Academic literature on the topic 'Continuous wavelet analysis'

The High Resolution Electrocardiogram (HRECG) is used to detect Ventricular Late Potentials (VLPs) in post-myocardial infarction patients. VLPs are low-amplitude, high-frequency signals that are usually found within the terminal part of the QRS complex. The aim of this research was to develop possible alternative methods and improve existing methods of detecting VLP activity. There are two main topics in this work: applications of the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to the HRECG. For the CWT application, a Fractionation Factor (FF) method proposed by previous work was further investigated and improved by combining the CWT and DWT for distinction between patients with and those without VLPs. A Differential Fractionation Factor was proposed as an alternative approach to the FF with better results. Observation in the time-scale plot showed a difference in the energy distribution. A 2-dimensional Fractionation Factor was proposed to quantify this difference. A new concept of local intermittency was investigated to exhibit energy nonuniformity and then a Local Intermittency Factor was developed to quantify the degree of nonuniformity. The energy computed with the CWT was also used for patient distinction. Patients with VLPs may be also characterised by a slow rate of energy decay. The CWT can reveal a difference in ECG irregularity between the patients. A new approach of approximate entropy was implemented to quantify this irregularity. For the DWT application, the DWT can reveal irregularity of VLP activity and it was quantified by the approximate entropy to identify patients with VLPs. The wavelet entropy was utilised as an alternative method to the FF. The energy computed with the DWT was used for patient classification. The potentially promising results of both the CWT and DWT applications were obtained from the methods of computing the energy and approximate entropy

Accelerometer data can be analyzed using a variety of methods which are effective in the clinical setting. Time-series analysis is used to analyze spatiotemporal variables in various populations. More recently, investigators have focused on gait complexity and the structure of spatiotemporal variations during walking and running. This study evaluated the use of time-series analyses to determine gait parameters during running. Subjects were college-age female soccer players. Accelerometer data were collected using GPS-embedded trunk-mounted accelerometers. Customized Matlab® programs were developed that included Gaussian continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to determine spatiotemporal characteristics, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to examine gait complexity and autocorrelation analyses (ACF) to assess gait regularity. Reliability was examined using repeated running efforts and intraclass correlation. Proof of concept was determined by examining differences in each variable between various running speeds. Applicability was established by examining gait before and after fatiguing activity. The results showed most variables had excellent reliability. Test-retest R2 values for these variables ranged from 0.8 to 1.0. Low reliability was seen in bilateral comparisons of gait symmetry. Increases in running speed resulted in expected changes in spatiotemporal and acceleration variables. Fatiguing exercise had minimal effects on spatiotemporal variables but resulted in noticeable declines in complexity. This investigation shows that GPS-embedded trunk-mounted accelerometers can be effectively used to assess running gait. CWT and DFA yield reliable measures of spatiotemporal characteristics of gait and gait complexity. The effects of running speed and fatigue on these variables provides proof of concepts and applicability for this analytical approach.<br>Master of Science<br>Fitness trackers have become widely accessible and easy to use. So much so that athletic teams have been using them to track activity throughout the season. Researchers are able to manipulate data generated from the fitness monitors to assess many different variables including gait. Monitoring gait may generate important information about the condition of the individual. As a person fatigues, running form is theorized to breakdown, which increases injury risk. Therefore the ability to monitor gait may be advantageous in preventing injury. The purpose of this study is to show that the methods in this study are reproducible, respond reasonably to changes in speed, and to observe the changes of gait in the presence of fatigue or on tired legs. Three analyses are used in this study. The first method called autocorrelation, overlays acceleration signals of consecutive foot strikes, and determines the similarity between them. The second method utilizes a wave transformation technique that is able to determine foot contact times. The final method attempts to determine any pattern in the running stride. This method looks for changes in the structure of the pattern. Less structure would indicate a stride that is fatigued. The results showed that the methods of gait analysis used in this study were reproducible and responded appropriately with changes in speed. Small changes in gait were observed due to the presence of fatigue. Further investigation into the use of these methods to determine changes in gait due to the presence of fatigue are warranted.

This thesis deals with analysis of dynamic forces and vibrations created during cutting with saw. The analysis is done on both simulation and experimental level. Acquired signals are evaluated with signal tools as STFT, CWT and DWT.

Ce travail consiste à caractériser la variabilité temporelle et spatiale des séries chronologiques de paramètres hydroclimatiques (pluies, débits) au niveau de trois grand bassins au Maroc ; (bassins de la Moulouya, du Sebou et du Tensift) et à chercher les liens entre cette variabilité hydrologique et les fluctuations climatiques matérialisées par différents indices climatiques, NAO, SOI, WMOI. L’approche d’étude est basée le traitement statistique des séries temporelles, liée aux dimensions temps et espace.Les grands bassins versants d'échelle continentale comme le Tensift, le Sebou et la Moulouya en climat méditerranéen sous influence océanique, intègrent sur des grandes surfaces la réponse hydrologique aux changements climatiques et environnementaux (fluctuations du climat, précipitations, débits) à de larges échelles spatiales et temporelles, mais également les modifications du milieu physique d’origine anthropique (changements d’occupation des sols, aménagements…), ce qui rend parfois difficile l’identification des liens entre la variabilité hydrologique et la variabilité climatique. Les principaux objectifs de ce travail sont de déterminer et de quantifier les relations entre la variabilité hydroclimatique et les fluctuations du climat à l’échelle de chaque bassin étudié et de ses principaux sous-bassins, via l'utilisation de méthodes d’analyses spectrales adaptées à l’étude des processus non stationnaires (analyse en ondelettes continues, analyse de la cohérence par ondelettes). Plusieurs modes de variabilités sont identifiés à partir de l’analyse par station (pluies et débits), du cycle annuel au mode 16-22 ans, cette analyse sera complétée par une analyse par maille, dont les données sont issues d’un fichier (SIEREM) couvrant la période 1940-1999, où on identifie des fréquences de 1an au 8-16 ans, distinguées sur des périodes différentes au niveau de chaque bassin, permettant ainsi une décomposition de la variabilité spatiale des signaux mis en évidence. Trois principales discontinuités sont identifiées en 1970, 1980 et 2000. La contribution des indices climatiques est assez importante elle est entre 55% et 80%<br>This work is to characterize the temporal and spatial variability of hydroclimatic time series (rainfall, flow) at three large basins in Morocco; (basins of the Sebou and Moulouya Tensift) and look links between the hydrologic variability and climate fluctuation materialized by various climate indices, NAO, SOI, WMOI. The approach to study is based on statistical analysis of time series, related to time and space dimensions.The great watershed of continental scale as Tensift, Sebou and Moulouya in Mediterranean climate under oceanic influence, integrate over large areas the hydrological response to climate and environmental changes (climate fluctuations, precipitation, flows) not only to large spatial and temporal scales, but also to changes in the physical environment anthropogenic (land use changes, developments ...), which sometimes makes difficult to identify the links between hydrological variability and climate variability. The main objective of this work is to determine and quantify the relationships between hydrological variability and climate fluctuations (regionalised precipitation, climate change indexes) across each studied basin and its main sub-basins, via using spectral analysis methods adapted to the study of non-stationary processes (continuous wavelet analysis, coherence analysis wavelet). Many modes of variability are identified from the station analysis (rainfall and flow rates), the annual cycle to 16-22 years, this analysis will be complemented by a grid analysis, the data come from a (SIEREM) file covering the period from 1940 to 1999, which will allow a better understanding of the spatial variability of signals set highlighted. Which is identified frequencies the 1 year 8-16 years, distinguished different time periods at each basin, three main discontinuities identified in 1970, 1980 and 2000. The contribution of climatic indices is important enough it is between 55% and 80%

Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2009<br>Bibliografia: f. 47-52<br>Uma das questões mais importantes na interface de computador-cérebro é a análise de padrões cerebrais, geralmente representados por sinais elétricos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo introduzir uma ferramenta de mineração de dados para sinais de EEG, anali<br>One of the most important issues in brain-computer interface (BCI) is the analysis of patterns in brain states generally represented by electrical signals. The main objective of this work is to present an exploratory approach on electroencephalographic (E

Submitted by ANDRÉ LUIS VINAGRE PEREIRA null (andreluisvp@gmail.com) on 2018-03-29T18:17:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado Final.pdf: 7001331 bytes, checksum: 858704904256f11c8131d5f17bd44a78 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-04-02T12:53:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_alv_me_ilha.pdf: 7001331 bytes, checksum: 858704904256f11c8131d5f17bd44a78 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T12:53:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_alv_me_ilha.pdf: 7001331 bytes, checksum: 858704904256f11c8131d5f17bd44a78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Na manutenção preditiva, as análises dos sinais de vibração e das partículas do óleo são frequentemente utilizadas para o diagnóstico de falhas em redutores, porque elas contêm informações das condições de seus elementos mecânicos. Os sinais de vibração de um redutor geralmente têm muito ruído e a relação sinal-ruído é tão baixa que a extração de informações dos componentes do sinal é muito difícil, especialmente em situações práticas. Uma das soluções para este problema é a aplicação de técnicas de processamento do sinal para facilitar a obtenção de informações. Neste trabalho, uma técnica de cancelamento de ruído, a média temporal síncrona (TSA), e outra técnica da transformada contínua de wavelet de Morlet foram desenvolvidas para extração de recursos e diagnóstico de diferentes tipos de danos locais da engrenagem. Estas técnicas são aplicadas em sinais medidos em uma bancada experimental, que consiste em um par engrenado acoplado a um motor e a um gerador. Outro método para monitorar o estado do sistema é pela análise de partículas presente no óleo provenientes do desgaste das engrenagens. Avaliando a quantidade, formato, tamanho e material das partículas é possível obter informações das condições do equipamento e do tipo de desgaste ocorrido. Neste trabalho, foram feitas a análise do óleo pelas técnicas da ferrografia e contagem de partículas. A parte experimental deste trabalho foi dividida em dois experimentos. No primeiro experimento as condições de um par engrenado durante toda a sua vida útil foi monitorada, enquanto que no segundo experimento, um entalhe foi feito na raiz do dente simulando uma trinca por fadiga. A análise das partículas de óleo mostrou quais tipos de desgastes estava ocorrendo e a técnica da transformada contínua de wavelet mostrou-se precisa na identificação de falhas em dentes de engrenagens, sendo possível indicar em qual dente a falha estava se desenvolvendo.<br>At the predictive maintenance, the vibration signals analysis and oil particles analysis are frequently used to diagnose failures in a gearbox, because they contain information about the condition of its mechanic’s elements. The vibration signals of a gearbox usually have a lot of noise and the ratio ‘signal-noise’ is very low, making the extraction of information from the signals component very hard, especially in a practical situation. One of the solutions to this problem is the application of technics of signal processing, to improve the collection of information. At this study, a technique of noise cancellation, Temporal Synchronous Average (TSA) and another technique called continuous transform with the Morlet wavelet were executed for the extraction of resources and diagnostics of different type of gears local damages. Those methods are applied to signals measured on an experimental test stand, consisting of a gearbox with an engine and a generator. Another method for monitoring system wear is by analyzing wear particles in the oil generated due to the wear on the gears. By evaluating the quantity, shape, size and material of the particles it is possible to obtain information about the conditions of the equipment and the type of wear that has occurred. During this work, it was done the analysis of the oil by the techniques of ferrography and particle counting. The experimental part of this study was divided into two experiments. On the first experiment was monitored the conditions of a couple meshed throughout its useful life and in the second was made a notch in the root of the tooth simulating a crack by fatigue. The analysis of the oil particles showed what types of wear was occurring and the technique of the continuous wavelet transform was accurate in the identification of defects in gear's teeth, and it was possible to indicate which tooth was failing.

<p>Today, UltraSound (US) images are often used in medical examination and surgery. An improvement of the quality of these US-images will lead to many advantages, which is a big motivation for research on this field. One obstacle in improving the quality of the images is the presence of noise and texture. In order to distinguish this unwanted information from the interesting objects, different techniques can be used. Characteristic features, such as the ability to find vague contours, small objects or edges of small strength, decides if the technique is suitable for analysing noisy signals. This thesis presents different techniques for finding objects in US-images by using the continuous wavelet-transform. One observation from the analysis is that for edge-detectors using the wavelet-transform at a single scale, there is a compromise between accuracy and reliability. One has to choose between detecting small objects or vague contours. At fine scales one is able to detect small objects, but not objects with a vague contour without including redundant information. At coarse scales one is able to detect vague contours without including redundant information, but one will not detect small objects. The Lipschitz-regularity and the length of a maxima-line in the time-scale plane works well to find the points where the signal changes with a long duration, but is less suitable to find small objects and to remove unwanted information. By using the value of the wavelet-transform at several scales, it is possible to find vague contours in images, small objects, and edges of small strength compared to the strength of the noise. Another important observation from the analysis is that use of the circumference of objects is appropriate in order to find the most important objects in an image. Using this information has been very useful with respect to the analysis of US-images. Medical ultra-sound images are in general of varying quality. In addition the quality of a US-image will typically change within the signal, and changes with respect to the quality of the contour of objects and the influence of noise. The technique which in general is most reliable and produces the best representations of the US-images analysed in this thesis, uses information about the amplitude of the wavelet-transform both within and across scales, in addition to information about the circumference of the objects. This combined edge-detector is reliable with respect to represent the important objects in the image, and this representation is often easily obtained by the edge-detector.</p>

L'objectif de ce travail a été de développer une méthodologie de télédétection novatrice, s'appuyant sur des plateformes existantes, de suivi des principaux facteurs influençant la dynamique côtière. Lors de mon étude j'ai développé des suivis basés sur un outil classique: l'altimétrie satellitaire. Mon approche s'est appuié sur les nouvelles missions spatiales dont j'ai évalué l'apport sur la zone côtière qui est la plus critique qui est la plus critique du point de vue socio-économique. J'ai plus spécifiquement regardé la façade atlantique entre La Rochelle et Bayonne. Je me suis ensuite intéressée à une technique originale basée sur la réflexion des ondes GNSS (GNSS-R). Ces outils nous permettent de surveiller précisément les diverses ondes de marée et de détecter des phénomènes plus singuliers comme la tempête Xynthia (2010) qui a affectée le Sud de l'Europe. Ces outils démontrent qu'il est possible aussi de suivre la dynamique côtière liée aux variations de houle et son impact sur l'érosion côtière, et même les effets de la forte dépression atmosphérique associée à Xynthia et qui a eu un impact visible sur le niveau local de l'océan atlantique. Ma thèse repose sur deux approches complémentaires basées sur deux échelles d'analyse, l'une globale associée à l'altimétrie satellitaire l'autre plus locale, dédiée à la détection des évènements extrêmes et basée sur le réflectométrie. La première étude s'appuie sur différentes missions altimétriques et nous a permis de suivre les variations du niveau de la mer de la côte atlantique française au Sud du golfe de Gascogne durant la période de 1995-2015. Les données SARAL, dont l'empreinte au sol au de l'ordre de 6 km, montrent qu'il est maintenant possible de s'approcher de la bande côtière jusqu'à ~10km avec une grande précision (~20cm). La seconde application repose sur le GNSS-R que nous avons utilisé pour suivre la partie protégée de la baie de Saint Jean de Luz. Là encore les résultats sont exceptionnels puisqu'ils nous ont permis de suivre l'impact de la tempête Xynthia. J'ai ainsi mis en évidence qu'il était possible avec un seul instrument de suivre les effets des marées, et les effets des surcotes marines qui, associées à l'impact de la pression atmosphérique, donnent une bonne corrélation (R=0.8 entre la composante RC3 et les surcôtes, et R=0.72 avec la pression atmosphérique) durant la tempête. Enfin nous avons aussi regardé ce qui se passe lors de la transition eaux continentales/océaniques pour les deltas du Fleuve Rouge et du Mékong (Vietnam). Et mêmes si les séries temporelles sont assez courtes, les résultats sont plus qu'encourageant puisqu'ils nous ont permis de de suivre les épisodes de crues associées à deux tempêtes tropicales (Mirinae et Nida) et de mesurer le retard entre les chutes de pluies et la propagation de l'onde crue qui montre dans le cas présent un délai de de 48h pour Nida. Grâce au déploiement dans de nombreux pays de réseaux GNSS permanents, cette technique peut être appliquée lorsqu'une station GNSS permanente est située près du rivage. L'approche GNSS-R peut être alors utilisée pour le suivi des variations du niveau de la mer mais aussi l'impact d'évènements extrêmes. Pour cela nous avons utilisé 3 mois d'enregistrements (janv-mars 2010) de la station GNSS de Socoa, pour déterminer les composantes, court terme, de la marée dans les signaux GNSS-R et pour identifier la tempête Xynthia<br>The objective of this PhD thesis was to develop an innovative remote sensing methodology, based on existing platforms, to monitor the main factors influencing coastal dynamics. We propose monitoring based on a classic tool i.e. satellite altimetry but with a focus on new space missions (SARAL, Sentinel-3). Whose contributions will be evaluated, particularly in the coastal zone, which is the most critical from a socio-economic point of view? I have focused my attention on the French Atlantic coast between La Rochelle and Bayonne. We will also rely on an original technique based on the reflection of GNSS positioning satellites (technical known as GNSS-R). These tools will allow us to precisely monitor the various tidal waves, but they have also allowed us to detect more unusual phenomena such as the extreme event of 2010: the storm Xynthia that affected the coasts of southern Europe. These tools demonstrate that it is also possible will also be able to see to monitor the coastal dynamics related to swell variations and its impact on coastal erosion, and even the effects of the strong atmospheric depression associated with Xynthia, which has had a measurable impact on the local sea level of the Atlantic Ocean. My thesis is focused on two complementary approaches based on two scales of study: the first one is global and used satellite altimetry, the second one is more local and focused on the extreme event detection and it is based on the GNSS reflectometry. The first study, which I carried out, relies on different satellite altimetry missions (ERS-2, Jason- 1/2/3, ENVISAT, SARAL) which allowed us to follow the sea level variations (SSH) from the French Atlantic coast to the south of the Bay of Biscay during the 1995-2015 period. SARAL data, including a footprint of around 6 km, show that it is now possible to approach the coastal fringe up to ~ 10 km with a great precision (RMSE ~ 20 cm). The second application is based on the GNSS-R methodology that we used to track SSH in the inner part of the bay of Saint Jean de Luz - Socoa during the storm Xynthia. Here again the results are exceptional since they allowed us to follow the impact of the storm Xynthia on the local level of the ocean. I thus highlighted that it was possible with only one instrument to follow the effects of the tides, and even the effects of the marine surges which associated to the impact of the atmospheric pressure on the sea level give a good correlation (R = 0.77 between the RC3 component and the surge, and R = 0.73 with the atmospheric pressure) during storm. Finally we also looked at what is happening in the transition between continental and oceanic waters for the deltas of the Red River and Mekong in Vietnam. And, even if the time series are rather short or truncated (Red River) the results are more than encouraging since they allowed us to follow the flooding events associated with two tropical storms (Mirinae and Nida) and to measure the delay between the rain falls and the propagation of the flood wave which shows in this case a delay of 48 h for Nida. With the deployment of permanent GNSS networks in many countries, this technique can be applied when a permanent GNSS station is located near the shore. The GNSS-R approach can be used to monitor sea level variations but also the effect of extreme events. For that we used 3 months of recordings (January-March 2010) from the Socoa GNSS station to determine the tidal components in the GNSS-R signals and to identify the Xynthia storm