Dissertations / Theses: 'Continuous review'

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Edward, Drabold T. "BIOLOGICAL DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS MICROALGAE SYSTEMS: A REVIEW." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors161891425130329.

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Drabold, Edward T. "BIOLOGICAL DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS MICROALGAE SYSTEMS: A REVIEW." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors161891425130329.

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Chew, Ek Peng. "Continuous review (S,s) policies for multiechelon distribution systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25439.

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Ng, Yu-yan Amanda. "A review of emission trading and its implementation in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39602126.

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FRIE, FELIX, and GUSTAV HAMMMARLUND. "Exploring the Encounter of ContinuousDeployment and the Financial Industry." Thesis, KTH, Organisation och ledning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189755.

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The digitisation of the financial markets has led to IT becoming a vitalpart of financial institutions. The principles and practices of ContinuousDeployment (CD) are utilised to increase innovation through flexibilityand swiftness at many IT companies. This thesis explores the encounterof CD and the financial industry through participant observations andsemi-structured interviews with developers.We find in our study that practitioners in the financial industry usepractices that are part of a CD process. The specialisation of the systemsthat is evident in the industry could be considered a barrier for theadoption of a CD process. However, improved transparency that maycome as a result of CD is well aligned with the demands that are evidentin the industry. Furthermore, the requirement for code reviews mightimpact the ability to attain a continuous process, as it must be a manual.

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Parker, Jonathan Kimber. "Effects of an incremental continuous review homework format on seventh-grade mathematics achievement." Scholarly Commons, 1990. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3346.

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Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a particular form of distributed practice (John Saxon's incremental development) would be associated with significant achievement gains in seventh grade mathematics. Procedures. A quasi-experimental design utilizing a pretest-posttest format in which the experimental group was matched to a national norming sample was employed to examine achievement gains. The experimental group received one academic year of seventh grade mathematics instruction in which homework assignments employed Saxon's distributed practice format. Student achievement gains were measured with the mathematics portion of the Stanford Achievement Test. The results were subjected to t-tests and analysis of variance to determine significance. Results and conclusions. Small but significant gains were attained by students in the sample on the following portions of the Standford Achievement Test: Total Mathematics (p $<$.01), Concepts of Number subtest (p $<$.001), and Mathematics Computation subtest (p $<$.01). Significant gains were not attained on the Mathematics Applications subtest. Females showed somewhat greater achievement gains on the Concepts of Number subtest (p $<$.1) while males showed greater achievement gains on the Mathematics Computation subtest (p $<$.05). It was concluded that although mathematical learning at the seventh grade level can be positively influenced by a distributed practice homework format, the degree of that influence is probably not as great as can be found in verbal and psychomotor learning.

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Howard, Christian. "Myopic Allocation in Two-level Distribution Systems with Continuous Review and Time Based Dispatching." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10410.

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This thesis studies the allocation of stock in a two-level inventory system with stochastic demand. The system consists of one central warehouse which supplies N non-identical retailers with one single product. Customer demand occurs solely at the retailers and follows independent Poisson processes. The purpose is to investigate the value of using a more advanced allocation policy than First Come-First Serve at the central warehouse. The focus is on evaluating how well the simple First Come-First Serve assumption works in a system where the warehouse has access to real-time point-of-sale data, and where shipments are time based and consolidated for all retailers. The considered allocation policy is a myopic policy where the solution to a minimization problem, formulated as a constrained newsvendor problem, determines how the warehouse allocates its stock to the retailers. The minimization problem is solved using (a heuristic method based on) Lagrangian relaxation, and simulation is used to evaluate the average inventory holding costs and backorder costs per time unit when using the considered policy. The simulation study shows that cost savings around 1-4 percent can be expected for most system configurations. However, there were cases where savings were as high as 5 percent, as well as cases where the policy performed worse than First Come-First Serve. The study also shows that the highest cost savings are found in systems with relatively low demand, few retailers, short transportation times and a short time interval between shipments.

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Zaib, Shah, and Pavan Kumar Lakshmisetty. "A systematical literature review and industrial survey in addressing the possible impacts with the continuous testing and delivery during DevOps transformation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21107.

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Context: Digital transformation poses new challenges to the organization. Market needs and competition in business have changed the continuous testing environment and continuous delivery in software organizations. There is a great possibility of conflict between the development and testing operations because they are a separate entity in large organizations. Organizations where testers, developers, and operation teams do not communicate well and lack collaboration can have their productivity affected negatively. This leads to defects and errors at the early stage of the development process. DevOps’ approach enhances the integration, delivery, performance,and communication between the developers, testers, and operational members. Organizations are reluctant to apply DevOps practices because there is a lack of agreement on DevOps characteristics. The most difficult part of a large organization is DevOpsadaptation and its implementation because of its legacy structure. It is required to get an understanding of DevOps implementation in organizations before they start transforming. Objectives: The thesis aims to identify the challenges in organizations towards continuous delivery and provide a list of techniques or strategies to overcome continuous testing and DevOps challenges. This thesis also identifies the communication challenges between continuous testing and delivery teams during the COVID-19 pandemic and the software architecture effect on testing in the DevOps environment. Methods: To achieve the research goal a multiple research method techniques are applied. A systematic literature review is conducted to identify the literature and to meet the research goal. A survey is conducted for the verification of the data from SLR. An interview is used as a data collection method in Survey and explores the actual process of continuous testing and delivery in large DevOps companies. Results: A list of challenges to large organizations towards continuous delivery is generated. A list of strategies and solutions towards the challenges of continuous testing and DevOps is generated. A list of post COVID-19 communication challenges between testing and delivery groups in DevOps is created. A list of software architecture and production environment effects on testing is also generated. After analyzing the SLR results, a survey is conducted to validate the results from software practitioners. Thematic analysis is performed on the results. "Finally", the findings from the SLR and Survey are compared. Conclusions: This research’s findings can help researchers, industry practitioners, and someone who wants to investigate further the possible effects with the continuous testing and delivery during DevOps transformation. We observed that industry practitioners could enhance their communication channels by reviewing the post-COVID-19 communication challenges between testing and delivery teams. We also observed that there is more research required to continue on this topic.

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吳宇茵 and Yu-yan Amanda Ng. "A review of emission trading and its implementation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013780.

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Gonzalez, Aleu Gonzalez Fernando. "An Empirical Investigation of Critical Success Factors for Continuous Improvement Projects in Hospitals." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82046.

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A continuous improvement project (CIP) is a structured improvement project using a team of people "typically representing different departments or units in the organization" working to improve a process or work area over a relatively short period of time, such as a few days or up to several months. A CIP may use different improvement methodologies and tools, and may thus be defined according to the improvement approach. For instance, an organization adopting Lean as an improvement approach is likely to have CIPs implementing Lean tools, such as 5S or value stream mapping. These projects may be referred to as Lean projects in general, although they may also represent accelerated improvement projects such as Kaizen events, Kaizen blitz, or rapid improvement projects. Alternatively, an organization utilizing Six Sigma as an improvement approach may have Six Sigma projects that use the Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) process and statistical tools. Some organizations adopt an integrated improvement approach, such as Lean Six Sigma, and therefore may have CIPs with an even broader set of tools from which to choose. Lastly, many organizations may have an improvement approach not characterized by any single set of improvement processes and tools, and thus, may be thought of generally as process improvement, or quality improvement, projects using a traditional methodology as plan-do-study/check-act (PDSA or PDCA). In this dissertation, all of these types of improvement projects are referred as CIPs. Since the 1980s, hospitals have been using CIPs to address some of the problems in hospitals, such as quality in healthcare delivery, internal process efficiency, communication and coordination, and the cost of services. Some hospitals have achieved significant improvements, such as reducing the turnaround time for clinical laboratory results by 60 percent and reducing instrumentation decontaminations and sterilization cycle time by 70 percent. However, as with many other companies, hospitals often experience difficulty achieving their desired level of improvements with CIPs. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) related to CIP success. In order to achieve this goal, five objectives were achieved: creating a methodology to assess the maturity or evolution of a research field (manuscript #1), identifying a comprehensive list of CSFs for CIPs (manuscript #2), assessing the maturity of the published literature on CIPs in hospitals (manuscript #3), identifying the most important factors related to CIPs in hospitals (manuscript #4) , and conducting an empirical investigation to define the CSFs for CIPs in hospital settings (manuscript #5 and #6). This investigation was conducted in three phases: research framing, variable reduction, and model development and testing. During these phases, the researcher used the following methodologies and data collection tools: systematic literature review, maturity framework (developed as part of this dissertation), expert study, retrospective survey questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis, partial-least squares structural equation modeling, and regression modeling. A maturity framework with nine dimensions was created (manuscript #1) and applied in order to identify a list of 53 factors related to CIP in general, involving any organization (manuscript #2). Additionally, the maturity framework was used to assess the literature available on CIPs in hospitals, considering only the authorship characteristic dimension (manuscript #3). Considering the frequency of new authors per year, the relative new integration of research groups, and the limited set of predominant authors, the research field, or area, of CIPs in hospitals is one with opportunities for improving maturity. Using the systematic literature review from manuscript #3, the list of 53 factors, and the list of predominant authors, a review of the literature was conducted, along with an expert study to more fully characterize the importance of various factors (manuscript #4). A conclusion from this particular work was that it is not possible to reduce the list of 53 factors based on these results, thus, a field study using the complete comprehensive list of factors was determined to have stronger practical implications. A field study was conducted to identify factors most related to CIP perceived success (manuscript #5) and CIP goal achievement (manuscript #6). The final results and practical implications of this dissertation consist in the identification of the following CSFs for CIP success in hospitals: Goal Characteristics, Organizational Processes, Improvement Processes, and Team Operation. These CSFs include several specific factors that, to the researcher's knowledge, have not been previously studied in empirical investigations: goal development process, organizational policies and procedures, CIP progress reporting, and CIP technical documentation. Practitioners involved with CIPs, such as CIP leaders, facilitators, stakeholders/customers, and continuous improvement managers/leaders, can utilize these results to increase the likelihood of success by considering these factors in planning and conducting CIPs. Ph. D.

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Ayana, Haimanot, and Sarah Al-Swej. "A review of two financial market models: the Black--Scholes--Merton and the Continuous-time Markov chain models." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55417.

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The objective of this thesis is to review the two popular mathematical models of the financialderivatives market. The models are the classical Black–Scholes–Merton and the Continuoustime Markov chain (CTMC) model. We study the CTMC model which is illustrated by themathematician Ragnar Norberg. The thesis demonstrates how the fundamental results ofFinancial Engineering work in both models.The construction of the main financial market components and the approach used for pricingthe contingent claims were considered in order to review the two models. In addition, the stepsused in solving the first–order partial differential equations in both models are explained.The main similarity between the models are that the financial market components are thesame. Their contingent claim is similar and the driving processes for both models utilizeMarkov property.One of the differences observed is that the driving process in the BSM model is the Brownianmotion and Markov chain in the CTMC model.We believe that the thesis can motivate other students and researchers to do a deeper andadvanced comparative study between the two models.

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Ausich, Mary Kathryn. "Predictors of Success for Adults with Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy: A Retrospective Review." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1267709402.

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Strand, Anton. "Continuous Integration Pipelines to Assess Programming Assignments : Test Like a Professional." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96713.

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Examiners of programming assignments in higher education and people in the software industry both need to test and review code. However, the assessing techniques used are often quite different. The IT industry often uses agile work methods like continuous integration and automated tests, while examiners either do manual assessments or rely on code grading tools. The students will most likely become developers and work using agile processes. Therefore, there are possible benefits of universities trying to imitate the work processes of the software industry. The purpose of this study was to develop a workflow for programming assignments inspired by continuous integration, Scrum, and GitLab flow. The workflow was developed based on the requirements of Linnaeus University and tested on one of their programming assignments. It showed that a simplified agile work process is suitable for programming assignments since the demonstration fulfilled all of the predefined requirements. However, examiners might miss some of the workflow’s benefits if the programming assignment can not be tested automatically since it will require more manual work while grading.

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Mangotra, Divya. "Integrated Decisions for Supply Chain Design and Inventory Allocation Problem." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19814.

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Manufacturing outsourcing in the U.S. has never been stronger than it is today. Increased outsourcing has led to significant changes in the design of the retail distribution network. While the traditional distribution network had the manufacturing plants supplying goods to the retail stores directly, the off-shore manufacturing has increased the network's demand for transportation and warehousing to deliver the goods. Thus, most companies have a complex distribution network with several import and regional distribution centers (RDC). In this thesis, we study an integrated facility location and inventory allocation problem for designing a distribution network with multiple national (import) distribution centers (NDC) and retailers. The key decisions are where to locate the RDCs and how much inventory to hold at the different locations such that the total network cost is minimized under a pre-defined operational rule for the distribution of goods. In particular, the inventory cost analysis is based on the continuous review batch ordering policy and the base-stock policy. Both Type-I (probability of stock-outs) and Type-II (fill-rate) service level measures are used in the analysis. Two different models are presented in this thesis for solving the integrated facility location-inventory allocation problem. The first model, continuous approximation (CA), assumes the distribution network to be located in a continuous region and replaces the discrete store locations with a store density function. The second model is a discrete representation of the problem as a mixed integer programming problem. Both the models take a nonlinear form and solution techniques are developed using the theory of nonlinear programming and linear reformulation of nonlinear problems. The goal of the first part of the thesis is to model the problem using a modified CA approach and an iterative solution scheme is presented to solve it. The main contribution of this work lies in developing a refined CA modeling technique when the discrete data cannot be modeled by a continuous function. In addition, the numerical analysis suggests that the total network cost is significantly lower in the case of the integrated model as compared with the non-integrated model. It is also shown that the regular CA approach leads to a solution which is inferior to the solution obtained by the modified CA approach. Our analysis shows that the type of service measure used affects the network design. In the second part of the thesis, the problem is modeled as a nonlinear mixed integer program and a linear reformulation solution technique is proposed to obtain a lower bound on the original problem. Computational results are presented for small problem instances. We conclude this part of the thesis by presenting an integrated model when a base stock inventory policy is used. A drop-decomposition heuristic is proposed to solve this problem.

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Roman, Yuani M., Mariah C. Dominguez, Tommy M. Easow, Vinay Pasupuleti, C. Michael White, and Adrian V. Hernandez. "Effects of intermittent versus continuous dieting on weight and body composition in obese and overweight people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." Nature Publishing Group, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624649.

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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. Background: Intermittent dieting may be an alternative to continuous dieting for weight reduction. Objective: To evaluate the effect of intermittent dieting versus continuous dieting on weight and body composition in overweight or obese adults. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Five databases were searched until February 2018 for RCTs comparing intermittent versus continuous dieting. Intermittent dieting consisted of two types: regular intermittent was caloric restriction interspersed with days of weight maintenance or ad libitum eating; intensified intermittent was caloric restriction interspersed with days of even lower caloric restriction. Continuous was continual caloric restriction. Primary outcomes were weight, body fat, lean mass, waist circumference, hip circumference, and energy expenditure. Data were pooled by the inverse variance method using random-effects models and expressed as mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Nine trials met the inclusion criteria (n = 782), six comparing regular intermittent vs continuous (n = 553), and three comparing intensified intermittent vs continuous (n = 229). Populations were heterogeneous: obese only in five studies, and overweight or obese (mixed) in four studies. Lean mass was significantly lower in regular intermittent vs continuous (MD −0.86 kg; 95% CI −1.62 to −0.10; p = 0.03). No differences were found for the remaining outcomes for both comparisons (regular intermittent or intensified intermittent vs continuous). There was low heterogeneity of effects across trials. Subgroup effects by time to follow-up, gender, per-protocol versus intention-to-treat, enforced exercise, and diabetes were similar to main analyses. Conclusions: This systematic review in obese and overweight individuals showed that regular intermittent dieting decreased lean mass compared to continuous dieting. There were no differences in effects for either intermittent vs continuous interventions across all other outcomes. In contrast to previous systematic reviews, this study suggested that lean mass is better preserved in continuous dieting compared to regular intermittent dieting. Revisión por pares

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Correia, Gonçalo Emanuel Coimbra Lamas Pereira. "Gestão de stocks numa unidade de ressonância magnética." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3476.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial Nos últimos anos a gestão de stocks tornou-se numa ferramenta fundamental para os prestadores de cuidados de saúde, que procuram a racionalização de custos com medicamentos e materical clínico, através de uma maior eficiência operacional. Este trabalho visa o estudo da relação entre classificações e modelos de gestão de stocks, e ilustra a sua aplicação em prestadores de cuidados de saúde, na área da imagiologia, em particular numa unidade de ressonância magnética. Neste estudo optou-se por uma classificação de stocks baseada em métodos analíticos, a classificação ABC, e uma classificação de stocks com base no conhecimento e experiência do gestor de stocks, a classificação XYZ, procurando definir políticas de gestão de stocks mais fiáveis, que se traduzam em manter o nível de stock correcto para ir ao encontro das necessidades, ao menor custo. Os modelos de gestão de stocks, procuram ajudar a responder a questões como quanto e quando repor os stocks, com o objectivo de escolher a melhor solução que corresponde a um custo total de aprovisionamento anual mínimo. Neste estudo optou-se pelo modelo de revisão contínua que proporciona um controlo constante e pelo modelo de revisão periódica para uma monitorização mais espaçada no tempo. Com base nestes estudos, propôs-se uma classificação mista ou tabela de políticas de gestão de stocks e analisou-se o seu impacto num prestador de cuidados de saúde. In recent years, stock management has become a fundamental tool for healthcare providers who seek to rationalize drug and clinical material costs, through greater operational efficiency. This work aims to study the relationship between ratings and models of stock management, and to illustrate its application in healthcare providers in the area of diagnostic imaging, particularly in a magnetic resonance unit. In this study we chose a classification of stocks based on analytical methods, ABC classification, supplemented by knowledge and experience of the stock manager, XYZ classification, trying to define policies for stock management more reliable, which result in maintaining the level stock proper to meet the needs at the lowest cost. The models of stock management, seeking to help answer questions like how much and when to replenish stocks in order to choose the best solution that corresponds to a minimum total cost of the annual supply. In this study we opted for the continuous review model that provides a constant monitoring and periodic review model for monitoring more spaced in time. Based on these studies, we proposed a table stock management policy and discussed its impact in a healthcare provider.

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Ozpamukcu, Serkan. "An Assessment Of A Two-echelon Inventory System Againstalternative Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613949/index.pdf.

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In this study, we focus on a real life problem that involves a single item which is used in military operations. The items in use fail according to a Poisson process and lead times are deterministic. Four alternative inventory control models are developed. Among these models, a two-echelon system consisting of a depot in the upper and several bases in the lower echelon is operated currently. This system is compared to a single-echelon system that consists of several bases. The comparison reveals the importance of the holding cost incurred for the items intransit between the depot and the base which is ignored in most of the studies in literature. Both the two and single-echelon models are also extended to have repair ability. A continuous-review base-stock policy is used for all models. Exact models are formulated. The results are obtained under various lead time, unit costs and demand parameters. Results of four different settings are compared and the findings are reported.

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Gonzaga, Carolina Silva. "Ventilação mecânica não-invasiva em crianças com insuficiência respiratória aguda: uma revisão sistemática da literatura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-16022009-130828/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A ventilação não-invasiva consiste na aplicação de pressão positiva na via aérea do paciente através de máscaras e interfaces sem a utilização de uma cânula intratraqueal. A presença da cânula na traquéia e outros fatores relacionados à ventilação invasiva convencional são responsáveis por diversas complicações. O uso da ventilação não-invasiva e o desenvolvimento de estudos sobre o tema têm aumentado nos últimos anos, com o objetivo de prevenir ou amenizar as complicações da ventilação invasiva. Em grupos selecionados de pacientes adultos, a ventilação nãoinvasiva é responsável pela diminuição da necessidade de intubação, mortalidade e custos hospitalares. Em pediatria, o número de estudos ainda é reduzido. OBJETIVOS: 1) Descrever os aspectos gerais relacionados ao uso da ventilação não-invasiva (interfaces, ventiladores, modos, pressões, tempo de uso e cuidados) em crianças e adolescentes com insuficiência respiratória aguda. 2) Avaliar a eficácia e a efetividade do uso da ventilação não-invasiva em crianças e adolescentes com insuficiência respiratória aguda. 3) Descrever as complicações da ventilação não-invasiva em crianças e adolescentes com insuficiência respiratória aguda. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas seguintes bases de dados: Medline, Lilacs, Embase e Colaboração Cochrane, no período de 1966 a maio de 2006, utilizando os seguintes termos: ventilação não-invasiva, CPAP, BIPAP, falha respiratória aguda, hipoxemia e hipercapnia. Os desfechos analisados incluíam: necessidade de intubação, mortalidade, efeitos sobre a oxigenação e ventilação. RESULTADOS: Das 120 publicações encontradas, 11 foram incluídas nesta revisão, sendo um ensaio clínico randomizado, uma revisão sistemática e nove séries de casos, envolvendo um total de 145 pacientes. A ventilação não-invasiva acarretou melhora clínica, e gasométrica dos pacientes. Apenas quatro, dos cento e quarenta e cinco pacientes, morreram. A maioria dos estudos, porém, não tinha grupo controle, o que impossibilitou uma análise da relação causal entre a ventilação não-invasiva em estudo e os efeitos encontrados. CONCLUSÕES: Devido ao reduzido número de ensaios clínicos randomizados, os dados mais atuais sugerem que a ventilação não-invasiva é ainda uma terapia experimental para crianças com IRtA INTRODUCTION: The non invasive ventilation consists of the application of positive pressure in the airway of the patient through masks and interfaces without the use of a traqueal cannula. The presence of the cannula in the trachea and other factors related to the conventional invasive ventilation is responsible for diverse complications. The use of the non invasive ventilation and the development of studies on the subject have increased in the last years, with the objective to prevent and to brighten up the complications of the invasive ventilation. In selected groups of adult patients use of non invasive ventilation provides effective respiratory support while avoiding the need for endotracheal intubation and mortality decrease. OBJECTIVES: 1) Describe the general aspects related to the use of the non invasive ventilation (interfaces, fans, ways, pressures, time of use and cares) in children and adolescents with acute respiratory insufficience. 2) Avaliar the efficacy and the effectiveness of the use of the non invasive ventilation in children and adolescents with acute respiratory insufficience. 3) Describe the complications of the non invasive ventilation in children and adolescents with acute respiratory insufficience. METHODOLOGY: The medology consisted of a systematic review of literature on non invasive ventilation. The research was performed using: Medline, Lilacs, Embase and Cochrane Collaboration in the period of 1966 to the May of 2006, using the following terms: non invasive ventilation, CPAP, BIPAP, acute respiratory failure, hipoxemia and hipercapnia. The outcomes evaluted were: necessity of endotracheal intubation, mortality, effect on the oxygenation and ventilation. RESULTS: Of the 120 publications founded, 11 were to analyse the eficacy of the non invasive ventilation in the treatment of acute respiratory failure in pediatric patients. Of the 11 clinical trials, one was systematic review, one was randomized clinical trial and six were case series, involving a total of 145 patients. A decrease in respiratory rate, heart rate and an improvment in oxigenation and ventilation were related in all patients. Only four patients (4/145) died. However, the majority of the studies did not have control group what it disabled an analysis of the causal relation enters the non invasive ventilation in study and the outcomes evaluated. CONCLUSIONS:Because the reduced number of randomizaded clinical trials, the current data suggest that the non invasive ventilation is still an experimental therapy for children with acute respiratory failure

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Soriano, Maria Lynn. "Student-Consultant Continuum: Incorporating Writing Center Techniques of Peer Review Into the Composition Classroom." John Carroll University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=jcu1288706104.

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Wetzel, Angela. "Factor Analysis Methods and Validity Evidence: A Systematic Review of Instrument Development Across the Continuum of Medical Education." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2385.

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Previous systematic reviews indicate a lack of reporting of reliability and validity evidence in subsets of the medical education literature. Psychology and general education reviews of factor analysis also indicate gaps between current and best practices; yet, a comprehensive review of exploratory factor analysis in instrument development across the continuum of medical education had not been previously identified. Therefore, the purpose for this study was critical review of instrument development articles employing exploratory factor or principal component analysis published in medical education (2006-2010) to describe and assess the reporting of methods and validity evidence based on the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing and factor analysis best practices. Data extraction of 64 articles measuring a variety of constructs that have been published throughout the peer-reviewed medical education literature indicate significant errors in the translation of exploratory factor analysis best practices to current practice. Further, techniques for establishing validity evidence tend to derive from a limited scope of methods including reliability statistics to support internal structure and support for test content. Instruments reviewed for this study lacked supporting evidence based on relationships with other variables and response process, and evidence based on consequences of testing was not evident. Findings suggest a need for further professional development within the medical education researcher community related to 1) appropriate factor analysis methodology and reporting and 2) the importance of pursuing multiple sources of reliability and validity evidence to construct a well-supported argument for the inferences made from the instrument. Medical education researchers and educators should be cautious in adopting instruments from the literature and carefully review available evidence. Finally, editors and reviewers are encouraged to recognize this gap in best practices and subsequently to promote instrument development research that is more consistent through the peer-review process.

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Skoog, Rebecka. "Records continuum i arkivvetenskaplig forskning : Kontinuummodellens och kontinuumidéernas användning i 22 arkivvetenskapliga artiklar publicerade 2005 - 2018." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-401059.

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This study examines uses of the records continuum model and related continuum concepts and ideas within the broader field of archival research. By analysing the different ways researchers understand and use the model and related concepts the study aims to contribute new knowledge regarding the records continuum model and its roles in contemporary archival science. The study is a literature review within a qualitative, interpretative paradigm. The review method shares some traits with a systematic literature review through systematicity in the search process and the procedure of selecting articles for the study. These were delimited to English written, peer reviewed, archival science articles published 2005-2018 which use the records continuum model (RCM) in their own studies. Systematicity is also present in analysis through a set of questions that seek to link the research goals within the studies with the purposes of using the RCM and the perceived value of its application. This combination of questions offers a method to get hold of some of the functions and roles of the RCM in archival science. An analysis of the research goals within the articles revealed societal as well as theoretical/methodological goals. Different uses of the RCM were further explored – by analysing motives for including the RCM and related concepts as well as the authors descriptions of their application. The identified goals and an interpretation of the ways the RCM and related ideas were used were then connected, and further interpreted with the help of a theoretical framework consisting of (1) the abilities of theoretical frameworks (according to Anfara 2008), (2) a typology of theories in Information Systems studies (according to Gregor 2006) and (3) the purposes of modelling in science (according to Hofman 2017). The results enabled a discussion on the roles of the RCM in archival research. The study is of value since it identifies the goals within some RCM research and connects these goals with the purposes of using the RCM and related ideas, which might support a continuing discussion on the roles of the RCM in archival science. The study further has a merit in providing a survey of the RCM in contemporary research through a perspective “from without”. This perspective is arrived at partly by including studies from both continuum researchers in the know, as well as from individual researchers of different proximity to continuum thinking and the RCM as a theoretical model; partly by the fact that the author is not a researcher within a community of continuum thinkers or researchers. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archival Science.

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Gulston, Karel. "The challenges experienced by educators in primary schools regarding continuous professional development." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28302.

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The transition from apartheid to democracy in South Africa, which began in 1994 led to a change in a plethora of policies and/or legislation. In recent years there has been much debate on how the standard of education provisioning in schools could be raised in the light of the introduction of the much debated Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS) and thereafter the National Curriculum Statement (NCS). These reform initiatives have brought about confusion and a sense of unsettledness amongst educators, including principals as well as their School Management Teams. Furthermore, the abovementioned and other policies required educators to acquaint themselves with either the materials that are used or the content of the curriculum and the planning and presentation of lessons. This entails in some occasions that educators who are more experienced have to assist the less experienced ones since they understand the RNCS and more recently the NCS better than the others. According to me this emphasises the importance of educator development towards raising the standards in schools. Continuous Professional Development (CPD) is a process that fits the role of an educator as a lifelong learner. The aforementioned is captured in the Norms and Standards for Educators (2000). The need for more attention to be accorded to the professional development of practising educators is emphasised in the Report of the Ministerial Committee on Teacher Education (2005). This report led to the development of the National Policy Framework for Teacher Education and Development which has as its aim to attempt to address the need for suitably qualified educators in South Africa. The National Policy Framework for Teacher Education and Development will be used in this study along with the Integrated Quality Management Systems (IQMS) as tools to achieve the continuous development of educators in South African schools. The Personnel Administration Measures (PAM) of 1999 are also used since they stipulate the roles and responsibilities of the educator, including those of the principal, deputy principal(s) as well as the heads of department. In particular it stipulates that the principal (Department of Education, 1999:10) is responsible for the development of staff training programmes, school-based, school-focused and externally directed, and to assist educators, particularly new and inexperienced educators, in developing and achieving educational objectives in accordance with the needs of the school. This research project deals with the challenges experienced by educators regarding their own Continued Professional Development (CPD). It thus aims at coming up with an empirical account of the challenges experienced by the said educators. The study will focus on, among others, the educators’ experiences in the implementation of the IQMS as a developmental tool for educators in schools. It looks at the roles that different staff members in senior positions in terms of the CPD of the educators. These include the developmental opportunities available in the sampled schools. Carefully selected and drafted interview questions assisted me in soliciting answers from the sampled educators. Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011. Education Management and Policy Studies unrestricted

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Lebret, Marius. "Etude des déterminants des fuites non-intentionnelles au cours du traitement des troubles respiratoires du sommeil par pression positive et développement de stratégies innovantes pour le choix des masques et la gestion des fuites Factors contributing to unintentional leak during CPAP treatment : a systematic review Determinants of unintentional leak during CPAP treatment in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Score to Guide Mask Selection in CPAP-Treated Obstructive Sleep Apnea N and Borel J-C. Comparison of auto-and fixed -continuous positive airway pressure on -air-leak in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea : data from a randomized controlled trial Adherence to CPAP with a nasal mask combined with mandibular advancement device versus an oronasal mask: a randomized crossover trial Nasal obstruction and male gender contribute to the persistence of mouth opening during sleep in CPAP-treated obstructive sleep apnoea." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAS025.

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Au cours du traitement du syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil (SAOS) par pression positive continue (PPC), les fuites non-intentionnelles sont un des effets indésirables les plus fréquents mais leur étiologie est mal comprise. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’identifier les facteurs déterminants des fuites non-intentionnelles au cours du traitement du SAOS par PPC et de proposer des stratégies pour le choix du masque et la gestion des fuites.Dans notre revue de la littérature, nous avons arbitrairement classifié les déterminants potentiels à l’origine de fuites non-intentionnelles en deux catégories. 1) les déterminants non évolutifs au cours de la nuit : l’obstruction nasale, l’âge, un indice de masse corporel élevé, une distribution centrale des masses adipeuses et le genre masculin étaient des déterminants potentiels des fuites non-intentionnelles. Le masque naso-buccal était également associé à des fuites non-intentionnelles plus élevées que le masque nasal ; et 2) les déterminants évolutifs au cours du sommeil tels que les stades de sommeil, la position, l’ouverture buccale. Nous avons étudié ces déterminants évolutifs dans une population de 74 patients SAOS traités par PPC auto-pilotée : l’ouverture buccale, le niveau de pression de la PPC, la position du sujet et le sommeil paradoxal contribuaient au risque de fuite non-intentionnelle. Nous avons également mis en évidence que le masque naso-buccal réduisait le risque de fuite non-intentionnelle en cas d’ouverture buccale et au cours du sommeil paradoxal. Puisque le niveau de pression est un déterminant des fuites non-intentionnelles, nous avons évalué par une analyse ancillaire d’un essai randomisé contrôlé, si le mode de PPC (fixe versus autopiloté) pouvait contribuer aux fuites : nous n’avons pas montré d’association entre le mode et le niveau de fuites après 4 mois de traitement. Le mode PPC n’influençait pas le type de masque utilisé par les patients. Enfin, au cours d’une étude prospective incluant de 214 patients, nous avons évalué l’intérêt du questionnaire Nasal Obstruction Syndrom Evaluation (NOSE) comme outil pour guider le choix du masque. Un score NOSE > 50/100 à l’initiation de la PPC était indépendamment associé à l’utilisation d’un masque naso-buccal après 4 mois de traitement. Ce score est un outil simple pour évaluer objectivement les symptômes d’obstruction nasale et faciliter le choix de l’interface la plus appropriée. En conclusion, au cours de cette thèse nous avons développé une méthode innovante d’analyse des déterminants des fuites non-intentionnelles dont l’application clinique pourrait permettre la mise en place des stratégies de corrections individualisées des fuites. Cela devra faire l’objet d’une évaluation prospective, tout comme l’intérêt clinique de l’utilisation en routine du score NOSE pour guide le choix du masque.Mots clés : syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil, pression positive continue, fuites, masque, interface, obstruction nasale, sommeil Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is the first-line treatment for moderate to severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) syndrome. Unintentional leakage and its annoying consequences are the most frequently reported adverse effects. However, the causes of unintentional leaks are poorly understood. This thesis aimed at identifying the determining factors of unintentional leaks during CPAP treatment in OSA and developping innovative strategies for the selection of masks and leaks management.In our systematic review we have arbitrarily split the potential determining factors of leaks into two categories: 1) the non evolving factors overnight: nasal obstruction, age, high body mass index, central fat distribution and male sex were potential contributing factors associated with unintentional leakage. The oronasal mask was associated with higher unintentional leaks than the nasal mask; and 2) the evolving factors overnight such as sleep stages, body position, mouth opening and CPAP level. We studied these evolving factors in 74 OSA patients treated with auto-adjusting CPAP: mouth opening, CPAP level, body position and REM sleep were independently associated with an increased risk of unintentional leakage. We also highlighted that oronasal masks reduced the risk of unintentional leaks in cases of mouth opening and REM sleep. Since the CPAP level is a determining factor of leakage we evaluated through an ancillary analysis of a randomised controlled trial whether the type of CPAP (fixed versus auto-adjusting) could contribute to leakage. In this study, there was no effect of type of CPAP on leaks or the type of interface used after 4 month of treatment. Finally, in 214 patients, we prospectively evaluated the relevance of the Nasal Obstruction Syndrom Evaluation (NOSE) score as a simple decision-making tool to guide the choice of mask during CPAP initiation. A NOSE score > 50/100 at the initiation was independently associated with the use of an oronasal mask at 4 month. This score could be a simple tool for the objective assessment of nasal obstruction related to symptoms, facilitating the choice of an appropriate interface. As a conclusion, during this thesis we have developed a novel methodology to characterise and analyse the overnight determinants of unintentional leakage. Its clinical application could lead to individualised corrective measures of leaks. Further studies are needed to prospectively validate this model, as well as the clinical relevance of the NOSE score to guide the choice of mask in daily practice

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Brits, Hans Jacob. "A model for the integration of quality management, planning and resource allocation at South African universities / Hans J. Brits." Thesis, North West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12828.

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Institutions of higher learning in South Africa should establish and sustain their own quality management systems. These systems should improve quality of the core business of higher education i.e. teaching and learning, research and community engagement. It should yield reliable information for internal planning as well as external monitoring purposes. The integration of quality management with planning and resource allocation within a framework of continuous improvement is viewed as fundamental elements for successful quality management of institutions of higher learning. A key assumption of this research is that quality management models should be underpinned by the systems theory in order to enhance the integration of quality management, planning and resource allocation on institutional strategic, tactical and operational levels. This study utilised the key elements and phases of the PDCA and ADRI models to develop a model for the integration of quality management, planning and resource allocation within a context of continuous improvement This model will be suitable for implementation by one of the institutions of higher learning in South Africa that fails, according to its latest HEQC audit to integrate quality management, planning and resource allocation. It offers also a conceptual framework for any institution of higher learning that fails to integrate quality management, planning and resource allocation. Ph.D., Education, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010

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Tully-Needler, Kelly Lynn. "Last Word in Art Shades: The Textual State of James Joyce's Ulysses." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1605.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2007. Title from screen (viewed on March 6, 2008). Department of English, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Ken Davis, Jonathan R. Eller, William F. Touponce. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 214-228).

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26

Monteil, Hélène. "Development and implementation of the Bio-electro-Fenton process : application to the removal of pharmaceuticals from water A review on efficiency and cost effectiveness of electro- and bio-electro-Fenton processes: application to the treatment of pharmaceutical pollutants in water. Efficient removal of diuretic hydrochlorothiazide from water by electro-Fenton process using BDD anode: a kinetic and degradation pathway study Electro-Fenton treatment of the widely used analgesic tramadol using BDD anode: a kinetic, energetic and degradation pathway study Efficiency of a new pilot scale continuous reactor for wastewater treatment by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: influence of operating conditions and focus on hydrodynamics Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes combined with a biological treatment for wastewater treatment: a deep understanding on the influence of operating conditions and global efficiency." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2045.

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Les procédés électrochimiques d'oxydation avancée constituent une technologie efficace pour traiter les produits pharmaceutiques car ils permettent la formation d'oxydants puissants tels que les radicaux hydroxyles capables d'éliminer presque tout type de contaminants organiques grâce à leur très haut pouvoir oxydant. Parmi eux, l’électro-Fenton et l’oxydation anodique sont des méthodes respectueuses de l'environnement car ils n'utilisent aucun réactif chimique (oxydation anodique) ou uniquement l'oxygène de l'air et des ions fer en tant que catalyseur (électro-Fenton).Dans cette thèse, quatre produits pharmaceutiques appartenant à des familles différentes ont été sélectionnés en fonction de leur toxicité et de leur présence dans les eaux de l'environnement. Leur élimination de l'eau a été effectuée par électro-Fenton. Les objectifs de ce travail étaient de déterminer (i) les meilleures conditions opératoires à l’échelle du laboratoire (courant et concentration du catalyseur), (ii) la cinétique de dégradation et de minéralisation et enfin (iii) de proposer une voie de minéralisation basée sur des intermédiaires aromatiques, des acides carboxyliques et des ions libérés dans la solution.Comme ces traitements ont été appliqués avec succès, un réacteur pilote composé alternativement d'anodes en BDD et de cathodes en feutre de carbone, doté d’un système d'aération et fonctionnant en mode continu a été construit pour évaluer la faisabilité d’un changement d’échelle et se diriger vers une pré-industrialisation du procédé. Différentes configurations d'électrodes ont été testées. Le débit et le courant se sont avérés être plus influents sur le taux de minéralisation et sur la consommation d'énergie, respectivement. Pour mieux comprendre le rôle du débit et des configurations, une étude hydrodynamique a été réalisée. Le modèle hydrodynamique a été associé à un modèle cinétique de minéralisation afin d'obtenir un modèle permettant de prédire le pourcentage de minéralisation à différentes positions à l'intérieur du réacteur en régime permanent. Ainsi, ce modèle peut aider à optimiser les conditions opératoires et à dimensionner les futurs réacteurs en fonction de l’objectif de minéralisation du traitement (taux de minéralisation élevé, traitement combiné, flux élevé,…).Afin de réduire les coûts opératoires, la combinaison d’un procédé électrochimique et d’un traitement biologique a ensuite été étudiée. Afin d’obtenir un traitement combiné efficace, il a été constaté que le traitement électrochimique devait (i) dégrader l'hydrochlorothiazide (ii) réduire de manière significative la concentration de ses intermédiaires aromatiques car ils inhibent de manière significative l'activité bactérienne, (iii) favoriser la formation de molécules biodégradables telles que les acides carboxyliques. La biodégradation de quatre acides carboxyliques formés lors du traitement par électro-Fenton de l'hydrochlorothiazide a également été étudiée. Il a été démontré qu'ils étaient dégradés de manière séquentielle avec différentes phases de latence et cinétiques de dégradation. Ainsi, pour les minéraliser, un réacteur de type «piston» est recommandé. La combinaison de traitement a ensuite été appliquée à un traitement électrochimique effectué à faible courant avec une anode en BDD et une anode en Platine. Un degré de minéralisation de 38 et 50% a été obtenu par le traitement biologique permettant d'atteindre un taux de minéralisation global de 66 et 85% avec les anodes en BDD et Platine respectivement. Ainsi, cette combinaison de traitement a été un succès, un changement d’échelle du procédé peut alors être envisagé Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) constitute an efficient technology to treat the pharmaceuticals as they allow the formation of strong oxidants such as hydroxyl radicals able to remove nearly any type of organic contaminants thanks to their very high oxidation power. Among them the electro-Fenton and anodic oxidation processes are environmentally friendly methods as they use no chemical reagent (anodic oxidation) or only oxygen of air and iron ions as a catalyst (electro-Fenton).In this thesis, four pharmaceuticals from different families and structures were selected based on their toxicity and their occurrence in environmental waters and their removal from water was performed by EAOPs. The objectives of this work were to determine the best operating conditions at lab scale (current and catalyst concentration), investigate the kinetic of degradation and mineralization and finally propose a mineralization pathway based on aromatic intermediates, carboxylic acids and ions released to the solution.As these treatments were successfully applied, a lab scale pilot reactor composed alternately of BDD anodes and carbon felt cathodes with a bottom aeration system and working in the continuous mode was built to scale-up these processes in order to pre-industrialize them. Different configurations of electrodes were tested. The flow rate and the current were found to be more influent on the mineralization rate and on the energy consumption, respectively. To deeper understand the role of the flow rate and the configurations a hydrodynamic study was performed. The hydrodynamic results were gathered with a kinetic model for the mineralization to obtain a model predicting the percentage of mineralization at different position inside the reactor during the steady state. Thus, this model can help to optimize the operating conditions and to size future reactors depending on the mineralization objective of the treatment (high mineralization rate, combined treatment, high flow, …).To reduce operating cost, the combination of an electrochemical process and a biological treatment was then investigated. In this frame, it was found that electrochemical treatment can (i) degrade the hydrochlorothiazide (ii) reduce significantly the concentration of its aromatic intermediates as they were shown to significantly inhibit the bacterial activity, (iii) promote the formation of biodegradable molecules such as carboxylic acids. The biodegradation of four carboxylic acids formed during the electro-Fenton treatment of the hydrochlorothiazide at lab scale was also studied. It was demonstrated that they were sequentially degraded with different lag phases and kinetics of degradation. Thus to mineralize them, a “plug flow” type reactor is recommended. The combination of treatment was then applied with an electrochemical treatment performed at low current with a BDD anode and a Platine anode. A mineralization degree of 38% and 50% were obtained by the biological treatment enabling to globally reach a mineralization rate of 66% and 85% with the BDD and the Platine anodes respectively. Thus this combined treatment was successful and open the way for the scale-up of these processes

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Ribeiro, Tiago Jorge Cardoso Pinto. "Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Preterm infants- A Systematic Review." Dissertação, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134450.

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Introdução: Os eventos disglicémicos são relativamente comuns em bebes pré-termo, esta variação de glicemia pode levar a um aumento do risco de morte, sépsis, problemas no desenvolvimento neurossensorial, retinopatia do prematuro, entre outros. Controlo glicémico mais apertado poderá prevenir estas consequências adversas e monitorização continua de glicose (CGM) pode ser a chave, pois permite um melhor controlo da glicose fornecendo, em tempo real, valores de glicose do sangue o que permite a deteção precoce de episódios disglicémicos. Esta revisão sistemática tenta avaliar o efeito da monotorização continua da glicose no recém-nascido pré-termo e o seu impacto nos diferentes parâmetros. Métodos: Foram pesquizadas bases eletrónicas desde agosto de 2020 até fevereiro de 2021, incluímos artigos baseados em critérios de inclusão/ exclusão. Outcomes primários avaliados foram: percentagem de tempo em euglicemia, número de episódios de disglicemias e mortalidade a curto prazo. Outcomes secundários avaliados foram: hemorragia intraventricular, infeções de pele no local de introdução do sensor, retinopatia do prematuro, sepsies, problemas no desenvolvimento neurossensorial e crescimento e percentagem de peso perdido durante a intervenção. Resultados: Apenas 3 estudos foram incluídos após pesquisa, uns totais combinados de 278 recém-nascidos pré-termo foram incluídos nestes artigos, com um risco de viés desde baixo a intermédio. CGM foi comparada com métodos intermitente de medição de glicose (testes capilares). Intervenções e outcomes medidos variaram entre estudos. Resultados foram analisados de forma narrativa. Conclusões: CGM permite um melhor controlo glicémico, reduzindo ainda o número de procedimento dolorosos, permite uma deteção mais precoce de eventos disglicémicos e reduz o tempo passado em hiperglicemia ou hipoglicemia, quando usado em conjunto com medidas de correção da glicemia. Mais pesquisa é necessária para avaliar o impacto a longo termo de CGM no desenvolvimento neurossensorial e físico de recém-nascidos pré-termo. Introduction: Dysglycemic events are common occurrences in preterm infants, this imbalance of blood glucose levels could lead to increased risk of death, sepsis, neurosensorial impairment, retinopathy of premature, among other unfavorable consequences. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) allows for an early detection of dysglycemic events. This systematic review aims to assess the effect of continuous glucose monitoring in preterm infants. Methods We thoroughly search several electronic databases from August 2020 to February 2021, we included reports based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Primary outcomes where percentage of time spent in euglycemic range, number of dysglycemic episodes and mortality. Results: Three studies were included after screening, a total of 278 combined preterm newborns were included, with bias risk ranging from low to intermediate. CGM was compared with intermittent methods of blood glucose measurement (capillary test), interventions and outcomes evaluated differed between studies. Conclusions: CGM allows for better glycemic control, reduces number of painful readings, allows for early detection of dysglycemic events and reduces time spent in dysglycemic states (both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia) when combined with corrective measures. Further research needs to be conducted to evaluate the long-term impact of CGM in neurosensorial and physical development of preterm infants.

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Ribeiro, Tiago Jorge Cardoso Pinto. "Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Preterm infants- A Systematic Review." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134450.

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Introdução: Os eventos disglicémicos são relativamente comuns em bebes pré-termo, esta variação de glicemia pode levar a um aumento do risco de morte, sépsis, problemas no desenvolvimento neurossensorial, retinopatia do prematuro, entre outros. Controlo glicémico mais apertado poderá prevenir estas consequências adversas e monitorização continua de glicose (CGM) pode ser a chave, pois permite um melhor controlo da glicose fornecendo, em tempo real, valores de glicose do sangue o que permite a deteção precoce de episódios disglicémicos. Esta revisão sistemática tenta avaliar o efeito da monotorização continua da glicose no recém-nascido pré-termo e o seu impacto nos diferentes parâmetros. Métodos: Foram pesquizadas bases eletrónicas desde agosto de 2020 até fevereiro de 2021, incluímos artigos baseados em critérios de inclusão/ exclusão. Outcomes primários avaliados foram: percentagem de tempo em euglicemia, número de episódios de disglicemias e mortalidade a curto prazo. Outcomes secundários avaliados foram: hemorragia intraventricular, infeções de pele no local de introdução do sensor, retinopatia do prematuro, sepsies, problemas no desenvolvimento neurossensorial e crescimento e percentagem de peso perdido durante a intervenção. Resultados: Apenas 3 estudos foram incluídos após pesquisa, uns totais combinados de 278 recém-nascidos pré-termo foram incluídos nestes artigos, com um risco de viés desde baixo a intermédio. CGM foi comparada com métodos intermitente de medição de glicose (testes capilares). Intervenções e outcomes medidos variaram entre estudos. Resultados foram analisados de forma narrativa. Conclusões: CGM permite um melhor controlo glicémico, reduzindo ainda o número de procedimento dolorosos, permite uma deteção mais precoce de eventos disglicémicos e reduz o tempo passado em hiperglicemia ou hipoglicemia, quando usado em conjunto com medidas de correção da glicemia. Mais pesquisa é necessária para avaliar o impacto a longo termo de CGM no desenvolvimento neurossensorial e físico de recém-nascidos pré-termo. Introduction: Dysglycemic events are common occurrences in preterm infants, this imbalance of blood glucose levels could lead to increased risk of death, sepsis, neurosensorial impairment, retinopathy of premature, among other unfavorable consequences. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) allows for an early detection of dysglycemic events. This systematic review aims to assess the effect of continuous glucose monitoring in preterm infants. Methods We thoroughly search several electronic databases from August 2020 to February 2021, we included reports based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Primary outcomes where percentage of time spent in euglycemic range, number of dysglycemic episodes and mortality. Results: Three studies were included after screening, a total of 278 combined preterm newborns were included, with bias risk ranging from low to intermediate. CGM was compared with intermittent methods of blood glucose measurement (capillary test), interventions and outcomes evaluated differed between studies. Conclusions: CGM allows for better glycemic control, reduces number of painful readings, allows for early detection of dysglycemic events and reduces time spent in dysglycemic states (both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia) when combined with corrective measures. Further research needs to be conducted to evaluate the long-term impact of CGM in neurosensorial and physical development of preterm infants.

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Hsu, Min-Min, and 許旻閔. "Fuzzy Demand Over Lead Time in Continuous Review Inventory Model." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56941628540811071469.

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碩士 大葉大學 工業工程研究所 90 In the traditional continuous review reorder point problems, probability theory has been wildly employed to deal with uncertain cases. In most situations, the decision maker is assumed to be aware of the probability distribution of uncertainty while the probability theory is applied, However, in practical applications, this is seldom the case. In the most situations, the uncertainty is estimated within a certain interval without any knowledge of a probability distribution within the interval. This investigation introduces the application of fuzzy sets theory to the continuous review reorder point problems. It is assumed that uncertainties may appear in the demand over lead time and in holding costs where decision-making is characterized by the lack of precise future estimates of the uncertain information. The minimized possible total cost is obtained by the corresponding reorder point and quantity that should be ordered. The computational aspects of the fuzzy models and their interpretations are illustrated by examples. Keywords: fuzzy set theory, continuous review reorder point problems, reorder point, order quantity

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Chang, Hung-Chi, and 張宏吉. "A STUDY OF CONTINUOUS REVIEW INVENTORY SYSTEMS WITH CONTROLLABLE PARAMETERS." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32613366864738512150.

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博士 淡江大學 管理科學學系 88 Among the modern production management, the Just-In-Time (JIT) production system that developed by the Japanese business organization has received a great deal of attention from many practitioners and academicians all over the world. ‘Just-In-Time’ means that it has the right quality and right quantity in the right place at the right time. The successful JIT is through the various efforts and continuous improvements that make the efficient usage of resources and produce the high quality products in the most economical manner, so as to gain the competitive advantages for the business enterprise. Many activities, such as reducing the setup cost, shortening the lead time, and improving the quality of production processes and products, are recognized as the feasible and effective ways to achieve the goal of JIT. In other viewpoints, the factors (setup cost, lead time, and quality) mentioned above are often assumed as fixed constant and uncontrollable in the traditional inventory models, but are controllable in practice. Viewing the current literature in the area of inventory management, it can be found there are numbers of quantitative inventory models associated with the JIT spirits have been proposed. Most of the earlier researchers are concentrated on investigating one of the topics  setup cost reduction, lead time reduction, or quality improvement. However, little work has been done on simultaneously controlling two or more changeable parameters, and hence, the waste in using the current systems can not be reduced to the minimum level, so does the savings on larger cost can not be achieved. For these reasons, this thesis attempts to involve the concepts of previous scholars, and seeks to formulate the more appropriate and extensive inventory models by gradually relaxing the assumptions of fixed parameters in the traditional inventory models. Oriented on the goal of JIT, this thesis proposes eight stochastic inventory mathematical models for the continuous review (Q,r) inventory systems. In all models, the shortages are allowed and the total amount of stockout during the stockout period is considered to be a mixture of backorders and lost sales. In addition, the common decision variables are order quantity, reorder point, and lead time. In chapter 2, we discuss the problem of investing capital in reducing setup cost, where the setup cost is treated as one of the decision variables in the model. In chapter 3, we further consider the possible relationship between quality and lot size, and investigate the quality improvement problem in which the quality level is viewed as a controllable factor and is one of the decision variables. In chapter 4, we continue the studies of chapters 2 and 3, and propose a model to control the order quantity, reorder point, quality level, setup cost, and lead time, simultaneously. In chapter 5, we employ a service level constraint to replace the shortage cost in the objective function, and discuss the same problem as in chapter 4. Furthermore, two models are formulated and solved in each chapter. First, we consider the case where the demand during lead time follows a normal distribution and establish an algorithm of finding the optimal solution. Second, we consider the case where the distributional form of lead time demand is unknown but merely the mean and standard deviation are known; we apply the minimax distribution free approach to solve the optimal solution. For all models proposed in this thesis, we utilize the numerical examples to illustrate the effects of inventory systems associated with investing capital in changing the values of parameters. 頁次表目錄..……………………………………………………….……四圖目錄………………………………………………….…………..五使用符號一覽表….……………………………….…………... 六基本假設..……………………………………………………… 八第一章緒論 ……………………………………….……………1 1.1 研究動機與目的 ……………………………………… 1 1.2 相關文獻探討 ………………………………………… 3 1.3 本文結構 ……………………………………………… 8 第二章降低設置成本與縮短前置時間的連續性檢查存貨模型.………………………………….…………. 10 2.1 前言………………………………………………… 10 2.2 符號說明與假設…………………………………... 12 2.3 基本模型……………………………………….…... 13 2.4 需求量之機率分配為常態時的模型..…………….… 16 2.5 需求量之機率分配型式未知時的模型.………… 22 2.6 範例…………………………………………………… 25 第三章在生產過程不完備的連續性檢查存貨模型中改善生產過程之品質與縮短前置時間…………….. 30 3.1 前言………………………………………………… 30 3.2 符號說明與假設…………………………………… 32 3.3 基本模型………………………….………………… 33 3.4 需求量之機率分配為常態時的模型………………… 35 3.5 需求量之機率分配型式未知時的模型…………. 39 3.6 範例…………………………………………………… 42 第四章改善品質、降低設置成本與縮短前置時間的連續性檢查存貨模型………………………………. 45 4.1 前言………………………………………………… 45 4.2 基本模型……………………………………………. 46 4.3 需求量之機率分配為常態時的模型………………… 47 4.4 需求量之機率分配型式未知時的模型…………. 53 4.5 範例…………………………………………………… 55 第五章在含有服務水準限制式的連續性檢查存貨模型中控制可變動的參數值………………………….. 60 5.1 前言………………………………………………… 60 5.2 基本模型……………………………………………. 61 5.3 需求量之機率分配為常態時的模型………………… 63 5.4 需求量之機率分配型式未知時的模型…………. 69 5.5 範例…………………………………………………… 76 第六章結論…………………………………………………. 79 6.1 主要研究成果……………………………………… 79 6.2 未來研究方向……………………………………….. 82 參考文獻……………………………………………………….. 84 附錄A ………………….…………………………………..… 90 附錄B………………….………………………………...…. 93 附錄C ………………….…………………………………..… 96 附錄D………………….………………………………...…. 100 表目錄表號頁次表 2.1 前置時間內各成份的相關資料……………… 26 表 2.2 例題一的最適策略彙整表………………………….27 表 2.3 例題二的最適策略彙整表………………………….28 表 3.1 例題三的最適策略彙整表………………………….43 表 3.2 例題四的最適策略彙整表………………………….44 表 4.1 例題五的最適策略彙整表………………………….56 表 4.2 例題六的最適策略彙整表………………………….58 表 5.1 例題七的最適策略彙整表………………………….77 表 5.2 例題八的最適策略彙整表…………………….…..78 圖目錄圖號頁次圖 1.1 本研究結構流程圖……………………………… 9 圖 A-1 ，及圖………………………………. 92 圖 B-1 圖……………………………………………… 95

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Ferreira, Tomás Prisca Martins. "A Systematic Review Approach of Continuous Improvement Pillar Management Framework’s." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/76569.

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Today’s market is constantly changing, so companies are required to continuously evolve their processes so that they can meet the increasingly complex requirements of stakeholders, from customer needs to sustainable policies. The application of Business Process Management improves its processes, bringing together all the activities carried out by the company that aim to generate value for the client. As a consequence, one of the biggest problems for companies is the absence of information management and communication with internal and external stakeholders. Duplication and deprivation are very common in these companies and generate a huge amount of waste. To solve this problem the developments done in this research work aims to generate a new way of looking to Business Management, focusing on companies that adopt Continuous Improvement, using a structured flow of tools and techniques. In structured approaches to Continuous Improvement management frameworks recurrently uses modelling support pillars. This study is based on a company that has implemented eight-pillar Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and uses performance indicators to monitor the state of systems and processes. The first step involved the application of the Cluster, Discriminant and Principal Component Analysis, so that it was possible to aggregate the indicators of each pillar. The processes of strategic management of the company and management of the pillars have been taken into account. Through the proposed approach a reduction of around 86% in the total number of pillar of the company was obtained, avoiding diverse informational wastes through redundancies of information, increased reliability, coherence and ease of access to it as well as greater visibilities of their interactions and information responsibilities necessary to the management of systems management of continuous improvement, based on pillars of action.

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Wang, Chih-jung, and 王志榮. "Inventory Policies for Items with Different Demand Patterns under Continuous Review." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20912562396160250422.

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碩士 國立臺灣科技大學 工業管理系 96 A supplier/warehouse face demands from different kinds of customers: some of them frequently place orders at almost constant rates, but others infrequently place orders of random sizes.To deal with different stochastic demand patterns at the same time, an optimal inventory control model is developed based on a rationing policy. Nonlinear programming models are derived by minimizing inventory costs to find the optimal reorder point, reorder quantity and rationing point. The derived inventory cost models consider a single product as well as multiple products with limiting storage space. On the basis of the properties of the inventory cost models, optimal solution searching algorithms are developed to determine the values of decision variable. Numerical studies provided in this research show that the algorithms perform well and are easy to compute.

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Hsieh, Tung-Lin, and 謝東霖. "Selecting Continuous Review Inventory Policy (s, Q) by Data Envelopment Analysis Models." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10952295214691286525.

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碩士 國立交通大學 工業工程與管理系所 97 We consider a company controlled by continuous review (s, Q) inventory model. The company experiences Poisson demand. The lead time of orders follow Poisson distributions. We assume unsatisfied orders are backordered in the company. Headstream lost sales is neglected. The purpose of this research is to develop a procedure to select the continuous review (s, Q) inventory model. Given the levels of s and Q, the combinations of them are the alternatives for selection. Then for each alternative, we used simulation to collect the values of the five indices: times of ordering, stock level, times of shortage, the product of backorder and lead time, ordering quantity. These five values reveal the property of the alternative in managerial tasks. The aim of this research is to assess those alternatives with the five indices. A data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is developed. The model is a CCR output-based measure with some side constraints for the virtual weights restrictions of the indices.

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Yan, Zheng Yu, and 顏正宇. "Setting ordering policy for a continuous review inventory system with autocorrelated daily demands." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44290295336515819211.

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Lin, Kuang-Kuei, and 林光奎. "A study of continuous review inventory models involving controllable parameters with service level constraint." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54071337318841168654.

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碩士 淡江大學 管理科學研究所碩士班 93 The Japanese experience of using Just-In-Time (JIT) production shows that there are advantages and benefits associated with their efforts to control lead time. Japanese manufacturers are known for their strong and lasting partnership with their suppliers. This helps reduce lead time and is one of the sources of success of their JIT philosophy. The successful JIT is through the various effects and continuous improvements that efficient usage of resources the high quality products in the most economical manner, so as to gain the competitive advantages for business enterprise. Many activities, such as reducing the setup cost, shorting the lead time, and improving the quality of production processes and products, are recognized as the feasible and effective ways to achieve the goal of JIT. In other viewpoints, the factors (setup cost, lead time, and quality) mentioned above are often assumed as fixed constant and uncontrollable in the traditional inventory models, but are controllable in practice. On the other hand, in many practices, the stockout cost often includes intangible components such as loss of goodwill and potential delay to the other parts of the inventory system, and hence it is difficult to determine an exact value for the stockout cost. In this thesis, we employ a service level constraint to replace the shortage cost in the objective function, and discuss the problem. In chapter 2, we discuss the problem the problem of investing capital in reducing setup cost, where the setup cost is treated as one of the decision variables in the model. In chapter 3, we further consider the possible relationship between quality and lot size, and investigate the quality improvement problem in which the quality level is viewed as a controllable factor and is one of the decision variables. In chapter 4, we assume lead time and ordering cost reductions act dependently, and discuss the same problem as in chapter 3. For all models proposed in this thesis, we utilize the numerical examples to illustrate the effects of inventory systems associated with investing capital in changing the values of parameters.

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Wilson, John Seddon 1958. "Attention, attachment and motivation in schizotypy : a review and extenstion of research with the continuous performance test." Phd diss., 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/13555.

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Most contemporary schizophrenia research indicates that a heritable neurointegrative deficit may be a vulnerability marker for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Researchers often measure this deficit in terms of impaired attention on a vigilance task, the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Impaired attention is found not only in floridly psychotic schizophrenics, but also in remitted schizophrenics, children biologically at risk for schizophrenia, and young adults psychometrically identified as at risk for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Findings from these investigations provide a possible link in the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia genesis. However, little research attention has been paid to the potential interactive effects that attentional impairments and interpersonal relations may have in determining susceptibility to active schizophrenic symptomatology. In this study, 703 undergraduates completed measures of interpersonal attachment, perceived relations with parents and peers in childhood, positive schizotypy (schizophrenism) and negative schizotypy (anhedonia). Based upon their schizotypy scores, 191 of these participants were selected to complete a version of the CPT that, by degrading visual stimuli and presenting them very briefly, rapidly produces decrements in vigilance. In a staggered random design, CPT participants were assigned to one of three motivational induction conditions designed either to increase intrinsic motivation, decrease intrinsic motivation, or to replicate the standard CPT protocol. Path modelling supported a bidirectional relationship between adult attachment and schizophrenism. For female participants, recalled relations with fathers and childhood peers, but not with mothers, predicted adult attachment: for males, recalled relations with mothers, fathers, and childhood peers all predicted adult attachment. Maternal and paternal relations had no direct relationship to schizophrenism, while childhood peer relations and adult attachment were substantially related to schizophrenism for both sexes. Using signal detection indices and growth curve analysis across six blocks of CPT performance, the motivational induction designed to increase intrinsic motivation was found to attenuate the decrement in vigilance across time, while the motivational induction designed to decrease intrinsic motivation was found to augment the vigilance decrement, compared to the standard CPT protocol. Perceptual sensitivity scores were lower for high schizotypy participants than for low schizotypy participants, such that anhedonic (negative) and schizophrenism (positive) schizotypy interacted to predict the most impaired performance. High schizotypy participants had lowered perceptual sensitivity scores throughout the CPT protocol, but did not show a more rapid decrement in vigilance compared to others. Participants who reported low levels of intrinsic motivation or positive emotion, or who demonstrated diminished persistence in a hand held dynometer task, also had lowered perceptual sensitivity scores. This relationship was most strong for self-reported intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation was unrelated to schizotypy, and there were no interactions between self-reported intrinsic motivation, schizotypy, and the experimental motivational inductions. High levels of motivation appeared to compensate partially for the impaired attentional performance associated with schizotypy. Contrary to expectations, no interactions between interpersonal attachment and attentional performance were predictive of schizotypal tendencies. Results indicate the importance of the experimental setting as an interpersonal occasion that can either support or undermine attentional performance. The substantial relationship between motivation and attentional performance indicates that future CPT research should include measures of motivation, and that schizophrenia-related deficits in attention may be at least partially eliminated by increasing intrinsic motivation. This thesis was digitized as part of a project begun in 2014 to increase the number of Duke psychology theses available online. The digitization project was spearheaded by Ciara Healy.

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Govindsamy, Neeven. "A critical review of Operations Excellence programs : a petrochemical company as case study / Neeven Govindsamy." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11551.

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Operations improvement methodologies have been adopted by manufacturing companies since the early 20th century. Japanese manufacturers were able to offer products of high quality and efficient production costs through systems such as Lean. Manufacturers in the West soon adopted systems of their own thereafter. Operations Excellence is a generic term used to describe such systems, and can be described as a management system delivering competitiveness through the continuous improvement of operational performance. This study provides a critical review of the implementation of an Operations Excellence program by examining the system adopted by a petrochemical company in South Africa. The review allowed the implementation shortcomings to be identified so that resolutions could be suggested, thus facilitating successful utilisation of the system. An evaluation of Operations Excellence programs utilised globally and at the case study organisation was carried out as part of a literature study. This research included the critical success factors and lessons learnt from the systems employed by others. Experimental field work was carried out to allow the critical evaluation of the implementation in the case study. The experimental method utilised a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection. The primary research instrument was a questionnaire designed to examine the degree in which critical success factors and Operations Excellence requirements were present in the organisation. The implementation shortcomings were successfully identified through the experimental work undertaken. These shortcomings, together with the review of the available literature on Operations Excellence, allowed for the proposition of recommendations with the objective of successful utilisation of Operations Excellence programs for large enterprises. MIng (Development and Management Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

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Lin, I.-Chuan, and 凌憶娟. "The study of lead time and setup cost reductions in continuous review inventory system when the amount received is uncertain." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93020464019533457676.

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碩士 真理大學 管理科學研究所 89 In most of the early literature dealing with inventory problems, either in deterministic or probabilistic models, lead time is viewed as a prescribed constant or a stochastic variable, which therefore, is not subject to control. In fact, in many practical situations, lead time can be reduced by an additional investment cost; in other words, it is controllable. The Japanese experience of using Just-In-Time (JIT) production shows that there are advantages and benefits associated with their efforts to reduce lead time and setup cost. Therefore, lead time and setup cost can be reduced by the expense of an additional investment cost. By reducing lead time and setup cost, we can lower the safety stock, reduce the loss caused by shortage, improve the service level to the customer, and increase the competitive ability in business. This article combines the concept of capital investment allocated to reduce lead time and setup cost when the amount received is uncertain. Our goal is to focus on this property (lead time and setup cost can be reduced) and try to develop a mixture inventory model with backorder and lost sale, in which order quantity, reorder point, setup cost and lead time are decision variables. In our studies, two models are formulated. First, we assume that lead time demand follows a normal distribution, and then develop an algorithm to obtain the optimal ordering strategy. Second, we consider the case where the distributional form of lead time demand is unknown with merely the assumption that the mean and standard deviation are known; we apply the minimax distribution free approach to find the optimal solution. Besides, we use numerical examples to illustrate the effects of inventory systems associated with investing capital in changing the values of parameters. Furthermore, the effects of parameters and economical explanation are also included.

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Huang, Yi-chen, and 黃怡真. "Continuous Versus Intermittent Nasogastric Feeding for Patients on Mechanical Ventilation: Impacts on Gastric Emptying And Pulmonary Aspiration: A Comprehensive Systematic Review." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90565847161383259463.

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碩士 中臺科技大學 護理研究所 99 Every 100 patients receiving mechanical ventilation, 6-25 of them will acquire VAP. Nasogastric tube (NG) feeding is usually administered to patients on ventilator for nutritional support. Yet, evidences have shown NG feeding is one of contributing factors to VAP. Evidences also have shown long-term uses of ventilator could lead to gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary aspiration in patients also receiving NG feeding. It is unclear which NG feeding methods affect the incidence of pulmonary aspiration. A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted to explore the effects of different NG feeding on pulmonary aspiration and gastric emptying in patients on mechanically ventilation. A broad computerized literature search was conducted using both Chinese and English databases, as well as the reference lists of relevant articles. A total of 9 Chinese databases, including Government Research Bulletin, and three English database, Medline, CINAHL and Cochrane, were searched. The selection criteria for eligible studies were: (a) The article contained original research data; (b) the study comparing continuous versus intermittent NG feeding, and (c) the article included at least one outcome measure of pulmonary aspiration or gastric emptying. When the same study was repeated published, the one article that included the most detailed or complete data information was used. Articles that presented reviews or summaries of previous research studies were excluded. Articles that met selection criteria were carefully examined by two reviewers to make a final selection of the studies for this review. A total of seven studies were included in this comprehensive meta-analysis. They were generally small in sample size and of poor or moderate quality. Data were extracted and collected independently by the two reviewers and cross-checked. Comprehensive Meta-analysis version 2 (Biostate, 2006) was used to analysis statistical data extracted from retrieved articles and to conduct meta-analysis.For dichotomous variables, odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived for each outcome where possible. For continuous variables, mean differences and 95% CI were calculated for each outcome. The data from three trials, which comparing the impact of continuous and intermittent NG feeding on delayed gastric empty, were heterogeneous and indicated no significant difference between two modalities of NG feeding (odds ratio = 0.447, p = .327; 95% CI = 0.089~ 2.236). Five heterogeneous studies compared the incidences of pulmonary aspiration and no significant differences were found (odds ratio = 0.436, p = .218; 95% CI = 0.116～1.633). There were two heterogeneous studies compare the amounts of neutrophils in sputum between the two NG feeding methods. Results indicated that intermittent NG feeding had a better outcome in terms of less neutrophils present in sputum (St. Diff. in Mean = -1.550, p = .001; 95% CI = -2.454～-0.645). Another two trials compared the amount of lipid-laden macrophage presented in sputum suggested no differences between intermittent or continuous NG feeding (St. Diff. in Mean = -0.319, p = .436; 95% CI = -1.121～ 0.483) There were no definitive studies showing either intermittent or continuous NG feeding is better in the outcomes of gastric emptying or the amount of lipid-laden macrophage presented in sputum. However, the result showed intermittent NG feeding is better than continuous NG feeding in terms of less neutrophils present in sputum. Nevertheless, the current strength of evidence is weak and well-designed studies are strongly recommended. Based on the current evidence, it is not possible to state that one NG feeding method is better than the other.

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Aiello, Flavia. "Review: Roberto Gaudioso. The Voice of the Text and its Body. The Continuous Reform of Euphrase Kezilahabi’s Poetics. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Köln 2019. 306 pp. ISBN 978-3-89645-739-4." 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72139.

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In her review, Flavia Aiello states that Roberto Gaudioso’s monograph, his PhD thesis written under the co-tutelle of the University of Naples “L’Orientale” and the University of Bayreuth, is a robust study of Euphrase Kezilahabi’s dynamic “thinking poetry” as expressed in his poetry collections. She emphasizes that due to its well-informed theoretical grounding, original critical approach to Kezilahabi’s poetry and close-reading textual analysis, this book represents valuable reading for literary researchers investigating the works of Euphrase Kezilahabi and for scholars interested in new critical approaches to Swahili poetry.

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Friedrich, Jan Oliver. "A systematic review and meta-analysis of low-dose dopamine for renal dysfunction, and, A simulation study to evaluate the ratio of means as a new method for analyzing continuous variables in meta-analyses." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=452955&T=F.

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Van, Schoor Christiaan de Wet. "Building blocks for supply chain management - a study of inventory modelling." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28844.

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This thesis presents a study of stochastic models of continuous review of inventory systems of perishable and non-perishable products, as well as inventory systems operating in random environment. It contains five chapters. The first chapter is introductory in nature, containing the motivation for the study and the techniques required for the analysis of respective models described in the remaining chapters. Chapter 2 provides a model of perishable product inventory system operating in a random environment. For the sake of simplicity, the stochastic environment is considered to alternate randomly over time between two states 0 and 1 according to an alternating renewal process. When the environment is in state k, the items in inventory have a perishable rate ìk, the demand rate is ëk and the replenishment cost is CRk. The performance of various measures of the system evolution are obtained, assuming instantaneous replenishment at the epoch of the first demand after the stock-out and associating a Markov renewal process with the inventory level. In Chapter 3, a continuous review single product perishable inventory model is considered. Items deteriorate in two phases and then perish. Independent demands occur at constant rates for items in phase I and in phase II. Demand that occurs for an item in phase I during its stock-out period is satisfied by an item in phase II with some probability. However a demand for an item in phase II occurring during its stock-out period is lost. The reordering policy is an adjustable (S,s) policy with the lead-time following an arbitrary distribution. Identifying the stochastic process as a renewal process, the probability distribution of the inventory level at any arbitrary instant of time is obtained. The expressions for the mean stationary rates of demands lost, demands substituted, perished units and scrapped units are also derived. A numerical example is considered to highlight the results obtained. Chapter 4 is a study of a two-commodity inventory system under continuous review. The maximum storage capacity for the i-th item is Si (i=1, 2). The demand points for each commodity are assumed to form an independent Poisson process, with unit demand for one item and bulk demand for the other. The order level is fixed as si for the i-th commodity (i=1, 2) and the ordering policy is to place an order for Qi (= Si – si , i = 1,2) items for the i-the commodity when both the inventory levels are less than or equal to their respective reorder levels. The lead-time is assumed to be exponential. The joint probability distribution for both commodities is obtained in both transient and steady state cases. Various measures of systems performance and the total expected cost rate in the steady state are derived. The results are illustrated with numerical examples. Chapter 5 provides an analysis of a continuous review of two-product system with two types of demands and with individual (S,s) ordering policy. The lead-time distribution of product 1 is arbitrary and that of product 2 exponential. Two types of demands occur at constant rates either for both products or for product 2 alone. Expressions for the stationary distribution of the inventory level are obtained by identifying the underlying stochastic processes as a semi-regenerative process. The mean stationary rates of the lost demands, the demands that are satisfied and the number of reorders are obtained and these measures are used to provide an expression for the cost rate. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the state of art of continuous review inventory systems. The salient features of the thesis are summarized below: <ul>(a) Consideration of</ul> <ul>(i) The impact of the stochastic environment on inventory systems;</ul> <ul>(ii) The interactions existing among the products in multi-product systems;</ul> <ul>(iii) Individual and joint-ordering policies;</ul> <ul>(b) Discussion of inventory systems with perishable products; </ul> <ul>(c) Effective use of the regeneration point technique to derive expressions for various system measures;</ul> <ul>(d) Illustration of the various results by extensive numerical work;</ul> <ul>(e) Relevant optimization problems</ul> Thesis (PhD (Industrial Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. Industrial and Systems Engineering unrestricted

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Lobe, Wondje Christine. "La gouvernance clinique pour l’amélioration de la qualité dans les établissements de soins et services non hospitaliers : enjeux conceptuels, de mise en œuvre et évaluatifs." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24269.

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Introduction : Le cadre de la gouvernance clinique a été développé afin d’atteindre de hauts standards de qualité de soins et de services, en conjuguant les notions d’amélioration continue de la qualité, d’excellence clinique et d’imputabilité corporative. La présente démarche doctorale avait pour objectif de comprendre le processus d’institutionnalisation de la gouvernance clinique dans un centre de réadaptation. Méthodologie : Une synthèse méta-narrative de 65 documents répertoriés dans 4 bases de données bibliographiques sur la conceptualisation et la mise en œuvre de la gouvernance clinique a été menée. Une étude qualitative de cas unique a été menée dans un centre de réadaptation en déficience intellectuelle et en troubles du spectre de l’autisme, au Québec (Canada). En mobilisant les cinq construits du cadre conceptuel basé sur théorie du processus de normalisation (cohérence, participation cognitive, action collective, suivi réflexif et contexte organisationnel), une analyse thématique des entrevues individuelles auprès de 22 participants (5 administrateurs, 11 gestionnaires et 6 cliniciens) et de 3 groupes de discussion auprès de 8 cliniciens et de 4 proches d’usagers a été menée. Enfin, une analyse d’une centaine de documents administratifs du Centre a été effectuée. Résultats : L’analyse de la littérature a permis de constater que le cadre de la gouvernance clinique est un concept en évolution et encore perçu comme une avenue intéressante pour l’amélioration de la qualité des soins. Toutefois, la confusion autour de sa définition et de sa conceptualisation ainsi que les difficultés de sa mise en œuvre demeurent des enjeux pour les organisations. Par la mobilisation du cadre de gouvernance clinique, la haute direction du centre de réadaptation à l’étude a souhaité systématiser le processus d’amélioration continue de la qualité des services offerts aux usagers et à leurs proches par l’adoption des bonnes pratiques de gouvernance. Ce virage a été bien reçu par les administrateurs et les gestionnaires, résultant sur une participation active et un fort engagement aux activités de leur part. La complexité du cadre et l’absence d’implication des cliniciens dans le processus de mise en œuvre ont créé chez ces derniers une appréhension quant à l’apport de la gouvernance clinique pour la pratique clinique et le bien-être des usagers. Les cliniciens ont dénoncé l’absence d’arrimage entre la théorie et les réalités de la pratique clinique ; la grande vitesse d’implantation et une approche décisionnelle de type top-down comme des enjeux de l’institutionnalisation de la gouvernance clinique. Pour les gestionnaires, les défis ont été la mise en place des moyens de communication efficaces ; l’arrimage des mécanismes de gestion et la disponibilité des ressources humaines. Pour les administrateurs, l’enjeu principal a été l’instabilité des contextes organisationnels interne et externe qui a ralenti la mise en œuvre et freiné l’élaboration d’un processus évaluatif. Conclusion : L’institutionnalisation de la gouvernance clinique dans les établissements non hospitaliers offrant des services sociaux passe par la valorisation de ce concept comme un projet commun au bénéfice de l’usager en vue de renforcer la participation et l’engagement de tous et l’adoption d’une approche de partenariat entre les usagers, leurs proches et les autres acteurs de l’organisation. Introduction: Clinical governance framework was developed in order to achieve high standards of quality of care and services, by combining the concepts of continuous quality improvement, clinical excellence and corporate accountability. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to understand the implementation process of clinical governance in a rehabilitation center. Methods: A meta-narrative synthesis on the conceptualization and implementation of clinical governance was conducted. 65 tittles screened in 4 international databases were analysing. A qualitative single case study was conducted in a rehabilitation center for intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders, in Quebec (Canada). By mobilizing the five constructs of the conceptual framework based on normalization process theory (coherence, cognitive participation, collective action, reflexive monitoring and organizational context), a thematic analysis of individual interviews with 22 participants (5 administrators, 11 managers and 6 clinicians) and tree focus groups with 8 clinicians and 4 relatives of users were conducted. Finally, an analysis of around hundred administrative documents from the Center was conducted. Results: The literature revealed that the clinical governance framework is an evolving concept and still seen as an interesting avenue for improving the quality of care. However, confusion over its definition and conceptualization, and the difficulties of its implementation remain challenges for organizations. By mobilizing the clinical governance framework, the senior management of the rehabilitation center under study wished to systematize the process of continuous improvement of quality of services offered to users and their families, by adopting good governance practices. This shift was well received by administrators and managers, resulting in active participation and a strong commitment to activities. The complexity of the framework and the absence of involvement of clinicians in the implementation process have created in them an apprehension regarding the contribution of clinical governance to clinical practice and the well-being of users. Clinicians have criticized the lack of alignment between theory and the realities of clinical practice; the high speed of implementation and a top-down decision-making approach as issues of the implementation of clinical governance. For managers, the challenges have been the establishment of effective communications; the alignment of management mechanisms and the availability of human resources. For administrators, the main issue was the instability of the internal and external organizational contexts which slowed down the implementation and the development of an evaluation plan. Conclusion: The implementation of clinical governance in non-hospital facility requires the promotion of this concept as a joint project for the benefit of the user with a view to strengthening the participation and commitment of all and the adoption of a partnership approach between users, caregivers and other actors in the organization.

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Murphy, Heather E. "A comparison of the continuous performance test test of variables of attention and the Conners' rating scales, revised in the clinical diagnosis of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder /." 2006. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-2022.pdf.

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Mahan, Sibongile Johannah. "Investigating Grade one teacher perceptions of reception year learner readiness." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19113.

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Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to establish the perception of Grade One teachers regarding the school readiness of Reception Year learners in relation to the new national Curriculum Assessment and Policy Statement (CAPS). The study also provides recommendations on how to implement CAPS in Grade R so that teachers, learners and parents experience the easiest possible transition to Grade One. The research took the form of a case study, building on current trends related to the subject of Reception Year CAPS curriculum implementation, and using the Interpretive approach as its essential, functional paradigm, which focuses on experiences of the world based on the culture and previous experiences of each individual, with an emphasis on mutual understanding. By using this strategy to explore Grade One teacher perceptions regarding the school readiness of the Reception Year learners, this project was centred on an in-depth and detailed analysis of a person, group or situation as a sample of the whole, and involved a systematic collection of data and analysis. This led to a conclusions-based report on the findings, all the while focusing on five Grade One teachers and their Head of Department at a public primary school in Pretoria, Gauteng. Preliminary findings suggested that learners coming into Grade One could in fact be adequately prepared during Grade R for successful assimilation in the CAPS curriculum material, if all stakeholders overcome the challenges they face during this important phase of academic development. This study has shown that varying amounts and levels of training amongst the teachers is a hindrance to proper CAPS curriculum implementation and therefore, the Head of Department, the school and ultimately the Department of Education has to ensure parity in the area of teacher training in terms of CAPS curriculum implementation. The study has shown that, due to the different sites where learners did their Reception Year, the school and the Grade One teachers faced learners who came into their classrooms with differing levels of exposure to the formal schooling system. Some learners may have no CAPS curriculum exposure at all. This means that, if the Department of Education is to succeed in implementing the CAPS curriculum in Grade R, then it needs to assist schools more in the form of providing funds for primary schools to build and add space for the Grade R classrooms. Finally, the study showed that a language backlog remains one of the main challenges learners have to face. Historically, Early Childhood Development Centres were never required to use English as a medium of instruction. In fact, teaching in the preschool classroom, which includes Grade R, is still mostly done in one of many mother tongue languages, depending on the location of the centre. With the move to make Grade R part of formal schooling and moving the Reception Year class to a primary school, CAPS requires careful curriculum implementation from Grade R to Grade Three, although instruction in English is only required from Grade One. Curriculum and Instructional Studies M. Ed. (Specialisation in Curriculum Studies)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Continuous review'

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