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Journal articles on the topic 'Continuously variable transmission (CVT)'

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1

Dilip Challirwar, Tanvi. "Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 67, no. 3 (March 25, 2019): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v67i3p211.

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2

Ivanov, Konstantin Samson. "Creation of Adaptive-Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 436 (October 2013): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.436.63.

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Recently there were patents on not switched gear continuously variable transmission (CVT) without hydro transformer. In transmission wheelwork with two degrees of freedom and one entrance is used. Adaptive mechanism of CVT provides possibility of output link movement with speed inversely to resistance force at constant input power. However the theoretical description of such transmissions is not convincing enough. Obviously at the basis of creation of adaptive transfers with two degrees of freedom essentially new regularity of mechanics lies. Purpose of present work is to formulate regularities of the mechanics allowing creating the adaptive-mechanical continuously variable transmission. The using of the found regularities will allow creating transmissions with mechanical adaptation to variable technological loading.
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3

Xue, Yuan, Zhen Gou, He Yin, and Xiao Fu Zhang. "Energy Model of Pulse Continuously Variable Transmission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 835 (May 2016): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.654.

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The low efficiency restricts the development of pulse continuously variable transmission (P-CVT) mainly, so it is an urgent task to reveal the physical essence of P-CVT, find out the main factor of energy loss, optimize the structure and improve the efficiency. In this paper for this problem, the energy model is established, proposing the calculation method of the energy loss in kinematic pair, the energy loss caused by the resistance of lubrication and the energy loss caused by the damping of the materials of transmission machine. And on this basis, the energy loss will be analyzed specifically by taking the Y2 P-CVT for example, pointing out the corresponding measures which can improve the efficiency. Finally, the physical essence of P-CVT is revealed. Therefore, this paper can provide theory for the efficiency analysis and optimal design of P-CVT.
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4

Amoozandeh Nobaveh, Ali, Just L. Herder, and Giuseppe Radaelli. "A compliant Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)." Mechanism and Machine Theory 184 (June 2023): 105281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2023.105281.

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5

Goszczak, Jarosław, Bartosz Radzymiński, and Grzegorz Mitukiewicz. "Continuously variable transmission leakage test results." Acta Innovations, no. 31 (April 1, 2019): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.31.1.

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After a short introduction characterizing the general outline of the issue, this paper describes the test results of oil leakage measurements through CVT actuator seals. The research was done using Jatco company's CVT 7 model, the popular gearbox for small passenger cars. Several curves of leakage values are given for both actuators, concerning different conditions such as rotational speed, oil temperature or pressure. In the summary several conclusions are formulated, based on presented test results. The determined maximal value of leakage is about 1 l/min. It emerged that the influence of centrifugal force is negligible. What is more, the observed phenomena are shortly described and projected for more detailed investigation.
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6

Goszczak, Jarosław, and Bartosz Radzymiński. "Continuously Variable Transmissions - outline." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.110.

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Paper concerned the Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT). The comparison of the engine’s work conditions with conventional manual transmission and CVT’s is presented. Also, a short historical track is included. Furthermore, a production data with the forecast is presented for different parts of the World. Various current solutions of continuous ratio change are mentioned with the more detailed description of the most popular design used in passenger cars. Technological challenges and possibilities of further transmission improvement are included.
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7

Tawi, Kamarul Baharin, Izhari Izmi Mazali, Bambang Supriyo, Nurulakmar Abu Husain, Mohd Salman Che Kob, and Yusrina Zainal Abidin. "Pulleys' Axial Movement Mechanism for Electro-Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.185.

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Pulley-based continuously variable transmission (CVT) with Metal Pushing V-belt (V-belt) is a type of automotive transmission that is widely applied currently by many car manufacturers worldwide. Unlike the conventional automotive transmissions, in a pulley-based CVT with V-belt, the transmission ratio (CVT ratio) is changed continuously without the use of discrete gears. Instead, the CVT ratio is varied through the simultaneous axial movement of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley. By axially moving both pulleys simultaneously, the radius of the V-belt on both pulleys will be changed accordingly, resulting in the change of the CVT ratio. The existing pulley-based CVTs in the market use electro-hydro-mechanical (EHM) actuation system to change and to maintain the desired CVT ratio through the hydraulic pressure. However, the application of EHM actuation system leads to some disadvantages, particularly in term of the high power consumption from the engine needed to maintain the desired CVT ratio. This reduces the efficiency of the powertrain system, which eventually increases the fuel consumption of the vehicles. In addition to that, the existing pulley-based CVTs also use single acting pulley mechanism to axially move the pulleys for changing the CVT ratio. Therefore, the issue of V-belt's misalignment, which shortens the lifespan of the V-belt, is inevitable here. In this paper, the pulleys' axial movement mechanism that uses electro-mechanical (EM) actuation system is proposed. Consequently, the working principle of the proposal is described and its potential benefits are discussed.
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8

Albers, A., A. Stuffer, and J. Bernhardt. "Continuously variable transmission (CVT) with ceramic components." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 36, no. 3-4 (March 2005): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.200500868.

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9

Mantriota, G. "Power split continuously variable transmission systems with high efficiency." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 215, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407011525692.

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Continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) have developed notably in different applications over the past years. This is especially true in the automobile field because of advantages in terms of car handling and efficiency on urban roads. In this work an original functional solution of a power split CVT system is described. The proposed solution allows the generation of a power flow without recirculation. Kinetic characteristics of single-component devices are obtained and the power split CVT system's efficiency is determined by considering how the efficiency of the component devices changes as a function of operating conditions. The advantages for the power split CVT system are therefore shown in terms of power and efficiency in comparison with the single CVT.
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10

Tanaka, H., and H. Machida. "Half-Toroidal Traction-Drive Continuously Variable Power Transmission." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 210, no. 3 (September 1996): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_500_02.

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A continuously variable power transmission (CVT) has a potential to present comfortable cruising, powerful acceleration, fuel economy and improvement of exhaust-gas emission as an automotive power transmission. There have been many developments of the half-toroidal traction-drive CVT since 1980 and ceaseless improvements on the traction material, synthetic fluid and efficiency continue to be made. This paper discusses some fundamental issues such as the influence of spin on the temperature rise of the traction surface, stress-cycle endurance of the traction element and heat transfer of the power roller, and shows the efficiency curve of the latest double-cavity CVT with a nominal input-torque capacity of 340 N m and rotational speed of 7000 r/min working at the maximum Hertzian pressure of 3.2 GPa.
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11

Kim, Jungyun, F. C. Park, Yeongil Park, and Mishima Shizuo. "Design and Analysis of a Spherical Continuously Variable Transmission." Journal of Mechanical Design 124, no. 1 (August 1, 2000): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1436487.

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In this article we propose the design of a novel continuously variable transmission, the spherical continuously variable transmission (S-CVT). The S-CVT consists of a sphere, input and output discs, and variators. The rotating input and output discs are connected to the power source and output shafts, respectively, while the sphere is situated between the input and output discs. The transmission ratio is controlled by adjusting the location of the contact point between the variators and the sphere, which in turn controls the axis of rotation of the sphere. The S-CVT can smoothly transit between the forward, neutral, and reverse states without any brakes or clutches, and its compact and simple design and its relatively simple control make it particularly effective for mechanical systems in which excessively large torques are not required (e.g., mobile robots, household appliances, small-scale machining centers). We describe the operating principles behind the S-CVT, including a kinematic and dynamic analysis. Simulations and experiments with a constructed prototype are conducted to assess the performance of the S-CVT, including a study of its energy efficiency vis-a´-vis reduction gears.
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12

Kuo, Kei Lin. "Optimization of Hydraulic Pressure for Continuously Variable Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.529.

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Compared to conventional transmission layouts, Active continuously variable transmission (CVT) provides smoother gear shifting and gear ratio in smaller increments, and is, therefore, more accommodating the needs of both the driver and passengers. A few notable improvements are enhanced passenger comfort, higher transmission efficiency, and improved acceleration. Incorporating all of the above qualities has become a major developmental focus for the automotive industry, and the potential for improvement warrants further investigation. A CVT controls the gear ratio by changing the diameters of the primary (input) and the secondary (output) pulleys by adjusting the hydraulic pressure applied to each using valves. Hydraulic pressure in the channel is developed using a basic pump connected to the input shaft. Excess pressure produced at higher speed is wasted. This study aims to minimize this hydraulic pressure without affecting the transmission’s performance, in order to conserve energy. A user interface was set up and the CVT’s torque converter was modified such that the inner and outer shafts could be operated independently, allowing for full control of hydraulic pressure .This experiment successfully achieved, via a custom LabVIEW program, its goal of controlling the gear ratio between the primary and secondary pulleys whilst operating at lower pressures to those specified by the manufacturer. This proves that it is possible to fully control the CVT whilst operating at a reduced hydraulic pressure.
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13

Yuan, Ma Shu, Bdran Sameh, and Saifullah Samo. "Modeling and Simulation of Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) Hydraulic System." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1221.

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As most of today’s a continuously variable transmission (CVT) adopt an electro-hydraulic control system, the role of electronically controlled solenoid valves play an important stature. This paper presents a dynamic modeling and simulation of CVT hydraulic system using Matlab-simulink package and analyzes the dynamic characteristics of the CVT hydraulic system in frequency domain.
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14

Wang, Shun Min, Zhuo Li, Xin Yu Wang, and Xi Chao Li. "Development of the Sphere-Toroidal Continuously Variable Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 1315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1315.

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This paper describes a new genre of Toroidal-CVT system, called the Sphere-Toroidal Continuously Variable Transmission (STCVT), which is derived from the half-toroidal traction drive (TCVT) and introduces its structure and working principle. The torque transfers from the input shaft to the cross-axle universal shaft coupling connected with the driven shaft. By discussing the difference between the torque-transfer, the paper will show the possibility of the application in the vehicle. To conclude, the system has the potential to implement infinite extension for the CVT theoretically.
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15

Setlur, P., J. R. Wagner, D. M. Dawson, and B. Samuels. "Nonlinear control of a continuously variable transmission (CVT)." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 11, no. 1 (January 2003): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2002.806434.

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16

Sun, Chuan Qiong, Guo Xing Sun, Ai Hua Ren, and Yong De Liu. "The Kinematic Analysis of Heart-Shaped Gear Continuously Variable Transmission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 1489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.1489.

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Based on the research of non-circular gear Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT), firstly the working principle of the heart-shaped gear is introduced, and then the kinematic characteristics are analyzed, lastly the feature of the heart-shaped gear CVT is obtained.
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17

Yu, Yongquan, Chao Lin, and Ping Xu. "Pattern Classification and Gear Design of Spatial Noncircular Gear Continuously Variable Transmission." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (March 5, 2022): 2715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052715.

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Noncircular gear and curve face gear are collectively referred to as spatial noncircular gear. Combined with the transmission characteristics of spatial noncircular gear, a new classification design method of spatial noncircular gear continuously variable transmission (CVT) pattern was proposed, including two categories named addition type and multiplication type, with a total of five subcategories. Through the combination of the transmission ratio changing mechanism and transmission selection mechanism, it can realize the CVT. The overall transmission ratio depends on the phase angle between the spatial noncircular gear pairs and is independent of the input rotation angle. Firstly, the CVT principle and transmission ratio characteristics of each pattern were analyzed. Then the tooth profile classification design of spatial noncircular gear was carried out, and the general parametric design equations of the tooth surface with different tooth profiles were obtained. Finally, through simulation, the overall transmission ratio of each pattern was compared between theory and simulation, which verified the correctness of the CVT classification design method. The advantages and disadvantages of the two categories were analyzed. Moreover, through the transmission experiments of curve face gear pairs with different tooth profiles, the transmission ratios were compared between theory and experiment. Considering the influencing factors such as machining error, assembly error and measurement error, the experimental error is within a reasonable error range, which verified the correctness of the tooth profile classification design method. This study provides a new idea for the further research and application of spatial noncircular gear CVT.
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18

Bagas Imam Priambodo, Hilman Sholih, and Firmansyah Azharul. "PERHITUNGAN KOMPRESI TRANSMISI (CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION) PADA SEPEDA MOTOR MATIC 150 CC." JTTM : Jurnal Terapan Teknik Mesin 2, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37373/jttm.v2i1.82.

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CVT system (Continuously Variable Transmission) is a transmission system that uses a pulley and belt system, instead of using gears. The components of a continuously variable transmission are studied through this analysis, including how CVT functions. The object of this research was to decide the centrifugal force measurement. Usage of real data on motorized vehicles using CVT in this estimate. The object of this analysis was to decide the centrifugal force measurement. Usage of real motorized vehicle data using CVT in this estimation. The engine-generated details and the distance or displacement that takes place in the drive pulley. There is a top speed of 8500 RPM from the value received. 10.68984 Nm torque, kW 7.93275154, 60.6 Nm centrifugal force, displacement: 24.6 mm
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19

Xia, Jing Jing. "The Shift Speed Control of CVT on Different Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.104.

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It will cause the drop of the acceleration performance and driving comfort if the continuously variable transmission shift too quickly. So Aiming at the shifting problem of continuously variable transmission system, This thesis put forward the method to control shift speed of the continuously variable transmission based on driving intention. By the dynamics analysis of continuously variable transmission system, it does a research on the influence on the motor automobiles acceleration performance and driving comfort, when the ratio changes too fast. According to working practice, analyzing shift way of continuously variable transmission system. Through the above analysis and findings, the method to control shift speed based on driving intention will be designed to make acceleration and driving comfort unified. And by limiting the maximum CVT ratio change rate, the automobile acceleration performance can be further improved.
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20

Tadakuma, Kenjiro, Riichiro Tadakuma, Kazuki Terada, Aiguo Ming, and Makoto Shimojo. "Mechanism of Linear Load-Sensitive Continuously Variable Transmission with Spherical Driving Unit." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 25, no. 6 (December 20, 2013): 1079–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2013.p1079.

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This paper describes a linear load-sensitive continuously variable transmission (CVT) with a spherical driving unit. This CVT mechanismconsists of a spherical drive, drive axis, motor housing, fixed bracket, and a linear sliding plate. It continuously changes the reduction ratio by changing the inclination angle of the active rotational axis. Additionally, this linear mechanism ensures load-sensitive functioning by changing the inclination of the active rotational axis in response to the load. We have developed a linear load-sensitive CVT and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.
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21

Zhang, Lanchun, Zhongwei Zhu, Bin Huang, and Tianbo Wang. "An Evaluation Method of Mode Switching Quality for Double-Belt Continuously Variable Transmission." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (January 28, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6689082.

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In order to improve the transmission efficiency and carrying capacity of conventional single-belt continuously variable transmission (CVT), one new type of dual-belt CVT is proposed in this paper. Under the situation that this new dual-belt CVT should be switched between single- and dual-belt modes frequently according to driver’s intention and road conditions, so five objective evaluation indexes of mode switching quality for the dual-belt CVT are proposed, considering the aspects of vehicle power, comfort, and transmission durability comprehensively. Then, the objective evaluation model of mode switching quality is established by the BP neural network optimized by the genetic algorithm. It is found that the prediction results are consistent with the subjective evaluation. After analyzing the influence of the selected five evaluation indexes on the prediction results, it is obvious that these five evaluation indexes of mode switching quality for dual-belt CVT are reasonable.
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22

Jiang, Qiang, Hong Yi Liu, Jian Jun Hao, and Yue Cheng. "Ratio Control Strategy for an Electromechanical Continuously Variable Transmission Based on Engine Models." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 2861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.2861.

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Electromechanical control CVT (EM-CVT) is a new type of continuously variable transmission, and its ratio quality is an important parameter validated the performance of vehicle. In order to study the dynamical coupling technology between EM-CVT and engine under the running state of vehicle, the special character of two working models is obtained by engine experiment; according to the principle of the EM-CVT, the relation between vehicle speed and ration is theoretically analyzed. Based on the basic theory of PID control, the improved PID control algorithm is proposed for the speed ratio control of the EM-CVT, and experimental verification is made. The experimental results show that there is a significant effect on the system with this algorithm.
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23

Wong, Pak Kin, Zhengchao Xie, Yueqiao Chen, and Lap Mou Tam. "Development of a Novel Dual-Belt Van Doorne's Continuously Variable Transmission for Automobiles — A Preliminary Study." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 02 (February 2018): 1850016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418500165.

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The continuously variable transmission (CVT) is one of the prevailing automotive transmissions. Nowadays, the most popular design is Van Doorne's CVT with single metal pushing V-belt. However, it is only applicable to low-power passenger cars because of its low torque capacity. To overcome this limitation of traditional single-belt Van Doorne's CVT, this research proposes a novel parallel Van Doorne's dual-belt CVT system which can be applied to heavy-duty vehicles. As the first attempt, an analytical model for both torque capacity and power efficiency based on effective radii instead of traditional working radii for the single-belt CVT is developed for this novel CVT system, and this newly developed model is experimentally validated. Evaluation result reveals that the new analytical model based on effective radii is more accurate than that based on working radii. Experimental and simulation results show that the proposed dual-belt CVT system can greatly improve the torque capacity as compared with the single-belt CVT. Moreover, the newly proposed analytical model can provide a foundation for further study of multi-belt CVTs.
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24

Cavic, Maja, Marko Pencic, and Miodrag Zlokolica. "Adaptive continuously variable transmission used for maintaining stationary regime of driving machine." Thermal Science 20, suppl. 2 (2016): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151004035c.

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Continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) contained in many complex systems of modern techniques can be designed as purely mechanical systems that can, thanks to their structure, do self adjustments, meaning they can change their own characteristics in order to adapt to the external parameters variations. In this way adaptive CVT can be used for automatic regulation of a system. A general approach to the dynamical description of adaptive CVT behavior as a nonholonomic, completely mechanical system is developed. For the dynamical description of the mechanical nonholonomic system, Appell`s differential equations are used. By numerically solving differential equations of motion, answers about the working stability as well as the dynamical and kinematic behavior of the observed CVT system are obtained thus proving CVT?s functional applicability as a regulator for a changeable working regime. Presented approach can be used in choosing optimal parameters for the synthesis of this type of transmissions.
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25

Anugrah, Rinasa Agistya. "Troubleshooting Analysis of CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) System on Honda Beat Motorcycles." MOTIVECTION : Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering 4, no. 1 (October 27, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46574/motivection.v4i1.98.

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There are about 87% of motorcycles used by motorists on the streets are automatic type motorcycles which are dominated by Honda Beat. Seeing the interest of the world community about their interest in automatic motorcycles, it is necessary to conduct research to analyze the CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) system on this motorcycle. The method used in this research is the troubleshooting analysis method. Troubleshooting is a method for observing symptoms, diagnosing damage, conducting inspections and measurements, identifying damage based on the results of inspections and measurements, and determining corrective steps if repairs must be made. The results of this study are recommendations for troubleshooting steps on the Honda Beat CVT system. With this troubleshooting step, technicians have a reference to carry out maintenance and repair of Honda Beat automatic motorcycles, especially on the CVT system. Terdapat sekitar 87% sepeda motor yang digunakan pengendara dijalanan adalah sepeda motor tipe matic yang didominasi oleh Honda Beat. Melihat animo masyarakat dunia tentang minat mereka terhadap sepeda motor matic maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk menganalisis sistem CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) pada sepeda motor ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis troubleshooting. Troubleshooting adalah metode untuk mengamati gejala, mendiagnosis adanya kerusakan, melakukan pemeriksaan dan pengukuran, mengidentifikasi kerusakan berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan dan pengukuran, serta menentukan langkah perbaikan jika harus dilakukan perbaikan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah rekomendasi langkah troubleshooting pada sistem CVT Honda Beat. Dengan Langkah troubleshooting ini para teknisi memiliki acuan untuk melaksanakan perawatan dan perbaikan sepeda motor matic Honda Beat khususnya pada sistem CVT.
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26

Qiu, Xu Yun, Liang Xiu Zhang, Hui Jun Wang, and Yong Hui Liu. "Research on Power Matching of Automatic Variable Transmission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 1246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.1246.

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Automatic Variable Transmission (AVT) is composed of a metal belt CVT unit and a step speed changing transmission component. According to the needs of automotive conditions, AVT can realize continuously variable transmission and gear transmission, which not only play the advantage of gear transmission efficiency, but also overcome the deficiency of CVT when it is in high-speed. In the paper, the transmission matching rule is introduced, and engine model is established using engine test data. Based on SimulationX software, a vehicle that equips AVT is used for modeling and simulation. Finally the power matching is researched.
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27

Savaresi, S. M., F. Taroni, F. Prevedi, and S. Bittanti. "On the design and tuning of the controllers in a power-split continuously variable transmission for agricultural tractors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 745–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070360692131.

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In this work, a power-split continuously variable transmission (CVT) used in high-power tractors is considered. Power-split CVTs are characterized by the combination of a traditional discontinuous mechanical transmission and a continuously variable transmission. This provides, at the same time, smooth variations of the transmission ratio and high efficiency of the overall transmission system. The CVT considered in this paper is a hydrostatic power-split unit conceived for top-power agricultural tractors. The goal of this paper is to present a case study on the design and tuning of the control system structure for this type of CVT. This structure consists of three main parts: a servo controller on the internal current of the valve of the hydraulic transmission; a servo controller on the hydraulic transmission ratio; a synchronizer which coordinates the hydraulic and the mechanical parts of the CVT. The design, tuning and testing of this set of automatic controllers is presented.
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28

Yukawa, Toshihiro, Syoma Kumagai, Taiyo Fujisawa, Yoshiaki Oshida, Youichi Takeda, and Kazuyuki Hanahara. "Analysis of a Continuously Variable Transmission in which Four-Bar Linkages Are Arranged in Parallel." Mechanical Engineering Research 9, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mer.v9n2p20.

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This paper describes a development of a new structural type of continuously variable transmission (CVT). We here propose a CVT with linkages and irreversible mechanisms which does not positively depend upon frictional conduction force between conduction components. In the proposed CVT, four lever-crank units are connected in parallel mechanically with the cranks at an input shaft, and the output shaft is also connected mechanically via an irreversible mechanism installed at the fulcrum of the lever. In the experiment, we confirm that the continuous control of gear ratios in real time by realizing high-precision control for expansion and contraction of the links using electric linear actuators. As a merit of the developed linkage type of CVT, it reduces power consumption, compared to other conventional CVTs.
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29

Sameh, Bdran, Shu Yuan Ma, and Saifullah Samo. "Slip Enhancement in Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) by Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic and LQR Controller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.440.

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Enhancement of fuel consumption and transmission efficiency needs a continuous improved variator performance in continuously variable transmission (CVT). This paper focuses on the improvement of a slip controller for a hydraulically actuated metal push-belt continuously variable transmission (CVT), using model for variator dynamic in the CVT. The slip control purpose is to improve the performance of variator and to increase the efficiency of CVT by determination the line pressure which generates the clamping force. The selection of slip reference-point is taken at the transition region between the micro and macro slip region to guarantee the maximum variator efficiency. The adaptive fuzzy logic control (FLC) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controllers are applied to control the clamping force. The proposed control systems are designed to ensure the existence of a slip values within the region, which has the traction coefficient maximum value, while the load disturbances caused by suddenly changed torques in the drive lines. These approaches have potential for the CVT efficiency improvement, as compared to PID controller. The adaptive fuzzy logic control technique uses a simple group of membership functions and rules to achieve the desired control requirements of slip in CVT. Simulation results show that satisfactory slip improvement is achieved together with good robustness against suddenly changed torques. It is further revealed that all adaptive fuzzy logic control and LQR controller have a valuable effect on minimizing the slip amount and maximize the variator efficiency
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30

Coimbra, Marcos R. C., Társis P. Barbosa, and César M. A. Vasques. "A 3D-Printed Continuously Variable Transmission for an Electric Vehicle Prototype." Machines 10, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10020084.

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This paper aims to present the design of a new 3D-printed continuously variable transmission (CVT) developed for an electric vehicle prototype competing in Shell Eco-marathon electric battery category, a world-wide energy efficiency competition sponsored by Shell. The proposed system is composed of a polymeric conic geared friction wheel assembled in the motor axle and directly coupled to the rear tire of the vehicle. The conical shape allows to implement a continuous variation of the geared friction wheel diameter in contact with the tire. The motor with the geared friction wheel was mounted over a board with linear bearings, allowing the speed ratio to change by moving the board laterally. A computational simulation model of a prototype electric vehicle with the proposed 3D-printed CVT was created in Matlab/Simulink environment to obtain the traction force in the geared friction wheel and also to analyze the vehicle performance. The simulation results demonstrated possibilities of increasing vehicle speed range output and available torque in the rear traction wheel. Also, it is shown with the simulated model that the designed CVT consumes 10.46% less energy than a fixed transmission ratio, demonstrating the CVT concept’s potential for battery consumption reduction. Lastly, a 3D-printing slicing software with an optimization algorithm plug-in was used to determine the best printing parameters for the conic geared friction wheel based on the tangential force, maximum displacement and safety factor. When compared to the original part with a 100% infill density, the optimized solution reduced the component mass by about 12% while maintaining safe mechanical resistance and stiffness.
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31

Liu, Yong Hui, Hui Jun Wang, Xu Yun Qiu, and Ying Ling Du. "The Study on the System Dynamics Characteristics of Automatic Variable Transmission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1041.

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In this paper, a new automatic variable transmission (AVT) is studied. This AVT is made up of two parts, which include the metal belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) and gear transmission. And the CVT mode is used in the low speed and the gear transmission is used in the high speed. The software ofsimulationXis used to build a simulation model for the AVT vehicle, and the system dynamics characteristics of AVT are studied via this model. Compared to the CVT vehicle in terms of the maximum speed, the accelerate time and fuel consumption, the AVT vehicle develops the advantage of CVT in the low load and improves the weakness of low power in the high load. The results of this paper show that the AVT vehicle has good dynamics performance at the whole work area, which can advance the transmission efficiency and improve the fuel economy of the vehicle.
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32

Xi, Ping Yuan, and Limin Chen. "Research on Energy Saving Scheme of CVT in Automobile." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 1017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.1017.

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The continuously variable transmission (CVT) offers the potential of allowing the engine operate near the optimal efficiency curve throughout a continuous range of velocity ratios. So the fuel economy of the automobile will be improved distinctly with the CVT having high mechanical efficiency. The double parameter shifting rule is used more frequently in the automatic transmission. The accurate model of CVT was developed and integrated with the control strategy in this paper. The CVT enables the engine to operate under the most economical conditions, which makes the fuel consumption be reduced and the efficiency be improved.
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33

AIKAWA, Hiroki, Nobuyuki OKUBO, Takeshi TOI, and Yasnhide HIRABAYASHI. "20603 Noise Reduction of Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) for Automobile." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2009.15 (2009): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2009.15.287.

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34

Ariyono, Sugeng, Bambang Supriyo, Indra Feriadi, Dedy Ramdhani Harahab, and Nurul Akmar Akmar Abu Husain. "THE ABILITY OF THE CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION TO CONTROL THE ENGINE AT MAXIMUM POWER: LITERATURE REVIEW." SINERGI 25, no. 3 (August 25, 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2021.3.011.

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Good ride performance is one of the most important key attributes of a passenger vehicle. One of the methods to achieve this is by using Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT). This is because a CVT can provide an almost infinite ratio within its limits smoothly and continuously. The flexibility of a CVT allows the driving shaft to maintain a constant angular velocity over a range of output velocities. New developments in gear reduction and manufacturing have led to ever more robust CVTs, allowing them to be applied in more diverse automotive applications. As CVT development continues, costs will be reduced further, and the performance will continue to improve, making further development and application of the CVT technology desirable. This cycle of improvement will offer CVT a solid foundation in the world's automotive infrastructure. This paper aims to provide some background and relevant information that is necessary for this study. Specifically, a brief description of CVT, advantages and their brief history is presented. This paper also evaluates the current state of CVT, investigate the technology frontline of drivetrain control and the development of CVT. The stepless transmission is able to maintain the engine running at its maximum power.
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35

Wang, Chang Zhou, Jin Chun Song, and Song Li. "Research on Fuzzy Control of the Hydraulic System for Continuously Variable Transmission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 2114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.2114.

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Velocity ratio control is one of the key techniques of vehicle metal V-belt type CVT. In this paper, the working principle and hydraulic control system principle of the metal V-belt type CVT were introduced; the mathematic model and fuzzy self-adaptation PID control model of the velocity ratio electrohydraulic proportional control system were established and simulated. It was found that, fuzzy self-adaptation PID control system makes actual velocity ratio change as it was expected with good steady-state characteristics and dynamic response characteristics.
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36

Machida, Hisashi. "Practical Applications for Toroidal CVTs(Continuously Variable Transmission)." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 103, no. 985 (2000): 805–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.103.985_805.

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37

Lee, H., and H. Kim. "Improvement of fuel economy by shift speed control for a metal belt continuously variable transmission." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070260340835.

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In this paper, an algorithm to improve the fuel economy of a metal belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) vehicle by CVT shift speed control is suggested. By rearranging the CVT shift dynamic equation, it is found that the CVT shift speed depends on the line pressure as well as on the primary pressure. CVT shift speed maps are constructed to evaluate the influence of the line pressure on the shift speed. To obtain a target shift speed, an algorithm to calculate the line pressure is presented. In order to estimate the shift speed and the hydraulic loss, dynamic models of the line pressure control valve and the ratio control valve are obtained by considering the CVT shift dynamics and validated by experiments. It is found from the simulation results that fuel economy can be improved by 2 per cent in spite of the increased hydraulic loss due to the increased line pressure.
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38

Kuo, Kei Lin. "Study on Optimal Load for Hydraulic Control System of Continuously Variable Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.665.

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In recent years, the main research focus for vehicle transmission systems has been the development of the Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT). CVTs can provide passengers with greater comfort, reduce energy consumption, and offer better transmission efficiency. CVT systems achieve the desired gear ratio by adjusting the hydraulic pressure on the rear and front pulleys using a solenoid valve. Our study aims to increase the efficiency of an existing CVT system, without reducing its performance. In this study have modified the CVT so that we can independently control the external and internal axes electronically. The speed of the hydraulic pump in the gearbox is not affected by the engine speed. In this way, In this study can achieve the lowest possible hydraulic pressure. In our study, In this study use the visual programming language LabVIEW as the human-machine interface for the monitoring program. In addition, a data acquisition system is used to collect experimental parameters, record data in real time, and perform data consolidation. Our system uses varying loads in order to evaluate the improvement in transmission efficiency over many operating conditions. Through the use of solenoids valves acting together, the pipeline hydraulic pressure can be varied. The widths of the front and rear pulleys are thus changed to achieve the goal of continuous variation. Under different loads, the relationships between the measured efficiency and the hydraulic pressure on the rear and front pulleys are used to verify and confirm the increase in efficiency achieved by controlling the hydraulic pressure.
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39

Zhang, Lei, Yan Chun Zhai, Hai Xin Zhao, and Guan Jin Chen. "Research on Control Strategy and Experiment of Electronic Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission." Applied Mechanics and Materials 88-89 (August 2011): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.88-89.191.

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Nowadays, most of continuously variable transmissions (CVT) adopt hydraulic system to exert pressure on the cone-plate, in order to realize variable speed control. Electronic Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission (EMCVT) studied in this paper, however, used rolling screw mechanism instead of the energy-hungry hydraulic system. Mechanical speed governor controlled by electro was adopted in EMCVT to regulate speed, which not only reduced the automobile’s fuel consumption, but also brought down the transmission’s manufacturing cost and failure rate obviously. Further study on the ratio control strategy of EMCVT was made and digital PID control algorithm with target ratio tracing was raised. Moreover, an improved PID control algorithm, that was integral separation and differential precession algorithm, was given. Platform experiment of EMCVT was finished, thus, the functionality and rationality of this transmission’s mechanical structure was proved, so was the feasibility and rationality of the speed ratio control strategy.
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40

Micklem, J. D., D. K. Longmore, and C. R. Burrows. "The Magnitude of The Losses in the Steel Pushing V-Belt Continuously Variable Transmission." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 210, no. 1 (January 1996): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_244_02.

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This paper investigates the reasons why in current passenger vehicles the steel pushing V-belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) has failed to achieve an improvement in fuel economy even though the CVT is correctly controlled and allows the engine to operate near to its region of maximum efficiency. It is shown that the overall efficiency of the transmission is low, especially at the lower vehicle speeds. The main losses are due to the belt torque loss, the hydraulic pump loss and the loss due to slip in the belt-pulley system. It is shown that a considerable improvement in vehicle economy is obtainable by controlling the transmission so that the sum of these losses is minimized as well as seeking to optimize the engine efficiency. This improved overall efficiency is achieved by operating the CVT with much lower pulley clamping pressures than have previously been considered desirable.
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41

Micklem, J. D., D. K. Longmore, and C. R. Burrows. "Belt Torque Loss in a Steel V-Belt Continuously Variable Transmission." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 208, no. 2 (April 1994): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_167_02.

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To achieve the potential advantages to be gained by the use of a high ratio range, continuously variable transmission (CVT) in an automobile it is important that the system has a high efficiency and that any inherent loss mechanisms are fully understood. This paper investigates the belt-related torque loss in a steel V-belt CVT. Measurements show that the loss is dependent on the secondary pulley clamping force and on the belt configuration and these results are presented in the paper. A semi-empirical model is proposed to explain the loss. The agreement between the measured results and the values calculated from the model is shown to be good. It is also shown that when the system is in an overdrive ratio and a high efficiency is particularly important the torque loss is large and the efficiency is severely limited, probably to less than 90 per cent.
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42

Cretu, O. S., and R. P. Glovnea. "Constant Power Continuously Variable Transmission (CP-CVT): Operating Principle and Analysis." Journal of Mechanical Design 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1828457.

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The paper is the first of a series of papers that present an original constant power continuously variable transmission (CP-CVT) traction drive. This paper presents the basic functional principle and demonstrates the device’s characteristics of constant power. The device belongs to the well-known toroidal traction drive family. It comprises of two input discs, one conical and the other toroidal, a conical output disc, and a number of spherical balls. The rotation axis of each ball is self-adjusted according to its geometrical position relative to the input and output discs. A variation of the output torque makes the balls change their position relative to the discs and thus causes a change of the transmission ratio. The kinematics and dynamics of the balls are first performed and then the formulas that relate the power transmitted to the kinematics and geometric parameters are deducted. Finally it is concluded that the CP-CVT presented offers good functional steady power characteristics that could fit the automobile industry requirements.
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43

Ferrando, F., F. Martin, and C. Riba. "Axial Force Test and Modelling of the V-Belt Continuously Variable Transmission for Mopeds." Journal of Mechanical Design 118, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826879.

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This article discusses the experiments and modelling carried out on a V-belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) of the type that is used in mopeds. Our aim was to characterize the forces which determine how the system functions. A test bench was designed for them to be determined experimentally and a series of tests which cover the variable conditions of speed, torque, transmission ratio and tension of a CVT are carried out. Estimates of the principal existing models are compared and an empirical model for assessing these forces is discussed.
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44

Nikas, George K. "Fatigue Life and Traction Modeling of Continuously Variable Transmissions." Journal of Tribology 124, no. 4 (September 24, 2002): 689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1491976.

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A model was developed to study the elastohydrodynamics and contact mechanics of toroidal Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) type contacts. The aim is to predict the fatigue life, traction and efficiency of such contacts with the intention of making optimizations based on design criteria and constraints. A generalized Reynolds equation was developed for isothermal, transient lubrication of elliptical rough contacts with mixed rolling, two-dimensional sliding, and spinning conditions, incorporating any non-Newtonian model, roughness asperity isothermal elastoplastic interactions, and a three-dimensional subsurface stress analysis. The output is in the form of film thickness and traction maps, including contact efficiency, three-dimensional stress fields, and, finally, the predicted fatigue lives of CVT contacts, based on the Ioannides-Harris life model. A parametric study reveals the effect of surface roughness, lubricant bulk temperature, contact ellipticity ratio, slide-roll ratio, and contact load on the fatigue life, traction and contact efficiency of CVTs, and allows for design optimizations based on a compromise between life, traction and efficiency.
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45

Hong, C. W., and C. C. Chen. "Dynamic performance simulation of a continuously variable transmission motorcycle for fuzzy autopilot design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407971526597.

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This paper describes the modelling technique of a continuously variable transmission (CVT) motorcycle for control strategy design of an autopilot on a driving cycle test bench. The simulation is carried out on a code which is the combination of an engine cycle simulation synthesis, a dynamic CVT driveline algorithm, a chassis dynamometer model and a fuzzy autopilot controller. The autopilot, which is a robot driver, includes a throttle actuator and a brake handle controller. Fundamental fuzzy theories were employed to simulate the control strategy of an experienced driver, also to form a feedback control loop for the simulation. The whole simulation package is capable of predicting the motorcycle performance under dynamic road conditions, such as ECE R40 and USA FTP75 driving patterns. Simulation results of a baseline motorcycle, equipped with a 125 cm3 four-stroke engine plus a rubber belt CVT system, are demonstrated in this paper. Parametric studies are used to design the control strategy of the autopilot as well as to improve the design of the powertrain system of the motorcycle.
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46

Jiang, Qiang, Hong Yi Liu, Nai Shi Cheng, and Jian Jun Hao. "Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Electro-Mechanical Control Type CVT." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 1179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.1179.

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Based on development project of electro-mechanical control type continuously variable transmission, this paper has done the following works: First of all, the structure and working principle of EM-CVT is studied; then, mathematical model was established; finally, via numerical simulation, Performance Parameters of transmission system, such as mechanical characteristics, dynamic performance of execution system are mastered in the transmission process of EM-CVT. Analysis of the study will contribute to the development of high-quality and highly efficient controller for EM-CVT.
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47

Cholis, Nur, Sugeng Ariyono, and Gigih Priyandoko. "Design of Single Acting Pulley Actuator (SAPA) Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)." Energy Procedia 68 (April 2015): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.270.

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48

Kazemi, Reza, Mohsen Raf’at, and Amir Reza noruzi. "Nonlinear Optimal Control of Continuously Variable Transmission Powertrain." ISRN Automotive Engineering 2014 (January 1, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/479590.

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Optimization of gear ratio with the objectives of fuel consumption reduction and vehicle longitudinal performance improvement has been the subject of many studies for years. Finding a strategy for changing gears with specific control objectives, especially in the design of vehicles equipped with Continuously Variable Transition system (CVT), which has advantage of arbitrary selection of gear ratio, has been the aim of some recent researches. Optimal control theory has rarely been used in the previous control approaches applied to such systems due to the limitations in the use of fast computational systems. The aim of this study is to design the aforementioned gear ratio change strategy and related control rules on the basis of optimal control. A driver model is also designed for the simulation of driving cycle using MATLAB Simulink Toolbar. Results of implementing optimal control rules in vehicle longitudinal movement simulation with the aim of fuel consumption reduction are finally represented. The presented method has the remarkable advantage of considerable fuel consumption reduction in comparison to other proposed approaches for gear ratio change strategies.
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49

Xie, Zhengchao, Pak Kin Wong, Yueqiao Chen, and Ka In Wong. "Intelligent Multiobjective Slip and Speed Ratio Control of a Novel Dual-Belt Continuously Variable Transmission for Automobiles." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/987137.

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Van Doorne’s continuously variable transmission (CVT) is the most popular CVT design for automotive transmission, but it is only applicable to low-power passenger cars because of its low torque capacity. To overcome this limitation of traditional single-belt CVT, a novel dual-belt Van Doorne’s CVT (DBVCVT) system, which is applicable to heavy-duty vehicles, has been previously proposed by the authors. This paper, based on the published analytical model and test rig of DBVCVT, further proposes an intelligent multiobjective fuzzy controller for slip and speed ratio control of DBVCVT. The controller aims to safely control the clamping forces of both the primary and the secondary pulleys in order to improve the transmission efficiency, achieve the accurate speed ratio, and avoid the belt slip under different engine loads and vehicle speeds. The slip, speed ratio, and transmission efficiency dynamics of DBVCVT are firstly analyzed and modeled in this paper. With the aid of a flexible objective function, the analytical model, and fuzzy logic, a Pareto rule base for fuzzy controller is developed for multiobjective DBVCVT control. Experimental results show that the proposed controller for slip and speed ratio regulation of DBVCVT is effective and performs well under different user-defined weights.
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50

Cheng, Yue. "Design of Control System for Automotive CVT Based on ATmega164P MCU." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 1897–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.1897.

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Control system and some functional circuits of automotive CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) based on ATmega164P single chip computer were introduced in this paper. Hydraulic system of the CVT was controlled according to the throttle position signal, oil pressure, rotating speed of the engine and transmission output speed etc. This system has achieved the clamping force control of the metal belt.
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