Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Continuous test with small scale reactors / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Continuous test with small scale reactors.

Journal articles on the topic 'Continuous test with small scale reactors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Continuous test with small scale reactors.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Song, Meng, Li Ren, Kun Nan Cao, et al. "Design and Test of Saturable Reactor." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1342.

Full text

Abstract:

With the expansion of the grid, continuous reactive power compensation is vital for efficient operation of long transmission power lines or cables. Yunnan Electric Power Grid is planning to development saturable reactors for 500 kV long distance AC transmission lines. As the first stage of the development plan, the appropriate saturable reactor structure should be presented and verified by experiment. In this paper, different ferromagnetic materials, core structures and winding arrangements of saturable reactors are analyzed. Then, appropriate saturable reactor structure is determined by simul

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Pereboom, J. H. F. "Strength characterisation of microbial granules." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 6-7 (1997): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0585.

Full text

Abstract:

The strength of microbial granules is still poorly understood. The granule strength is defined as the resistance to attrition and/or breaking by a mechanical force or the liquid shear stress. The strength of various types of microbial granules were studied. The objective was to develop an in vitro strength characterisation test and to be able to predict granule behaviour in full scale systems. Abrasion experiments were conducted in stirred tanks and bubble columns, while the influence of viscosity and medium composition, shear rate and particle size were studied. The medium viscosity did not i

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Oosthuizen, Salomon Johannes, Jaco Johannes Swanepoel, and Dawid Steyn van Vuuren. "Challenges Experienced in Scaling-Up the CSIR-Ti Process." Advanced Materials Research 1019 (October 2014): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1019.187.

Full text

Abstract:

The CSIR-Ti process produces titanium metal powder through continuous stepwise metallothermic reduction of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) in molten salt medium, and represents a cost-effective alternative to the standard Kroll process to produce titanium metal. Subsequent to proving the CSIR-Ti process at bench scale producing batches of ±2 kg titanium powder, the design, build and test of a continuous 2 kg/h Ti pilot plant was authorised. The scale-up process highlighted limited expertise in South Africa with regards to handling molten salt and molten reducing metals. Such gaps in knowledge a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

DUFOUR, MURIEL, ROBIN S. SIMMONDS, and PHIL J. BREMER. "Development of a Laboratory Scale Clean-In-Place System To Test the Effectiveness of “Natural” Antimicrobials against Dairy Biofilms." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 7 (2004): 1438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.7.1438.

Full text

Abstract:

A laboratory scale system, partially reproducing dairy plant conditions, was developed to quantify the effectiveness of chlorine and alternative sanitizers in reducing the number of viable bacteria attached to stainless steel surfaces. Stainless steel tubes fouled in a continuous flow reactor were exposed to a standard clean-in-place regime (water rinse, 1% sodium hydroxide at 70°C for 10 min, water rinse, 0.8% nitric acid at 70°C for 10 min, water rinse) followed by exposure to either chlorine (200 ppm) or combinations of nisin (500 ppm), lauricidin (100 ppm), and the lactoperoxidase system (

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ramírez Zamora, R. M., A. Duran Pilotzi, R. Dominguez Mora, and A. Durán Moreno. "Removal of detergents by activated petroleum coke from a clarified wastewater treated for reuse." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 2 (2004): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0097.

Full text

Abstract:

The removal of detergents from clarified wastewaters by activated petroleum coke (CAPA) was assessed. These substances, owing to their foamy properties, constitute a problem for ammonia removal by the air stripping process that could be installed in a wastewater treatment train to produce reclaimed water. CAPA was evaluated as a more economical alternative than a commercial activated carbon. Experimental work was divided in three stages: 1) production and characterisation of materials; 2) pretreatment of raw wastewater through the Fenton's reagent or coagulation-flocculation process with Al2(S

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Sivalingam, Vasan, Carlos Dinamarca, Eshetu Janka, Sergey Kukankov, Shuai Wang, and Rune Bakke. "Effect of Intermittent Aeration in a Hybrid Vertical Anaerobic Biofilm Reactor (HyVAB) for Reject Water Treatment." Water 12, no. 4 (2020): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041151.

Full text

Abstract:

Water from anaerobic sludge dewatering (reject water that is recycled to the inlet main process treatment) from the Knarrdalstrand municipal wastewater treatment plant in Porsgrunn, Norway, contains 2.4 g/L of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and 550 mg/L NH4-N (annual average). The high concentration of ammonium causes disturbances in the mainstream physical and chemical processes, while only a small fraction of the organics is biodegradable. A pilot-scale hybrid vertical anaerobic biofilm (HyVAB) reactor combining anaerobic and aerobic treatment was tested for reject water treatment to re

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

van Dongen, U., M. S. M. Jetten, and M. C. M. van Loosdrecht. "The SHARON®-Anammox® process for treatment of ammonium rich wastewater." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 1 (2001): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0037.

Full text

Abstract:

The treatment of ammonium rich wastewater, like sludge digester effluent, can be significantly improved when new biotechnological processes are introduced. In this paper, the combination of a partial nitrification process (SHARON®) and anoxic ammonium oxidation (Anammox®) process for the treatment of ammonia rich influents is evaluated. Herein the combined process has been studied with sludge recycle liquor from the WWTP Rotterdam-Dokhaven. The SHARON process was operated stably for more than 2 years in a 10 l CSTR under continuous aeration with a HRT of 1 day. The ammonia in the sludge liquor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Dong, Zhengya, Claire Delacour, Keiran Mc Carogher, Aniket Pradip Udepurkar, and Simon Kuhn. "Continuous Ultrasonic Reactors: Design, Mechanism and Application." Materials 13, no. 2 (2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020344.

Full text

Abstract:

Ultrasonic small scale flow reactors have found increasing popularity among researchers as they serve as a very useful platform for studying and controlling ultrasound mechanisms and effects. This has led to the use of these reactors for not only research purposes, but also various applications in biological, pharmaceutical and chemical processes mostly on laboratory and, in some cases, pilot scale. This review summarizes the state of the art of ultrasonic flow reactors and provides a guideline towards their design, characterization and application. Particular examples for ultrasound enhanced

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Chen, An Bang, Xin Li, Yang Zhi Zhou, et al. "Continuous Flow Synthesis of Coumarin." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.936.

Full text

Abstract:

Flow chemistry, as a rapidly emerging technology, is exploited to provide a safe and scalable route for the pharmaceutically interesting coumarin. Here, a continuous flow approach for the generation of coumarin is reported, which relies on the two connected coil reactors design. The synthesis of coumarin has been performed successfully in high conversion on small scale and can be scaled up substantially.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Gill, Laurence W., and Orlaith A. McLoughlin. "Solar Disinfection Kinetic Design Parameters for Continuous Flow Reactors." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 1 (2005): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2391316.

Full text

Abstract:

The main UV dose-related kinetic parameters influencing solar disinfection have been investigated for the design of a continuous flow reactor suitable for a village-scale water treatment system. The sensitivities of different pathogenic microorganisms under solar light in batch processes have been compared in order to define their relative disinfection kinetics with E. coli used as a baseline organism. Dose inactivation kinetics have been calculated for small scale disinfection systems operating under different conditions such as reflector type, flow rate, process type, photocatalytic enhancem

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Wang, X., T. H. Mize, F. M. Saunders, and S. A. Baker. "Biotreatability test of bleach wastewaters from pulp and paper mills." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 2-3 (1997): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0492.

Full text

Abstract:

Research is focused on an integrated way to simultaneously optimize the bleaching operations and subsequent wastewater treatment for pulp and paper mills. Bleach wastewaters from ClO2-bleached pulping studies at Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) were used as the feed for batch reactors to test and rank the treatability and kinetics. The key aspect of the system is the use of sequential anaerobic/aerobic phases to enhance reductive dehalogenation of chloro-organic materials. Two continuous reactor systems, one operated in an anaerobic-aerobic mode and a second in an aerobic-aerob

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Weber, Christian, Sebastian Pohl, Ralf Pörtner, et al. "Cultivation and Differentiation of Encapsulated hMSC-TERT in a Disposable Small-Scale Syringe-Like Fixed Bed Reactor." Open Biomedical Engineering Journal 1, no. 1 (2007): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874120700701010064.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of commercially available plastic syringes is introduced as disposable small-scale fixed bed bioreactors for the cultivation of implantable therapeutic cell systems on the basis of an alginate-encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cell line. The system introduced is fitted with a noninvasive oxygen sensor for the continuous monitoring of the cultivation process. Fixed bed bioreactors offer advantages in comparison to other systems due to their ease of automation and online monitoring capability during the cultivation process. These benefits combined with the advantage of single-use make

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Vasileiadis, Savvas, and Zoe Ziaka. "Small Scale Reforming Separation Systems with Nanomembrane Reactors for Direct Fuel Cell Applications." Journal of Nano Research 12 (December 2010): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.12.105.

Full text

Abstract:

Our recent communication focuses on small scale and nanoscale type engineering applications of alumina inorganic membrane reactors and reactor-permeator systems for the conversion of renewable and non-renewable hydrocarbons and methane rich streams into hydrogen rich gas for direct inner application and operation of fuel cell systems. This study elaborates on new nanomembrane reactors for the steam-methane/hydrocarbon reforming and water gas shift reactions, including work in the synthesis, manufacturing, modeling and operation of such microreaction systems. The projected small scale reactors,

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Wilén, Britt-Marie, and Peter Balmér. "Short term effects of dissolved oxygen concentration on the turbidity of the supernatant of activated sludge." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 3 (1998): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0168.

Full text

Abstract:

Short term effects of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on the supernatant turbidity of activated sludge were studied in batch reactors, continuous reactors and in a full scale plant. Adsorption of colloidal material onto activated sludge was studied in batch reactors. The adsorption capacity of colloidal material, expressed as removal of turbidity, was larger in aerobic than in anaerobic conditions. The difference in adsorption capacity between high (≥5 mg/l) and low (&lt;0.5 mg/l) DO concentrations was small. Experiments were made in pilot scale completely mixed reactors where the oxyg

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Saternus, Mariola. "Hydrodynamics of the Aluminium Barbotage Process Conducted in a Continuous Reactor." Solid State Phenomena 191 (August 2012): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.191.13.

Full text

Abstract:

Today aluminium obtained from ores (primary) and from scrap (secondary) need to be refined. During this process harmful impurities such as hydrogen, sodium, lithium, oxides, borides or carbides can be removed. There are many different ways of aluminium refining process. The most popular seem to be barbotage that means blowing through aluminium many tiny gas bubbles of refining gas. Reactors applying this methods have been working all over the word. They are of different types: bath and continuous, using ceramic porous plugs, special kinds of nozzles or rotary impeller for generating small gas

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Stergar, V., J. Zagorc-Končan, and A. Zgajnar-Gotvanj. "Laboratory scale and pilot plant study on treatment of toxic wastewater from the petrochemical industry by UASB reactors." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 8 (2003): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0457.

Full text

Abstract:

This research concentrates on the development of an integrated approach to evaluate the possibility of treating very concentrated (COD = 15–20 g/l) and toxic wastewater (nitro-organic effluent) from the petrochemical industry in UASB reactors. A newly developed method utilising a modified Micro-Oxymax respirometer was used to (1) evaluate the inhibitory effects of varying concentrations of nitro-organic effluent on anaerobic granular sludge and (2) to make the proposal of operational parameters for the start up of the continuous process. Subsequently, the continuous tests were undertaken using

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Nowak, Agata, Robert Mazur, Ewa Panek, and Joanna Chmist. "Model Studies on the Effectiveness of MBBR Reactors for the Restoration of Small Water Reservoirs." E3S Web of Conferences 30 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183002004.

Full text

Abstract:

The authors present the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) model with a quasi-continuous flow for small water reservoir restoration, characterized by high concentrations of organic pollutants. To determine the efficiency of wastewater treatment the laboratory analysis of physic-chemical parameters were conducted for the model on a semi-technical scale of 1:3. Wastewater treatment process was carried out in 24 h for 1 m3 for raw sewage. The startup period was 2 weeks for all biofilters (biological beds). Approximately 50% reduction in COD and BOD5 was obtained on average for the studied bioreact

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Gongora-Rubio, Mario Ricardo, Juliana de Novais Schianti, Houari Cobas Gomez, and Andre da Costa Teves. "LTCC-3D FLOW FOCUSING FLUIDIC MICROREACTOR FOR NANOPARTICLE FABRICATION AND PRODUCTION SCALE-OUT." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, CICMT (2013): 000110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2013-wp12.

Full text

Abstract:

Miniaturization of chemical processes is becoming a must for green chemistry and sustainable industry processes, so technological research in this direction is well received. Continuous microreactor systems hold many potential benefits over batch reactors allowing: high surface-to-volume ratio, fine adjustment of chemical reaction residence times, small thermal inertia and fast changes in temperature. Advantages of multilayer green ceramics for microprocess applications include: LTCC substrate is chemically inert to most solvents, it has a high contact angle, presents low thermal coefficient o

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Erdmenger, Tina, Renzo M. Paulus, Richard Hoogenboom, and Ulrich S. Schubert. "Scaling-up the Synthesis of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride under Microwave Irradiation." Australian Journal of Chemistry 61, no. 3 (2008): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch07345.

Full text

Abstract:

Ionic liquids are considered to be ‘green’ solvents on account of their non-volatility and non-flammability – which are results of their negligible vapour pressures – as well as reusability. On the basis of ecological concerns, ionic liquids seem to be an attractive alternative to conventional volatile organic solvents. In the present work, the reaction conditions for the synthesis of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride were optimized on a small scale (~2 mL, 10 mmol) using a single-mode microwave system. The conditions obtained were subsequently transferred to various microwave reactors, bot

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Migliori, Massimo, Enrico Catizzone, Girolamo Giordano, et al. "Pilot Plant Data Assessment in Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Waste Solids." Processes 7, no. 1 (2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7010054.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, a preliminary study of anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) in presented with the aim to compare the performances of both wet- and dry-type reactors. The treatment of OFMSW via anaerobic digestion (AD) producing biogas is a process that is receiving a growing interest because two different needs can be coupled: the request of sustainable municipal waste treatments and increasing demand renewable energy. This paper aims to offer experimental results comparing batch test and continuous experimental reactors under different conditions of humidit

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Röske, I., K. Röske, and D. Uhlmann. "Gradients in the taxonomic composition of different microbial systems: comparison between biofilms for advanced waste treatment and lake sediments." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 4-5 (1998): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0608.

Full text

Abstract:

The application of in situ hybridization with group specific oligonucleotide probes detected by epifluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy was tested to identify spatial gradients in the distribution of bacteria in biofilms of plug flow reactors and in the bottom sediment layer of a drinking water reservoir. The two tubular biofilm reactors were fed with the effluent from a full scale biological wastewater treatment plant to which were added the chlorophenols whole degradation was being investigated. One was operated as a continuous-flow reactor and the other as a sequen

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Gongora-Rubio, Mario Ricardo, Juliana de Novais Schianti, Houari Cobas Gomez, and Andre da Costa Teves. "LTCC-3D Coaxial Flow Focusing Microfluidic Reactor for Micro and Nanoparticle Fabrication and Production Scale-Out." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 10, no. 3 (2013): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.383.

Full text

Abstract:

Miniaturization of chemical processes is becoming a must for green chemistry and sustainable industry processes, so technological research in this direction is well received. Continuous microreactor systems hold many potential benefits over batch reactors, in that they allow: high surface-to-volume ratio, fine adjustment of chemical reaction residence times, small thermal inertia, and fast changes in temperature. Advantages of multilayer green ceramics for microprocess applications include: that the LTCC substrate is chemically inert to most solvents, that it has a high contact angle, that it

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Reardon, Sean F., Benjamin R. Shear, Katherine E. Castellano, and Andrew D. Ho. "Using Heteroskedastic Ordered Probit Models to Recover Moments of Continuous Test Score Distributions From Coarsened Data." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 42, no. 1 (2016): 3–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1076998616666279.

Full text

Abstract:

Test score distributions of schools or demographic groups are often summarized by frequencies of students scoring in a small number of ordered proficiency categories. We show that heteroskedastic ordered probit (HETOP) models can be used to estimate means and standard deviations of multiple groups’ test score distributions from such data. Because the scale of HETOP estimates is indeterminate up to a linear transformation, we develop formulas for converting the HETOP parameter estimates and their standard errors to a scale in which the population distribution of scores is standardized. We demon

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Zhang, Hai Quan, Xin Wang, Hong Ke Li, Jun Feng Nie, and Ji Guo Liu. "Design and Engineering Verification of HTR-PM Fuel Handling." Advanced Materials Research 621 (December 2012): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.621.317.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. HTR-PM is a twin-reactor structure pebble bed modular reactor. With the gather-scatter fuel handling system (FHS), handling and circulating function of twin reactors’ fuel elements are performed under a non-shutdown continuous condition. Relying on separate pipeline system of sphere fuel main circulation, FHS achieved automatic operation in the structural model by sphere fuel’s gravity flowing and pneumatic conveying in the twin reactors. The FHS adopted the international experience at design and operation of similar systems, especially based on that of HTR-10. However, some key comp

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Shin, Yong-Hoon, Jaehyun Cho, Jueun Lee, et al. "Experimental studies and computational benchmark on heavy liquid metal natural circulation in a full height-scale test loop for small modular reactors." Nuclear Engineering and Design 316 (May 2017): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.03.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Aimrun, W., M. S. M. Amin, and M. H. Ezrin. "Small Scale Spatial Variability of Apparent Electrical Conductivity within a Paddy Field." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/267378.

Full text

Abstract:

Quick variability description is an important component for zone management practices. Precision farming requires topping up of only the nutrients that are lacking in the soil to attain the highest yield with the least input. The apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) sensor is a useful tool in mapping to identify areas of contrasting soil properties. In nonsaline soils,ECais a substitute measurement for soil texture. It is directly related to both water holding capacity and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), which are key ingredients of productivity. This sensor measures theECaacross a fiel

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ráduly, B., L. Gyenge, Sz Szilveszter, A. Kedves, and S. Crognale. "Treatment of corn ethanol distillery wastewater using two-stage anaerobic digestion." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 2 (2016): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.185.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study the mesophilic two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) of corn bioethanol distillery wastewater is investigated in laboratory-scale reactors. Two-stage AD technology separates the different sub-processes of the AD in two distinct reactors, enabling the use of optimal conditions for the different microbial consortia involved in the different process phases, and thus allowing for higher applicable organic loading rates (OLRs), shorter hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and better conversion rates of the organic matter, as well as higher methane content of the produced biogas. In our exper

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Lašan, Michal. "Application of Small Punch Tests for Screening of Mechanical Properties for T91 Steel." Key Engineering Materials 606 (March 2014): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.606.43.

Full text

Abstract:

The T91 steel is considered a perspective structural material for Generation IV (GEN IV) nuclear reactors components. The operating conditions of GEN IV nuclear reactor, which include higher operating temperatures, higher neutron fluencies and using liquid metals as coolants, constitute new challenges for structural materials validation. To properly assess the impact of radiation, thermal, load and environmental damage the screening test procedures for initial overview of the induced changes of mechanical properties need to be developed and validated. One of the test procedures with potential

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Umminger, Klaus, Lars Dennhardt, Simon Schollenberger, and Bernhard Schoen. "Integral Test Facility PKL: Experimental PWR Accident Investigation." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2012 (2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/891056.

Full text

Abstract:

Investigations of the thermal-hydraulic behavior of pressurized water reactors under accident conditions have been carried out in the PKL test facility at AREVA NP in Erlangen, Germany for many years. The PKL facility models the entire primary side and significant parts of the secondary side of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) at a height scale of 1 : 1. Volumes, power ratings and mass flows are scaled with a ratio of 1 : 145. The experimental facility consists of 4 primary loops with circulation pumps and steam generators (SGs) arranged symmetrically around the reactor pressure vessel (RPV).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Steinfeld, A., A. Imhof, and D. Mischler. "Experimental Investigation of an Atmospheric-Open Cyclone Solar Reactor for Solid-Gas Thermochemical Reactions." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 114, no. 3 (1992): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930001.

Full text

Abstract:

A solar receiver-reactor has been designed to conduct solid-gas chemical reactions, using concentrated solar radiation as the energy source of high-temperature process heat. It consists of a conical cyclone gas-particle separator that has been modified to let concentrated solar energy enter the cavity through a windowless (atmospheric-open) aperture. It combines the advantages of cavity receivers and volumetric reactors, and permits continuous mode of operation. A small-scale prototype reactor to conduct the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate at 1300 K was experimentally investigated i

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Mosher, Jennifer J., Tommy J. Phelps, Mircea Podar, et al. "Microbial Community Succession during Lactate Amendment and Electron Acceptor Limitation Reveals a Predominance of Metal-Reducing Pelosinus spp." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 7 (2012): 2082–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07165-11.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThe determination of the success ofin situbioremediation strategies is complex. By using controlled laboratory conditions, the influence of individual variables, such as U(VI), Cr(VI), and electron donors and acceptors on community structure, dynamics, and the metal-reducing potential can be studied. Triplicate anaerobic, continuous-flow reactors were inoculated with Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater from the Hanford, WA, 100-H area, amended with lactate, and incubated for 95 days to obtain stable, enriched communities. The reactors were kept anaerobic with N2gas (9 ml/min) flushing the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Li, B., X. Y. Ren, Y. Q. Lin, and L. L. Liu. "Fire Behavior of Continuous Assembled Monolithic Hollow-Ribbed Slabs." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (September 7, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2940894.

Full text

Abstract:

To further understand the fire behavior of assembled monolithic hollow-ribbed (AMH) slab floor, a fire test was performed on six small-scale continuous AMH slabs (two by three). In this paper, the special designed furnace and relevant experimental phenomena are briefly introduced. Detailed experimental results in the form of furnace temperatures, temperature distributions, vertical deflections, and failure criteria are presented. The test data indicate that almost all the AMH slabs showed upward displacements during the fire tests, which is very distinct with the isolated AMH slab under fire.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Gonidec, Mathieu, and Josep Puigmartí-Luis. "Continuous- versus Segmented-Flow Microfluidic Synthesis in Materials Science." Crystals 9, no. 1 (2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9010012.

Full text

Abstract:

Materials science is a fast-evolving area that aims to uncover functional materials with ever more sophisticated properties and functions. For this to happen, new methodologies for materials synthesis, optimization, and preparation are desired. In this context, microfluidic technologies have emerged as a key enabling tool for a low-cost and fast prototyping of materials. Their ability to screen multiple reaction conditions rapidly with a small amount of reagent, together with their unique physico-chemical characteristics, have made microfluidic devices a cornerstone technology in this research

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Siraev, Ramil, Pavel Ilyushin, and Dmitry Bratsun. "Mixing control in a continuous-flow microreactor using electro-osmotic flow." Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 16 (2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/2021043.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, pharmaceutical production has been stimulating the gradual miniaturization of continuous-flow chemical reactors. This process eventually resulted in the emergence of a new generation of microreactors. The advantages of these new reactor types are the flexible production that allows us to quickly reconfigure the scheme, small reactant quantities used for the synthesis, the control of the main reaction parameters with high accuracy. Nevertheless, a decrease in the thickness of the channels where the species contact and react forces us to search for new non-mechanical mechanisms

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Eschelbach, John W., David Wernick, Marian C. Bryan, and Elizabeth M. Doherty. "Characterization of Dispersion Effects on Reaction Optimization and Scale-Up for a Packed Bed Flow Hydrogenation Reactor." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 2 (2013): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12450.

Full text

Abstract:

A well known advantage of flow chemistry reactors in chemical synthesis is the ability to screen multiple catalysts and reaction parameters with optimal conditions scaled accordingly. This approach, however, consumes significant quantities of material as the reactor must be equilibrated with the reactants in a continuous, steady-state mode before the start of the reaction. In this work we explore a screening and reaction approach using bolus injections, which is more conducive to the lower material consumption that may be required in a drug discovery setting. A commercially available ThalesNan

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Garvey, James E., Russell A. Wright, and Elizabeth A. Marschall. "Searching for threshold shifts in spawner–recruit data." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 2 (2009): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-212.

Full text

Abstract:

Relationships between spawning fish (S) and surviving offspring (recruits, R) are typically assumed to be continuous and nonlinear. However, R may change abruptly with small changes in S if population-, community-, or ecosystem-scale processes trigger low adult reproduction and cause populations to shift abruptly to regimes of low recruitment. We simulated R with low mean and variation below a known S threshold and high mean and variation of R above it. We compared simulations with published S–R relationships. For all data, we fit a conventional Ricker-type S–R model, a logistic depensatory mo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Hudson, Adam D., David A. Sanders, Giles E. Tewkesbury, Howard Cawte, and John W. Hinks. "Simulation of a high recirculation airlift reactor for steady-state operation." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 5-6 (1996): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0535.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper describes a new mathematical model of the fluid dynamic processes in a high recirculation airlift reactor. The model was created to provide information to assist in the design of a reactor, in particular considering the selection of parameters to adjust in order to achieve a steady state solution. The modelling of two phase-flow of air and water in small scale airlift bio-reactors is considered. This modelling was applied to the high recirculation airlift reactor process. A new computer simulation was created and a test program performed to evaluate the models used. The results of t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Sladek, Jan, Vladimir Sladek, and Pihua H. Wen. "The Meshless Analysis of Scale-Dependent Problems for Coupled Fields." Materials 13, no. 11 (2020): 2527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112527.

Full text

Abstract:

The meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method was developed to analyze 2D problems for flexoelectricity and higher-grade thermoelectricity. Both problems were multiphysical and scale-dependent. The size effect was considered by the strain and electric field gradients in the flexoelectricity, and higher-grade heat flux in the thermoelectricity. The variational principle was applied to derive the governing equations within the higher-grade theory of considered continuous media. The order of derivatives in the governing equations was higher than in their counterparts in classical theory. In th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Spanjers, H., J. C. Bouvier, P. Steenweg, I. Bisschops, W. van Gils, and B. Versprille. "Implementation of in-line infrared monitor in full-scale anaerobic digestion process." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 4-5 (2006): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.110.

Full text

Abstract:

During start up but also during normal operation, anaerobic reactor systems should be run and monitored carefully to secure trouble-free operation, because the process is vulnerable to disturbances such as temporary overloading, biomass wash out and influent toxicity. The present method of monitoring is usually by manual sampling and subsequent laboratory analysis. Data collection, processing and feedback to system operation is manual and ad hoc, and involves high-level operator skills and attention. As a result, systems tend to be designed at relatively conservative design loading rates resul

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Kamaruddin, Mohd Johari, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini, Anwar Johari та Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah. "Dielectric Properties for the Ring Opening Polymerisation of ε-Caprolactone". Applied Mechanics and Materials 493 (січень 2014): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.493.621.

Full text

Abstract:

A dielectric property study was performed across a wide range of frequencies and temperatures onring opening polymerisation of ε-caprolactone system in order to relate quantitatively their dielectric properties to microwave heating mechanisms. An analysis of the results concluded that heating mechanism of the polymerisation mixtures in a microwave field was controlled by the dielectric properties of monomer, where the monomer was the major component (>90 % volume/volume) as well as the component with highest dielectric loss and dissipation factor. The penetration depth of mixtures at 2.45 G

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Horesh, Netta. "Self-Report vs. Computerized Measures of Impulsivity as a Correlate of Suicidal Behavior." Crisis 22, no. 1 (2001): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0227-5910.22.1.27.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives: To compare the use of a self-report form of impulsivity versus a computerized test of impulsivity in the assessment of suicidal adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Methods: Sixty consecutive admissions to an adolescent in patient unit were examined. The severity of suicidal behavior was measured with the Childhood Suicide Potential Scale (CSPS), and impulse control was measured with the self report Plutchik Impulse Control Scale (ICS) and with the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), a continuous performance test (CPT). The TOVA is used to diagnose adolescents with attention defic

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Cleves, Mario A. "Comparative Assessment of Three Common Algorithms for Estimating the Variance of the Area under the Nonparametric Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 2, no. 3 (2002): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x0200200304.

Full text

Abstract:

The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is often used to summarize and compare the discriminatory accuracy of a diagnostic test or modality, and to evaluate the predictive power of statistical models for binary outcomes. Parametric maximum likelihood methods for fitting of the ROC curve provide direct estimates of the area under the ROC curve and its variance. Nonparametric methods, on the other hand, provide estimates of the area under the ROC curve, but do not directly estimate its variance. Three algorithms for computing the variance for the area under the nonparame

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Li, Yin-Sheng, Yi-Qun Xiao, Jiang-Ping Qiu, Yi-Qi Dai, and Paul Robin. "Continuous village sewage treatment by vermifiltration and activated sludge process." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 11 (2009): 3001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.715.

Full text

Abstract:

Rural sewage treatment is now paid more and more attention in China. Vermifiltration technology could be one of the practical options under the review of previous studies. It showed good removal rates of contaminants on small to pilot scales for short-term tests. However, the impacts of season, temperature or other unknown factors are usually not taken into account. In this study, a larger vermifilter was designed to treat the sewage on village scale for long-term operation. Filter material composition was optimized by a half year experimentation. The treatment effects of vermifiltration were

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Seyfang, Bernhard, Andreas Klein, and Thomas Grützner. "Extraction Centrifuges—Intensified Equipment Facilitating Modular and Flexible Plant Concepts." ChemEngineering 3, no. 1 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3010017.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, modularization of chemical production plants has become a widely discussed trend to overcome some of key issues the chemical industry struggles with. High volatility in raw material and customer markets, shorter product life cycles, cost pressure and increasing competition are just a few of them. Modularization of chemical production offers the opportunity to deal with these issues. The unit operations, which are capable to be applied in modular plant concepts, are subject of on-going research. On the reaction side, tubular continuous flow reactors are typical assets and metho

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Boncz, M. A., L. Pinheiro Bezerra, C. Nobuyoshi Ide, and P. Loureiro Paulo. "Optimisation of biogas production from anaerobic digestion of agro-industrial waste streams in Brazil." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 8 (2008): 1659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.508.

Full text

Abstract:

The important Brazilian agro-industry produces significant amounts of wastewater with high concentrations of biodegradable compounds. A lot can be gained if wastewater treatment would take place using anaerobic reactors instead of the anaerobic lagoons generally used now. Apart from preventing methane emissions to the atmosphere this would permit the use of the biogas as a source of energy. To facilitate implementation of this technology also in small and intermediate sized companies a system requiring only minimal maintenance is needed. The need for maintenance by skilled labour can be reduce

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Mbah, Stella, and Jeffery Obiezekwem. "Electronic Banking and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Anambra State, Nigeria." International Journal of Business and Management 14, no. 6 (2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n6p173.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to identify the relationship between electronic banking and performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Anambra state; one of the states with the highest number of SMEs, entrepreneurial skills, informal enterprises and a suitable business environment in Nigeria. To achieve this, the researcher examined performance of SMEs and their association with components of electronic banking; automated teller machine, point of sale services, transaction alerts via short message services (SMS) and mobile banking, through a questionnaire. Three hundred and seventy (73.1% response r

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Eshun, P. Arroja, and E. Okyere. "Assessment of the Challenges in Policy Implementation in the Small Scale Gold Mining Sector in Ghana – A Case Study." Ghana Mining Journal 17, no. 1 (2017): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v17i1.6.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent times, stakeholders in the mining sector have expressed concerns about the environmental degradation and the social impacts of uncontrolled Small Scale Mining (SSM) activities in Ghana despite the existence of legislative instruments that define the procedures required for the acquisition of licences and operations of SSM activities in the country. This paper assesses the challenges in policy implementation in the small scale gold mining sector of Ghana by reviewing policies on regularisation and environmental management. It further identifies challenges faced by small scale mining o

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Araki, Hiroyuki, Kenichi Koga, Katsuto Inomae, Tetsuya Kusuda, and Youichi Awaya. "Intermittent Aeration for Nitrogen Removal in Small Oxidation Ditches." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 3-4 (1990): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0193.

Full text

Abstract:

An intermittent aeration method is available for nitrogen removal in a small oxidation ditch. The purpose of this study is to establish a basis for design and operation of the oxidation ditch with the intermittent aeration method. Discussions on the essential process parameters depending on cycle time tc, aerobic period ta, specific nitrification rate vn and specific denitrification rate vd were carried out by using a continuous-flow stirred-tank model. It is shown theoretically that an optimum range of the aerobic time ratio (ta/tc) for nitrogen removal exists in the region of 1/v n* to 1-1/v

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Merlin, Gérard, Jonathan Outin, and Hervé Boileau. "Co-Digestion of Extended Aeration Sewage Sludge with Whey, Grease and Septage: Experimental and Modeling Determination." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 9199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169199.

Full text

Abstract:

The potential of co-digestion mixing thickened secondary sludge (TS) from extended aeration wastewater treatment plant and locally available substrates (whey, grease and septage) has been studied in this work, using three steps. The first step was a batch test to determine the biological methane potential (BMP) of different mixtures of the three co-substrates with TS. The second step was carried out with lab-scale reactors (20 L), simulating anaerobic continuous stirred tank reactors, fed by three mixtures of co-substrates that were determined according to the previous step results. Modeling w

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Doroodian, Mahmood, Mohd Nizam Ab Rahman, Yusniza Kamarulzaman, and Norhamidi Muhamad. "Designing and Validating a Model for Measuring Innovation Capacity Construct." Advances in Decision Sciences 2014 (September 30, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/576596.

Full text

Abstract:

In today’s rapid changing and highly competitive business environment, innovation is broadly recognized as a powerful competitive weapon. Innovation is a dynamic process that needs continuous, evolving, and mastered management. Thus, companies need to monitor and measure their innovation capacity to manage the innovation process. Yet, there is lack of a psychometrically valid scale for innovation capacity construct in the current innovation literature. The purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable and valid scale of measurement for innovation capacity. To test its unidimensionality, relia

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!