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Journal articles on the topic 'Continuous steel casting'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Odilov, Furkat, and Farrukhjon Abdullaev. "Improving The Technology Of Continuous Casting Of Steel Castings." American Journal of Engineering And Techonology 03, no. 04 (April 30, 2021): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume03issue04-17.

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This article describes the quality and cost-effectiveness of converting steels by melting them in electric arc furnaces. In addition, the technology of continuous casting of cast products in the furnace with the help of ferroalloys, followed by various equipment.

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2

Ardelean, Erika, Marius Ardelean, Florin Drăgoi, and Erika Popa. "Study on Continuous Casting of Steel by Sizes." Solid State Phenomena 188 (May 2012): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.285.

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Continuous casting of steel has gradually replaced traditional casting, due to many advantages such as: casting to a close form to the finished product, low steel losses, the possibility of sequential casting of steel, high productivity, quality of continuously cast product. To benefit of all these advantages, the continuous casting machine must be flexible relative to the demands of customers. This paper presents a comparative analysis relative to main parameters of steel continuous casting for more type of semi-finished product, by processing of data collected from a continuous casting plant with five casting wires. From this study, can be pointed reliable conclusions relatively to the correlation of casting factors and the operating parameters for casting machine and with quality indicators for semi-finished continuous casting product.

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3

Vynnycky, Michael. "Continuous Casting." Metals 9, no. 6 (June 3, 2019): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9060643.

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Continuous casting is a process whereby molten metal is solidified into a semi-finished billet, bloom, or slab for subsequent rolling in finishing mills; it is the most frequently used process to cast not only steel, but also aluminum and copper alloys [...]

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4

Sołek, K., and L. Trębacz. "Thermo-Mechanical Model of Steel Continuous Casting Process." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0034-3.

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Thermo-Mechanical Model of Steel Continuous Casting Process In the paper a numerical model of heat and mass transfer in the mould zone in the steel continuous casting technology was presented. The model has been developed using ProCAST software designed for simulation of casting processes. It allows to determine temperature and stress distribution in continuous castings in order to optimize the most important process parameters. In this work calculations were executed for low carbon steel grades casted in the industry. In the simulations the real rheological properties measured in the experimental work and the boundary conditions determined on the basis of the industrial data were used.

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5

Popkov, M. N., V. V. Reshetov, and A. I. Trushin. "Horizontal continuous casting of steel." Steel in Translation 40, no. 1 (January 2010): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091210010109.

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6

Yu, Lin Hui, Ming Gang Shen, Ji Dong Li, Yi Yong Wang, Jian Ming Su, and Chu Fei Han. "The Technology Study of Steel Belt Feeding Machine of Crystallizer of Continuous Casting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (January 2015): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.513.

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Crystallizer steel belt feeding technology make use of melt’s fusion decalescence, controlling the distribution of melt temperature field, restrain the columnar crystal’s growing to eliminate the composition segregation and internal loose of continuous casting. And it will improve the continuous casting’s quality. By discussing the effect of casting speed, the size of steel, casting section and other factors on the steel belt feeding speed, making comparison of different casting section get strip suitable feeding speed and range of strip size, combining with a steel for steel strip feeding test mold, its theoretical and practical production results the basic agreement

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7

Zhou, Xue Feng, Feng Fang, and Jian Qing Jiang. "A Study on the Microstructure of AISI M2 High Speed Steel Manufactured by Continuous Casting." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1211.

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Continuous casting has been widely applied in the production of steels and other metals. However, it has been rarely used in producing high speed steels, which are still manufactured by the conventional method of mould-casting. Thus, little is known about the microstructure of high speed steels made by the continuous casting technology. In the present work, AISI M2 steel is produced by horizontal continuous casting and the difference of solidification microstructure of ingots by different casting technologies has been examined. The results show that the networks of M2C eutectic carbides are greatly refined in the ingot by continuous casting compared to that by mould casting. Meanwhile, the morphology of M2C eutectic carbides changes from the plate-like type to the fibrous one, due to the increasing cooling rates. Compared with the plate-like M2C, the fibrous M2C in continuous casting ingots is less stable and decomposes faster at high temperatures, spheroidizing obviously after heating and refining dimensions of carbides.

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8

GUNJI, Koki. "Continuous Casting of Steel-Today, Tomorrow-." Tetsu-to-Hagane 71, no. 8 (1985): 934–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.71.8_934.

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9

Hewitt, P. N., A. Robson, A. S. Normanton, N. S. Hunter, A. Scholes, and D. Stewart. "Continuous casting developments at British Steel." Revue de Métallurgie 95, no. 6 (June 1998): 765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/199895060765.

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10

Ramírez-López, A., R. Aguilar-López, A. Kunold-Bello, J. González-Trejo, and M. Palomar-Pardavé. "Simulation factors of steel continuous casting." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 17, no. 3 (June 2010): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-010-0304-x.

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11

Marukovich, E. I., and E. B. Demchenko. "Heat transfer in the mold during vertical continuous casting of steel." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 5, 2018): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-3-26-30.

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The analysis of the performed researches has shown that the offered calculation technique is an effective means of management of formation process in casting. The found dependences and experimental data allow to calculate the specific value of the exactм heat flux in a given range of technological parameters obtained during a series of successful experiments for a particular casting method.Having the results of studies of the temperature regime of the mold during casting of a certain size and profile, it is possible to calculate the thermal state of the mold for the same casting process, but for the production of castings of any other size and profile.Having a certain amount of information on the temperature regime of the mold at different casting methods, you can use the solutions obtained to become the owner of a database containing the necessary information for solving the problems of solidification of the casting. In the subsequent design of equipment and equipment there is no need for additional experimental studies and analysis of the results.

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12

Saveliev, М. V., А. V. Chiglintsev, D. V. Sushnikov, P. V. Ekkert, and V. Yu Elin. "Development of steel continuous casting at the Nizhny Tagil steel-works." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 76, no. 6 (July 21, 2020): 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2020-6-550-555.

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Steel continuous casting is one of fundamentals of modern steel industry. Specialists of Nizhny Tagil steel-works (NTMK) made an important contribution to the process perfection. The one-strand slab CCM of curvilinear type with radial mold and slab straightening by multipoint curve, designed and manufactured at Uralmashzavod, became a prototype for many machines, which were later manufactured at domestic and foreign steel-works in the end of 60th of the previous century. In the process of mastering of CCMs, which were put into operation within the programs of the plant modernization and transferring to BOF production with steel continuous casting, the CCMs were significantly modernized and technology of casting was perfected. To bring down the impact on the solidifying billet peel and decrease a billet swell, the scheme of the supporting rollers location was changed, which enabled to increase the length of the supported zone. A principally new scheme of billets cooling was implemented, which ensured a softer and uniform secondary cooling due to water-air “fog”. To create optimal conditions of axis zone forming during production of round billets of 430 mm diameter, a technology of protective heat screens application was used. The protective screens were installed in the end of ingot solidification zone. A large work was done on determination of optimal technological casting parameters – temperature and speed modes, types of slag forming mixtures, types of heat-insulating mixtures, methods of metal protection in the process of casting. As a result of the work done, at EVRAZ NTMK a complex of steel continuous casting was created, which enables to be flexible depending on the varying situation at the market and to produce continuously casted billets of various dimensions and wide range of steel grades.

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13

Ardelean, Marius, Alina Lăscuțoni, Erika Ardelean, and Ana Socalici. "Optimization of Synthetic Slag Additions Used in Continuous Casting of Steel." Solid State Phenomena 254 (August 2016): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.254.176.

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The appropriate use and in adequate quantities of synthetic slags in continuous casting process (insulating coating powder in tundish and respectively lubricant molding powder in crystallizer) gives a good quality of continuous castings products. The paper presents two methods of determining the necessary of slags: using dispersion analysis software Minitab.v17 and optimization of heat transfer in tundish, depending on powder coating thickness, performed with a program made in Mathcad14 and respectively optimization of the molding powder thickness, using an own simulation program. Both methods are based on the properties of steel grade which is casted (in particular the liquidus temperature of the steel) and they can be adapted to the specifics of the continuous steel casting machines.

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14

Chung, Joon Yang. "Improvements & Innovations in the Continuous Casting Process at POSCO." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.3.

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Continuous casting is the essential process converting liquid steel to solid in the form of slabs or billets/blooms in the steel plant. The economy and quality of the steel products are greatly dependent on how successfully the continuous casting is performed. New technologies have been actively developed in the process during the last decades in order to increase the productivity and, therefore, to decrease the operational cost. Since its first commissioning of a slab caster in 1976, POSCO has constructed a number of continuous slab, bloom and billet casters including a thin slab caster not only for plain carbon steels but for stainless steels. Through the operation of various types of continuous casters for more than 30 years so far, POSCO has steadily developed fundamental technologies and operational know-how and achieved the equipment innovations to improve the surface and internal qualities of cast products as well as to extend the productivity of continuous casters. Furthermore, POSCO has deepened the basic understanding on the solidification phenomena of liquid steel and also accumulated the engineering backgrounds to design the most optimal continuous casters. It has also devised the indispensable and auxiliary equipments and the key technologies to control the process precisely and efficiently in order to guarantee the quality and productivity. An innovative technology under development is the POCAST process, where controlled amount of the pre-molten mold flux instead of conventional powder mold flux is continuously fed into free surface of molten steel through the plunger-type feeding system from the flux melting furnace. In order to prevent the molten flux from freezing at the meniscus, a reflective insulation cover is installed, leading to the suppression of thermal radiation from the molten steel and flux. It is generally understood that, as casting speed increases, the occurrence of breakout increases since mold lubrication becomes insufficient due to the lack of mold flux flow from the meniscus into the solid shell/mold boundary. However, by utilizing the especially composition controlled pre-molten flux, it becomes possible to eliminate the formation of slag bear in the mold. Therefore, the mold flux consumption rate is increased even at the reduced oscillation rate & stroke and more importantly, the mold flux infiltration becomes more uniform throughout the boundary between the mold and the solidified shell. This consequently results in drastic reduction of the formation and depth of the oscillation mark and the occurrence of surface hooks without increasing the possibility of breakout, as has been proved in the casting trials carried out with the 10 ton pilot slab caster in Pohang. A key trend in the development of the continuous casting process is to reduce the thickness of cast products. Examples include thin slab casting and strip casting. In the thin slab casting process, a major drawback is the relatively low casting speed and, as a result, the inefficient equipment layout in the plant where two casters are connected to a hot rolling unit. The drawback could be resolved if the casting speed exceeds a certain limit. At the high casting speed, the productivity of casting becomes equivalent to that of hot rolling, and the thin slab casting plant is to be designed so that one strand

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15

Xiong, Zhiping, Andrii G. Kostryzhev, Yanjun Zhao, and Elena V. Pereloma. "Microstructure Evolution during the Production of Dual Phase and Transformation Induced Plasticity Steels Using Modified Strip Casting Simulated in The Laboratory." Metals 9, no. 4 (April 16, 2019): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9040449.

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Instead of conventional steel making and continuous casting followed by hot and cold rolling, strip casting technology modified with the addition of a continuous annealing stage (namely, modified strip casting) is a promising short-route for producing ferrite-martensite dual-phase (DP) and multi-phase transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels. However, at present, the multi-phase steels are not manufactured by the modified strip casting, due to insufficient knowledge about phase transformations occurring during in-line heat treatment. This study analysed the phase transformations, particularly the formation of ferrite, bainite and martensite and the retention of austenite, in one 0.17C-1.52Si-1.61Mn-0.195Cr (wt. %) steel subjected to the modified strip casting simulated in the laboratory. Through the adjustment of temperature and holding time, the characteristic microstructures for DP and TRIP steels have been obtained. The DP steel showed comparable tensile properties with industrial DP 590 and the TRIP steel had a lower strength but a higher ductility than those industrially produced TRIP steels. The strength could be further enhanced by the application of deformation and/or the addition of alloying elements. This study indicates that the modified strip casting technology is a promising new route to produce steels with multi-phase microstructures in the future.

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16

Zhao, Ning, and Yan Liang. "Interactive Dynamic Schedule Rapidly on Steel Making-Continuous Casting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 88-89 (August 2011): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.88-89.259.

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To make interactive Steel making-Continuous casting schedule more speedy and reasonable, the key difficulty of Steel making-Continuous casting was analyzed first. Planning and adjustment of schedule were investigated then, restrict muster was built to ensure correctness of static schedule, interactive based on GANTT chart was adopted to ensure quickly adjustment of static schedule, adjustment algorithm was built to ensure schedule adjusting more reasonable and speedy. Finally, Steel making-Continuous casting schedule tool was developed, the interactive schedule way in Steel making-Continuous casting were brought out.

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17

Peng, Qi Chun, Li Deng, Jia Lin Song, Xi Song Sheng, and Pin Tuan Deng. "Carbonization Research in ULCS Continuous Casting." Advanced Materials Research 1089 (January 2015): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1089.315.

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According to ULCS production practice in domestic steel,in combination with laboratorial data, this paper analyzes the influence factors of ULCS carbonization. The statistical results shows that carburization of ultra-low carbon steel is affected by mold flux、continuous casting process and refractory,and some corresponding control measures are put forward.

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18

Sadat, Mohammad, Ali Honarvar Gheysari, and Saeid Sadat. "The effects of casting speed on steel continuous casting process." Heat and Mass Transfer 47, no. 12 (June 3, 2011): 1601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-011-0822-8.

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19

Zappulla, Matthew L. S., and Brian G. Thomas. "Surface Defect Formation in Steel Continuous Casting." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.112.

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Serious defects in the continuous casting of steel, including surface cracks and depressions, are often related to thermal mechanical behavior during solidification in the mold. A finite-element model has been developed to simulate the temperature, shape, and stress of the steel shell, as it moves down the mold in a state of generalized plane strain at the casting speed. The thermal model simulates transient heat transfer in the solidifying steel and between the shell and mold wall. The thermal model is coupled with a stress model that features temperature-, composition-, and phase dependent elastic-visco-plastic constitutive behavior of the steel, accounting for liquid, δ-ferrite, and γ-austenite behavior. Depressions are predicted to form when the shell is subjected to either excessive compression or tension, but the shapes, severity, and appearance differ with conditions. Cracks appearing without depressions are suggested to form in the lower ductility trough when the shell is colder but more brittle. The local thickness of the shell and austenite layer appears to have major effects as well. The model reveals new insights into the formation mechanisms and behavior of surface depressions and longitudinal cracks in the continuous casting process.

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20

Stolyarov, Alexander M., Marina V. Potapova, and Michail G. Potapov. "Non-Metallic Impurities in Continuous Cast Billets." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.411.

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Non-metallic impurities in continuous cast billets are evaluated by a growth rate of edge point impurities. The first part of our research was devoted to a relationship between the growth rate of edge point impurities and other macrostructure defects. A correlation-regression analysis of steel macrostructure quality showed the relationship between the rate of edge point impurities and segregation cracks in general, as well as corner streaks. The second part of our research indicated that impurities in billets from conventional carbon steel were crucially influenced by a method of pouring steel from a tundish into a mould. By transferring from open stream casting to shrouded casting, the quantity of non-metallic impurities in billets decreases by 7 times. In case of open stream casting, prevailing inclusions are oxides resulting from secondary oxidation, while the growth rate of edge point impurities in billets increases with an increased content of sulphur and phosphorus in steel, and decreases with an increased manganese/sulphur ratio. In case of shrouded casting, non-metallic impurities are limited to casting temperature and speed: steel overheating in the tundish above the liquidus temperature and withdrawal speed of billets. Less non-metallic impurities in case of the shrouded casting are contributed by steel overheating in the tundish above the liquidus temperature over 30oС and withdrawal speed, not exceeding 2.5 m/min.

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21

Li, Yang, Jing Wang, Jiaquan Zhang, Changgui Cheng, and Zhi Zeng. "Deformation and Structure Difference of Steel Droplets during Initial Solidification." High Temperature Materials and Processes 36, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2016-0113.

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AbstractThe surface quality of slabs is closely related with the initial solidification at very first seconds of molten steel near meniscus in mold during continuous casting. The solidification, structure, and free deformation for given steels have been investigated in droplet experiments by aid of Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope. It is observed that the appearances of solidified shells for high carbon steels and some hyper-peritectic steels with high carbon content show lamellar, while that for other steels show spherical. Convex is formed along the chilling direction for most steels, besides some occasions that concave is formed for high carbon steel at times. The deformation degree decreases gradually in order of hypo-peritectic steel, ultra-low carbon steel, hyper-peritectic steel, low carbon steel, and high carbon steel, which is consistent with the solidification shrinkage in macroscope during continuous casting. Additionally, the microstructure of solidified shell of hypo-peritectic steel is bainite, while that of hyper-peritectic steel is martensite.

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22

Stoian, Elena Valentina, Vasile Bratu, Cristiana Maria Enescu, and Carmen Otilia Rusanescu. "Analysis of Internal Defects Appeared in the Continuous Casting." Scientific Bulletin of Valahia University - Materials and Mechanics 16, no. 14 (April 1, 2018): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bsmm-2018-0005.

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Abstract The paper presents the study of internal defects resulting from the continuous casting of steels. The 50 samples were taken from a total of 20 continuously cast bits of different steel grades. The investigation of the causes of internal defects, shown on the analyzed samples, started from the assumption that the secondary metallurgy was performed correctly. The following internal defects have been evident: internal cracks (axial cracks, section cracks), central porosity and marginal punctuation impurities.

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23

Edafeadhe, Godspower O., and Harold C. Godwin. "Effects of Steelmaking Ladle Holding Period on Continuous Casting Yield." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.339.

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The study was undertaken to ascertain the effects of holding time during secondary steel making, casting duration, strand loss per heat, and tonnage of steel returned per heat on continuous casting yield (%). A total of 1910 heats, spanning a period of seven years (41 production months) were used for the study. Monthly tonnage of liquid steel produced and cast and the corresponding yield were computed from the casting reports. Also extracted from the casting reports are the average monthly holding time (mins) during secondary steel making, monthly average heat casting duration (minutes), average strand loss per heat and monthly average tonnage of steel returned per heat. A statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data obtained. The yield was found to be negatively correlated to steel holding time during secondary steel making (-0.257 mins), strand loss per heat (-0.753 tons), and tonnage of heat returned per heat (-0.944 tons), but positively correlated to casting duration (0.371 mins). The result showed that increase in holding time during secondary steel making, strand loss per heat and tonnage of steel returned per heat decrease the yield of continuous casting process. The model formulated was able to explain 93.4% of the total variation in the observed yield. Efforts should therefore be made to monitor and reduce these parameters that decrease the yield through proper process control, regular checks of the continuous casting machines, replacement of worn out moulds, and in-house training and retraining of casters for optimum process performance.

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24

Furtmueller, C., and L. del Re. "Control issues in continuous casting of steel." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 41, no. 2 (2008): 700–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-kr-1001.00118.

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25

Gheorghies, C., I. Crudu, C. Teletin, and C. Spanu. "Theoretical Model of Steel Continuous Casting Technology." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 16, no. 1 (January 2009): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(09)60003-0.

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26

Wang, Ning, Shuqing Wang, and Jianming Zhang. "Fuzzy Neuron Control for Continuous Steel Casting." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 32, no. 2 (July 1999): 7119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)57215-8.

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27

Zyuzin, A. A., B. N. Kaz’min, and M. D. Yurov. "Roller reliability in continuous casting of steel." Russian Engineering Research 32, no. 3 (March 2012): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x12010297.

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28

Shalimov, Al G. "Continuous Casting and Hot Rolling of Steel." Metallurgist 48, no. 7/8 (July 2004): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:mell.0000048424.24509.30.

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29

Kushnarev, A. V., and M. A. Tret’yakov. "Continuous casting of steel at OAO NTMK." Steel in Translation 38, no. 1 (January 2008): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091208010129.

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30

Yur’ev, A. B., L. A. Godik, N. A. Kozyrev, and N. M. Sapaev. "Improving the continuous casting of rail steel." Steel in Translation 39, no. 6 (June 2009): 486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091209060114.

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Parshin, V. M., V. V. Busygin, A. D. Chertov, Yu M. Aizin, A. V. Kuklev, A. V. Larin, and L. V. Bulanov. "Continuous slab-casting of steel in Russia." Steel in Translation 39, no. 8 (August 2009): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091209080129.

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32

Loza, A. V. "Hazard reduction in continuous casting of steel." Steel in Translation 45, no. 8 (August 2015): 584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091215080094.

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33

Smirnov, A. N., and S. V. Kuberskii. "Continuous casting of steel at micro mills." Steel in Translation 46, no. 2 (February 2016): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091216020145.

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34

Mazumdar, S., and S. K. Ray. "Solidification control in continuous casting of steel." Sadhana 26, no. 1-2 (February 2001): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02728485.

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35

Skachkov, V., and V. Anischenko. "TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CONTINUOUS CASTING OF STEEL." EurasianUnionScientists 5, no. 1(82) (February 15, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2021.5.82.1232.

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The analysis of the casting of metal is carried out and a number of factors influencing the qualitative formation of metal strips are revealed. Attention is focused on the formation of a solid layer on the mold rolls, the possibility of controlling the deformation zone and heat transfer between the mold rolls. The conditions for the formation of stripes were compared during two-roll, single-roll casting-rolling and metal freezing.

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36

ITOH, Yukiyoshi. "Near Net Shape Continuous Casting for Steel Strip : Direct Strip Casting from Liquid Steel." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 91, no. 839 (1988): 1025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.91.839_1025.

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37

Chen, Yong, Jian Hua Zeng, Min Zhang, and Hong Pan. "Research on Key Technologies of 38CrMoAl Steel Produced by BOF-LF-RH-CC Process." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1031–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1031.

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Nozzle blockage is easy to take place in continuous casting process when producing 38CrMoAl steel due to high content of aluminum ([Al]=0.7%~1.1%). Slag-steel reaction will lead to large transformation for composition of molten steel and performance of slag on the condition of traditional high content of SiO2 in slag. And it will reduce the cleanliness of steel as well. The control target of refining slag and tundish powder has been gotten through the analysis of refining & continuous casting characteristics of high aluminum steel. Based on this, the content of Si and Al in molten steel can be controlled accurately, and the cleanliness of steel has gone to a higher level. Moreover, mold powder with high basicity and vitrification ensures the stability of slag after sorbing Al2O3 inclusions in theory. Continuous casting can be carried out successfully with the control of inclusion morphology through slag washing during tapping. Industrial practice shows that Si content is 0.25%~0.40%, Al content is 0.80%~1.00%, S content is below 0.004% and T[O] is below 0.0015% in steel products. Moreover, casting bloom with good surface quality is achieved, and the rate of bloom without cleaning is as high as 100%. With all these countermeasures, 38CrMoAl steel can be continuously cast for more than 6 heats.

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38

Cui, Heng, Kaitian Zhang, Zheng Wang, Bin Chen, Baisong Liu, Jing Qing, and Zhijun Li. "Formation of Surface Depression during Continuous Casting of High-Al TRIP Steel." Metals 9, no. 2 (February 9, 2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9020204.

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High aluminum transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels offer a unique combination of high tensile strength and ductility, high impact energy absorption and good formability. The surface of the slab is prone to depressions and longitudinal cracks during continuous casting due to the high Al content in steels. Surface depressions of the 1.35 wt.% Al-TRIP steel slab in a steel works were investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and mold fluxes with different Al2O3/SiO2 ratios were researched by thermodynamic calculations and high-temperature static balance experiments. The results show that some micro-cracks were distributed along the grain boundary in the surface depression of the slab. Inclusions containing K and Na, which were probably from mold flux, were found in the depression samples. Meanwhile, the components of reactive mold flux showed significant variation in their chemical composition during the continuous casting process of the Al-TRIP steel. A large number of depressions and irregular oscillation marks on the Al-TRIP steel slab surface were generated due to serious deterioration in the physical properties of the mold flux. Since the TRIP steel is a typical hypo-peritectic steel, the overly large thermal contraction and volume contraction during initial solidification is the intrinsic cause of surface depression. The change of mold flux properties during casting aggravates the formation of depressions.

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Ansari, Md Obaidullah, Rajashree Samantray, and Joyjeet Ghose. "Neural Network Based Breakout Prediction System in Continuous Casting Shop." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.550.

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— Continuous casting of steel is a process in which liquid steel is continuously solidified into semi-finished or finished product (slabs, blooms or billets). There are many problems associated with continuous casting shop which affect the casting process. A major problem is associated in continuous casting shop is breakout of molten steel. Breakout leads to temporary shutdown of caster, damage of machinery due to splash of molten steel, capital loss, safety hazards etc. In Bokaro steel plant a logical based breakout prediction system is used to predict the breakout. This system sometimes generates false alarm and sometimes even fail to generate an alarm before breakout. Also the logical model has lot of dependence on specific equipment, process and calibration. Neural network can be implemented for a better breakout prediction system. So, in this paper a back-propagation neural network model is developed for predicting the existence of primary cracks that might lead to a breakout. The network gets its input temperatures from thermocouples which are attached to the wide and narrow sides of the mould. The output of the neural network is either logic 1 (for presence of crack) or logic 0 (for no crack). Testing the network shows excellent result as evident from the confusion matrix and performance plot. The neural network model is validated by simulating in MatLab/Simulink. The developed network may be used effectively in predicting breakouts during continuous casting. Such effective prediction can go a long way in reducing production losses in steel manufacturing.

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Wang, Ming Lin, Hui Zhang, and Zheng Hai Zhu. "Precipation and Dissolution Behaviours of Secondary Phase in J55 Steel During Continuous Casting, Conveying and Heating." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.139.

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With development of theory on microalloy in steel, now there are trends of adding microalloy in many kinds of steels, making the production and application of microalloy-steel enlarge. The second phase in microalloy-steel is significant for quality of casting. During the periods of continuous casting, conveying and heating, different process may affect precipitation and dissolution behaviors of casting according to different heating profile, further affect state of precipitation and distribution of secondary phase. In this paper, secondary phase in micro-alloy steel J55 were studied. Results show that some secondary phase particulars in micro-alloy steel J55 steel distribute along the austenitic grain boundaries when the temperature of slab is below 805°C in roller conveying; The distribution of secondary phase particulars in different thermal history slab are comparatively similar after heating; Al, Ti, C and N elements which dissolute in J55 steel has the feature of austenitic grain boundary segregation.

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Falkus, J., and K. Miłkowska-Piszczek. "Strategy of Cooling Parameters Selection in the Continuous Casting of Steel." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0061.

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This paper presents a strategy of the cooling parameters selection in the process of continuous steel casting. Industrial tests were performed at a slab casting machine at the Arcelor Mittal Poland Unit in Krakow. The tests covered 55 heats for 7 various steel grades. Based on the existing casting technology a numerical model of the continuous steel casting process was formulated. The numerical calculations were performed for three casting speeds - 0.6, 0.8 and 1 m min-1. An algorithm was presented that allows us to compute the values of the heat transfer coefficients for the secondary cooling zone. The correctness of the cooling parameter strategy was evaluated by inspecting the shell thickness, the length of the liquid core and the strand surface temperature. The ProCAST software package was used to construct the numerical model of continuous casting of steel.

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Warzecha, Marek. "Modeling of the Steel Flow and Non-Metallic Inclusion Separation due to Flotation in a Six-Strand cc Tundish." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 1556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1556.

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Constantly increasing customers’ demands for the production of high and very high-quality steels, promote the intensive technological development of their production. Today, the dominating method of global steel production is continuous casting. A continuous casting plant includes the ladle turret, several steel ladles, a tundish, and a mold followed by a framework of rolls to support the strip. The tundish has become a very important metallurgical unit in the continuous casting process. Nowadays its role is not only to guaranty the link between the process of secondary metallurgy and the continuous casting process in the mould but it becomes an active metallurgical reactor. Therefore in recent years a lot of researches were done to establish a better understanding of the physical phenomena accompanying the steel flow through the tundish and non-metallic inclusion separation into the top slag cover. The article presents computational studies of the three-dimensional turbulent steel flow and non-metallic inclusions separation in a multi-strand tundish for steady-state casting conditions. Simulations of the steel flow in the tundish are performed with boundary conditions that are derived from the real casting process. The mathematical model used for simulations, was partly validated with experimental measurements. Numerical calculations are carried out by the finite-volume code Fluent using k-ε standard turbulence model. With the calculated flow field, micro-inclusions removal due to flotation to the coving slag is investigated numerically. For the particle separation at the interface a modified boundary condition is implemented.

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Liu, Yu, Yuanpeng Tian, Xudong Wang, and Yali Gao. "Influence of processing parameters on slab stickers during continuous casting." High Temperature Materials and Processes 39, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2020-0065.

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AbstractIn this study, the parameters of 44 sticker breakout samples were analysed. The research mainly focused on the steel grades and slab thickness of stickers. Other processing parameters, such as slab width, casting speed, mould fluctuation, heat flux and operation, were also discussed. The results show that the number of stickers of low carbon steel and low alloy steel was 16 and 28, respectively. The stickers of low carbon steel were less than those of low alloy steel regardless of the thickness and width. The ratio of stickers per 1,000 casting heats of 220, 260 and 320 mm thickness slabs was 2.5, 0.5 and 0.6, respectively. The higher casting speed of 220 mm thickness slabs made the casting status unsteady and caused more stickers. From the perspective of width, the stickers were gradually increased along with the increase in width due to the worse mould slag. This study provides a foundation to reduce slab stickers and is helpful for a more efficient technology of continuous casting.

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Fehérvári, Gábor, Mihály Réger, and Balázs Verő. "Analysis of the Effect of Casting Parameters on Continuous Steel Casting." Materials Science Forum 414-415 (January 2003): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.414-415.395.

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Gabelaya, D. I., Z. K. Kabakov, and S. V. Rasskazov. "Study of Steel Slab Shrinkage Features During Steel Continuous Casting." Metallurgist 62, no. 9-10 (January 2019): 1006–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-019-00729-7.

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Kalandyk, B. "Microstructure and Abrasive Wear Resistance of 18Cr-4Ni-2.5Mo Cast Steel." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0111-0.

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Abstract An influence of a decreased Cr content on the microstructure of the highly alloyed Cr-Ni cast steel, duplex type, melted under laboratory conditions, was characterized in the paper. The microstructure investigations were performed in the initial state and after the heat treatment (solution annealing) at 1060°C as well as the phase transformation kinetics at continuous cooling was measured. The wear resistance of the investigated cast steel was tested and compared with the 24%Cr-5%Ni-2.5%Mo cast steel. The Cr content decrease, in ferritic-austenitic cast steels (duplex), from 24-26%Cr to 18% leads to the changes of the castings microstructure and eliminating of a brittle σ phase. In dependence of the casting cooling rate, apart from ferrite and austenite, also fine martensite precipitates occur in the casting structure. It was shown that the investigated cast steel is characterised by a slightly lower wear resistance than the typical cast steel duplex grades.

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Liu, Guo Qi, Hong Xia Li, Wen Gang Yan, Guang Zhou Yan, Jian Bin Yu, and Tian Fei Ma. "Corrosion Mechanism of Functional Refractories for Continuous Casting by Free Cutting Steel." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.348.

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Free cutting steel is energy save material gradually extensive applied in the development of the engineering industry, but it is one of the three steels hard to continuous casting. At high temperatures, the corrosion of refractories by free cutting steels is one of the reasons for free cutting steels hard to continuous cast with a long time. Through the observation of the used refractories microstructure and detail discussions, it is concluded that Al2O3 in alumina carbon materials for the continuous casting is easy to react with FeO or MnO in the steel to form the low-melting point material, which is the main reason for the corrosion of the refractories when used to cast free cutting steels. After decarburized layer is formed on the hot surface of the spinel-carbon material, low-melting point materials will infiltrate into the decarburized layer and separate the particles into an isolated state, which will result in the corrosion of the materials by the scour of the molten steel. Through the formation of composite bond in the spinel-carbon materials, the corrosion resistance to the free cutting steels can be further improved. Based on the corrosion mechanism, the suggestions for the functional refractories with high corrosion resistance to free cutting steels are also provided.

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Chaengkham, Pongsak, and Panya Srichandr. "Modular Horizontal Continuous Casting Machine: Meeting the Challenge of Flexible Manufacturing of the Future." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.349.

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Manufacturing of the future has to be more flexible and versatile in order to meet the ever changing needs of the customer. Most continuous casting machines today are rather inflexible in that they are designed to cast specific types of alloys and with limited size ranges, thus suitable for the mass production paradigm. This paper reports the design and development of a modular horizontal continuous casting machine (HCCM). The aim is to have a machine that can continuously cast a variety of ferrous alloys from carbon steels, low alloy steels, stainless steels to cast irons, and with ranges of cross-sectional areas. The modular design approach and quick changing techniques are employed as the key design concept. The construction of the first prototype of the machine is completed and several field trials have been conducted. The results are promising. For carbon and low alloy steel billets, the overall structures and surface quality are good although the amount of porosities is rather large. The overall quality of stainless steel billets is better than that of carbon and low alloy steels. Adapting and setting up the machine for casting different alloys and/or different billet sizes require a little time, no more than 20 minutes.

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Miłkowska-Piszczek, K., and J. Falkus. "Applying a Numerical Model of the Continuous Steel Casting Process to Control the Length of the Liquid Core in the Strand." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0040.

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Abstract This paper presents development and the application of a numerical model of the continuous steel casting process to optimise the strand solidification area. The design of the numerical model of the steel continuous casting process was presented and which was developed based on the actual dimensions of the slab continuous casting machine in ArcelorMittal Poland Unit in Kraków. The S235 steel grade and the cast strand format of 220×1280 mm were selected for the tests. Three strand casting speeds were analysed: 0.6, 0.8 and 1 m min-1. An algorithm was presented, allowing the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient values for the secondary cooling zone. In order to verify the results of numerical simulations, additional temperature measurements of the strand surface within the secondary cooling chamber were made. The ProCAST software was used to construct the numerical model of continuous casting of steel.

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Liu, Zhong Qiu, Feng Sheng Qi, Bao Kuan Li, and Mao Fa Jiang. "Turbulent Flow of Molten Steel in Thin Slab Continuous Casting Mold." Advanced Materials Research 402 (November 2011): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.402.432.

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The quality of continuously casting steel is greatly influenced by turbulent flow in the mold. Understanding the unsteady flow structures in this process is an important step in avoiding failures and decreasing defects. The cassette filter function is used to deal with unsteady Navier-Stokes equation, and then the turbulent flows in the thin slab continuous casting processes are simulated with the large eddy simulation (LES) method with the Smagorinsky sub-grid scale model. Characteristics of the unsteady turbulent flow in the thin slab continuous casting processes are exhibited. The turbulent asymmetric distribution was revealed even the nozzle in the centre position. And the vortices are located at the low velocity side adjacent to the nozzle.

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