Academic literature on the topic 'Contraceptifs injectables'
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Journal articles on the topic "Contraceptifs injectables"
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Eka Nuriyanah, Titin, and Windi Suryaning Rejeki. "GAMBARAN LAMA PENGGUNAAN KB SUNTIK PROGESTIN DENGAN KEJADIAN AMENORRHEA SEKUNDER DI DUSUN KARANGLO DESA DRIYOREJO GRESIK." Midwiferia 1, no. 1 (October 11, 2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/mid.v1i1.344.
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Injectable contraceptive is a contraceptive method with many side effects, hormonal injectables have away of working systemically in the body, causing systemic side effects on the body as well. Based on the results of the BKKBN and PLKB(Field Extension Family Planning) Driyorejo’s village injectables users is quite high compared to other contraceptives. The purpose of this studyw as to determine the old picture with the use of progestin injectables incidence of secondary amenorrhea.The design of this research is descriptive method. The study population was all acceptors progestin’s injection in the hamlet of Karanglo Driyorejo’s village-Gresik of 18 acceptors.The entire population can be the subject of research. Data were collected byi nterview using the interview guidelines.The results of this study indicate that the majority of acceptors progestin injectables using progestin injectables for > 1 year by 80 %. The majority of acceptors progestin injectables contraception experiencing secondary amenorrhea by 75 %. Most of the acceptors were using progestin injectables ≤ 1 year of amenorrhea is not having by 100 %Conclusion research that most acceptors progestin injectables > 1 year experience secondary amenorrhea. It is recommended that the ministry, in particular midwives improve counseling and information to each acceptor progestin injectables especially about the possible side effects so there is no misunderstanding between service providers and service recipients.
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Rahmatiqa, Chamy, Siswanto Agus Wilopo, and Shinta Purwasari. "Failure contraception in Indonesia: IDHS 2012 data analysis." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 6 (May 27, 2019): 2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192287.
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Background: Contraception prevalence rate (CPR) increased from the year 1991 is 50% to 62% in 2012 but Totak fertility rate (TFR) was little changed at data IDHS 2002-2003, 2007, and 2012 that is 2.6. Of IDHS 2007, the failure of contraception reflects the result in the unwanted pregnancies that can result in high maternal mortality and morbidity of the baby in the year 2012. The research aims to assess the failure of the contraceptive couples of childbearing age in Indonesia.Methods: Research was the observational study design with a cohort-retrospective. Researchers analyzed longitudinal data using calendar data IDHS 2012. The sample was 10.250 women of childbearing age ever married aged 15-49 years and the use of contraceptives. The analysis of contraceptive failure based on the predictor performed with the cox proportional hazard model by using curves Kaplan-Meier.Results: The most effective contraceptives found that the Implant (0.56) and the IUD (0.75) this was a modern contraceptive. The failure rate of the most high was neither disconnected (8.93) and periodic abstinence (7.32) this is the traditional contraception. The injectable and the pill was the choice of the majority of the respondents. The failure rate of the most high according to modern methods of contraception was injectables (35.67%), while the traditional method is neither disconnected (15.34%).Conclusions: The traditional method was the potential of failure compared to modern methods of contraception that may increase the unwanted pregnancy.
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Ambarwati, Nining, Ni Ketut Alit Armini, and Ilya Krisnana. "RELATIONSHIP HUSBAND’S SUPPORT WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES ACCEPTOR." Jurnal Keperawatan 10, no. 1 (March 24, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jk.v10i1.6240.
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Hormonal contraception type injectable contraceptives increasingly popular in Indonesia because of its practical, cost-effective, and safe. Side effects of use injectable contraceptives is changes in nutritional status. Nutritional status is a measure in the assessment of nutritional fulfillment that reflects a person's health status. Changes in nutritional status are multifactorial like husband’s support. This study aims to explain the relationship between husband’s support with nutritional status on injectable contraceptives acceptor. This study used cross sectional design. The sample in this research is women of childbearing age who use injectable contraceptive of Puskesmas Gading Surabaya region obtained by purposive sampling technique. Independent variable is husband’s support. The dependent variable is the nutritional status of injectable contraceptives acceptor. The instruments in this study were questionnaires and BMI measurements. To find out the relationship, this study uses Spearman correlation test. Husband’s support with nutritional status on injectable contraceptives acceptor, obtained result p = 0,00 (r) = -0,546. The husband’s support with nutritional status on injectable contraceptives acceptor has a moderate correlation with negative correlation coefficient, it means that less respondents get support from their husbands, nutritional status will increase until they get overweight or obese. It is necessary to increase the involvement of husbands in deciding the use of contraception, so women of childbearing age of injecting contraceptives acceptor receives adequate husband’s support.
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Olaleye, A., E. Orji, A. Akintayo, A. Olaleye, and J. Imaralu. "Perception and uptake of contraception among health workers in Ile-Ife, South-western Nigeria." Babcock University Medical Journal (BUMJ) 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.38029/bumj.v1i1.22.
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Objective: This study was carried out to assess the perception of health workers towards contraceptive methods, determine the proportion of health workers using modern contraceptive methods and identify factors influencing their contraceptive practice.
Methods: A cross sectional descriptive survey of 300 practicing nurses in the health facilities within Ile-Ife, Nigeria was done using pre-tested, self-administered semi-structured questionnaires.
Results: Most of the respondents were less than 30years, married, multiparous and had practised for more than 2years. Prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 75.2%. Knowledge of contraceptives was poorest for injectables and oral contraceptive pills (32% each). Twenty six percent of respondents believed that contraception should be limited to women who had completed their families, while 32.4% were either uncertain or disagreed with the safety of contraceptives. The commonest method used was the condom, though contraceptive choice varied with cadre of staff. Desire for another pregnancy was the main reason for discontinuing contraception (51.2%). Older age, religion and marriage positively influenced contraceptive use.
Conclusion: Knowledge and perception of contraception among nurses in Ile-Ife is relatively poor. Ensuring accurate information on contraception among this target group of health workers is an important step towards achieving success in the national family planning programme.
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Shrestha, Ashis, and P. Sharma. "Post Abortion Choice and Acceptance of Contraception." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 8, no. 1 (October 9, 2013): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v8i1.8854.
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Aims: This study was conducted to find out choice and acceptance of contraceptives in clients coming for first trimester abortion. Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out from the records of clients who received comprehensive abortion care service in first trimester at Kasthamandap health care centre from June 2008 to June 2010. Results: Total 707 clients came for abortion who fulfilled inclusion criteria. Contraceptive acceptance was 49.5%. Most frequently used contraceptives were injectable (depot medroxyprogesterone) 22.8%, oral contraceptive pills 19.6%, condom 6.1%, intra-uterine contraceptive device 0.8% and norplant 0.3%. Conclusions: This study showed a low acceptance rate of contraception. This suggests the need for reviewing the policy of post abortion contraception. The study also highlighted that depot provera was the most accepted contraception. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 8 / No. 1 / Issue 15 / Jan- June, 2013 / 14-17 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v8i1.8854
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Singh, K., O. A. C. Viegas, and S. S. Ratnam. "Attitudes towards contraceptive implants and injectables among present and former users in Singapore." Journal of Biosocial Science 22, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018320.
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SummaryIn a comparison of present and past users of contraceptive implants (Norplant) or injectables (DMPA) and discontinuers of Norplant or DMPA, information concerning the women's knowledge and perception of, and attitude to, implants and injectable contraceptives, was studied. The long duration of action (5 years) of implants was perceived positively by all groups as compared to the shorter 3-month duration of injectables, though this was seen as an advantage over the pill. It appears that the Norplant system has potential for wider use in Singapore in the future.
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Hartini, Lia, and Omi Harera Prabusari. "Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu dan Usia terhadap Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Suntik." Jurnal Kesmas Asclepius 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/jka.v1i1.623.
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This study aims to determine the factors associated with the use of injection contraceptives in mothers visiting the Swasti Saba Public Health Center in Lubuklinggau City in 2019. This research method uses descriptive analytic with a cross sectional approach. These results obtained respondents with good knowledge (43.3%), lack of knowledge (56.8%), young age (64.9%), old age (35.1%), use of injectable contraceptives (51.4%) and the use of non-injectable contraceptives (48.6%). Chi square statistical test results obtained value ρ> α (0.05) for knowledge of p = 0.129 and age with a value of p = 0.418. In conclusion, there is no significant relationship between knowledge and age with injection contraceptive use.
Keywords: Injection Contraception, Knowledge, Age
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Uprety, S., I. S. Poudel, A. Ghimire, M. Poudel, S. Bhattrai, and D. D. Baral. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among married women of reproductive age in a VDC of eastern Nepal." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 1 (February 16, 2017): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v6i1.16655.
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Contraceptive use and fertility rates vary substantially among developing countries. An important factor, which affects the fertility of any population, is Contraceptive. Contraceptive use varies by age. Nepal over the past 15 years show an impressive increase in the use of modern contraceptive methods from 26 percent in 1996 to 43 percent in 2011. Objectives of the is to assess the knowledge, attitude regarding family planning and the practice of contraceptives among the married women of Dhabi VDC of Eastern Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was done in Dhabi VDC. Total of 300 married women age 15-49 sample were taken from family planning center situated in Dhabi. Knowledge, attitude and practice on contraceptives were evaluated with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done by using SPSS 11.5 software to obtain frequencies and percentages. Out of 300 interviewed women, the mean age was 27.94 years, 98% had heard about Family planning method. Radio was the main Source of family planning information. Regarding the usage of contraceptive methods, about 79.3% had ever used and 63.3 had current using some sort of contraception, among the method used Injectables were the commonly used methods About 71% of married women other child in the further. Despite the knowledge of all family planning methods majority of the women used Injectables. Easily accessible and easily to use were the main reasons for choosing Injectables methods.
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Ogedengbe, O. K., O. F. Giwa-Osagie, R. Ola, and M. O. Fasan. "Contraceptive choice in an urban clinic in nigeria." Journal of Biosocial Science 19, no. 1 (January 1987): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000016643.
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SummaryContraceptive choice in the first 1075 acceptors at an urban clinic in Lagos has been studied. An IUD was the most popular choice followed by the injectable contraceptive and the pill. Interval tubal ligation was chosen by some patients. Acceptors of injectables were older women of high parity and lower educational standard while pill acceptors were of lower parity and higher educational level. The IUD was acceptable to all ages and parities except those with only one child or none.Loss to follow-up and the wish to plan another pregnancy were the commonest reasons for discontinuing contraception. Medical reasons for discontinuing the IUD were pain, menstrual disorder, accidental pregnancy and expulsion/perforation, and for discontinuing injectables the reasons were menstrual disorder, accidental pregnancy and raised blood pressure.
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Wahyuhadi, Joni, Dini Heryani, and Hari Basuki Basuki. "Risk of meningioma associated with exposure of hormonal contraception. A case control study." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 26, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v1i12018.36-41.
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Objective: To identify the effect of hormonal contraceptive exposure to the occurrence of meningioma.Materials and Methods: This study, conducted in 2016, was a case-control study by collecting a group of cases comprising all patients diagnosed histopathologically with meningioma in 2012-2013 and treated in dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Medical record data were analyzed and compared to control group of patients diagnosed with non-meningioma who underwent contrast head ct scan and direct interviews. We obtained 101 cases and 101 controls. Data were analyzed using univariate logistic regression test.Results: Based on the history of hormonal contraceptive use, patients who had history of hormonal contraceptive use had 12.31 times higher risk (p=0.000). In this study, those who had contraceptive injections for one month and used contraceptive pills had a meningioma risk lower than those who used injectables 3 months. Patients who used hormonal contraception more than 10 years had an increased risk for meningioma as much as 18.216 times (p=0.000). Histopathologically, we found a non-significant association between history of hormonal contraceptive use and the distribution of histopathology, but based on descriptive data showed it was found that the most histopatological meningioma was of the transitional type in cases group.Conclusion: There is a significant association between hormonal contraceptive use, the type of injectable hormonal contraception for 3 months, the duration of hormonal contraceptive use >10 years, and no significant association between meningioma grade and the history of hormonal contraception exposure.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contraceptifs injectables"
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Juliato, Cássia Raquel Teatin 1975. "Densidade mineral ossea em usuarias de contraceptivos injetaveis combinados." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310517.
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Orientador: Luis Guillermo BahamondesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T16:42:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliato_CassiaRaquelTeatin_D.pdf: 2310620 bytes, checksum: fd8518fdd702439cfec0703cbfc61af7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) em usuárias de dois tipos de contraceptivos injetáveis combinados (CIC) mensais e comparar com controles. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal com 97 mulheres de 20 a 45 anos, usuárias de CIC com 25mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona e 5mg de cipionato de estradiol (AMP/CypE2, Cyclofemina) por 12 a 82 meses (n=64) ou 50mg de enantato de norestisterona e 5mg de valerato de estradiol (NET-EN/ValE2, Mesigyna) por 12 a 60 meses (n=33), pareadas por idade (± 1ano) e índice de massa corpórea (IMC, kg/m2) (± 1) com usuárias de DIU TCu 380A como grupo de controle. A DMO foi avaliada nas regiões distal e ultradistal do rádio, no braço não dominante, utilizando a técnica de absorciometria óssea, com feixe duplo de raios-X (DXA). RESULTADOS: A DMO no midshaft da ulna foi de 0,457 ± 0,007 nas usuárias de Cyclofemina® e 0,465 ± 0,007 nos controles. Nas usuárias de Mesigyna® a DMO foi 0,463 ± 0,008 e 0,458 ± 0,009 nos controles. No rádio distal, a DMO foi 0,399 ± 0,011 e 0,401 ± 0,010 nas usuárias de Cyclofemina® e controles, e 0,400 ± 0,009 e 0,388 ± 0,10 nas usuárias de Mesigyna® e controles, respectivamente. Não houve diferença na DMO entre as usuárias de CIC e o grupo de controle. Não houve diferença entre as usuárias dos dois tipos de CIC e também não houve diferença entre as usuárias de CIC com relação ao tempo de uso menor ou igual e a partir de três anos. CONCLUSÕES: Mulheres com idade entre 20 e 45 anos, usuárias de CIC com AMP/CypE2 ou NET-EN/ValE2, apresentaram DMO similar entre os dois tipos de CIC e controles (usuárias do DIU TCu 380A), quando pareadas por idade e IMC
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) between users of two kinds of once-a-month combined injectable contraceptives (CIC) and controls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This crosssectional study included 97 women of 20 to 45 years of age, using CIC containing either 25 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate and 5 mg of estradiol cypionate (MPA/E2Cyp, Cyclofemina) (for 12 to 82 months) or 50 mg of norethindrone enanthate and 5mg of estradiol valerate (NET-EN/E2Val, Mesigyna) (for 12 to 60 months) matched by age (± 1 year) and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) (± 1) with users of the TCu 380A intrauterine device as controls. BMD was evaluated at the midshaft of the ulna and at the distal section of the radius of the nondominant forearm using double X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The BMD at the midshaft of the ulna was 0.457 ± 0.007 and 0.465 ± 0.007 in the MPA/oE2Cyp group and controls, respectively, and 0.463 ± 0.008 and 0.458 ± 0.009 in the NET-EN/oE2Val group and controls, respectively. At the distal radius, the BMD was 0.399 ± 0.011 and 0.401 ± 0.010 in users of MPA/oE2Cyp and controls, respectively and 0.400 ± 0.009 and 0.388 ± 0.010 in users of NET-EN/oE2Val and controls, respectively. There were no differences in BMD between users of either CIC and non-users at either section of the forearm studied. There were also no differences in BMD between users of the two CIC at either section of the forearm. CONCLUSIONS: Women aged 20 to 45 years old, currently using one of these two kinds of CIC, presented similar BMD to controls paired by age and BMI (kg/m2) and similar between both CIC
Doutorado
Tocoginecologia
Doutor em Tocoginecologia
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Mi, Mi Aung Khin Santhat Sermsri. "Unmet need of injectable contraception among rural Myanmar women /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd415/4938515.pdf.
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Ehlers, Lizaan. "Investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms of immune modulation by the contraceptive Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on immune responses to mycobacteria." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86741.
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Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background Individuals who are latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) are able to quell the infection by balancing the innate and adaptive immune responses. Glucocorticoids (GCs) can affect this balance and can increase the risk of reactivation of TB. The three month injectable contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is widely used by women in developing countries, where TB is rife. MPA, unlike the two monthly contraceptive norethisterone enanthate (NET), possesses selective glucocorticoid activity, and could therefore alter immune responses to TB. Aims The aim of my investigation was to elucidate the immune modulatory effects of the synthetic progestins, MPA and NET, compared to the endogenous hormones, cortisol and progesterone, in Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) or anti-CD3 stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). I aim to determine the effects of MPA, NET, cortisol and progesterone on the receptor expression of glucocorticoid and various progesterone receptors. I investigate the effect of the above mentioned hormones on the downstream signalling cascades in the presence or absence of either BCG or anti-CD3. The overall immune modulation will be determined with regard to the cytokine production in PBMCs. Methods The presence of receptors for these steroid hormones in PBMCs was verified and BCG, anti-CD3 and hormone induced changes in receptor expression determined through RT-PCR. The impact of cortisol, MPA, NET and progesterone on BCG or anti-CD3 mediated activation of downstream signalling molecules were determined by Western blot as well as Luminex analysis. Results and Conclusion My results show that BCG and anti-CD3 mediated activation of the T cell receptor associated signalling molecules, Lck, ZAP-70, LAT was inhibited by the steroid hormones. Similarly several kinases including JNK, ERK and p38 and transcription factors including STAT3, STAT5 and CREB were differentially affected by the hormones. The inhibition of phosphorylation seen in the different signalling molecules indicated an inhibition of activation of downstream signalling cascades. To investigate the impact of the hormone induced changes in the signalling cascades on the expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines Luminex analysis was performed on the supernatant of the BCG and anti-CD3 stimulated PBMC cultures. Cortisol and MPA, but not NET and progesterone, significantly inhibited the secretion of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-13. These results suggest that the immune suppressive effects of MPA are likely mediated through a combination of direct genomic GR action as well as through direct or indirect inhibition of several signalling molecules. The inhibition of the IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-1and IL-6 secretion by MPA could potentially increase the risk of susceptibility to TB in women using this contraceptive. Therefore the absence of glucocorticoid activity seen with NET could make this contraceptive a better choice for women in TB endemic areas.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond Individue wat latent met Mikobakterium tuberkulose (M.tb) geïnfekteer is, is in staat om die infeksie te onderdruk deur die ingebore en aanpasbare immuunrespons te balanseer. Glukokortikoïede (GCs) kan hierdie balans beïnvloed en kan die risiko van heraktivering van tuberkulose (TB) verhoog. Die drie maande inspuitbare voorbehoedmiddel medroksiprogestroon-asetaat (MPA) word algemeen gebruik deur vroue in ontwikkelende lande, waar TB volop is. MPA, in teenstelling met die twee maandelikse voorbehoedmiddel noretisteroon enantaat (NET), beskik selektiewe glukokortikoïed aktiwiteit, en kan dus die immuunrespons teenoor TB verander. Doelwitte Die doel van my studie was om die immuunregulerende effekte van die sintetiese progestiene, MPA en NET, toe te lig , in vergelyking met die endogene hormone, kortisol en progesteroon, in Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette - Guerin (BCG) of anti- CD3 gestimuleerde perifere bloed mononukleêre selle (PBMSe). Ek het beoog om die gevolge van MPA, NET, kortisol en progesteroon op die reseptor uitdrukking van glukokortikoïede en verskeie progesteroon reseptore te bepaal. Ek het ondersoek ingestel op die effek van die bogenoemde hormone op die sein transduksie in die teenwoordigheid of afwesigheid van óf BCG of anti-CD3. Die algehele immuun -modulasie sal bepaal word met betrekking tot die produksie van sitokiene in PBMSe . Metodes Die teenwoordigheid van reseptore vir die steroïedhormone in PBMSe is geverifieer en BCG en anti-CD3 en die veranderinge deurdie hormone in verband met die reseptor uitdrukking bepaal deur RT -PCR. Die impak van kortisol, MPA, NET en progesteroon op BCG of anti- CD3 aktivering van sein transduksie molekules is bepaal deur ‘Western blot’ asook Luminex analise. Resultate en gevolgtrekking My resultate toon dat BCG en anti-CD3 die aktivering van die T-sel reseptor wat verband hou met sein molekules , LCK , ZAP -70 , en LAT word geïnhibeer deur die steroïedhormone . Van die kinases insluitend JNK , ERK en p38 en transkripsie faktore, insluitend STAT3 , STAT5 en CREB is beïnvloed deur die hormone. Die inhibisie van fosforilering gesien in die verskillende sein molekules dui daarop aan dat 'n inhibisie van aktivering van sein transduksie. Die impak van die hormoon veroorsaak veranderinge in die sein transduksie met betrekking tot die uitdrukking van inflammatoriese en anti -inflammatoriese sitokiene Luminex analise is uitgevoer op die supernatant van die BCG en anti-CD3 gestimuleerde PBMS kulture. Kortisol en MPA, maar nie NET en progesteroon , het aansienlik die produksie van IL-1α , IL-1β , IL-6 , IL-10 , TNF-α , IL-12 en IL-13 geïnhibeer. Hierdie resultate dui daarop dat die immuunstelsel se onderdrukkende effekte van MPA is waarskynlik bemiddel deur 'n kombinasie van direkte genomiese GR interaksie sowel as deur direkte of indirekte inhibisie van verskeie sein molekules . Die inhibisie van die IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-1 en IL-6 sekresie deur MPA kan potensieel die risiko verhoog van vatbaarheid vir TB in vroue wat hierdie voorbehoedmiddel gebruik. Daarom oor die afwesigheid van glukokortikoïede aktiwiteit wat gesien is met NET, kan maak laat hierdie voorbehoedmiddel 'n beter keuse vir vroue in TB endemiese gebiede.
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Thiart, Leani. "Evaluation of micro RNA expression profiles during BCG infection in the presence and absence of endogenous and synthetic steroids and possible implications on the host immune response to the pathogen." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86756.
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Thesis (MScMedSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Individuals latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) contain the infection without showing signs of illness. Steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids (GCs) however can lead to reactivation of TB. Currently two different injectable contraceptives are available in South Africa, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and norethisterone enanthate (NET). MPA is able to bind to and activate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and possesses selective GC activity, a pharmacological characteristic absent in NET. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune modulatory effects of the two contraceptives MPA and NET on immune responses to mycobacteria in vitro and in vivo. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were infected with BCG (M. bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin) and treated with MPA, NET, progesterone or cortisol and cytokine expression was measured in order to determine whether the synthetic progestins mimic endogenous progesterone or the GC cortisol. MPA, but not NET suppressed the expression of IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-12p40 and IL-13 similarly to cortisol. Furthermore expression of miRNAs, small double stranded RNA molecules that bind to complementary sequences in mRNAs of target genes and cause their degradation, was determined under the different experimental conditions. The expression of several miRNAs including miR-30c, miR-222, miR-454 and miR-331-3p were differentially influenced by MPA, cortisol and/or NET in PBMCs stimulated with BCG. For example, BCG induced the expression of miR-454 (p=0.003) which was then inhibited to basal levels by cortisol (p=0.008), MPA (p=0.002) and NET (p=0.002). These results demonstrate that steroid hormones including the contraceptives MPA and NET can modulate immune responses to mycobacteria at the miRNA level. To determine the effect of MPA and NET on BCG-induced expression of miRNAs in vivo a mouse model was used. C57BL/6 mice were injected weekly with either MPA or NET using a dose equivalent to humans and then infected with BCG. Mice treated with MPA had a higher spleen bacterial load 21 days after infection compared to both NET treated and control mice (p=0.023). In whole blood, MPA and NET treatment suppressed the BCG-induced production of miR-100 and miR-509-3p to basal levels. In contrast to NET, MPA induced expression of miR-99a expression independent of BCG infection. In the lung, the site of disease, a total number of 22 out of 377 miRNAs tested were differentially expressed 21 days after infection. The results of this study indicate that both synthetic progestins altered the immune response to BCG at the level of cytokine expression as well as the miRNA level. MPA was found to mimic cortisol by inhibiting secretion of inflammatory cytokines whereas NET appeared to have more progestogenic properties. Each of the steroid hormones was observed to induce a characteristic miRNA expression profile, both in vitro as well as in vivo, although not identical. These results highlight that the two contraceptives – although used interchangeably by women in developing countries - are pharmacologically unique and differentially modulate immune responses to mycobacteria. These data support the urgent need for further research into the link between hormonal contraceptives and susceptibility to infectious diseases.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Individue wat latent met Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ) geïnfekteer is, onderdruk die infeksie en wys geen simptome van die siekte nie. Steroïed hormone soos glukokortikoïede (GKe) kan egter tot die heraktivering van TB lei. Daar is tans twee verskillende inspuitbare voorbehoedmiddels beskikbaar in Suid-Afrika, medroksiprogesteroon-asetaat (MPA) en noretisteroon enantaat (NET). MPA is staat om aan die glukokortikoïed reseptor (GR) te bind en dit te aktiveer. MPA beskik ook selektiewe GK aktiwiteit, 'n farmakologiese eienskap wat afwesig is in NET. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die immuun-regulerende effekte van die twee voorbehoedmiddels, MPA en NET, op immuunresponse teen mikobakterieë in vitro en in vivo te ondersoek. Menslike perifêre bloed mononukleêre selle (PBMSe) is met BCG geïnfekteer en met MPA, NET, progesteroon of kortisol behandel. Sitokien uitdrukking was gemeet om vas te stel of die sintetiese progestiene, endogene progesteroon of die GK kortisol naboots. MPA, maar nie NET, onderdruk die produksie van IFN-γ, IL- 1α, IL- 1β, IL- 2, IL- 12p40 en IL- 13 soortgelyk aan kortisol. Verder is uitdrukking van miRNAs, klein dubbelstring RNS molekules wat aan komplimentêre volgorde in mRNAs van teiken gene bind en wat hul degradering veroorsaak, bepaal in elk van die verskillende eksperimentele toestande. Die uitdrukking van verskeie miRNAs insluitende miR-30c, miR-222, miR-454 en miR-331-3p is differensieël beïnvloed deur MPA, kortisol en/of NET in PBMSe wat met BCG gestimuleer is. Byvoorbeeld, BCG veroorsaak die uitdrukking van miR-454 wat dan geïnhibeer word tot agtergrondvlakke deur kortisol, MPA en NET. Hierdie resultate toon dat steroïed hormone, insluitend die voorbehoedmiddels MPA en NET, die immuunrespons teen mikobakterieë op miRNA-vlak affekteer. Om die effek van MPA en NET op BCG-geïnduseerde uitdrukking van miRNAs in vivo te bepaal, is ʼn muismodel gebruik. C57BL/6 muise is weekliks met 'n dosis van MPA of NET, ekwivalent aan dosisse gebruik in die mens, ingespuit en met BCG geïnfekteer. Muise wat met MPA behandel is, het 'n hoër bakteriële lading in die milt 21 dae na infeksie in vergelyking met NET-behandelde muise en kontrole muise. In hul bloed, onderdruk MPA en NET behandeling die BCG-geïnduseerde produksie van miR-100 en miR-509-3p tot basale vlakke. In teenstelling met NET, induseer MPA die uitdrukking van miR-99a onafhanklik van BCG infeksie. In die long is 'n totaal van 23 miRNAs differensieël uitgedruk 21 dae na die infeksie. Die resultate van hierdie studie dui daarop dat beide sintetiese progestien die immuunrespons teen BCG verander op sitokien sowel as miRNA vlak. MPA boots hoofsaaklik kortisol na deur inhibering van sitokien-produksie terwyl NET meer progesterone eienskappe het. Op miRNA vlak veroorsaak elk van die steroïed hormone 'n kenmerkende miRNA uitdrukkingsprofiel, beide in vitro asook in vivo. Hierdie resultate beklemtoon dat die twee voorbehoedmiddels - alhoewel hulle afwisselend gebruik word deur vroue in ontwikkelende lande - farmakologies uniek is en differensieël die immuunrespons reguleer teen Mycobacterium. Hierdie data ondersteun die dringende behoefte aan verdere navorsing in verband met hormonale voorbehoedmiddels en vatbaarheid vir aansteeklike siektes.
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Singata-Madliki, Mandisa. "A randomised controlled trial studying the effects of the copper intrauterine device and the injectable progestogen contraceptive on depression and sexual functioning of women in the Eastern Cape." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18586.
Full textAbstract:
A lack of contraception use and contraceptive method discontinuation are common causes of unintended pregnancy in the Eastern Cape. The most common reason for method discontinuation among childbearing women is the unacceptable side effects of their contraceptive choices. Both depression and sexual dysfunction are given as side effects of contraceptive use; however, there is little evidence to support these effects. This randomised, single-blind controlled trial conducted in East London, South Africa, Investigated the effects of the initiation of a long-acting injectable contraceptive, Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMP A), compared with the initiation of a copper Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (Cu-IUD) after childbirth on depression and sexual functioning. After counselling, 242consenting pregnant women were randomised to receive DMP A or a Cu IUD within 48 hours of childbirth, in a ratio of 1:1. Primary outcome measures were depression and sexual dysfunction evaluated by validated instruments. Questionnaires were administered at baseline, and telephonically at one month and three months after randomisation. The telephonic interviewer was blinded to the participants' group allocation. English and Xhosa versions of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used to assess depression. The Arizona Sexual Functioning Scale was used to assess sexual functioning. For these primary outcomes, median scores between the intervention groups were compared, as well as the number of events (dichotomous data) in each intervention group. There relative effects of these interventions were summarised by calculating risk ratios, with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical tests used included the Shapiro-Wilk test, T-test, and Wilcoxon test. There were not consistently statistically significant differences in the risk of depression or sexual dysfunction between the intervention groups in this study. However, there was a trend towards more depression in the DMPA group which was statistically significant for mean EPDS score at the one month and for the BDI score three month assessments compared with the IUD group. There was also a trend to more sexual dysfunction with DMPA, but the only statistically significant difference was that fewer women in the DMPA group resumed sexual intercourse within the first month of treatment than in the IUD group. The author's recommendations from the study are that, firstly, family planning providers should inform women during contraceptive counselling that there is no certainty that DMPA causes depression and/or sexual dysfunction; however, it may do so in the postpartum period. Secondly, contraceptive users can continue to use DMPA with confidence as a convenient and effective method of preventing unintended pregnancy. Thirdly, the trend towards postpartum depression and sexual dysfunction in the DMPA group of this study justifies further research with a larger sample size, to include women from various social settings, and for a longer period of follow-up. Lastly, the Cu-IUD is a good alternative to DMPA in women who experience intolerable effects with the latter.
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Tijanic, Sophie. "Risque d’acquisition du virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) chez les femmes utilisant des hormones contraceptives orales et injectables." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11232.
Full textAbstract:
Objectif : Étudier l'association entre l’utilisation de contraceptifs hormonaux et le risque d'acquisition du VIH-1 chez les femmes au Malawi, en Afrique du Sud, en Zambie et au Zimbabwe.
Devis : Analyses secondaires de 2887 femmes âgées de 17-55 ans ayant participé à l’étude HPTN 035, une étude de phase II/IIb sur l’efficacité de deux gels microbicides pour prévenir la transmission du VIH chez les femmes à risque.
Méthodes : L'association entre l'utilisation de contraceptifs hormonaux et le risque d'acquisition du VIH-1 a été évaluée en utilisant des modèles de Cox. Des risques relatifs sont estimés où le groupe de référence est celui des femmes qui n’utilisent pas de contraceptifs hormonaux. De plus, un modèle multivarié de Cox est utilisé afin de contrôler pour les facteurs potentiellement confondants.
Résultats : Les contraceptifs injectables ont été utilisés par 52,1% des femmes, alors que les contraceptifs oraux ont été utilisés par 20,7% de celles-ci. Pendant l'étude, il y a eu 192 séroconversions. L'incidence observée du VIH était de 2,28; 4,19 et 4,69 pour 100 personne-années pour les contraceptifs oraux, injectables et non hormonaux, respectivement. Lors de l’analyse multivariée, nous n'avons trouvé aucune association significative entre l’usage des contraceptifs hormonaux et l’acquisition du VIH-1. Le risque relatif ajusté (RRa) pour les contraceptifs oraux est de 0,573 (IC de 95% : [0,31-1,06]) et 0,981 (IC de 95% : [0,69 ; 1,39]) pour les contraceptifs injectables.
Conclusions : Bien que cette étude ne démontre pas d’association entre l’usage des contraceptifs hormonaux et le VIH-1, nous concluons toutefois que ces méthodes de contraception ne protègent pas contre le VIH-1, et il est ainsi recommandé aux femmes utilisant des hormones contraceptives de toujours utiliser le condom pour prévenir l'infection au VIH-1.Objective: To investigate the association between the use of hormonal contraceptive and the risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection in women from Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Design: Secondary analyses of 2887 women aged 17-55 years who participated in the HPTN 035 trial, a Phase II/IIb trial on the efficacy of two microbicide gels to prevent HIV transmission in women at risk in Africa. Methods: The association between the use of hormonal contraceptive and the risk of acquiring HIV-1 was evaluated using Cox proportionnal models. Relative risks of exposed women were estimated using as a reference group the women who do not use hormonal contraceptives. In addition, a multivariate Cox model was used to control for potentially confounding factors. Results: Injectable contraceptives were used by 52.1 % of women, while oral contraceptives were used by 20.7% of them. During the study, there were 192 seroconversions. The observed HIV-1 incidence was 2.28, 4.19 and 4.69 per 100 woman-years for oral, injectable and non-hormonal contraceptive users, respectively. In multivariate analysis, we found no significant association between the use of hormonal contraceptives and HIV-1 acquisition. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) for oral contraceptives was 0.573 (95% CI: [0.31 to 1.06]) and 0.981 (95% CI: [0.69, 1.39]) for injectable contraceptives. Conclusions: Although this study did not demonstrate an association between hormonal contraceptive use and the risk of HIV-1 infection, we conclude, however, that these methods of contraception do not protect against HIV-1, and it is thus recommended that women using contraceptive hormones always use condoms to prevent HIV-1.
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Smit, Jennifer Ann Bodley. "The injectable contraceptive : user, social and pharmacological perspectives." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7921.
Full textAbstract:
Despite its widespread use, little research has been undertaken on the use of progestogen-only injectable contraceptives by South African women. This thesis is comprised of two sections. Section 1 provides the first comprehensive description of injectable contraceptive use among rural South African women. It includes an analysis of the contraceptive method mix, prevalence of injectable contraceptive use, discontinuation patterns and reported side effects. A comparison of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) versus norethisterone oenanthate (NET-EN) focuses on utilization patterns and costs. The second section gives an account of the pharmacokinetics of DMPA including the first ever population analysis. A cross-sectional, community-based household survey was undertaken in the Hlabisa sub-district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Interviews were held during 1998 and 1999, with 848 randomly selected women (aged 15-49 years) and with 14 focus groups. There was a heavy reliance on injectable contraceptives which were used by 74% of women practising contraception. By contrast, the condom was the current method of only 4%. The injectable method was the most commonly used method among teenagers. However, in most cases, contraceptive use appeared to commence only after the first pregnancy. Slightly more NET-EN (54%) than DMPA (46%) was used, with younger women more likely to use NET-EN than DMPA (p=0.001). No significant differences in self-reported side effects were found between current users of the two injectables. Health workers played an important role in women's decisions to use the injectable, and in product selection, with NET-EN being recommended for younger women on the basis of concerns about method reversibility. While some women used injectables for long periods of time, discontinuation rates at two years were high, most commonly due to menstrual
disturbances. Many side effects were reported by users of both DMPA and NET-EN, with amenorrhoea the most common, experienced by 63% of current injectable users. Heavy bleeding was most commonly reported by previous users (38%). Vaginal wetness was also common, mentioned by 18% and 29% of current and previous users respectively. Utilisation patterns of the two injectable products (DMPA and NET-EN) were analysed by means of a Pareto analysis of injectables issued from four South African provincial pharmaceutical depots over three financial years (1997/8, 1998/9 and 1999/2000). Injectables accounted for a substantial share of total state expenditure on drugs. While
more DMPA than NET-EN was issued, NET-EN distribution from two depots increased over the period of analysis, even though DMPA was the cheaper option. The pharmacokinetic analysis was undertaken amongst DMPA users routinely attending family planning services in three Durban clinics in 1996. Medroxyprogesterone acetate levels at the end of the dosing interval were analysed for 94 women. In addition a
population pharmacokinetic analysis of 291 serum levels from 111 DMPA users was undertaken. This involved the use of Non Linear Mixed Effect Modelling (NONMEM) to fit the data and determine the pharmacokinetic parameters, apparent clearance (CLIP) and apparent volume of distribution (VIP), and to estimate the influence of covariates on CLIP and VIP (where P is the bioavailability). The final model estimates for CLIP and VIP were 1080 (95% confidence interval: 994, 1166) litres/day and 86200 litres (95% confidence interval: 68246, 104154) respectively. No significant relationships were found between the covariates tested and CLIP and VIP. Concerns raised in the literature about
the influence of weight or ethnicity on the pharmacokinetics of DMPA were shown to be unfounded. In the context of South Africa's HIV epidemic, the heavy reliance on injectable contraceptives, which offer no protection against HIV, should be addressed by expanding the contraceptive method mix to include barrier methods such as the female condom. Health providers are influential in contraceptive decision-making and should be encouraged and supported to redress the dependence on the injectable method alone, taking into account the need of many for dual protection against HIV and unwanted pregnancy. Provider counseling should also focus on adherence to dosing regimens,
improving continuation rates, and should provide appropriate advice for women complaining about vaginal wetness with injectable use. Promotion of one injectable product over another to younger women is not appropriate. Since DMPA is the cheaper product, provider training about the rational use of injectable contraceptives should include cost considerations.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 2003.
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Manthata, Martha Morongwa. "Exploring the uptake of implant contraceptives among South African young women : a prediction for health communication campaigns." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2926.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. A. (Communication Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019Globally, over the years, health promotion organisations have developed communication campaigns geared towards addressing most major public health issues with the intention of preventing risky sexual behaviour. Teenage pregnancy is a major health, social, systemic and economic challenge, not only for the basic education sector but also, crucially for national development in general. The use of modern contraceptives, specifically implant contraceptives, has the potential to alleviate unintended teenage pregnancies. Modern contraceptives such as implant contraceptives have proven to be highly effective from 24 hours after insertion up to three years. Theoretically, the Health Belief Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour have been applied to guide the study. A quantitative, descriptive survey was used in this study, with data collected using questionnaires. Purposive sampling of six secondary schools under the Mankweng Circuit in the Limpopo province where 306 participants were randomly selected was employed. Data were analysed using the SPSS version 26. The study revealed that that 34% of the participants were willing to use the implant contraceptive method based on the benefits found to be associated with the method. However, 66% were not willing to use the method regardless of the benefits found in using the implant contraceptives. In addition, it was found that only 3.9% of the participants were using implant contraceptives as a tool to prevent unintended pregnancies. This study makes a contribution to existing literature on implant contraceptives uptake among young women in South Africa. It would be informative to organisations and the National Department of Health who propose the use of implant contraceptives to stem increasing teenage pregnancies.
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McCallum, Shan Merrell. "Progesterone related cellular change in the uterine cervix with particular reference to progesterone-only contraceptives." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7457.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the effect of progesterone-only injectable
contraceptives, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) in
particular, on the cells of the uterine cervix.
Cervical and vaginal smears were taken before commencement of therapy
and at 3 and 6 month intervals thereafter on 79 asymptomatic women
attending a family planning clinic. Results of hormonal and cellular
measurements before and after therapy were compared.
menstrual cycling was also studied.
The effect on
Methods used were hormonal maturation indices, image analysis
measurements and microscopic observation of cellular . features. The
latter included anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, karyomegaly , plaque
formation, cytoplasmic wrinkling, nuclear grooving, hypertrophy,
atrophy, cytoplasmic moulding and density, retarded maturation and
nuclear protrusions. Squamous, endocervical and metaplastic cells were
examined.
Analysis of the results showed that progesterone-only contraceptives
produce all of the above to a greater or lesser degree resulting in an
increased relative nuclear area which may be confused with
intraepithelial neoplasia. This is due to the production of a folate
deficiency at target organ level which interferes with cell division and
slows the maturation process. This effect enabled further observations
to be made leading to the establishment of the origin and content of the
nipple-like protrusions which occur in endocervical cells in response to
hormonal activity.
Physiological effects included amenorrhoea and irregular menstrual
cycling. Most women showed evidence of interference with normal cycling
to a varying degree.
The documented cellular changes were shown to modify the expression of
common inflammatory and neoplastic conditions of the uterine cervix.
These included trichomoniasis, herpesvirus cervicitis, human
papillomavirus infection, folate deficiency, cervical intraepithelial
neoplasia and invasive carcinoma as well as multiple pathologies. The
potential for diagnostic error was examined.
New diagnostic criteria were formulated based on the comparison of
cellular features found in the presence of the contraceptive with those
found under normal conditions. It is anticipated that these criteria
will facilitate the cytological diagnosis of pathological conditions of
the uterine cervix in users of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA),
leading to increased accuracy and improved and better directed patient
management.Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1993.
Books on the topic "Contraceptifs injectables"
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Sheraz, Aysha. Continuation of IUD and injectables in selected districts of Punjab: A pilot study. Islamabad: National Institute of Population Studies, 2006.
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Sathyamala, C. An epidemiological review of the injectable contraceptive, depo-provera. Pune: Medico Friend Circle & Forum for Women's Health, Mumbai, 2000.
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Mafizur, Rahman Md. Prevalence and continuation of injectable contraceptives. Dhaka: Centre for Health and Population Research, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, 1996.
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Activities, United Nations Fund for Population. Progestin only injectable (POI) contraceptives: Facts file. [India: UNFPA], 2004.
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Vecchio, Thomas J. Birth control by injection: The story of Depo-Provera. New York: Vantage Press, 1993.
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Farmer, Ronald Allen. A historical cohort study to investigate the possible association between the use of Depomedroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA or Depo-Provera) and breast cancer in a population of institutionalized mentally retarded women. [Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1986.
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India, Family Planning Association of. Supporting informed choice of injectable contraceptives: A comprehensive tool kit. Mumbai: Family Planning Association of India, 2012.
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Jejeebhoy, Shireen J. Injectable contraceptives: Perspectives and experiences of women and health care providers in India. New Delhi: Population Council, 2012.
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Investigations, United States Congress House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs Subcommittee on General Oversight and. Use of the drug, Depo Provera, by the Indian Health Service: Oversight hearing before the Subcommittee on General Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, first session ... hearing held in Washington, DC, August 6, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.
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Dissemination Meeting on a Comparative Clinical Trial of Two Once-A-Month Injectable Contraceptives (Cyclofem and Mesigyna) (1992 Cairo, Egypt). Proceedings of a Dissemination Meeting on a Comparative Clinical Trial of Two Once-A-Month Injectable Contraceptives (Cyclofem and Mesigyna): December 12, 1992, Shepheard Hotel, Cairo, Egypt. Mohandessin, Cairo: EFCS, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Contraceptifs injectables"
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Meredith, Susanna, and Andrew M. Kaunitz. "Progestin Injectables." In Contraception, 86–93. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444342642.ch8.
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Shoupe, Donna. "Injectable Contraceptives and Contraceptive Vaginal Rings." In Clinical Perspectives in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 144–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2730-4_13.
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d’Arcangues, Catherine, and Rachel C. Snow. "Injectable Contraceptives." In Fertility Control — Update and Trends, 121–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86696-8_6.
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Everett, Suzanne. "Injectable contraception." In Handbook of Contraception and Sexual Health, 123–31. 4th edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429445781-11.
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Allen, Rebecca H., Carrie Cwiak, and Andrew M. Kaunitz. "Progestin Injectable Contraceptives." In The Handbook of Contraception, 125–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20185-6_8.
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Jurow, Ronna, and Donna Shoupe. "Long-Acting Progestin Injectables." In The Handbook of Contraception, 101–15. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-150-5_7.
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Segall-Gutierrez, Penina, and Ian Tilley. "Injectable and Implantable Contraception." In Management of Common Problems in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 490–93. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444323030.ch109.
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Zatuchni, G. I., L. R. Beck, and D. H. Lewis. "Long-Acting Injectable Steroidal Contraception Utilizing Norethindrone Microspheres." In Female Contraception, 209–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73790-9_19.
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Kesserü, E., and R. Tozzini. "Monthly Injectable Contraception with Norethisterone Enanthate plus Estradiol Valerate." In Female Contraception, 221–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73790-9_20.
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Garza-Flores, Josue, Sang Guo-Wei, and Peter E. Hall. "Population and Delivery Systems: Variability in Pharmacokevettcs of Long-Acting Injectable Contraceptives." In Steroid Contraceptives and Women’s Response, 69–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2445-8_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Contraceptifs injectables"
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Kusumawati, Widya, and Lely Khulafa’ur Rosidah. "The Effect of Hormonal Contraception on Body Mass Index among Women in Reproductive Age." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.20.
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ABSTRACT Background: Hormonal contraception is still a popular contraceptive method for most women. More than six million women worldwide use the injectable hormonal contraceptive method. The hormones estrogen and progesterone contained in hormonal birth control can affect the increase of sodium and fluids. This will affect the fat layer and appetite which will cause weight gain, thus impacting body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to determine the effect of hormonal contraception on BMI. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Ngampel village, Mojoroto District, Kediri, East Java, in June – July 2019. The total of 30 women in reproductive age were selected using purposive sampling technique. The independent variable was the use of hormonal contraception. the dependent variable was BMI. The data were collected by questionnaire then analyzed using Chi Square test. Results: The use of hormonal contraception was increased the BMI among women in reproductive age. Conclusion: The use of hormonal contraception can give an effect on BMI. Sometimes, woman body should be given the opportunity to rest using non-hormonal birth control. Keywords: family planning, hormonal contraception, body mass index Correspondence: Widya Kusumawati. Dharma Husada Kediri Academy of Midwifery. Jl. Coverage No 41 A Kediri City. Email: widya.koesoemawati@gmail.com. Mobile: 085722223910. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.20
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Manoukian, Ohan S., Christopher Marin, Asim Ahmad, Roshan James, and Sangamesh G. Kumbar. "Biodegradable injectable implants for long-term delivery of contraceptives and other therapeutics." In 2015 41st Annual Northeast Biomedical Engineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebec.2015.7117115.
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Sari, Febrina, Fera Damayanti, Atma Hadiansa, and Elisa Hafrida. "Early Warning System For The Continuouse Use Of Injectable Contraception, Using SMS Gateway In The Success Of Family Planning Programs." In 2018 International Conference on Smart Computing and Electronic Enterprise (ICSCEE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icscee.2018.8538407.
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Phung, Minh Tung, Penelope M. Webb, Jennifer Anne Doherty, Holly R. Harris, Pamela J. Thompson, Marc T. Goodman, Kirsten Moysich, et al. "Abstract B38: Use of progestin-only injectable contraceptive is associated with reduced risk of ovarian cancer in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research; September 13-16, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.ovca19-b38.
Full textReports on the topic "Contraceptifs injectables"
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Jejeebhoy, Shireen, and A. J. Zavier. Injectable contraceptives: Perspectives and experiences of women and health care providers in India. Population Council, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2.1063.
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