Relevant bibliographies by topics / Continuous furnaces

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Continuous furnaces'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Continuous furnaces"

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Odilov, Furkat, and Farrukhjon Abdullaev. "Improving The Technology Of Continuous Casting Of Steel Castings." American Journal of Engineering And Techonology 03, no. 04 (2021): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume03issue04-17.

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This article describes the quality and cost-effectiveness of converting steels by melting them in electric arc furnaces. In addition, the technology of continuous casting of cast products in the furnace with the help of ferroalloys, followed by various equipment.
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Dmitriev, Andrey N., Yu A. Chesnokov, K. Chen, O. Yu Ivanov, and M. O. Zolotykh. "New Monitoring System of Firebrick Lining Deterioration of Blast Furnace Devil in Metallurgical Plants of China." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.939.

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The mathematical description and the computer program Devil Erosion of calculation the two-dimensional temperature fields in any vertical and horizontal section of the blast furnace hearth are developed. Calculation is carry out the decision of the equations of heat conductivity with use of indications of the big number of sensing transducers of temperature (to 1000), built in the furnaces firebrick lining between the firebrick blocks. The continuous control of the temperature change in each point allows to define the remained thickness the firebrick lining and to warn, in case of need, the furnace personnel about the beginning of the firebrick lining erosion. The continuous control of change of temperature in the firebrick lining is made on the basis of mathematical model. The system of collecting, processing and transfer information from sensing transducers of temperature or thermal streams in a program database Devil Erosion is used. Programs are installed on blast furnaces of Chinese National Republic: Jinan, Jiyuan and Liuzhou Iron and Steel Works.
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Hassan, Alaa A., and Mohamed S. Hamed. "Modeling of Heat Treatment of Randomly Distributed Loads in Multi-Zone Continuous Furnaces." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.289.

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A model for the heat treatment of randomly distributed metal parts processed in multi-zone continuous mesh-belt furnaces has been developed. The model accounts for the heat transfer by convection and radiation to the load and the belt. The effect of gas radiation due to the presence of CO2 and/or H2O gases in the furnace atmosphere has been accounted for. The effect of conduction, convection, and radiation within the parts has been considered. The effective thermal properties of the load have been calculated using a new model developed for randomly distributed parts. The effective thermal properties model has been developed using experimental data obtained from transient experiments carried out at the Thermal Processing Laboratory (TPL) of McMaster University. The continuous furnace model is capable of predicting temperature distribution within the load and the belt. It has been validated using real-life data obtained from test runs carried out at two heat treatment facilities in Ontario, Canada. The effects of load density, load emissivity and belt speed on furnace productivity have been investigated using the present continuous furnace model.
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Bogatova, M. Zh, and S. I. Chibizova. "Statistical modeling of temperature operating modes of heating furnaces for hot strip mills." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 5 (2021): 374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-5-374-381.

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The article provides a method of mathematical modeling to improve temperature operating modes of heating furnaces for hot strip mills. The object of the research is the thermal operation of a continuous walking beam furnace for heating slabs before rolling. The subject of the research is statistical modeling of metal heating in furnaces of this type. The creation of a statistical model consists of factors selection, construction of regression model, correlation analysis and assessment of the variables significance, adjustment of factors and obtaining regression equations. The main part of the research refers to a statistical model based on a comprehensive analysis. This model is based on the results of 15 automated industrial experiments on Russian heating furnaces of hot strip mills and describes the heating process in walking-beam furnace with acceptable accuracy. The adaptation of the statistical model and error calculation has been carried out. The article contains graphs comparing real temperatures and temperatures calculated on the basis of mathematical and statistical models for one of the experiments. The main conclusions are formulated based on the results of the research done. For the first time in metallurgical practice, a statistical model has been developed that describes the process of metal heating in a five-zone continuous furnace with eight heating subzones. Since the regression function is defined, interpreted and justified, and the assessment of the accuracy of the regression analysis meets the requirements, it can be assumed that the model and predicted values have sufficient reliability.
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Steinboeck, A., D. Wild, and A. Kugi. "Feedback Tracking Control of Continuous Reheating Furnaces." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1 (2011): 11744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.01639.

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Steinboeck, A., D. Wild, and A. Kugi. "Energy-Efficient Control of Continuous Reheating Furnaces." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 46, no. 16 (2013): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20130825-4-us-2038.00007.

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Yıldız, Ersin, Altuğ Melik Başol, and M. Pınar Mengüç. "Segregated modeling of continuous heat treatment furnaces." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 249 (July 2020): 106993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.106993.

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Naizabekov, A. B., V. A. Talmyazan, and N. V. Akhmetgalina. "Simulation of slab heating in continuous furnaces." Steel in Translation 40, no. 6 (2010): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091210060161.

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Bach, Friedrich Wilhelm, Kai Möhwald, and Ulrich Holländer. "Physico-Chemical Aspects of Surface Activation during Fluxless Brazing in Shielding-Gas Furnaces." Key Engineering Materials 438 (May 2010): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.438.73.

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Continuous process brazing in shielding-gas furnaces is tailor-made for manufacturing mass production components by means of brazing technology. Which brazing tasks can actually be carried out by a shielding-gas furnace, depend on many ancillary conditions. In particular these are, besides the component size and joint geometry, the base materials and brazing filler metals as well as the material specific process parameters which are to be maintained in a continuous furnace in order that a process assured brazing can be guaranteed. In this context, the activation of the component's surfaces play a central role for wetting with the braze melt. Within the scope of this contribution, the variables and ancillary conditions concerning this matter are presented and discussed using the brazing process on stainless steels as an example.
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Roberts, P., L. Els, and G. Kornelius. "Design considerations for a continuous emission measurement system for pressure type bag houses." Clean Air Journal 24, no. 2 (2014): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/caj/2014/24/2.7067.

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Measurement of the outlet particulate concentration on pressure-type bag filters, whether intermittent or continuous, has been avoided in South Africa as cumbersome and possibly inaccurate. A system based on the requirements of the US EPA’s method 5D was however recently designed and installed on three pressure-type reverse air filters serving ferro-chrome electric arc furnaces in order to allow comparison with the legal emission concentration limits for this type of furnace. This paper reports on the design considerations and design process of this system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Continuous furnaces"

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Dahlqvist, v. "Increase the capacityof continuous annealing furnaces at Ovako." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-161909.

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The capacity of soft annealing of low alloyed tubes at Ovako’s continuous annealing furnaces have been evaluated by comparing how it is done today with information from published and internal articles on the subject. It was found that it is possible to reduce the cycle time by 30 % for one furnace, 55 % for one furnace and 72 % for two furnaces. Two separate fullscale tests were made to assess whether the faster soft annealing procedure was feasible. The tests were performed without any reconstruction of the furnace and were made by continuously vary the speed of the batch inside thefurnace. The temperature in the batch was measured and compared with results from computer simulations of the heating/cooling sequences. The computer simulations were performed in COMSOL. The soft annealing was evaluated according to the SEP-520 standard ,which means evaluating the microstructure and hardness. The results show that the faster heat treatment could yield lower grades than today but still meet it’s requirements. In order to achieve this increase  a reconstruction of the furnaces is needed and the reconstruction is  briefly treated in the report. Ideas to further increase the speed of the soft annealing procedure are also presented.
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Fong, Douglas S. 1970. "Evaluation of continuous batch processing for vertical diffusion furnaces." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50399.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-69).
by Douglas S. Fong.
M.S.
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Zareba, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Modeling, parameter estimation, and optimization of continuous annealing furnaces in strip rolling lines / Sebastian Zareba." Aachen : Shaker, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138178756/34.

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Björn, Linnéa, and Malin Forslin. "Continuous Measurements of the Pig-Iron Temperature." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101757.

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This report is about continuous temperature measurements of pig-iron at tapping from blast furnace 2 in Oxelösund, SSAB. Nowadays the temperature is only checked once at every tapping. The purpose of this project is to see if the process stability increases by continuously knowing the temperature and to compare the costs of this new technique with the technique used today. Possible savings due to less consumption of coke/coal if the silicon amount and the temperature are closer to their aim values will be regarded and if as little steam consumption as possible are used. The process stability can be divided into different sub goals. The ordinary measuring techniques were investigated as a part of the main goal; such as the ordinary measured temperature, the pig-iron and slag samples. The new continuous temperature measuring technique was compared with the ordinary temperature measurement and investigations of the life length were done. How representative the pig-iron and slag samples are, when taking them at the time they are today, are also looked into. The continuous measured temperature showed around 0,37 % higher temperature than the ordinary measured temperature. The pig-iron and slag samples should be taken as they are today, for mainly safety aspects. By using continuous temperature measurement, some of the sub goals can be achieved for a more stable process. The economy on the other hand has shown that large savings can be done by using this continuous temperature method due to a more stable process. This is mainly because of a decrease in steam usage in the experimental period. By regarding only the material of the methods the continuous temperature equipment is a bit more expensive, but the savings are much larger so the continuous temperature method is beneficial. With time this method could probably improve the process stability even more since the operators will deal with the information and the probe better.
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Zhang, Yanjun. "Scrap melting in a continuous process rotary melting furnace." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31195.

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Based on the preliminary modeling study, an improved heat-transfer model has been developed in this study to further examine the viability of the oxy-fuel-fired continuous process rotary melting furnace (CPRMF) as a replacement of the electric arc furnace (EAF) in minimill steelmaking. The model treats the furnace as three domains: the freeboard space, the liquid metal bath and slag, and the refractory structure. Based on certain physical correct assumptions for the gas flow and combustion patterns, radiative exchange within the freeboard is solved by the zone method in combination with a clear-plus-3-gray emissivity/absorptivity model for the gas phase thus the model allows axial temperature variations in the gas phase and the refractory hot-face. Assuming an isothermal metal bath condition, heat transfer to the exposed bath is simplified by a specified temperature difference between the slag/freeboard and slag/metal interfaces, while regenerative heat transfer to the covered bath is calculated using the local refractory temperature and the local heat-transfer coefficients. The refractory structure is solved by 1-D transient conduction in the radial direction. The three domains are linked by shared boundary conditions and the requirement that the furnace itself operates at steady-state. The model was partially validated using experimental results from copper melting trials on a bench-scale CPRMF, which was designed and constructed as a part of work in this study. The trials explored two operating variables, i.e., oxygen and slag. Both experimental and model results indicate an increase in furnace thermal efficiency with increasing oxygen enrichment in the combustion air and a decrease in the efficiency with increasing slag thickness. The partially validated model was then employed to evaluate the commercial viability of the CPRMF. According to the model predictions, a melting rate in the order of 100 ton h⁻¹ can be achieved by a 4 m ID x 16 m furnace with a natural gas firing rate of 6000 Nm³ h⁻¹. Under the baseline conditions, the furnace thermal efficiency is 66%. Without scrap preheating, this configuration consumes less direct energy at 619 kWh t⁻¹ than the typical EAF (662 kWh t⁻¹) and can save at-source energy by about 45%.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Materials Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Lu, Yu-Chiao. "Design of Bridgman unidirectional solidification furnace." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-261191.

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The thesis work consists of two parts. First, the development of two-dimensional numerical models of a Bridgman unidirectional solidification furnace, and second, the construction work of the furnace at KTH. The aim is to build a Bridgman furnace which is capable of close control over temperature gradient and growth rate such that the solidification structures of a duplex stainless steel (SAF2507) could be replicated at a laboratory scale for different cooling rates.Two numerical models of Bridgman furnace are created using COMSOL Multiphysics. The models are used as predictive tools to simulate the locations of solidification front and the temperature gradients at the solidification fronts, which are parameters difficult to access during experiments. Different hot zone temperatures of the furnace (1500~1550 °C) and different sample pulling rates (0.5~10 mm/s) are studied in simulations. The major finding from modeled results is that the temperature gradient of the sample at the solidification fronts range from 5 ~ 17 K/mm, which are lower than the furnace temperature gradient of ~50 K/mm. The corresponding steady-state cooling rates range between 5 ~ 85 K/s. The next step is to validate the models with experimental temperature profiles of the furnace, and decide whether the furnace design should be modified to achieve the cooling rates of interests.
Examensarbetet består av två delar. Först utvecklingen av tvådimensionella numeriska modeller av en Bridgman enkelriktad stelningsugn, och för det andra konstruktionsarbetet för ugnen vid KTH. Syftet är att bygga en Bridgman-ugn som har förmåga att kontrollera temperaturgradienten och tillväxthastigheten så att stelningsstrukturerna i ett duplex-rostfritt stål (SAF2507) skulle kunna replikeras i laboratorieskala för olika kylningshastigheter. Två numeriska modeller av Bridgman-ugnen skapas med COMSOL Multiphysics. Modellerna används som prediktiva verktyg för att simulera placeringen av stelningsfronten och temperaturgradienterna vid stelningsfronterna, vilket är parametrar som är svåra att komma åt under experiment. Olika varmzonstemperaturer i ugnen (1500~1550 °C) och olika provdragningshastigheter (0.5~10 mm/s) studeras i simuleringar. Det viktigaste fyndet från modellerade resultat är att provets temperaturgradient vid stelningsfronterna sträcker sig från 5 ~17 K/mm, vilket är lägre än ugns temperaturgradient på ~ 50 K/mm. Motsvarande stabilitetskylningshastigheter varierar mellan 5 ~ 85 K/s. Nästa steg är att validera modellerna med experimentella temperaturprofiler för ugnen och bestämma om ugnsutformningen ska modifieras för att uppnå intressens kylningshastigheter.
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MACHADO, ADELMO CRESPO. "NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF A STEEL RIBBON SUBJECTED TO HEATING IN A CONTINUOUS FURNACE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1989. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=20519@1.

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Na presente tese, a equação de energia é resolvida para uma tira de aço bi-dimensional que se move com velocidade constante através de um forno contínuo e é submetida a várias condições diferentes de radiação de convecção. As equações de discretização foram obtidas utilizando a técnica de diferenças finitas com enfoque em volume de controle. O conjunto destas equações indicou os sete parâmetros adimensionais do problema. Por se tratar de uma equação elíptica, a solução foi inicialmente encaminhada para a determinação dos comprimentos de tira antes e após o forno, além dos quais desapareceria o efeito da condução de calor axial no interior da tira. Os resultados mostraram a possibilidade de substituição da condição de contorno após o forno, passando-se então a considerar uma seção transversal da tira situada próxima à saída do forno. A nova condição de contorno foi estabelecida por um balanço de fluxos de calor por condução, convecção e emissão radiativa na referida seção da tira. A partir da análise de influência de cada parâmetro adimensional sobre a distribuição e temperatura da tira, foram selecionados como mais importantes o número de Peclet relativo à taxa de produção do forno, o parâmetro de radiação incidente relativo ao consumo de combustível e parâmetro geométrico que exprime a razão entre as dimensões da tira. Uma análise da eficiência na transferência de calor foi então realizada, avaliando os citados parâmetros diante dos requisitos de obtenção de uma determinada temperatura média da tira e de uma elevada homogeneidade de temperatura em sua reação transversal localizada próxima à saída do forno. Ao promover-se a divisão do forno em três zonas e a adoção de diferentes fluxos de radiação incidente, foi possível simular situações operacionais típicas que ocorrem nos fornos de reaquecimento de placas de uma usina siderúrgica e efetuar comparações com dados disponíveis em literatura.
In the present thesis the energy equation is solved for the temperature distribution in a two dimensional steel strip, which moves with Constant velocity through a furnace and is submited to several different radiation and convection fluxes. Steady state conditions are supposed to exist, if the reference frame is attached to the furnace walls. Thus, one more term arises in the energy equation to take into account the strip movement. The non-linearity of the problem is restricted to the radiation boundary conditions. The discretized algebraic equations are set up, utilizing a finite difference, scheme with the control volume approach. The complete set of equations has shown that there are seven non-dimensional parameters to be specified. Due to the elliptic nature of the equation, it was stabilished that at some distance before and after the furnace, the axial heat conduction in the strip would vanish. A first attempt was done in order to find these distances. The results have shown that the boundary condition after the furnace, the axial heat conduction in the strip would vanish. A first attempt was done in order to find these distances. The results have shown that the boundary condition after the furnace could be substituted, taking a section of the strip closer to the furnace outlet and simply stating the heat flux balance in terms of conduction, convection and radiant emission, considering that this is an end of the strip. Examining the resultant temperature profiles and the heat exchanged by the strip, the influence of each non-dimensional parameter was investigated. Three of them are believed to be the more important: the péciét number related to the furnace rate of production, the incident radiation parameter related to the rate of fuel consumption and the geometrical aspect ratio of the strip. A thermal abalysis of the furnace was then carried out, in order to achieve prescribed data on averade temperature of the strip at the furnace outlet, degree od temperature homogenelty in the strip and heat transfer efficiency. To make a more realistic simulation of the furnace, it was also subdivided into three cones of different incident radiation fluxes and then typical operational situations could be reproduced, as they usually occur in slab reheating furnaces. These simulations were compared with data available in the literature, showing a reasonable qualitative accordance with them.
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Vanhatalo, Erik. "Contributions to the use of designed experiments in continuous processes : a study of blast furnace experiments." Licentiate thesis, Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2007/66/.

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Shinohara, Asako. "Continuous and discrete model-based robust controllers with application to an electric arc furnace cooling system." Thesis, Coventry University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369973.

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James, William. "Operational aspects, failures and design of radiant tube heater systems in a continuous strip annealing furnace." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/15076/.

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The focus of this Engineering Doctorate Thesis is the investigation into how the radiant tubes installed in the Continuous Annealing Process Line (CAPL) at Port Talbot steel works were failing and what measures could be taken to improve tube life. Radiant tube replacement and associated maintenance costs were one of CAPL’s biggest annual expenditures, with on average 33 tubes changed every year. Tube longevity was as low as 4 years in the hotter furnace zones, while in comparison, the cooler regions of the furnace had all original tubes still in operation after 12 years of service. A benchmarking process identified that most annealing furnaces were replacing on average 10% of total furnace tubes per year, while tube designs varied according to furnace manufacturer and tube supplier. Segal Galvanising line in Belgium, replaced the least amount at approximately 8.5%, through increasing material grades and subtle design changes Temperature analysis of the furnace at CAPL, highlighted that tube temperatures reached above 1000ºC with differentials of up to 75ºC across tube length in normal operation. Analysis of failed material identified that the tubes had been subjected to excessively high temperatures, which affected the microstructure and properties of the material, resulting in cracking failures at the end of the firing leg. Stress analysis showed that tube life was in the region of 4 years with current designs and maximum temperatures of 1000ºC. Installation of expansion bellows and increasing material grade resulted in longevity of the tube to increase by over double. Improvements have been made to the tube design and material specification throughout the project, with further changes employed in trial tubes, currently in use at CAPL furnace, with the aim of confirming theory discussed in this thesis and improving tube longevity.
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Books on the topic "Continuous furnaces"

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Andreev, Andreĭ Dmitrievich. Plavka ali︠u︡minievykh splavov v shakhtnykh pechakh. "Metallurgii︠a︡", 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Continuous furnaces"

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Tassot, Patrick, Jörg Fernau, and Hugues Lemaistre. "Energy Savings and Improvement of Productivity in Continuous Reheating Furnaces." In Proceedings of the Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR 2013). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118837009.ch65.

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Vodak, Peter. "Continuous Measurement of Furnace Moisture." In 67th Porcelain Enamel Institute Technical Forum: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 26, Number 9. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470291290.ch15.

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Björklund, Peter, Mikko Korpi, David Grimsey, and Miikka Marjakoski. "Continuous Improvement of Process Advisor Optimizing Furnace Model." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65647-8_22.

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Toulouevski, Yuri N., and Ilyaz Y. Zinurov. "Modern EAFs and Technology of the Heat with Continuous Charging of Scrap into Flat Bath." In Electric Arc Furnace with Flat Bath. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15886-0_1.

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Berroth, Karl, Rolf Wagner, and Heinz U. Kessel. "Continuous Sintering Furnace for Non Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites." In High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527605622.ch56.

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Simpson, Neil G., Mark Bennett, and S. Fiona Turner. "Use of Continuous Infrared Temperature Image to Optimize Furnace Operations." In 78th Conference on Glass Problems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119519713.ch5.

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Ta, Yasutaka, Hiroyuki Tobo, Hisahiro Matsunaga, and Keiji Watanabe. "Development of Continuous Blast Furnace Slag Solidification Process for Coarse Aggregates." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72138-5_3.

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Hundermark, Rodney, Quintin van Rooyen, Paul van Manen, Chris Steyn, Afshin Sadri, and David Chataway. "Development of Continuous Radar Level Measurement for Improved Furnace Feed Control." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_23.

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He, Mingsheng, Guohua Xie, Xuecheng Gong, Wangzhi Zhou, Jing Zhang, and Jian Xu. "Buildup Formation Mechanism of Carbon Sleeve in Continuous Annealing Furnace for Silicon Steel." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72484-3_40.

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Li, Yang Long, Shun Ming Liu, Da Wei Hou, Wei Guo, Hui Wang, and Meng Yu. "Stress Analysis and Structure Optimization of W-Shaped Radiant Tube in Continuous Annealing Furnace." In TMS 2019 148th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05861-6_104.

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Conference papers on the topic "Continuous furnaces"

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Steinboeck, Andreas, and Andreas Kugi. "Optimized pacing of continuous reheating furnaces." In 2013 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2013.6669132.

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Bernard, Benjamin T. "Techniques and Equipment Types to Harden Gears." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021exabp0009.

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Abstract Material science and thermodynamics are applied in heat treating to achieve mechanical performance in gears. The technique includes part design, fixturing, and process development. Different furnaces may offer unique advantages, like minimizing part distortion, while operating and maintenance costs vary greatly for hardening furnaces. The challenge is to understand which furnace type can most effectively process the gear design and material grade. Protective-atmosphere furnace solutions are well-suited for hardening of gears. The process techniques include gas or vacuum carburizing, carbonitriding, and neutral hardening in a carbon-based atmosphere or in a vacuum. This paper will discuss vacuum, controlled atmosphere, and hybrid furnace types highlighting available processes while sharing respective associated operation and maintenance costs. Batch integral quench (BIQ) furnaces will be the base case for comparison, as they comprise the largest installed base for gear heat treatment. While a discussion of when to consider continuous atmosphere furnace equipment by defining what is high production versus today’s BIQ furnace capacities for gear heat treatment.
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Siddiqui, Faizan P., Kaan Meneksedag, Altug M. Basol, and M. Pinar Menguc. "SEGREGATED APPROACH FOR THE MODELING OF CONTINUOUS HEAT TREATMENT FURNACES." In Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Radiative Transfer, RAD-19. Begellhouse, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/rad-19.90.

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4

Lille, Simon, Wlodzimierz Blasiak, Magnus Mo¨rtberg, Tomasz Dobski, and Weihong Yang. "Heat Flux Evaluation in a Test Furnace Equipped With High Temperature Air Combustion (HTAC) Technique." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26031.

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High Temperature Air Combustion has already been applied in various industrial furnaces. Steel producers use most of the revamped furnaces. These are: • Batch and continuous heating furnaces in which HRS burners with open flames were used, • Batch and continuous heat treatment furnaces in which HRS burners with radiant tubes were used. Apart from steel industry the HTAC systems were applied to melt aluminium or to incinerate odour, vapour gases for example in pulp and paper industry. In all these applications very high fuel savings (sometimes as high as 60%), reduction of NOx and production increase (by 20–50%) was achieved. Progress in applications of the HTAC increased also needs of more information and data required by furnace and process designers. For this reason study in larger scale where at least one set of regenerative burner systems is installed are very much needed. Aim of such studies is not only to verify furnace performance with respect to the known general advantages of HTAC but are focused on specific problems related to furnace and high-cycle regenerative burners operation, process and product properties or type of fuels used. Parallel to the semi-industrial tests numerical models of furnaces have to be developed and verified. In this work, mainly results of heat flux measurements as well as results of numerical modeling of heat transfer in the HTAC test furnace are presented. Results were obtained for propane combustion at firing rate equal to 200 kW. The general code, STAR-CD, was employed in this work to analyse the HTAC test furnace numerically. HTAC test furnace at Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) with capacity of 200 kW was used in this work. The furnace is equipped with two different high-cycle regenerative systems (HRS). In both systems the “honeycomb” regenerator is used. The two-burner system is made of two pairs (four burners) of high cycle-regenerative burners with switching time between 10 and 40 seconds. HTAC test furnace is equipped with four air-cooled tubes to take away heat from the furnace. The total radiative heat flux measured in the HTAC furnace shows very uniform distribution over the whole combustion chamber. For total radiative heat flux, the values are in the range of 110–130 kW/m2 as measured by means of the total radiative heat flow meter at the furnace temperature 1100 C. Average total radiation flux on the top furnace wall is as high as 245.5 kW/m2 as well as total incident radiation flux. Total radiation heat flux on the air-cooled tube surface is very uniform along and around the tubes. Average radiant heat flux taken away by air cool tube is 35.46 kW/m2.
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Fedorov, Sergey S., Mykhailo V. Gubynskyi, Igor V. Barsukov, Mykola V. Livitan, Oleksiy G. Gogotsi, and Upendra Singh Rohatgi. "Modeling the Operation Regimes in Ultra-High Temperature Continuous Reactors." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-22161.

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The main advantage of carbon material treatment in electro-thermal furnaces with fluidized bed [EFFB] at 2000–3000C is that they allow producing graphite of high chemical purity, which is especially important in manufacture of ion-lithium batteries. The team conducted extensive research into hydraulic and heat modes of such units and developed a methodology for their design based on the concept of increase in electric resistance with fluidization. The choice of the working space configuration and the operation mode of EFFB are largely determined by the specific electrical resistance [SER] of the fluidized bed. This parameter is a complex function of a number of factors: fluidization character, uniformity of the bed and the temperature, nature and size of the material fractions, current density and furnace atmosphere composition. It is vital to take into account relationships between SER, working temperature T and current density i, which eventually define electrothermal mode of the unit operation. Thus, if graphite size is d = 130μm within temperature range T = 0–2500C and current density i = 0,004–1.0 A/cm2, SER varies in reverse proportion to these parameters Statistic processing of the experimental data allowed to obtain regressive function SER = f (i, t), which we used as the basis of mathematic modeling, heat balance calculation and predicting transitory and operation modes of EFFB with 10kg/hour productivity: SER=0.01.84.711-2.,593*10-2.T-46.854*i+1.205*10-2.T*i,Ω-m′ Resulting volt-ampere characteristics (VACs) of the furnace have maximum values at constant temperature (T = const) which is explained by the non-linear character of the SER function. There exists a technological temperature limit of EFFB responsible for its stable operation. The furnace operation beyond the stability margin depends on the power source characteristics which may cause a sharp power drop or a shorting. The VAC characteristics are determined by the type of material, geometry of the furnace working space, electrode diameter, active zone height, the gap between the electrode and the lining, design of heat insulation and the cooling system. Taking these parameters into consideration, it is possible to conduct a preliminary analysis of the unit stable operation modes as early as during the design stage.
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Carroll, B., S. Kharkovsky, R. Zoughi, R. Limmer, Donald O. Thompson, and Dale E. Chimenti. "FREQUENCY-MODULATED CONTINUOUS-WAVE (FM-CW) RADAR FOR EVALUATION OF REFRACTORY STRUCTURES USED IN GLASS MANUFACTURING FURNACES." In REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3114260.

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7

Malikov, German, Vladimir Lisienko, Yuri Malikov, Yaroslav Chudnovsky, and Raymond Viskanta. "A Coupled Solution Procedure for Zonal Radiative and Convective Heat Transfer in 3-D Enclosures With Blockages and Screens." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43154.

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A new 3D method of modeling convective-diffusive (CDT) heat transfer and zonal radiation transfer (ZRT) employing different calculation schemes and multi-scale curvilinear grids is presented. The coarse multiblock unstructured grid calculation domain allows use of a conservative and an accurate zonal radiation transfer method with only modest computational effort that requires only a small fraction of total processor CPU time. The blockages (e.g., bars in a furnace) and screens have their own very coarse grids. This reduces the time for defining their intersections with rays. Structured fine grid is used for convective-diffusive (CDT) calculations. The main difficulty (i.e., in coupling between CDT and ZRT numerical computations) is successfully overcome using a simple algorithm. The zonal radiation transfer method is based on a fast algorithm for calculating view factors and total exchange areas. The present approach is fast, efficient and accurate for gas fired furnaces and complex internal configurations of the work pieces with many blockages and screens. The utility of the method is demonstrated by calculating the heating of a hundred round metal bars arranged in a continuous natural gas fired furnace. Good agreement between calculations and industrial experiments is demonstrated.
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More, Karren L., Peter F. Tortorelli, and Larry R. Walker. "Verification of an EBC’s Protective Capability by First-Stage Evaluation in a High Temperature, High-Pressure Furnace." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38923.

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High-temperature, high-pressure exposure furnaces (commonly referred to as Keiser Rigs) have been used successfully to evaluate the ability of environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) on continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites and monolithic Si3N4 to protect the underlying substrate at high temperatures and H2O pressures. The ORNL rig provides for a relatively inexpensive way to conduct high sample throughput, first-stage evaluation of an EBCs protective capability on small ceramic specimens under a range of temperatures, pressures, and H2O contents. The exposure of the EBCs in the Keiser Rig is coupled with extensive microstructural analysis to evaluate EBC failure and degradation mechanisms.
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Dallaire, S., and H. Levert. "Erosion Resistance of Arc Sprayed Coatings to Iron Ore at 25°C and 330°C." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0065.

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Abstract Iron ore pellets are sintered and reduced in continuous large industrial oil-fired furnaces. From the furnace, large volumes of hot gas are sucked by powerful fans. Being exposed to gas-borne iron particles and temperatures ranging between 125°C and 328°C fan components are rapidly deteriorated. Extensive part repair or replacement are required for maintaining a profitable operation. The arc spraying technique has been suggested for repair provided it could produce erosion resistant coatings. Commercial wires were arc sprayed using various spray parameters to produce thick coatings. Arc-sprayed coatings and reference specimens were erosion tested at 25°C and 330°C and impact angles of 25° and 90° in a laboratory gas-blast erosion rig. This device was designed to impact materials with coarse (32 -300 μm) iron ore particles at a speed of 100 m/s. The volume loss was accurately measured with a laser profilometer. Few arc sprayed coatings exhibited erosion resistance comparable with structural steel at low impact angles. Erosion of arc sprayed coatings and reference specimens dramatically increases at 330°C for both 25° and 90° impact angles. Erosion-enhanced oxidation was found responsible for the increase in wastage above room temperature. Though arc spraying can be appropriate for on-site repair, the development of erosion resistant coatings is required for intermediate temperatures.
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Azzazy, Salah E., Russell D. Cochran, and Larry Sam Cox. "Bull Run Fossil Plant: Technical Design Methods for Superheat Pendant Outlet Headers Replacement." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27007.

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Bull Run Unit 1, rated at 950 MW, is the first of four fossil supercritical power plants at Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The unit went into commercial operation in 1967. The boiler (consists of two furnaces) built by Combustion Engineering (CE) has a radiant reheat twin divided furnace with tangential-fired coal burners. The unit’s maximum continuous rating (MCR) is 6,400,000 lbs/hr of main steam flow, with a design temperature of 1003°F and pressure of 3840 psig. Through the end of 2008, the unit had a total of approximately 670 cumulative starts and 333,185 operating hours. After years of numerous tube cracks at the Superheat Pendant Outlet Header/Tube Nozzles resulting in repetitive forced plant shutdowns, TVA decided to replace the two Outlet Headers (one for each furnace) in Fall 2008 during a reliability outage. Since the entire Main Steam piping system was installed with cold pull at almost every longitudinal pipe segment, the main challenge from the engineering mechanics point of view was how to restrain the piping system especially at the Crossover Outlet Links inside each furnace Penthouse. Further constructability reviews indicated that there were not enough adjacent steel frames inside each furnace to restrain the four Crossover Outlet Links in the three global directions during the Outlet Headers replacement inside each Penthouse. The only existing steel above the Crossover Outlet Links is embedded in asbestos insulation, and the removal of the insulation to provide access for the temporary restraints was determined to be costly and time consuming. The insulation removal would have also caused the scheduled outage to be extended significantly and unrealistically. After careful assessment, technical evaluation, and several constructability reviews; it was decided to take an unconventional approach for relieving the inherent cold pull in three global directions by cutting the four Mixing Headers outside each furnace. In addition, the concept of installing several temporary restraints was utilized for the vertical and lateral directions inside the furnace Penthouse, as well as several others outside the Boiler to control the piping configuration of the four Mixing Headers. This approach achieved two purposes: 1- relieving the inherent cold pulls in three global directions and 2- controlling the four Outlet Links pipe end positions with respect to the new Superheat Pendant Outlet Header nozzles. This unconventional method used to relieve the piping cold pull from outside the Boilers, to control the Outlet Links movements inside the Boiler Penthouses, and to restrain the entire Main Steam piping system was successfully developed and implemented in the Fall 2008 reliability outage to replace the two Superheat Pendant Outlet Headers. This unconventional method is described in this paper.
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Reports on the topic "Continuous furnaces"

1

Wong, J. K., G. N. Banks, and H. Whaley. Combustion evaluation of Canadian occidental water continuous emulsions in CCRL's pilot-scale combustion furnaces. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304457.

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2

Srinivasan, M. N. Continuous austempering fluidized bed furnace. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/532525.

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