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Journal articles on the topic 'Continuous partial attention'
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1
Fırat, Mehmet, and Ulaş İlic. "Relationship Between Self-Control and Continuous Partial Attention: Case of Prospective Teachers." International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 7, no. 3 (September 12, 2020): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.03.004.
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Pollett, P. K. "Preserving partial balance in continuous-time Markov chains." Advances in Applied Probability 19, no. 2 (June 1987): 431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1427426.
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Recently a number of authors have considered general procedures for coupling stochastic systems. If the individual components of a system, when considered in isolation, are found to possess the simplifying feature of either reversibility, quasireversibility or partial balance they can be coupled in such a way that the equilibrium analysis of the system is considerably simpler than one might expect in advance. In particular the system usually exhibits a product-form equilibrium distribution and this is often insensitive to the precise specification of the individual components. It is true, however, that certain kinds of components lose their simplifying feature if the specification of the coupling procedure changes. From a practical point of view it is important, therefore, to determine if, and then under what conditions, the revelant feature is preserved.In this paper we obtain conditions under which partial balance in a component is preserved and these often amount to the requirement that there exists a quantity which is unaffected by the internal workings of the component in question. We give particular attention to the components of a stratified clustering process as these most often suffer from loss of partial balance.
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Pollett, P. K. "Preserving partial balance in continuous-time Markov chains." Advances in Applied Probability 19, no. 02 (June 1987): 431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000186780001661x.
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Recently a number of authors have considered general procedures for coupling stochastic systems. If the individual components of a system, when considered in isolation, are found to possess the simplifying feature of either reversibility, quasireversibility or partial balance they can be coupled in such a way that the equilibrium analysis of the system is considerably simpler than one might expect in advance. In particular the system usually exhibits a product-form equilibrium distribution and this is often insensitive to the precise specification of the individual components. It is true, however, that certain kinds of components lose their simplifying feature if the specification of the coupling procedure changes. From a practical point of view it is important, therefore, to determine if, and then under what conditions, the revelant feature is preserved. In this paper we obtain conditions under which partial balance in a component is preserved and these often amount to the requirement that there exists a quantity which is unaffected by the internal workings of the component in question. We give particular attention to the components of a stratified clustering process as these most often suffer from loss of partial balance.
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Dewan, Pauline. "Reading in the Age of Continuous Partial Attention: Retail-Inspired Ideas for Academic Libraries." Reference & User Services Quarterly 58, no. 3 (June 22, 2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.58.3.7045.
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Reading is an essential skill that improves with practice, not just when we are learning to read but as adults. College students may be out of the habit of reading except for required texts. Deep reading skills may be eroded by habits of interrupted and partial attention. This article explores ways to promote reading among college students through the implementation of best practices from retail and marketing.
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Tu, Shen, Jerwen Jou, Qian Cui, Guang Zhao, Kangcheng Wang, Glenn Hitchman, Jiang Qiu, and Qinglin Zhang. "Category-selective attention interacts with partial awareness processes in a continuous manner: An fMRI study." Cogent Psychology 2, no. 1 (June 3, 2015): 1046243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2015.1046243.
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Pelham, William E., Richard Milich, and Jason L. Walker. "Effects of continuous and partial reinforcement and methylphenidate on learning in children with attention deficit disorder." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 95, no. 4 (1986): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.95.4.319.
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Csirmaz, Laszlo. "An optimization problem for continuous submodular functions." Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Matematica 66, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbmath.2021.1.17.
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"Real continuous submodular functions, as a generalization of the corresponding discrete notion to the continuous domain, gained considerable attention recently. The analog notion for entropy functions requires additional properties: a real function defined on the non-negative orthant of $\R^n$ is entropy-like (EL) if it is submodular, takes zero at zero, non-decreasing, and has the Diminishing Returns property. Motivated by problems concerning the Shannon complexity of multipartite secret sharing, a special case of the following general optimization problem is considered: find the minimal cost of those EL functions which satisfy certain constraints. In our special case the cost of an EL function is the maximal value of the $n$ partial derivatives at zero. Another possibility could be the supremum of the function range. The constraints are specified by a smooth bounded surface $S$ cutting off a downward closed subset. An EL function is feasible if at the internal points of $S$ the left and right partial derivatives of the function differ by at least one. A general lower bound for the minimal cost is given in terms of the normals of the surface $S$. The bound is tight when $S$ is linear. In the two-dimensional case the same bound is tight for convex or concave $S$. It is shown that the optimal EL function is not necessarily unique. The paper concludes with several open problems."
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Liu, Qiang, Wei Zhu, Feng Ma, Xiyu Jia, Yu Gao, and Jun Wen. "Graph attention network-based fluid simulation model." AIP Advances 12, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 095114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0122165.
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Traditional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques deduce the dynamic variations in flow fields by using finite elements or finite differences to solve partial differential equations. CFD usually involves several tens of thousands of grid nodes, which entail long computation times and significant computational resources. Fluid data are usually irregular data, and there will be turbulence in the flow field where the physical quantities between adjacent grid nodes are extremely nonequilibrium. We use a graph attention neural network to build a fluid simulation model (GAFM). GAFM assigns weights to adjacent node-pairs through a graph attention mechanism. In this way, it is not only possible to directly calculate the fluid data but also to adjust for nonequilibrium in vortices, especially turbulent flows. The GAFM deductively predicts the dynamic variations in flow fields by using spatiotemporally continuous sample data. A validation of the proposed GAFM against the two-dimensional (2D) flow around a cylinder confirms its high prediction accuracy. In addition, the GAFM achieves faster computation speeds than traditional CFD solvers by two to three orders of magnitude. The GAFM provides a new idea for the rapid optimization and design of fluid mechanics models and the real-time control of intelligent fluid mechanisms.
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Johnson, R. E. "Steady-state coating flows inside a rotating horizontal cylinder." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 190 (May 1988): 321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112088001338.
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Thin coating flows inside a rotating circular cylinder are investigated when the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the direction of gravity. Attention is restricted to flows of power-law fluids having negligible inertia. Four distinct steady-state liquid-film profiles are found to be possible. Two of the cases correspond to a continuous coating, i.e. films that cover the entire inner surface of the cylinder. The other two cases involve partial films covering a limited portion of the cylinder surface. Of the two continuous films, one is the expected configuration involving a coating that gradually changes in thickness as one moves around the cylinder, the film being thicker on the ascending portion of the cylinder and thinner on the descending portion. The second continuous-film configuration has regions on the rising side of cylinder where a rapid change in depth is possible. This case also has the potential to have recirculating zones where a portion of the fluid is trapped in either one or two eddies at fixed locations on the rising side of the cylinder. Of the two partial films, one corresponds to a weakly deformed puddle at the bottom of the cylinder and is the appropriate solution at small rotation rates. The second partial film is a film which coats a portion of the ascending side of the cylinder, the extent of which depends on the film volume.
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Zona, Alessandro, Graziano Leoni, and Andrea Dall’Asta. "Influence of Shear Connection Distributions on the Behaviour of Continuous Steel-concrete Composite Beams." Open Civil Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501711010384.
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Background: In this work the behaviour of continuous steel-concrete composite beams with different shear connection distributions obtained from two design methods, i.e. Eurocode 4 and a proposed alternative approach, is analysed. Objective: For this purpose a finite element model specifically developed for the nonlinear analysis of steel-concrete composite beams is adopted. This finite element model includes material nonlinearity of slab concrete, reinforcement steel, beam steel as well as slab-beam nonlinear partial interaction due to the deformable shear connection. The inclusion of the partial interaction in the composite beam model provides information on the slab-beam interface slip and shear force and enables to model the failure of the shear connectors. Results and Conclusion: In this way it is possible to analyse and quantify the effect of shear connector distributions on the global and local response of continuous steel-concrete composite beams, both under service load levels and at collapse. Particular attention is focused on the ductility requirements on the shear connectors when varying the connection design approach and distribution.
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Ortigueira, Manuel Duarte, and Richard L. Magin. "On the Equivalence between Integer- and Fractional Order-Models of Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time ARMA Systems." Fractal and Fractional 6, no. 5 (April 28, 2022): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6050242.
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The equivalence of continuous-/discrete-time autoregressive-moving average (ARMA) systems is considered in this paper. For the integer-order cases, the interrelations between systems defined by continuous-time (CT) differential and discrete-time (DT) difference equations are found, leading to formulae relating partial fractions of the continuous and discrete transfer functions. Simple transformations are presented to allow interconversions between both systems, recovering formulae obtained with the impulse invariant method. These transformations are also used to formulate a covariance equivalence. The spectral correspondence implied by the bilinear (Tustin) transformation is used to study the equivalence between the two types of systems. The general fractional CT/DT ARMA systems are also studied by considering two DT differential fractional autoregressive-moving average (FARMA) systems based on the nabla/delta and bilinear derivatives. The interrelations CT/DT are also considered, paying special attention to the systems defined by the bilinear derivatives.
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MICLEA, Bogdana. "Autism, schizofrenie, ADHD. Perspective convergente." Revista Română de Terapia Tulburărilor de Limbaj şi Comunicare 7, no. 1 (March 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26744/rrttlc.2021.7.1.08.
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Over time, continuous efforts have been made to clarify and circumscribe diagnoses of autism, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The diagnostic split between the 3 disorders dominated psychiatry after the 80s, being still used and recognized as such by the diagnostic manuals. Recently a shift and flexibility of the psychiatric paradigm has been noticed. The categorical perspective on mental illness is gradually complemented by the dimensional one. In the last decade, research in the field of neuroscience and psychology has brought evidence in favor of a partial overlap between ADHD, autism and schizophrenia. The hypothesis of a partial overlap can also be supported by non-medical or psychological theorizations, related to common deficits of symbolic structuring of the psyche in achieving a coherent representation of the world and of one’s own person.
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Yang, Jingjing, Jozef Trela, Elzbieta Plaza, and Kåre Tjus. "N2O emissions from a one stage partial nitrification/anammox process in moving bed biofilm reactors." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.232.
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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from wastewater treatment are getting increased attention because their global warming potential is around 300 times that of carbon dioxide. The aim of the study was to measure nitrous oxide emissions from one stage partial nitrification/anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) reactors, where nitrogen is removed in a biological way. The first part of the experimental study was focused on the measurements of nitrous oxide emissions from two pilot scale reactors in the long term; one reactor with intermittent aeration at 25 °C and the other reactor with continuous aeration at 22–23 °C. The second part of the experiment was done to evaluate the influence of different nitrogen loads and aeration strategies, described by the ratio between the non-aerated and aerated phase and the dissolved oxygen concentrations, on nitrous oxide emissions from the process. The study showed that 0.4–2% of the nitrogen load was converted into nitrous oxide from two reactors. With higher nitrogen load, the amount of nitrous oxide emission was also higher. A larger fraction of nitrous oxide was emitted to the gas phase while less was emitted with the liquid effluent. It was also found that nitrous oxide emissions were similar under intermittent and continuous aeration.
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Hendel, Ronald. "Abram’s Journey as Nexus." Vetus Testamentum 69, no. 4-5 (October 14, 2019): 567–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341383.
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AbstractA plea for the complementarity of Literarkritik and literary criticism in biblical scholarship, with a partial genealogy of recent developments, followed by a detailed study of Abram’s journey in Gen 11:27-12:9 in the non-P and P texts. Particular attention is paid to stylistic repetitions and implicit links to other texts, yielding a nexus of foreshadowings and backshadowings in each of the component texts. Conclusions include the viability of this non-P text (formerly known as J) and the P text as continuous sources in the Pentateuch, each with a distinctive poetics.
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McCann, D. "Does continuous partial attention offer a new understanding of the required vigilance and associated stress for parents of children with complex needs?" Child: Care, Health and Development 41, no. 6 (August 18, 2015): 1238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cch.12275.
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Pelin, Marco, Hazel Lin, Arianna Gazzi, Silvio Sosa, Cristina Ponti, Amaya Ortega, Amaia Zurutuza, et al. "Partial Reversibility of the Cytotoxic Effect Induced by Graphene-Based Materials in Skin Keratinocytes." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (August 15, 2020): 1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081602.
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In the frame of graphene-based material (GBM) hazard characterization, particular attention should be given to the cutaneous effects. Hence, this study investigates if HaCaT skin keratinocytes exposed to high concentrations of few-layer graphene (FLG) or partially dehydrated graphene oxide (d-GO) for a short time can recover from the cytotoxic insult, measured by means of cell viability, mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, after GBM removal from the cell medium. When compared to 24 or 72 h continuous exposure, recovery experiments suggest that the cytotoxicity induced by 24 h exposure to GBM is only partially recovered after 48 h culture in GBM-free medium. This partial recovery, higher for FLG as compared to GO, is not mediated by autophagy and could be the consequence of GBM internalization into cells. The ability of GBMs to be internalized inside keratinocytes together with the partial reversibility of the cellular damage is important in assessing the risk associated with skin exposure to GBM-containing devices.
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Jurburg, Daniel, Elisabeth Viles, Martin Tanco, Ricardo Mateo, and Álvaro Lleó. "Understanding the main organisational antecedents of employee participation in continuous improvement." TQM Journal 31, no. 3 (May 8, 2019): 359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-10-2018-0135.
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Purpose Companies use continuous improvement (CI) as a strategy to achieve business excellence and innovation. Yet CI initiatives fail mostly due to a lack of employee engagement. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Based on the CI literature and the technology acceptance model (TAM), a comprehensive model called continuous improvement acceptance mode (CIAM) was developed to understand the main organisational antecedents that predict employee intention to participate in CI. The CIAM is based on structural equation modelling using partial least squares and it was validated in a large manufacturing plant in Europe. Findings Emulating the findings of the TAM, this study shows that employee intention to participate can be predicted by two variables called ease of participating and usefulness of participating. The CIAM then relates these constructs with relevant CI enablers found in the CI literature. Practical implications The CIAM could help academics and practitioners to better understand employee participation in CI activities, allowing CI systems to be better designed and achieve long-term sustainability. Originality/value The CIAM presents new variables and interactions that help to understand employee participation in CI activities. Some of these variables and interactions have received scant attention in the CI literature and thus they are worth investigating in greater depth in the future.
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Shen, Qian, Tao Jiang, Yongjun Zhu, and Yin Wu. "An Improved Image Steganography Scheme Based on Partial Preservation Embedding Algorithm for Wireless Visual Sensor Networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (February 27, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6618134.
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With the continuous improvement of encryption algorithms, some applications based on the architecture of wireless visual sensor networks have gradually shifted their attention to the imperceptibility and antijamming performance of secret images. To reduce the probability of secret images being detected, the current research focuses on hiding secret data in the least-significant bit of the cover image in the spatial domain or embedding data into the coefficients of the high-frequency band in the transformational domain, which usually leads to poor performance in a hostile environment. Therefore, some researchers proposed to substitute the coefficients of the medium-frequency band in the transformational domain with secret information to enhance the anti-interference performance. However, this idea would severely affect the imperceptibility of secret images. As a result, an improved version based on the partial preservation embedding algorithm was designed in this paper. Theory analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme performs better than the existing methods by directly substituting the coefficients of the medium-frequency band in the transformational domain, especially in the case of strong noise interference.
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Crisan, Dan. "The stochastic filtering problem: a brief historical account." Journal of Applied Probability 51, A (December 2014): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1417528463.
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Onwards from the mid-twentieth century, the stochastic filtering problem has caught the attention of thousands of mathematicians, engineers, statisticians, and computer scientists. Its applications span the whole spectrum of human endeavour, including satellite tracking, credit risk estimation, human genome analysis, and speech recognition. Stochastic filtering has engendered a surprising number of mathematical techniques for its treatment and has played an important role in the development of new research areas, including stochastic partial differential equations, stochastic geometry, rough paths theory, and Malliavin calculus. It also spearheaded research in areas of classical mathematics, such as Lie algebras, control theory, and information theory. The aim of this paper is to give a brief historical account of the subject concentrating on the continuous-time framework.
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Crisan, Dan. "The stochastic filtering problem: a brief historical account." Journal of Applied Probability 51, A (December 2014): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002190020002115x.
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Onwards from the mid-twentieth century, the stochastic filtering problem has caught the attention of thousands of mathematicians, engineers, statisticians, and computer scientists. Its applications span the whole spectrum of human endeavour, including satellite tracking, credit risk estimation, human genome analysis, and speech recognition. Stochastic filtering has engendered a surprising number of mathematical techniques for its treatment and has played an important role in the development of new research areas, including stochastic partial differential equations, stochastic geometry, rough paths theory, and Malliavin calculus. It also spearheaded research in areas of classical mathematics, such as Lie algebras, control theory, and information theory. The aim of this paper is to give a brief historical account of the subject concentrating on the continuous-time framework.
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Gomes, Cristiano Mendes, João Victor Teixeira Henriques, Rachel Mazoni Costa, and Flavio Eduardo Trigo-Rocha. "Sacral neuromodulation for treatment of overactive bladder: a review." Revista de Medicina 97, no. 3 (July 18, 2018): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v97i3p340-347.
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Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) therapy is an established third line therapeutic option for the treatment of urgency urinary incontinence, urgency-frequency and chronic non-obstructive urinary retention. The continuous stimulation of the sacral root S3 with an electrode connected to an implanted pulse generator (IPG) may influence detrusor and sphincter activity and improve lower urinary tract symptoms. The mechanism of action is not completely understood and seems to be based on the modulation of spinal cord reflexes and brain centers involved in lower urinary tract function. It is implanted with a minimally invasive technique that can be performed under local anesthesia and includes a test phase that precedes the definitive implantation of the pulse generator. When compared to the standard pharmacological therapy, neuromodulation promoted better results both in the partial improvement of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and total continence. Moreover, sexual function, quality of life and depressive symptoms may also improve in patients with OAB that undergo SNM. However, SNM is associated with significant rates of adverse events and need for surgical revisions, requiring continuous medical attention.
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Dutt, Shane, Andrea Reid-Chung, Lynda Thompson, Michael Thompson, and Eunha Lee. "LORETA Neurofeedback Combined with Biofeedback as a Treatment for Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum: A Single Case Study." Biofeedback 44, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-44.4.04.
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Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is a congenital disorder that leads to a broad array of symptoms including cognitive, motor, and social difficulties. Parents of children with AgCC are faced with few treatment options for this often debilitating disorder. There is also a lack of research concerning how to help children and adults with AgCC achieve improved levels of functioning. This paper discusses the utility of low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) Z-score based neurofeedback combined with heart rate variability (HRV) training biofeedback in treating a young man with partial and congenital AgCC. The comprehensive assessment process included analysis of 19-channel quantitative-EEG (QEEG) and HRV data in combination with parent rating questionnaires, and continuous performance test measures: Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (Arble, Kuentzel & Burnett, 2014) and the Test of Variables of Attention (Forbes 1998). This article illustrates amelioration of cognitive, motor, social, and sleep-based symptoms in this case, suggesting neurofeedback and biofeedback have a positive role to play in helping people with AgCC.
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Wu, Xiaolong, Guangye Li, Shize Jiang, Scott Wellington, Shengjie Liu, Zehan Wu, Benjamin Metcalfe, Liang Chen, and Dingguo Zhang. "Decoding continuous kinetic information of grasp from stereo-electroencephalographic (SEEG) recordings." Journal of Neural Engineering 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 026047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ac65b1.
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Abstract Objective. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to bypass damaged neural pathways and restore functionality lost due to injury or disease. Approaches to decoding kinematic information are well documented; however, the decoding of kinetic information has received less attention. Additionally, the possibility of using stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) for kinetic decoding during hand grasping tasks is still largely unknown. Thus, the objective of this paper is to demonstrate kinetic parameter decoding using SEEG in patients performing a grasping task with two different force levels under two different ascending rates. Approach. Temporal-spectral representations were studied to investigate frequency modulation under different force tasks. Then, force amplitude was decoded from SEEG recordings using multiple decoders, including a linear model, a partial least squares model, an unscented Kalman filter, and three deep learning models (shallow convolutional neural network, deep convolutional neural network and the proposed CNN+RNN neural network). Main results. The current study showed that: (a) for some channel, both low-frequency modulation (event-related desynchronization (ERD)) and high-frequency modulation (event-related synchronization) were sustained during prolonged force holding periods; (b) continuously changing grasp force can be decoded from the SEEG signals; (c) the novel CNN+RNN deep learning model achieved the best decoding performance, with the predicted force magnitude closely aligned to the ground truth under different force amplitudes and changing rates. Significance. This work verified the possibility of decoding continuously changing grasp force using SEEG recordings. The result presented in this study demonstrated the potential of SEEG recordings for future BCI application.
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Bian, Hanxiao, Zhiping Zhu, Qianwen Sui, and Shunli Wang. "The Pilot Study of the Influence of Free Ammonia on Membrane Fouling during the Partial Nitrosation of Pig Farm Anaerobic Digestion Liquid." Membranes 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110894.
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The problem of membrane fouling is a key factor restricting the application of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) in the partial nitrosation (PN) and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) processes. In this study, the pilot-scale continuous flow MBR was used to start up the partial nitrosation process in order to investigate the change trend of mid-transmembrane pressure (TMP) in the process of start-up, which was further explored to clarify the membrane fouling mechanism in the pilot-scale reactor. The results showed that the MBR system was in a stable operating condition during the partial nitrosation operation and that the online automatic backwash operation mode is beneficial in alleviating membrane fouling and reducing the cost of membrane washing. Particular attention was paid to the influence trend of free ammonia (FA)on membrane fouling, and it was found that the increase in FA concentration plays the most critical role in membrane fouling. The increase in FA concentration led to an increase in the extracellular polymer (EPS), dissolved microorganism product (SMP) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) concentration. FA was extremely significantly correlated with EPS and SCOD, and the FA concentration was approximately 20.7 mg/L. The SCODeff (effluent SCOD concentration) concentration was approximately 147 mg/L higher than the SCODinf (influent SCOD concentration) concentration. FA mainly affects membrane fouling by affecting the concentration of EPS and SCOD.
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Beshtokov, M. Kh, and M. Z. Khudalov. "The Third Boundary Value Problem for a Loaded Thermal Conductivity Equation with a Fractional Caputo Derivative." Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/mathm.0320.0000222.
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Recently, to describe various mathematical models of physical processes, fractional differential calculus has been widely used. In this regard, much attention is paid to partial differential equations of fractional order, which are a generalization of partial differential equations of integer order. In this case, various settings are possible.Loaded differential equations in the literature are called equations containing values of a solution or its derivatives on manifolds of lower dimension than the dimension of the definitional domain of the desired function. Currently, numerical methods for solving loaded partial differential equations of integer and fractional (porous media) orders are widely used, since analytical solving methods for solving are impossible.In the paper, we study the initial-boundary value problem for the loaded differential heat equation with a fractional Caputo derivative and conditions of the third kind. To solve the problem on the assumption that there is an exact solution in the class of sufficiently smooth functions by the method of energy inequalities, a priori estimates are obtained both in the differential and difference interpretations. The obtained inequalities mean the uniqueness of the solution and the continuous dependence of the solution on the input data of the problem. Due to the linearity of the problem under consideration, these inequalities allow us to state the convergence of the approximate solution to the exact solution at a rate equal to the approximation order of the difference scheme. An algorithm for the numerical solution of the problem is constructed.
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Rauh, Andreas, and Luc Jaulin. "Novel Techniques for a Verified Simulation of Fractional-Order Differential Equations." Fractal and Fractional 5, no. 1 (February 21, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract5010017.
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Verified simulation techniques have been investigated intensively by researchers who are dealing with ordinary and partial differential equations. Tasks that have been considered in this context are the solution to initial value problems and boundary value problems, parameter identification, as well as the solution of optimal control problems in cases in which bounded uncertainty in parameters and initial conditions are present. In contrast to system models with integer-order derivatives, fractional-order models have not yet gained the same attention if verified solution techniques are desired. In general, verified simulation techniques rely on interval methods, zonotopes, or Taylor model arithmetic and allow for computing guaranteed outer enclosures of the sets of solutions. As such, not only the influence of uncertain but bounded parameters can be accounted for in a guaranteed way. In addition, also round-off and (temporal) truncation errors that inevitably occur in numerical software implementations can be considered in a rigorous manner. This paper presents novel iterative and series-based solution approaches for the case of initial value problems to fractional-order system models, which will form the basic building block for implementing state estimation schemes in continuous-discrete settings, where the system dynamics is assumed as being continuous but measurements are only available at specific discrete sampling instants.
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Temudo, Marina Padrão. "From ‘People's Struggle’ to ‘This War of Today’: Entanglements of Peace and Conflict in Guinea-Bissau." Africa 78, no. 2 (May 2008): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972008000156.
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This article aims at contributing to our understanding of violence and warfare in contemporary West Africa by adopting a bi-focal analysis that looks both at power struggles within the urban elite and at the grassroots multi-ethnic setting in southern Guinea-Bissau. I pay close attention to the social dynamics of rural peoples' perspectives, coping strategies and inter-ethnic conflicts. Local conflicts are elucidated as an ongoing process that traverses times of war and peace. Although they are subject to manipulation by urban actors, local conflicts are also a matter of continuous negotiation and partial consensus at the grassroots. In stark contrast to this, the struggles in the ruling group are characterized by an escalating spiral of factionalism, diminishing compromises and elimination of rivals. By analysing the relationship between urban and rural actors and the role of cosmology, the article also aims to shed new light on the multiple shapes patron–client relations can assume in Africa.
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Luginbühl, Martin. "Closeness and distance." Languages in Contrast 9, no. 1 (March 24, 2009): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.9.1.07lug.
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This article compares the form of TV news reporting in the American “CBS Evening News” and the Swiss “Tagesschau” from their beginning until today. It draws particular attention to the ‘culturality’ of text types — a term that will be introduced in the first part. The analysis focuses on local, temporal and emotional closeness in news packages and illustrates how the two shows stage closeness in different and changing ways. Although a partial homogenization can be observed, the notion of a continuous americanization is rejected. The results will be analysed in the perspective of the TV news shows considering factors such as the text repertoire and overall format of the show. Discussing the results I will argue that the concept of ‘journalistic culture’ is helpful to conceptualize and understand the form of news. While the analysis cannot decide to what degree single influencing factors are at work, it further develops some common assumptions (like national characteristics of text types or the influence of commercialization).
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Kecskes, Robert. "Brand Communication in a Digitalized World." GfK Marketing Intelligence Review 9, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gfkmir-2017-0019.
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Abstract The way in which we communicate is changing radically. In the analog world, promotional communication was consumed rather passively. In today’s digital age, consumers have become more active. Especially, the younger consumer generation - referred to as iBrains- are increasingly spreading their own product experiences across digital channels into the virtual world. Stimulus-response communication still has its place, but must be supplemented with interactive offers that enable a dialogue with consumers. Diverse communication channels must be utilized - analog as well as digital - in order to reach the young target groups. As consumers tend to be “always on”, they use different communication channels simultaneously, leading to continuous partial attention. Therefore, not only new channels are necessary but the entire communication style and design need to be adapted. It is not enough to simply make contact. Instead of thinking about shortening the message, creativity should be put into creatively combining different building blocks of communication.
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Funayama, Satoshi, Hiroshi Onishi, Kengo Kuriyama, Takafumi Komiyama, Kan Marino, Masayuki Araya, Ryo Saito, et al. "Renal Cancer is Not Radioresistant: Slowly but Continuing Shrinkage of the Tumor After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 18 (January 1, 2019): 153303381882232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533033818822329.
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Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary lesion of renal cell carcinoma with long-term and regular follow-up of tumor size and renal function. Methods: This prospective study included 13 patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary lesion of stage I renal cell carcinoma between August 2007 and June 2016 in our institution. Diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma was made by 2 radiologists using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. A dosage of 60 Gy in 10 fractions or 70 Gy in 10 fractions was prescribed. The higher dose was selected if dose constraints were satisfied. Tumor response on imaging examination, local progression-free rate, overall survival, and toxicity were assessed. Results: The mean follow-up period was 48.3 months (range: 11-108 months). The tumors showed very slow but continuous response during long-term follow-up. Three cases (23.1%) showed transient progression during the short follow-up. The mean duration until the day on which partial response was confirmed among the partial or complete response cases was 22.6 months (95% confidence interval, 15.3-30.0 months). Local progression-free rate was 92.3% for 3 years and overall survival rate 91.7% for 2 years and 71.3% for 3 years. Twelve cases (92.3%) had impaired renal function at baseline. Renal function decreased slowly and mildly in most of the cases, but 2 cases of solitary kidney showed grade 4 or 5 renal dysfunction. Conclusion: All renal tumors decreased in size slowly but continuously for years after stereotactic body radiation therapy. Renal cancer can be treated radically with stereotactic body radiation therapy as a radiosensitive tumor, but careful attention should be given in cases with solitary kidney.
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Vo, Trieu Long, Son Hoai Nguyen, and Long Nhut-Phi Nguyen. "CARBON NANOFIBER - REINFORCED MULTIFUNCTIONAL SHEET INTEGRATED WITH PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTAL: AN OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS METHODS." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2022.v0905.02.
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Most of the phenomena in life, such as heat transfer, wave propagation, thermoelectricity, sheet materials, multifunctional material properties, etc., can be expressed through mathematical equations or partial differential equations (PDEs). However, with complex differential equations, it is difficult or impossible to find solutions, especially differential equations for complex problems such as solid-liquid interactions, mechanical-thermal-electrical environments, and functional material plate environments in the multiphysics environment, etc. Since then, many numerical methods have been researched and developed to find approximate solutions to partial differential equations. Today, the finite element method (FEM) is the most widely used and effective among the commonly used numerical methods. However, with the continuous emergence of new complex problems in science and technology, especially problems in the multiphysics environment in sheet-material structures, the finite element method has revealed new challenges. There are certain limitations related to the element technique and the weak form discretization of the problem of sheet structure with many different degrees of freedom, significantly affecting the accuracy and efficiency of calculations. Therefore, it is always important to propose improvements to the traditional finite element method and the optimal method algorithm to meet the increasing requirements in the behavior analysis of sheet materials. This research direction is always topical and has received the attention of scientists around the world for many decades.
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Vo, Trieu Long, Son Hoai Nguyen, and Long Nhut-Phi Nguyen. "CARBON NANOFIBER - REINFORCED MULTIFUNCTIONAL SHEET INTEGRATED WITH PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTAL: AN OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS METHODS." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2022.v0905.002.
Full textAbstract:
Most of the phenomena in life, such as heat transfer, wave propagation, thermoelectricity, sheet materials, multifunctional material properties, etc., can be expressed through mathematical equations or partial differential equations (PDEs). However, with complex differential equations, it is difficult or impossible to find solutions, especially differential equations for complex problems such as solid-liquid interactions, mechanical-thermal-electrical environments, and functional material plate environments in the multiphysics environment, etc. Since then, many numerical methods have been researched and developed to find approximate solutions to partial differential equations. Today, the finite element method (FEM) is the most widely used and effective among the commonly used numerical methods. However, with the continuous emergence of new complex problems in science and technology, especially problems in the multiphysics environment in sheet-material structures, the finite element method has revealed new challenges. There are certain limitations related to the element technique and the weak form discretization of the problem of sheet structure with many different degrees of freedom, significantly affecting the accuracy and efficiency of calculations. Therefore, it is always important to propose improvements to the traditional finite element method and the optimal method algorithm to meet the increasing requirements in the behavior analysis of sheet materials. This research direction is always topical and has received the attention of scientists around the world for many decades.
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Tribelsky, Michael I. "Short-Wave Instability in Extended Systems with Additional Symmetry." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 07, no. 05 (May 1997): 997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127497000819.
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Stability of steady spatially periodic patterns in systems with an additional continuous group of symmetry is discussed. It is shown that different systems with the same dimensionality of the continuous group of symmetry display remarkable similarity in all qualitative features of the pattern stability problem. Attention is called to the fact that, beside an extra band of slowly varying modes, the additional symmetry may yield a mixture of different scales in the final dispersion equation for pattern's perturbations, so that the stability conditions become unusually sensitive to very fine details of the problem. A one-dimensional partial differential equation governing seismic waves in viscoelastic media is considered as a particular example. The equation exhibits short-wave instability and additional invariance under the transformation u → u + const. , where the order parameter u(x, t) is associated with the displacement velocity. The analytical study of the equation is supplemented by computer simulations. The simulations show that the system undergoes a bifurcation from the trivial state with u ≡ 0 to well-developed chaos directly and the transition to the chaos is smooth, without any discontinuity. The chaos is characterized by excitation of a big number (in a boundless system — continuum) of coupled modes localized generally in two narrow subbands, centered around the critical wavenumber for the short-wave instability and the wavenumber equals zero, respectively.
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Delgado-Álvarez, Noemí, Roberto Tolozano-Benites, and Abel Flores Laaz. "LA FILOSOFIA DE GESTIÓN INSTITUCIONAL: UN ENFOQUE CENTRADO EN EL ESTUDIANTE." Identidad Bolivariana 1, no. 1 (January 5, 2017): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37611/ib1ol111-21.
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Providing education with a vision of quality is the challenge faced by Higher Education Institutions (IES) at the present time, on the one hand the structured models of evaluation and accreditation and on the other the students as direct clients, who impose new and marked demands. , forcing those who lead to seek solutions that break traditional paradigms. Adopting modern management philosophies that have been successful in the business field has been a trend in recent years, one of them is to put the customer at the center of attention. To respond to these demands at the Bolivarian Technological Higher Institute of Technology, an investigation is currently being carried out, which is presented in this paper, which aims to show the first results of the application of an institutional management scheme where the student is placed. at the highest level of attention in each process that integrates the model that is applied. The work is developed from a procedure that starts from determining the main dissatisfactions of the students and deepens in the determination of the root causes that provoke them, in order to focus on the continuous improvement of the process involved, guaranteeing satisfaction. and compliance with the institutional strategic objectives. The result that is exposed is partial, since it constitutes a first approach to the application of the approach within the institutional scheme.
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Balanda, Miroslav, M. Saniga, and J. Pittner. "The development of tree species composition of the species-rich natural forest during the last 33 years." Beskydy 6, no. 1 (2013): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/beskyd201306010009.
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The presented study is aimed on the analysis of inventory data from the old-growth mixed forest of National Nature Reserve (NNR) Sitno. A special attention was paid to the temporal variation of the tree species composition. Study analyzes data acquired in the decadal periodic inventory campaigns during the last 33 years. Analysis of dynamic changes in portion of partial tree species in NNR Sitno revealed the significant continuous decrease of oak trees during analyzed period. Evaluation of temporal changes showed the significant decrease of oaks regarding the number of trees thicker than 8 cm (8 %) as well as the volume of large wood (11 %). On the other hand, the European beech is achieving the dominant position within the upper tree layer on the behalf of oaks and other tree species. Inventory revealed slight decrease of beech in term number of tree individuals that is connected with significant increase of the large wood volume. We recorded the increasing abundance of maples (Acer pseudoplatanus, Acer platanoides) and common ash in the natural regeneration.
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Lu, Xinyang, Qingbiao Wu, and Yasir Khan. "The Analysis of Dynamic Buckling of an Impacted Column using Difference Methods." International Journal of Computational Methods 15, no. 04 (May 24, 2018): 1850025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876218500251.
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In this paper, the object of our study is two coupled partial differential equation which have a rich physical background. With a reasonable change to the initial value, we use central difference method and compact finite difference method to get the numerical results of the governing equations. In the analysis of the latter, we use the Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting (HSS) method to solve a large sparse non-Hermitian positive definite system of linear equations. In this way, the computational efficiency can be improved and the convergence is guaranteed which is proved by Bai [Bai et al. [2003] “Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting methods for non-Hermitian positive definite linear systems,” SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 24, 603–626] and Chen [Chen et al. [2014] “Convergence analysis of the modified Newton-HSS method under the Hölder continuous condition,” J. Comput. Appl. Math. 264, 115–130]. And we also pay attention to the effect of initial conditions, on which we add a small perturbation to observe its influence by comparing numerical results.
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Yi, Yang, Mingchang Shi, Xiaoding Yi, Jialin Liu, Guangrong Shen, Na Yang, and Xinli Hu. "Dynamic Changes of Plantations and Natural Forests in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and Their Relationship with Climatic Factors." Forests 13, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081224.
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Based on Landsat TM/ETM/OLI images and MODIS NDVI time series remote sensing data from 1999 to 2015, the changes of land use/cover types (including natural forests and plantations) through NDVI trends and their relationship with meteorological factors in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (MRYR) were analyzed by supervised classification, coefficient of variation, trend analysis, rescaled range analysis, and partial correlation analysis. The results showed that, in the past 17 years, the main landscape type in the MRYR is forestland (accounting for more than 50%), and the built-up land and plantations area increased by four fifths and one fifth, respectively. The area of natural forests had been reduced by one fifth. Additionally, NDVI showed an upward trend (0.37%), especially in natural forests (0.57%). Two thirds of the natural forests had NDVI values greater than 0.80, and 89.21% of them were significantly improved. The area with an uncertain future development trend of all vegetation was more than half of the area. At the same time, partial correlation analysis with climate factors showed that relative humidity had an inhibitory effect on vegetation growth (p < 0.05). Climate factors had a certain lag effect on the growth of natural forests and plantations. Generally speaking, sunshine duration had a positive effect on forests growth, while relative humidity had a negative effect. The results showed that if the forest land was studied as a whole, many of the problems of natural forests and plantations would be ignored. The continuous decrease of natural forests and possible further degradation in the future are worthy of attention. The results could provide a reference for forest ecological protection in other areas.
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A. Rabaa'i, Ahmad, Shareef Abu ALmaati, and Xiaodi Zhu. "Students’ Continuance Intention to Use Moodle: An Expectation-Confirmation Model Approach." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 16 (2021): 397–434. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4842.
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Aim/Purpose: This study aims at investigating the factors that influence students’ continuous intention to use Moodle, as an exemplar of learning management systems (LMSs), in the post-adoption phase. Background: Higher education institutions (HEIs) have invested heavily in learning management systems (LMSs), such as Moodle and BlackBoard, as these systems enhance students’ learning and improve their interactions with the educational systems. While most studies on LMSs have focused on the pre-adoption or acceptance phases of this technology, the determinant factors that influence students’ continuance intention to use LMSs have received less attention in the information systems (IS) literature. Methodology: The theoretical model for this study was primarily drawn from the expectation-confirmation model (ECM). A total of 387 Kuwaiti students, from a private American University in the State of Kuwait, participated in this study. Partial least squares (PLS) was employed to analyze the data. Contribution: This study contributes to the existing scientific knowledge in different ways. First, this study extends the expectation confirmation model (ECM) by integrating factors that are important to students’ continuous intention to use LMSs, including system interactivity, effort expectancy, attitude, computer anxiety, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and facilitating conditions. Second, this study adds on a Kuwaiti literature context by focusing on the continuous intention to use LMSs, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study that extends and empirically assesses the applicability of the ECM in the LMSs context in a developing country – Kuwait. Third, this study conceptually and empirically differentiates between satisfaction and attitude, as two separate affect constructs, which were taken as interchangeable factors in ECM, and were disregarded by a large number of prior ECM studies concerned with continuous use intention. Finally, this study aims to assist HEIs, faculty members, and systems’ developers in understanding the main factors that influence students’ continuance use intention of LMSs. Findings: While subjective norms were not significant, the results mainly showed that students’ continuous intention to use Moodle is significantly influenced by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, attitude, satisfaction, self-efficacy and facilitating conditions. The study’s results also confirmed that satisfaction and attitude are two conceptually and empirically different constructs, conflicting with the views that these constructs can be taken as interchangeable factors in the ECM. Recommendations for Practitioners: This study offers several useful practical implications. First, given the significant influence of system interactivity on performance expectancy and satisfaction, faculty members should modify their teaching approach by enabling communication and interaction among instructors, students, and peers using the LMS. Second, given the significant influence of performance expectancy, satisfaction, and attitude on continuous intention to use the LMS, HEIs should conduct training programs for students on the effective use of the LMS. This would increase students’ awareness regarding the usefulness of the LMS, enhance their attitude towards the LMS, and improve their satisfaction with the system. Third, given the significant role of effort expectancy in influencing performance expectancy, attitude, and students’ continuous intention to use Moodle, developers and system programmers should design the LMS with easy to use, high quality, and customizable user interface. This, in turn, will not only motivate students’ performance expectancy, but will also influence their attitude and continuous intention to use the system. Recommendation for Researchers: This study conceptually and empirically differentiates between satisfaction and attitude, as two separate affect constructs, which were taken as interchangeable factors in ECM and were disregarded by a large number of prior ECM studies concerned with continuous use intention. Hence, it is recommended that researchers include these two constructs in their research models when investigating continuous intention to use a technology. Impact on Society: This study could be used in other countries to compare and verify the results. Additionally, the research model of this study could also be used to investigate other LMSs, such as Blackboard. Future Research: This study focused on how different factors affected students’ continuous intention to use Moodle but did not consider all determinants of successful system, such as system quality, information quality, and instructional as well as course content quality. Thus, future research should devote attention to the effects of these quality characteristics of LMS.
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Megahed, Ahmed M. "Flow and Heat Transfer of Powell–Eyring Fluid due to an Exponential Stretching Sheet with Heat Flux and Variable Thermal Conductivity." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 70, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2014-0310.
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AbstractAn analysis was carried out to describe the problem of flow and heat transfer of Powell–Eyring fluid in boundary layers on an exponentially stretching continuous permeable surface with an exponential temperature distribution in the presence of heat flux and variable thermal conductivity. The governing partial differential equations describing the problem were transformed into a set of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations and then solved with a numerical technique using appropriate boundary conditions for various physical parameters. The numerical solution for the governing non-linear boundary value problem is based on applying the shooting method over the entire range of physical parameters. The effects of various parameters like the thermal conductivity parameter, suction parameter, dimensionless Powell–Eyring parameters and the Prandtl number on the flow and temperature profiles as well as on the local skin-friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number are presented and discussed. In this work, special attention was given to investigate the effect of the thermal conductivity parameter on the velocity and temperature fields above the sheet in the presence of heat flux. The numerical results were also validated with results from a previously published work on various special cases of the problem, and good agreements were seen.
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Abrahamsson, Niclas, Britt Edén Engström, Magnus Sundbom, and F. Anders Karlsson. "GLP1 analogs as treatment of postprandial hypoglycemia following gastric bypass surgery: a potential new indication?" European Journal of Endocrinology 169, no. 6 (December 2013): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-13-0504.
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ObjectiveThe number of morbidly obese subjects submitted to bariatric surgery is rising worldwide. In a fraction of patients undergoing gastric bypass (GBP), episodes with late postprandial hypoglycemia (PPHG) develop 1–3 years after surgery. The pathogenesis of this phenomenon is not fully understood; meal-induced rapid and exaggerated increases of circulating incretins and insulin appear to be at least partially responsible. Current treatments include low-carbohydrate diets, inhibition of glucose intestinal uptake, reduction of insulin secretion with calcium channel blockers, somatostatin analogs, or diazoxide, a KATP channel opener. Even partial pancreatectomy has been advocated. In type 2 diabetes, GLP1 analogs have a well-documented effect of stabilizing glucose levels without causing hypoglycemia.DesignWe explored GLP1 analogs as open treatment in five consecutive GBP cases seeking medical attention because of late postprandial hypoglycemic symptoms.ResultsGlucose measured in connection with the episodes in four of the cases had been 2.7, 2.5, 1.8, and 1.6 mmol/l respectively. The patients consistently described that the analogs eliminated their symptoms, which relapsed in four of the five patients when treatment was reduced/discontinued. The drug effect was further documented in one case by repeated 24-h continuous glucose measurements.ConclusionThese open, uncontrolled observations suggest that GLP1 analogs might provide a new treatment option in patients with problems of late PPHG.
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Koo, Dongyoung, Youngjoo Shin, Joobeom Yun, and Junbeom Hur. "Improving Security and Reliability in Merkle Tree-Based Online Data Authentication with Leakage Resilience." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122532.
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With the successful proliferation of data outsourcing services, security and privacy issues have drawn significant attention. Data authentication in particular plays an essential role in the storage of outsourced digital content and keeping it safe from modifications by inside or outside adversaries. In this paper, we focus on online data authentication using a Merkle (hash) tree to guarantee data integrity. By conducting in-depth diagnostics of the side channels of the Merkle tree-based approach, we explore novel solutions to improve the security and reliability of the maintenance of outsourced data. Based on a thorough review of previous solutions, we present a new method of inserting auxiliary random sources into the integrity verification proof on the prover side. This prevents the exposure of partial information within the tree structure and consequently releases restrictions on the number of verification execution, while maintaining desirable security and reliability of authentication for the long run. Based on a rigorous proof, we show that the proposed scheme maintains consistent reliability without being affected by continuous information leakage caused by repetitions of the authentication process. In addition, experimental results comparing with the proposed scheme with other state-of-the-art studies demonstrate its efficiency and practicality.
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Choi, Hyunjin. "Assistance of a Person with Muscular Weakness Using a Joint-Torque-Assisting Exoskeletal Robot." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 3114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073114.
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Robotic systems for gait rehabilitation have been actively developed in recent years; many of the rehabilitation robots have been commercialized and utilized for treatment of real patients in hospitals. The first generation of gait rehabilitation robots was a tethered exoskeleton system on a treadmill. While these robots have become a new trend in rehabilitation medicine, there are several arguments about the effectiveness of such robots due to the passiveness of the motions that the robots generate, i.e., the continuous passive motions may limit the active involvement of patients’ voluntary motion control. In order to let a patient be more actively involved by requiring the self-control of whole-body balance, untethered powered exoskeletons, wearable robots that patients can wear and walk on the ground, are receiving great attention. While several powered exoskeletons have been commercialized already, the question about their effectiveness has not been cleared in the viewpoint of rehabilitation medicine because most of the powered exoskeletons provide still continuous passive motions, even though they are on the ground without tethering. This is due to their control strategy; the joints of a powered exoskeleton are position-controlled to repeatedly follow a predefined angle trajectory. This may be effective when a wearer is completely paraplegic such that the powered exoskeleton must generate full actuation power for walking. For people with muscular weakness due to various reasons, the powered exoskeleton must assist only the lack of muscular force without constraining human motion. For assistance and rehabilitation of people with partial impairment in walking ability, Angel Legs is introduced in this paper. The proposed powered exoskeleton system is equipped with a transparent actuation system such that the assistive force is accurately generated. The overall design and control of Angel Legs are introduced in this paper, and a clinical verification with a human subject is also provided.
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Chen, Yanhong, Yaobin Lu, Sumeet Gupta, and Zhao Pan. "Understanding “window” shopping and browsing experience on social shopping website." Information Technology & People 33, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 1124–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-12-2017-0424.
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Purpose Social shopping website (SSW) introduce the social side into the shopping process, thus making “window” shopping or browsing more interesting for customers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate customer online browsing experience and its antecedents (i.e. information quality and social interaction) and consequences (i.e. urge to buy impulsively and continuous browsing intention) in the context of SSW. Design/methodology/approach A survey questionnaire was distributed to visitors of online SSW to collect data, and partial least squares technology was used to test the research model. Findings The results of this study reveal that three types of web browsing, namely, utilitarian browsing, hedonic browsing and social browsing, take place in a SSW. The unique factors of SSW, namely, the quality of user generated contents and social interaction are critical for facilitating customers’ browsing experiences. Furthermore, the findings reveal that hedonic browsing experience is found to be the most salient factor influencing customers’ urge to buy impulsively and continuance intention. Practical implications The findings suggest that practitioners, such as designers and managers of SSW should give special attention to the benefits of browsing activity to convert web browsers into impulse purchasers and increase customers’ loyalty. Moreover, they should focus on improving the quality of user generated content and pay more attention to support and encourage social interaction to enhance browsing experiences on a SSW. Originality/value Existing studies about browsing behavior mostly focus on traditional online e-commerce website. This study represents the first step toward understanding browsing activity on SSW. Moreover, prior studies mainly focused on utilitarian and hedonic browsing experience; however, there is a lack of research on social browsing experience. The current study attempts to fill this research gap.
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Hasan, Farzana Binte, Mahin Reza, HM Abdullah Al Masud, Md Kamal Uddin, and Mohammad Seraj Uddin. "Preliminary characterization and inhibitory activity of bacteriocin like substances from Lactobacillus casei against multi-drug resistant bacteria." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 1 (December 8, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v36i1.44259.
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Antimicrobial resistance is a mounting threat to the control of infectious diseases worldwide. Due to the increasing rate of drug resistance, there is continuous requirement for new and safe antimicrobial agents both for therapeutic purposes and food industries. The potential of bacteriocin has attracted much attention in recent years.We characterized bacteriocin like substances produced by Lactobacillus casei. This bacterium produces bacteriocin like substances that have the ability to inhibit multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus vulgaris. To investigate the antimicrobial property of the bacteriocin like substances produced by L.casei, cell free supernatant (CFS) was prepared and antagonistic activity of cell free supernatant was determined by agar well diffusion method. Production of bacteriocin like substances was greatly affected by nutrient media, pH, temperature and incubation period. Highest inhibitory activity was observed when L.casei was grown in MRS broth (De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth) (pH 4.0) for 72 hoursat 37°C. The active components of CFS responsible for antagonistic activity are proteinaceous in nature since they are susceptible to heat treatment. Partial purification of this CFS was done by organic solvent extraction method. Among the eight isolates tested, only S. auereus, Proteus vulgaris and K. pneumoniae showed more sensitivity to the partially purified crude bacteriocin like substances (CBLS) than CFS.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 1 June 2019, pp 01-06
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Baxter, J., and P. L. Bartlett. "Infinite-Horizon Policy-Gradient Estimation." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 15 (November 1, 2001): 319–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.806.
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Gradient-based approaches to direct policy search in reinforcement learning have received much recent attention as a means to solve problems of partial observability and to avoid some of the problems associated with policy degradation in value-function methods. In this paper we introduce GPOMDP, a simulation-based algorithm for generating a biased estimate of the gradient of the average reward in Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes POMDPs controlled by parameterized stochastic policies. A similar algorithm was proposed by (Kimura et al. 1995). The algorithm's chief advantages are that it requires storage of only twice the number of policy parameters, uses one free beta (which has a natural interpretation in terms of bias-variance trade-off), and requires no knowledge of the underlying state. We prove convergence of GPOMDP, and show how the correct choice of the parameter beta is related to the mixing time of the controlled POMDP. We briefly describe extensions of GPOMDP to controlled Markov chains, continuous state, observation and control spaces, multiple-agents, higher-order derivatives, and a version for training stochastic policies with internal states. In a companion paper (Baxter et al., this volume) we show how the gradient estimates generated by GPOMDP can be used in both a traditional stochastic gradient algorithm and a conjugate-gradient procedure to find local optima of the average reward.
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Meron, Ehud, Jamie J. R. Bennett, Cristian Fernandez-Oto, Omer Tzuk, Yuval R. Zelnik, and Gideon Grafi. "Continuum Modeling of Discrete Plant Communities: Why Does It Work and Why Is It Advantageous?" Mathematics 7, no. 10 (October 17, 2019): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7100987.
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Understanding ecosystem response to drier climates calls for modeling the dynamics of dryland plant populations, which are crucial determinants of ecosystem function, as they constitute the basal level of whole food webs. Two modeling approaches are widely used in population dynamics, individual (agent)-based models and continuum partial-differential-equation (PDE) models. The latter are advantageous in lending themselves to powerful methodologies of mathematical analysis, but the question of whether they are suitable to describe small discrete plant populations, as is often found in dryland ecosystems, has remained largely unaddressed. In this paper, we first draw attention to two aspects of plants that distinguish them from most other organisms—high phenotypic plasticity and dispersal of stress-tolerant seeds—and argue in favor of PDE modeling, where the state variables that describe population sizes are not discrete number densities, but rather continuous biomass densities. We then discuss a few examples that demonstrate the utility of PDE models in providing deep insights into landscape-scale behaviors, such as the onset of pattern forming instabilities, multiplicity of stable ecosystem states, regular and irregular, and the possible roles of front instabilities in reversing desertification. We briefly mention a few additional examples, and conclude by outlining the nature of the information we should and should not expect to gain from PDE model studies.
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Wang, Yafei, Guoliang Yuan, and Xianping Fu. "Driver’s Head Pose and Gaze Zone Estimation Based on Multi-Zone Templates Registration and Multi-Frame Point Cloud Fusion." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 20, 2022): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093154.
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Head pose and eye gaze are vital clues for analysing a driver’s visual attention. Previous approaches achieve promising results from point clouds in constrained conditions. However, these approaches face challenges in the complex naturalistic driving scene. One of the challenges is that the collected point cloud data under non-uniform illumination and large head rotation is prone to partial facial occlusion. It causes bad transformation during failed template matching or incorrect feature extraction. In this paper, a novel estimation method is proposed for predicting accurate driver head pose and gaze zone using an RGB-D camera, with an effective point cloud fusion and registration strategy. In the fusion step, to reduce bad transformation, continuous multi-frame point clouds are registered and fused to generate a stable point cloud. In the registration step, to reduce reliance on template registration, multiple point clouds in the nearest neighbor gaze zone are utilized as a template point cloud. A coarse transformation computed by the normal distributions transform is used as the initial transformation, and updated with particle filter. A gaze zone estimator is trained by combining the head pose and eye image features, in which the head pose is predicted by point cloud registration, and the eye image features are extracted via multi-scale spare coding. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed strategy achieves better results on head pose tracking, and also has a low error on gaze zone classification.
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Shliakhtina, Elena V. "REDUPLICATION IN LITERARY PROSE (BASED ON THE WORKS OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN WRITERS)." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 23, no. 4 (2020): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2020-4-23-142-150.
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The article deals with the question of studying such linguistic means as reduplication in English literary prose. The paper contains a definition of the phenomenon as well as several classifications of reduplicatives based on formalstructural, compositional and some other principles. The article states that reduplication can be found in texts of different genres, for instance, in poetic, advertising and journalistic ones. However, it emphasizes that reduplication is significant when a piece of literary prose is created because it allows to highlight contextually important information and to show the shades of meaning. With the help of a continuous sampling method the examples of reduplicatives were picked from the works of british and american writers of XIX–XXI centuries. They were chosen on the basis of the principle: two or more units of content correspond to one unit of expression. The study contains the analysis of the following: a number of full, partial and divergent reduplicatives, a number of components in a reduplicative, its part of speech and topic, the way it is spelt and if it has any connotation. The results of the research show that in most cases the reduplicatives are nouns that contain two components. Many of them are pejorative. The majority of the reduplicatives are hyphenated as this is the most codified way of their spelling. The topics of the examples under study are quite various. Special attention is paid to author-individual reduplicatives. They make a piece of literary prose unique and help the writer to creatively implement his or her idea. The data prove that reduplication is a popular linguistic means when creating literary prose in English.
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Strilkova, T., O. Telezhkina, О. Babychenko, О. Kalmykov, and M. Piataikina. "Distance technologies - methods of dynamic perception of information as a basis for updating the content of education." New Collegium 3, no. 101 (October 12, 2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/nc.2020.3.25.
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The work is devoted to the study of students' attitude to the use of information technology in the educational process. The results of the survey of students on the perception of teachers and students of the process of information learning and the assimilation of materials for the courses they have mastered are analyzed.
Research is aimed at increasing the scientific mobility of students and teachers in the field of technical education by means of the introduction of distance learning methods and the ability to update the content of education. The main attention is paid to methods of updating information support of students for each type of classes, methods of combining general knowledge in specialties, which help to strengthen interdisciplinary links, methods of tracking course terminology and methods of combining theoretical and practical parts of the discipline.
The analysis of the use of remote technology in the conditions of COVID-19 is carried out. The world experience and the experience of Ukrainian universities are analyzed. The positive and negative aspects of distance learning are characterized from points of view of teachers and students.
The purposes and tasks facing students in the system of technical and physical and mathematical education in the conditions of distance learning are defined. The factors influencing quality of training experts in technical and physical and mathematical specialties in the conditions of distance learning technologies are discussed.
It is determined that the full or partial use of modern distance technologies will allow to achieve a qualitatively new level of higher education, which largely depends on understanding and using the modern information and communication technology. Methods of quality management of continuous technical and physical and mathematical education are defined. These methods will allow to train competitive professionals who will not only meet the current level of development of science and technology, but also ahead of it.
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Cheng, Chen, and Guang-Tao Zhang. "Deep Learning Method Based on Physics Informed Neural Network with Resnet Block for Solving Fluid Flow Problems." Water 13, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040423.
Full textAbstract:
Solving fluid dynamics problems mainly rely on experimental methods and numerical simulation. However, in experimental methods it is difficult to simulate the physical problems in reality, and there is also a high-cost to the economy while numerical simulation methods are sensitive about meshing a complicated structure. It is also time-consuming due to the billion degrees of freedom in relevant spatial-temporal flow fields. Therefore, constructing a cost-effective model to settle fluid dynamics problems is of significant meaning. Deep learning (DL) has great abilities to handle strong nonlinearity and high dimensionality that attracts much attention for solving fluid problems. Unfortunately, the proposed surrogate models in DL are almost black-box models and lack interpretation. In this paper, the Physical Informed Neural Network (PINN) combined with Resnet blocks is proposed to solve fluid flows depending on the partial differential equations (i.e., Navier-Stokes equation) which are embedded into the loss function of the deep neural network to drive the model. In addition, the initial conditions and boundary conditions are also considered in the loss function. To validate the performance of the PINN with Resnet blocks, Burger’s equation with a discontinuous solution and Navier-Stokes (N-S) equation with continuous solution are selected. The results show that the PINN with Resnet blocks (Res-PINN) has stronger predictive ability than traditional deep learning methods. In addition, the Res-PINN can predict the whole velocity fields and pressure fields in spatial-temporal fluid flows, the magnitude of the mean square error of the fluid flow reaches to 10−5. The inverse problems of the fluid flows are also well conducted. The errors of the inverse parameters are 0.98% and 3.1% in clean data and 0.99% and 3.1% in noisy data.