 20, no. 10 (2022): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20100629.
Full textAbstract:
Dietary supplementation of sea cucumber saponins and calorie restriction have been proved to be effective in alleviating obesity, but the differences of anti-obesity effects between sea cucumber saponins and energy restriction during weight loss and weight regain are still unknown. In the present study, high-fat-induced obesity mice were randomly divided into three groups, including a high-fat diet group (HF), an energy restriction by 40% group (HF-L), and a sea cucumber saponins group (HF-S), to compare the effects of dietary sea cucumber saponins and energy restriction on the weight, glucose, and lipid metabolism of obese mice during weight loss and weight regain. The results showed that dietary 0.06% sea cucumber saponins and limiting energy intake by 40% had the same weight loss effect. Interestingly, sea cucumber saponins could alleviate impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance caused by obesity. In addition, the inhibited SREBP-1c mediated lipogenesis might lead to the alleviation of weight regain after resuming the high-fat diet even when sea cucumber saponins were no longer supplemented. In contrast, limiting energy intake tended to promote lipid synthesis in the liver and white adipose tissue after restoring a high-fat diet, and inflammation was also induced. The findings indicated that sea cucumber saponins could replace calorie restriction to prevent obesity and might be used as a functional food or drug to resist obesity and related diseases caused by obesity.
38
King, N. A., R. E. Wood, A. M. Groves, A. P. Hills, A. Sainsbury-Salis, and N. M. Byrne. "Intermittent energy restriction prevents the orexigenic response typically observed with continuous energy restriction." Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 4 (October 2010): S37—S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2010.09.076.
Full text
39
Fischer, Manuela M., Alexandre M. Kessler, Dorothy A. Kieffer, et al. "Effects of obesity, energy restriction and neutering on the faecal microbiota of cats." British Journal of Nutrition 118, no. 7 (2017): 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517002379.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSurveys report that 25–57 % of cats are overweight or obese. The most evinced cause is neutering. Weight loss often fails; thus, new strategies are needed. Obesity has been associated with altered gut bacterial populations and increases in microbial dietary energy extraction, body weight and adiposity. This study aimed to determine whether alterations in intestinal bacteria were associated with obesity, energy restriction and neutering by characterising faecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in eight lean intact, eight lean neutered and eight obese neutered cats before and after 6 weeks of energy restriction. Lean neutered cats had a bacterial profile similar to obese rodents and humans, with a greater abundance (P<0·05) of Firmicutes and lower abundance (P<0·05) of Bacteroidetes compared with the other groups. The greater abundance of Firmicutes in lean neutered cats was due to a bloom in Peptostreptococcaceae. Obese cats had an 18 % reduction in fat mass after energy restriction (P<0·05). Energy reduction was concurrent with significant shifts in two low-abundance bacterial genera and trends in four additional genera. The greatest change was a reduction in the Firmicutes genus,Sarcina, from 4·54 to 0·65 % abundance after energy restriction. The short duration of energy restriction may explain why few bacterial changes were observed in the obese cats. Additional work is needed to understand how neutering, obesity and weight loss are related to changes in feline microbiota and how these microbial shifts affect host physiology.
40
Gettys, Thomas W. "331 Dietary methionine restriction: an approach to treating obesity that does not involve food restriction." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.120.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Dietary methionine restriction (MR) produces an integrated series of metabolic and physiological responses that develop quickly after introducing the diet. Collectively, these responses to the diet improve many biomarkers of metabolic health. Two prominent physiological responses are increases in energy intake and expenditure, with the larger effect on energy expenditure slowing ongoing fat deposition by increasing the proportion of total energy intake required for maintenance of existing tissue. A significant remaining obstacle in implementing dietary MR in a translational context will be to develop methionine-restricted diets that are palatable to higher metazoans.
41
Koo, Bo Kyung. "Non-pharmacologic treatment for obesity." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 65, no. 7 (2022): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2022.65.7.400.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The prevalence of obesity has been rapidly increasing in the Korean population. Obesity is a well-known risk factor for various chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, degenerative arthritis, and autoimmune diseases. It also increases the risks of different malignancies, gall bladder disease, and pancreatitis.Current Concepts: Lifestyle intervention assisted by frequent behavioral therapy is crucial despite the modest amount of weight loss achieved. Energy intake restriction combined with increased physical activity can not only facilitate weight loss but also improve metabolic health. Furthermore, this combination can help maintain weight reduction during and after lifestyle interventions. Energy intake restriction with a daily deficit of 500–1,000 kcal and physical activity including aerobic exercise for 150 minutes or more per week and resistance training 2–4 times a week are generally recommended for obesity management.Discussion and Conclusion: Comprehensive lifestyle intervention should be individualized and supported by a multidisciplinary team. A long-term behavioral intervention is necessary for success in obesity treatment.
42
Headland, M., E. Pedersen, S. Carter, P. M. Clifton, and J. B. Keogh. "The on/off diet: Effects of week-on, week-off energy restriction compared to continuous energy restriction." Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 4 (June 2016): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnim.2015.12.230.
Full text
43
Putri, Eka Arum Cahyaning, Gosy Endra Vigriawan, Hayuris Kinandita Setiawan, Zulhabri Othman, Yudi Her Oktaviano, and Lilik Herawati. "Effects of intermittent restriction diet and moderate-intensity exercise on the expression of cardiomyocytes in mice with high-glucose loads." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research 12, no. 6 (2024): 1121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.56499/jppres24.2015_12.6.1121.
Full textAbstract:
Context: The prevalence of obesity was 8% in 2002 and increased to 11.5% in 2011 in Indonesia. The results of the 2018 Basic Health Research stated that 13.6% of people over the age of 18 were overweight, and 21.8% were obese. Aims: To analyze the effect of intermittent restriction diet and continuous exercise with moderate intensity on individuals exposed to a high-calorie diet. Methods: A randomized posttest control group design was used as the research design, with 6 mice in each group as the study subjects. The groups in this study were the control group with a high-calorie diet (CON+), the intermittent restriction diet group (IRD), the moderate-intensity continuous exercise group (MEX), the combined intermittent restriction diet group and the moderate-intensity continuous exercise (HYB) group. The measured variables were cardiomyocyte diameter and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) expression. Results: The results of this study were cardiomyocyte diameter CON+ (27.94 ± 5.65 µm), IRD (20.99 ± 11.80 µm), MEX (25.08 ± 9.14 µm), HYB (24.52 ± 5.90 µm) with p=0.578. Expression scores of BNP CON+ (6.00 ± 1.50), IRD (4.67 ± 1.00), MEX (5.42±2.09), HYB (6.27 ± 1.54) with p=0.335. These results showed no significant difference, but the intermittent restriction diet showed the most optimal mean with the lowest mean cardiomyocyte diameter and BNP expression. Conclusions: There was no effect between the combination of an intermittent restriction diet and moderate-intensity continuous exercise on cardiomyocyte diameter and BNP expression. However, there is a potential that an intermittent restriction diet has the optimal effect in preventing changes in the cardiac structure.
44
Covassin, Naima, Prachi Singh, Shelly K. McCrady-Spitzer, et al. "Effects of Experimental Sleep Restriction on Energy Intake, Energy Expenditure, and Visceral Obesity." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 79, no. 13 (2022): 1254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.01.038.
Full text
45
Peos, Jackson, Andrew W. Brown, Colby J. Vorland, David B. Allison, and Amanda Sainsbury. "Contrary to the Conclusions Stated in the Paper, Only Dry Fat-Free Mass Was Different between Groups upon Reanalysis. Comment on: “Intermittent Energy Restriction Attenuates the Loss of Fat-Free Mass in Resistance Trained Individuals. A Randomized Controlled Trial”." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, no. 4 (2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5040085.
Full textAbstract:
Campbell and colleagues recently published a randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of diets involving intermittent energy restriction versus continuous energy restriction on changes in body composition and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in resistance-trained adults[...]
46
Kang, Junren, Xiaodong Shi, Ji Fu, Hailong Li, Enling Ma, and Wei Chen. "Effects of an Intermittent Fasting 5:2 Plus Program on Body Weight in Chinese Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Pilot Study." Nutrients 14, no. 22 (2022): 4734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14224734.
Full textAbstract:
To retrospectively review the efficacy of intermittent fasting 5:2 plus program (30% of energy requirements on fast days and 70% of energy requirements on nonfasting days) in Chinese patients with overweight or obesity. This retrospective cohort study evaluated weight loss outcomes of patients treated with 12 weeks weight loss program in clinic. Adults with overweight or obesity participated in intermittent fasting 5:2 plus, daily calorie restriction (70% of energy requirements every day) or daily calorie restriction with meal replacement (70% of energy requirements every day, partly provided with high-protein meal replacement) programs for 12 weeks. The primary objective was to compare the weight loss of three groups. The primary outcome measure was the change in the % total weight loss. A total of 131 patients (35.3 ± 10.1 years; 81.7% female) were included, and the mean weight loss was 7.8 ± 4.4 % after 12 weeks. The intermittent fasting 5:2 plus group (n = 42) achieved 9.0 ± 5.3 % weight loss, compared with 5.7 ± 3.7 % in the daily calorie restriction group (n = 41) (p < 0.001) and 8.6 ± 3.5 % in the meal replacement group (n = 48) (p = 0.650). A total of 85.7% of patients in the intermittent fasting 5:2 plus group lost more than 5% body weight, vs. 58.5% in the daily calorie restriction group (p = 0.008), and 45.2% lost more than 10% body weight, vs.14.6% in the daily calorie restriction group (p = 0.005). No serious adverse events were reported in the three groups. The intermittent fasting 5:2 plus program more effectively led to weight loss than daily calorie restriction in the short-term in Chinese patients with overweight or obesity. A longer-term prospective randomized controlled trial is needed.
47
Syed-Abdul, Majid Mufaqam. "Relationship between Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity and Diet-Induced Weight Loss." Obesities 2, no. 2 (2022): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/obesities2020013.
Full textAbstract:
The global epidemic of obesity has increased over the past two decades, which has been attributed to a lack of physical activity and increased energy intake. Given the fact that obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, nutritional approaches to prevent cardiovascular diseases often target weight loss. Although many strategies are used to induce weight loss, the most common ones involve either total energy restriction, carbohydrate restriction, or dietary fat restriction. This report addresses the impact of each diet on improving carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, a technique that is used to measure arterial stiffness—a surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease risk. Fourteen studies were included in the analysis and revealed that diet-induced weight-loss plateaus with increasing duration of the intervention (p = 0.174, r = 0.455). Weight loss was significantly associated with a reduction in cf-PWV (p = 0.012, r = 0.591). Further, when macronutrient composition was considered, weight loss was achieved through a low-carbohydrate diet (p = 0.097, r = 0.626), not total energy restriction (p = 0.660, r = 0.204) or low-fat diet (p = 0.142, r = 0.975), tended to reduce cf-PWV. These data suggest that weight loss achieved through a low-carbohydrate diet may have a greater impact on PWV over total energy restriction. More studies are needed to test the effect of weight loss achieved through a low-fat diet on cf-PWV.
48
Semnani-Azad, Zhila, Tauseef A. Khan, Laura Chiavaroli, et al. "Intermittent fasting strategies and their effects on body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials." BMJ 389 (June 18, 2025): e082007. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-082007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objective To assess the effect of intermittent fasting diets, with continuous energy restriction or unrestricted (ad-libitum) diets on intermediate cardiometabolic outcomes from randomised clinical trials. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, Embase, and central databases from inception to 14 November 2024. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Randomised clinical trials comparing the association of intermittent fasting diets (alternate day fasting, time restricted eating, and whole day fasting), continuous energy restriction, and ad-libitum diets were included. Main outcomes Outcomes included body weight (primary) and measures of anthropometry, glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and markers of liver disease. Data synthesis A network meta-analysis based on a frequentist framework was performed with data expressed as mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The certainty of the evidence was assessed using grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). Results 99 randomised clinical trials involving 6582 adults of varying health conditions (720 healthy, 5862 existing health conditions) were identified. All intermittent fasting and continuous energy restriction diet strategies reduced body weight when compared with ad-libitum diet. Compared with continuous energy restriction, alternate day fasting was the only form of intermittent fasting diet strategy to show benefit in body weight reduction (mean difference −1.29 kg (95% CI −1.99 to −0.59), moderate certainty of evidence). Additionally, alternate day fasting showed a trivial reduction in body weight compared with both time restricted eating and whole day fasting (mean difference −1.69 kg (−2.49 to −0.88) and −1.05 kg (−1.90 to −0.19), respectively, both with moderate certainty of evidence). Estimates were similar among trials with less than 24 weeks follow-up (n=76); however, moderate-to-long-term trials (≥24 weeks, n=17) only showed benefits in weight reduction in diet strategies compared with ad-libitum. Furthermore, in comparisons between intermittent fasting strategies, alternate day fasting lowered total cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-high density lipoprotein compared with time restricted eating. Compared with whole day fasting, however, time restricted eating resulted in a small increase in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol. No differences were noted between intermittent fasting, continuous energy restriction, and ad-libitum diets for HbA 1c and high density lipoprotein. Conclusions Minor differences were noted between some intermittent fasting diets and continuous energy restriction, with some benefit of weight loss with alternate day fasting in shorter duration trials. The current evidence provides some indication that intermittent fasting diets have similar benefits to continuous energy restriction for weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors. Longer duration trials are needed to further substantiate these findings. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05309057 .
49
Myrmel, Lene Secher, Kristin Røen Fauske, Even Fjære, et al. "The Impact of Different Animal-Derived Protein Sources on Adiposity and Glucose Homeostasis during Ad Libitum Feeding and Energy Restriction in Already Obese Mice." Nutrients 11, no. 5 (2019): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11051153.
Full textAbstract:
Low-fat diets and energy restriction are recommended to prevent obesity and to induce weight loss, but high-protein diets are popular alternatives. However, the importance of the protein source in obesity prevention and weight loss is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of different animal protein sources to prevent or reverse obesity by using lean or obese C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat/high-protein or low-fat diets with casein, cod or pork as protein sources. Only the high-fat/high-protein casein-based diet completely prevented obesity development when fed to lean mice. In obese mice, ad libitum intake of a casein-based high-fat/high-protein diet modestly reduced body mass, whereas a pork-based high-fat/high-protein diet aggravated the obese state and reduced lean body mass. Caloric restriction of obese mice fed high-fat/high-protein diets reduced body weight and fat mass and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, irrespective of the protein source. Finally, in obese mice, ad libitum intake of a low-fat diet stabilized body weight, reduced fat mass and increased lean body mass, with the highest loss of fat mass found in mice fed the casein-based diet. Combined with caloric restriction, the casein-based low-fat diet resulted in the highest loss of fat mass. Overall, the dietary protein source has greater impact in obesity prevention than obesity reversal.
50
Siedler, Madelin, Megan Lewis, Eric Trexler, et al. "The Effects of Intermittent Diet Breaks during 25% Energy Restriction on Body Composition and Resting Metabolic Rate in Resistance-Trained Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Human Kinetics 86, no. 1 (2023): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/jhk/159960.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on body composition, resting metabolic rate, and eating behaviors in resistance-trained females. Thirty-eight resistance-trained females (mean ± standard deviation age: 22.3±4.2 years) were randomized to receive either six weeks of a continuous 25% reduction in energy intake (n= 18), or one week of energy balance after every two weeks of 25% energy restriction (eight weeks total; n= 20). Participants were instructed to ingest 1.8 g protein/kilogram bodyweight per day and completed three weekly supervised resistance training sessions throughout the intervention. There were no differences between groups for changes over time in body composition, resting metabolic rate, or seven of the eight measured eating behavior variables (p > 0.05). However, a significant group-by-time interaction for disinhibition (p < 0.01) from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire was observed, with values (± standard error) in the continuous group increasing from 4.91 ± 0.73 to 6.17 ± 0.71, while values in the intermittent group decreased from 6.80 ± 0.68 to 6.05 ± 0.68. Thus, diet breaks do not appear to induce improvements in body composition or metabolic rate in comparison with continuous energy restriction over six weeks of dieting, but may be employed for those who desire a short-term break from an energy-restricted diet without fear of fat regain. While diet breaks may reduce the impact of prolonged energy restriction on measures of disinhibition, they also require a longer time period that may be less appealing for some individuals.