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Eka Nuriyanah, Titin, and Windi Suryaning Rejeki. "GAMBARAN LAMA PENGGUNAAN KB SUNTIK PROGESTIN DENGAN KEJADIAN AMENORRHEA SEKUNDER DI DUSUN KARANGLO DESA DRIYOREJO GRESIK." Midwiferia 1, no. 1 (October 11, 2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/mid.v1i1.344.
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Injectable contraceptive is a contraceptive method with many side effects, hormonal injectables have away of working systemically in the body, causing systemic side effects on the body as well. Based on the results of the BKKBN and PLKB(Field Extension Family Planning) Driyorejo’s village injectables users is quite high compared to other contraceptives. The purpose of this studyw as to determine the old picture with the use of progestin injectables incidence of secondary amenorrhea.The design of this research is descriptive method. The study population was all acceptors progestin’s injection in the hamlet of Karanglo Driyorejo’s village-Gresik of 18 acceptors.The entire population can be the subject of research. Data were collected byi nterview using the interview guidelines.The results of this study indicate that the majority of acceptors progestin injectables using progestin injectables for > 1 year by 80 %. The majority of acceptors progestin injectables contraception experiencing secondary amenorrhea by 75 %. Most of the acceptors were using progestin injectables ≤ 1 year of amenorrhea is not having by 100 %Conclusion research that most acceptors progestin injectables > 1 year experience secondary amenorrhea. It is recommended that the ministry, in particular midwives improve counseling and information to each acceptor progestin injectables especially about the possible side effects so there is no misunderstanding between service providers and service recipients.
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Rahmatiqa, Chamy, Siswanto Agus Wilopo, and Shinta Purwasari. "Failure contraception in Indonesia: IDHS 2012 data analysis." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 6 (May 27, 2019): 2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192287.
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Background: Contraception prevalence rate (CPR) increased from the year 1991 is 50% to 62% in 2012 but Totak fertility rate (TFR) was little changed at data IDHS 2002-2003, 2007, and 2012 that is 2.6. Of IDHS 2007, the failure of contraception reflects the result in the unwanted pregnancies that can result in high maternal mortality and morbidity of the baby in the year 2012. The research aims to assess the failure of the contraceptive couples of childbearing age in Indonesia.Methods: Research was the observational study design with a cohort-retrospective. Researchers analyzed longitudinal data using calendar data IDHS 2012. The sample was 10.250 women of childbearing age ever married aged 15-49 years and the use of contraceptives. The analysis of contraceptive failure based on the predictor performed with the cox proportional hazard model by using curves Kaplan-Meier.Results: The most effective contraceptives found that the Implant (0.56) and the IUD (0.75) this was a modern contraceptive. The failure rate of the most high was neither disconnected (8.93) and periodic abstinence (7.32) this is the traditional contraception. The injectable and the pill was the choice of the majority of the respondents. The failure rate of the most high according to modern methods of contraception was injectables (35.67%), while the traditional method is neither disconnected (15.34%).Conclusions: The traditional method was the potential of failure compared to modern methods of contraception that may increase the unwanted pregnancy.
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Ambarwati, Nining, Ni Ketut Alit Armini, and Ilya Krisnana. "RELATIONSHIP HUSBAND’S SUPPORT WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES ACCEPTOR." Jurnal Keperawatan 10, no. 1 (March 24, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jk.v10i1.6240.
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Hormonal contraception type injectable contraceptives increasingly popular in Indonesia because of its practical, cost-effective, and safe. Side effects of use injectable contraceptives is changes in nutritional status. Nutritional status is a measure in the assessment of nutritional fulfillment that reflects a person's health status. Changes in nutritional status are multifactorial like husband’s support. This study aims to explain the relationship between husband’s support with nutritional status on injectable contraceptives acceptor. This study used cross sectional design. The sample in this research is women of childbearing age who use injectable contraceptive of Puskesmas Gading Surabaya region obtained by purposive sampling technique. Independent variable is husband’s support. The dependent variable is the nutritional status of injectable contraceptives acceptor. The instruments in this study were questionnaires and BMI measurements. To find out the relationship, this study uses Spearman correlation test. Husband’s support with nutritional status on injectable contraceptives acceptor, obtained result p = 0,00 (r) = -0,546. The husband’s support with nutritional status on injectable contraceptives acceptor has a moderate correlation with negative correlation coefficient, it means that less respondents get support from their husbands, nutritional status will increase until they get overweight or obese. It is necessary to increase the involvement of husbands in deciding the use of contraception, so women of childbearing age of injecting contraceptives acceptor receives adequate husband’s support.
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Olaleye, A., E. Orji, A. Akintayo, A. Olaleye, and J. Imaralu. "Perception and uptake of contraception among health workers in Ile-Ife, South-western Nigeria." Babcock University Medical Journal (BUMJ) 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.38029/bumj.v1i1.22.
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Objective: This study was carried out to assess the perception of health workers towards contraceptive methods, determine the proportion of health workers using modern contraceptive methods and identify factors influencing their contraceptive practice.
Methods: A cross sectional descriptive survey of 300 practicing nurses in the health facilities within Ile-Ife, Nigeria was done using pre-tested, self-administered semi-structured questionnaires.
Results: Most of the respondents were less than 30years, married, multiparous and had practised for more than 2years. Prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 75.2%. Knowledge of contraceptives was poorest for injectables and oral contraceptive pills (32% each). Twenty six percent of respondents believed that contraception should be limited to women who had completed their families, while 32.4% were either uncertain or disagreed with the safety of contraceptives. The commonest method used was the condom, though contraceptive choice varied with cadre of staff. Desire for another pregnancy was the main reason for discontinuing contraception (51.2%). Older age, religion and marriage positively influenced contraceptive use.
Conclusion: Knowledge and perception of contraception among nurses in Ile-Ife is relatively poor. Ensuring accurate information on contraception among this target group of health workers is an important step towards achieving success in the national family planning programme.
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Shrestha, Ashis, and P. Sharma. "Post Abortion Choice and Acceptance of Contraception." Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 8, no. 1 (October 9, 2013): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v8i1.8854.
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Aims: This study was conducted to find out choice and acceptance of contraceptives in clients coming for first trimester abortion. Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out from the records of clients who received comprehensive abortion care service in first trimester at Kasthamandap health care centre from June 2008 to June 2010. Results: Total 707 clients came for abortion who fulfilled inclusion criteria. Contraceptive acceptance was 49.5%. Most frequently used contraceptives were injectable (depot medroxyprogesterone) 22.8%, oral contraceptive pills 19.6%, condom 6.1%, intra-uterine contraceptive device 0.8% and norplant 0.3%. Conclusions: This study showed a low acceptance rate of contraception. This suggests the need for reviewing the policy of post abortion contraception. The study also highlighted that depot provera was the most accepted contraception. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 8 / No. 1 / Issue 15 / Jan- June, 2013 / 14-17 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v8i1.8854
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Singh, K., O. A. C. Viegas, and S. S. Ratnam. "Attitudes towards contraceptive implants and injectables among present and former users in Singapore." Journal of Biosocial Science 22, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018320.
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SummaryIn a comparison of present and past users of contraceptive implants (Norplant) or injectables (DMPA) and discontinuers of Norplant or DMPA, information concerning the women's knowledge and perception of, and attitude to, implants and injectable contraceptives, was studied. The long duration of action (5 years) of implants was perceived positively by all groups as compared to the shorter 3-month duration of injectables, though this was seen as an advantage over the pill. It appears that the Norplant system has potential for wider use in Singapore in the future.
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Hartini, Lia, and Omi Harera Prabusari. "Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu dan Usia terhadap Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Suntik." Jurnal Kesmas Asclepius 1, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/jka.v1i1.623.
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This study aims to determine the factors associated with the use of injection contraceptives in mothers visiting the Swasti Saba Public Health Center in Lubuklinggau City in 2019. This research method uses descriptive analytic with a cross sectional approach. These results obtained respondents with good knowledge (43.3%), lack of knowledge (56.8%), young age (64.9%), old age (35.1%), use of injectable contraceptives (51.4%) and the use of non-injectable contraceptives (48.6%). Chi square statistical test results obtained value ρ> α (0.05) for knowledge of p = 0.129 and age with a value of p = 0.418. In conclusion, there is no significant relationship between knowledge and age with injection contraceptive use.
Keywords: Injection Contraception, Knowledge, Age
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Uprety, S., I. S. Poudel, A. Ghimire, M. Poudel, S. Bhattrai, and D. D. Baral. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among married women of reproductive age in a VDC of eastern Nepal." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 1 (February 16, 2017): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v6i1.16655.
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Contraceptive use and fertility rates vary substantially among developing countries. An important factor, which affects the fertility of any population, is Contraceptive. Contraceptive use varies by age. Nepal over the past 15 years show an impressive increase in the use of modern contraceptive methods from 26 percent in 1996 to 43 percent in 2011. Objectives of the is to assess the knowledge, attitude regarding family planning and the practice of contraceptives among the married women of Dhabi VDC of Eastern Nepal. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was done in Dhabi VDC. Total of 300 married women age 15-49 sample were taken from family planning center situated in Dhabi. Knowledge, attitude and practice on contraceptives were evaluated with the help of a predesigned questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done by using SPSS 11.5 software to obtain frequencies and percentages. Out of 300 interviewed women, the mean age was 27.94 years, 98% had heard about Family planning method. Radio was the main Source of family planning information. Regarding the usage of contraceptive methods, about 79.3% had ever used and 63.3 had current using some sort of contraception, among the method used Injectables were the commonly used methods About 71% of married women other child in the further. Despite the knowledge of all family planning methods majority of the women used Injectables. Easily accessible and easily to use were the main reasons for choosing Injectables methods.
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Ogedengbe, O. K., O. F. Giwa-Osagie, R. Ola, and M. O. Fasan. "Contraceptive choice in an urban clinic in nigeria." Journal of Biosocial Science 19, no. 1 (January 1987): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000016643.
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SummaryContraceptive choice in the first 1075 acceptors at an urban clinic in Lagos has been studied. An IUD was the most popular choice followed by the injectable contraceptive and the pill. Interval tubal ligation was chosen by some patients. Acceptors of injectables were older women of high parity and lower educational standard while pill acceptors were of lower parity and higher educational level. The IUD was acceptable to all ages and parities except those with only one child or none.Loss to follow-up and the wish to plan another pregnancy were the commonest reasons for discontinuing contraception. Medical reasons for discontinuing the IUD were pain, menstrual disorder, accidental pregnancy and expulsion/perforation, and for discontinuing injectables the reasons were menstrual disorder, accidental pregnancy and raised blood pressure.
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Wahyuhadi, Joni, Dini Heryani, and Hari Basuki Basuki. "Risk of meningioma associated with exposure of hormonal contraception. A case control study." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 26, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v1i12018.36-41.
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Objective: To identify the effect of hormonal contraceptive exposure to the occurrence of meningioma.Materials and Methods: This study, conducted in 2016, was a case-control study by collecting a group of cases comprising all patients diagnosed histopathologically with meningioma in 2012-2013 and treated in dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Medical record data were analyzed and compared to control group of patients diagnosed with non-meningioma who underwent contrast head ct scan and direct interviews. We obtained 101 cases and 101 controls. Data were analyzed using univariate logistic regression test.Results: Based on the history of hormonal contraceptive use, patients who had history of hormonal contraceptive use had 12.31 times higher risk (p=0.000). In this study, those who had contraceptive injections for one month and used contraceptive pills had a meningioma risk lower than those who used injectables 3 months. Patients who used hormonal contraception more than 10 years had an increased risk for meningioma as much as 18.216 times (p=0.000). Histopathologically, we found a non-significant association between history of hormonal contraceptive use and the distribution of histopathology, but based on descriptive data showed it was found that the most histopatological meningioma was of the transitional type in cases group.Conclusion: There is a significant association between hormonal contraceptive use, the type of injectable hormonal contraception for 3 months, the duration of hormonal contraceptive use >10 years, and no significant association between meningioma grade and the history of hormonal contraception exposure.
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Wahyuhadi, Joni, Dini Heryani, and Hari Basuki. "Risk of meningioma associated with exposure of hormonal contraception. A case control study." Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi 26, no. 1 (August 22, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mog.v26i12018.36-41.
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Objective: To identify the effect of hormonal contraceptive exposure to the occurrence of meningioma.Materials and Methods: This study, conducted in 2016, was a case-control study by collecting a group of cases comprising all patients diagnosed histopathologically with meningioma in 2012-2013 and treated in dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Medical record data were analyzed and compared to control group of patients diagnosed with non-meningioma who underwent contrast head ct scan and direct interviews. We obtained 101 cases and 101 controls. Data were analyzed using univariate logistic regression test.Results: Based on the history of hormonal contraceptive use, patients who had history of hormonal contraceptive use had 12.31 times higher risk (p=0.000). In this study, those who had contraceptive injections for one month and used contraceptive pills had a meningioma risk lower than those who used injectables 3 months. Patients who used hormonal contraception more than 10 years had an increased risk for meningioma as much as 18.216 times (p=0.000). Histopathologically, we found a non-significant association between history of hormonal contraceptive use and the distribution of histopathology, but based on descriptive data showed it was found that the most histopatological meningioma was of the transitional type in cases group.Conclusion: There is a significant association between hormonal contraceptive use, the type of injectable hormonal contraception for 3 months, the duration of hormonal contraceptive use >10 years, and no significant association between meningioma grade and the history of hormonal contraception exposure.
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Muyindike, Winnie, Robin Fatch, Rachel Steinfield, Lynn T. Matthews, Nicholas Musinguzi, Nneka I. Emenyonu, Jeffrey N. Martin, and Judith A. Hahn. "Contraceptive Use and Associated Factors among Women Enrolling into HIV Care in Southwestern Uganda." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/340782.
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Background. Preventing unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV is an important component of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT), yet few data exist on contraceptive use among women entering HIV care.Methods. This was a retrospective study of electronic medical records from the initial HIV clinic visits of 826 sexually active, nonpregnant, 18–49-year old women in southwestern Uganda in 2009. We examined whether contraceptive use was associated with HIV status disclosure to one’s spouse.Results. The proportion reporting use of contraception was 27.8%. The most common method used was injectable hormones (51.7%), followed by condoms (29.6%), and oral contraceptives (8.7%). In multivariable analysis, the odds of contraceptive use were significantly higher among women reporting secondary education, higher income, three or more children, and younger age. There were no significant independent associations between contraceptive use and HIV status disclosure to spouse.Discussion. Contraceptive use among HIV-positive females enrolling into HIV care in southwestern Uganda was low. Our results suggest that increased emphasis should be given to increase the contraception uptake for all women especially those with lower education and income. HIV clinics may be prime sites for contraception education and service delivery integration.
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Fareed, Perveena, Farhana Siraj, and Neha Mahajan. "Knowledge attitude and practice of contraceptives in married women in a tertiary care." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 9 (August 28, 2017): 4102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174069.
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Background: To estimate the knowledge, attitude and practice of contraception among women attending postpartum OPD.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient department Government medical college Srinagar. Sample size of 200 patients attending post-partum OPD were taken and questioned using a questionnaire. Questions were asked regarding age, educational status, parity, knowledge, practice of contraceptives and reasons for non-use of contraceptives.Results: 63% of patients were aware of any contraceptive. Among contraceptives most common known contraceptive was OCP’s (62%) followed by female sterilization (52%) and Intrauterine devices (51%). Only 21% were aware of male sterilization. Implants were known to only 5% of patients. Awareness of emergency contraceptives was seen in only 18.5% of patients. Among patients having awareness of contraceptives most common used method was OCP’s (73%) followed by barrier, IUD’s (48%) and injectable (44%).Conclusions: The study highlights that awareness does not always lead to the use of contraceptives. A lot of educational and motivational activities and improvement in family planning services are needed to promote the use of contraceptives and reduce the high fertility rate.
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Dwijayanti, Lina Anggaraeni, Dewa Nyoman Wirawan, and Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri. "Continuation rates for injectable contraception and intra-uterine device (IUD) at Banyuning Village, Buleleng District." Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/phpma.v5i2.18.
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Background and purpose: Surveys on the proportion of contraception uptake have been regularly conducted in Indonesia, including Bali Province. However, very limited studies have explored contraceptive continuation rates. This study aims to examine continuation rates for injectable contraception and IUD including its determinants.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Buleleng District. A total of 100 reproductive age women who ever used or currently using injectable contraception or IUD were recruited to participate in the study. One village at Buleleng District was purposively selected and samples were selected from all registered reproductive age couples at the village using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected through home interviews and were analysed using survival analysis to calculate contraceptive continuation rates. Multivariate analysis were performed using cox regression to identify factors associated to continuation rates for injectable contraception and IUD. Analysis was done using STATA SE 12.1.Results: The one year continuation rate for IUD for first child was 84.62% whereas for injectable contraception was 71.03%. When sex variable of the child was applied, the one year continuation rate for IUD for first child was higher among those who have male child (81.82%) than female child (66.67%). Similarly, the one year continuation rate for injectable contraception was higher among those who have male child (79.10%) than female child (57.58%). The one year contraceptive continuation rate is also higher for the second child than the first one (79.56 vs 71.03 for injectable and 87.88 vs 84.62 for IUD). The multivariate analysis showed that perceived quality of family planning services was associated to contraceptive continuation rates (AHR=2.54; 95%CI: 1.22-5.29).Conclusions: The continuation rate for IUD was higher than injectable contraception. Higher contraceptive continuation rate was found among those who have male children. The contraceptive continuation rate was associated with perceived quality of family planning services. Interventions to improve the quality of family planning services are warranted.
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Naveen Verma, John Karthik, and Sameer Jain. "An Online KAP Study to Access Contraceptive Use Among Reproductive Females in North-Western India." International Healthcare Research Journal 4, no. 6 (September 20, 2020): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0406.09289.
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INTRODUCTION: The use of contraceptives has been practiced since thousand of years and if used correctly can lead to birth control. AIM: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of contraceptive of reproductive females aged 18 years and above.MATERIALS AND METHOD: The present study was cross-sectional in nature and included married females above 18 years of age were asked to fill up an online questionnaire, divided into 4 sections and containing 17 questions. After application of descriptive statistics, the multivariate logistic regression and Pearson’s correlation was applied. p value was significant when it was ≤0.05RESULTS: Most respondents has poor knowledge (54.5%) of contraceptives with the most preferred method of contraception being OCP (36.3%) closely followed by condoms (36.1%). Awareness regarding emergency use on contraceptives was mostly seen to be poor (43.9%). The most common method used for contraception was condoms (49.7%%), followed by IUDs (15.6%),Injectables (14.3%) and OCPs(12.7%). Only a few (5.3%) did not practice any method for contraception and 2.4% underwent sterilization. the multivariate logistic regression revealed a significant relation (p=0.03) while and Pearson’s correlation (p=0.76) revealed a strong association. CONCLUSION: There is a need to educate females more about the various methods of contraception to promote their reproductive health
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Radovich, Emma, Mardieh L. Dennis, Edwine Barasa, Francesca L. Cavallaro, Kerry LM Wong, Josephine Borghi, Caroline A. Lynch, Mark Lyons-Amos, Timothy Abuya, and Lenka Benova. "Who pays and how much? A cross-sectional study of out-of-pocket payment for modern contraception in Kenya." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e022414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022414.
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ObjectivesOut-of-pocket (OOP) payment for modern contraception is an understudied component of healthcare financing in countries like Kenya, where wealth gradients in met need have prompted efforts to expand access to free contraception. This study aims to examine whether, among public sector providers, the poor are more likely to receive free contraception and to compare how OOP payment for injectables and implants—two popular methods—differs by public/private provider type and user’s sociodemographic characteristics.Design, setting and participantsSecondary analyses of nationally representative, cross-sectional household data from the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. Respondents were women of reproductive age (15–49 years). The sample comprised 5717 current modern contraception users, including 2691 injectable and 1073 implant users with non-missing expenditure values.Main outcomeRespondent’s self-reported source and payment to obtain their current modern contraceptive method.MethodsWe used multivariable logistic regression to examine predictors of free public sector contraception and compared average expenditure for injectable and implant. Quintile ratios examined progressivity of non-zero expenditure by wealth.ResultsHalf of public sector users reported free contraception; this varied considerably by method and region. Users of implants, condoms, pills and intrauterine devices were all more likely to report receiving their method for free (p<0.001) compared with injectable users. The poorest were as likely to pay for contraception as the wealthiest users at public providers (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.64 to 1.91). Across all providers, among users with non-zero expenditure, injectable and implant users reported a mean OOP payment of Kenyan shillings (KES) 80 (US$0.91), 95% CI: KES 78 to 82 and KES 378 (US$4.31), 95% CI: KES 327 to 429, respectively. In the public sector, expenditure was pro-poor for injectable users yet weakly pro-rich for implant users.ConclusionsMore attention is needed to targeting subsidies to the poorest and ensuring government facilities are equipped to cope with lost user fee revenue.
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Karkee, Rajendra, Samita Adhikary, David Thapa, and Nilambar Jha. "A Cross-Sectional Survey of Contraceptive Use and Birth Spacing Among Multiparous Women in Eastern Nepal." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 32, no. 2-3 (March 2020): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539520912117.
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Despite the known benefits of the use of contraceptives, notably birth spacing, the use of contraceptives in Nepal has remained stagnant since 2006. The purpose of this article is to assess the knowledge and use of contraceptives, and to ascertain preceding interbirth spacing in an eastern plain district of Nepal. A cross-sectional survey was completed on 406 multiparous women aged 18 to 49 years to collect data via structured questionnaires in Jhapa district of Nepal. The majority of the participants (96.1%) had knowledge of at least one modern contraceptive: injectable and oral contraceptives were the most common. Female sterilization was the most commonly used method of contraception. The median birth spacing was 41.5 months, and the majority of participants (79.1%) had preceding interbirth spacing greater than 24 months. The average preferred birth spacing was 51.3 months, and about half of the participants said that 60 months was the appropriate birth spacing. Though knowledge of contraceptives use is almost universal in this population, the use is still low. The preferred birth spacing is longer than the actual birth spacing, signifying an unmet need of contraception.
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Keyal, NK, and M. Moore. "Contraception in Eastern Nepal: A Study of Knowledge and Use." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 2, no. 2 (September 27, 2014): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i2.11169.
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OBJECTIVES: To discover the knowledge and use of contraception amongst women in eastern Nepal and to identify reasons for patterns of use. METHOD: A cross-sectional study, using a structured survey, was completed by women admitted to the post-natal ward of Koshi Zonal Hospital in eastern Nepal. The subjects were asked questions about their knowledge and use of contraception as well as reasons for their contraceptive choices. RESULTS: The subjects showed a large discrepancy between knowledge (79%) and use (21%) of contraception. Knowledge was greater in higher socio-economic groups but use was not significantly different. Knowledge and use increased with age to a maximum use of 50% at age greater than 30 years. The main source of contraceptive knowledge was from formal school education. Injectable progesterone was the most common contraceptive used and this was said to be because of its convenience. The main reasons for non-use of contraception were subjects wanting another child and fear of side-effects. All contraceptives were purchased from private shops due to discomfort at attending recognisable contraceptive providers.. CONCLUSIONS: The levels of contraceptive awareness and use were lower than in other published Nepalese studies. This difference is associated with low educational levels in the study population. There is also an ongoing desire for larger families. There is a need for more contraceptive education that does not rely on schooling. The lack of use of government contraceptive services should also be addressed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i2.11169 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol.2(2): 15-20
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Upadhye, Jayshree J., and Jayant V. Upadhye. "Contraceptive awareness and practices in women of urban India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 4 (March 30, 2017): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20171076.
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Background: With the efforts from government and increase in the literacy of women, awareness about contraceptive methods is increased. The objective of the study was to analyse contraceptive awareness and practices in women and to find out the source of information and reason for non-use of contraception.Methods: In a cross-sectional study 400 women were interviewed from July to December 2016.Results: In our study, majority (43.5 %) of women were between 26-30 years of age followed by women between 22-25 years of age (26.5 %). 92.5% of women were aware of one or other method of contraception. But only 42.5% were practicing contraception. Maximum awareness was about tubectomy (90.5%) followed by CuT (87.5%), Condom 50%, O.C. pills 12.5%, Safe period 5% and injectables 2.5%. Most common method used in our study group was condom (20%) followed by tubectomy 12.5%, CuT 7.5%, O.C. Pills 1.5%, Injectable contraceptive and safe period 0.5% each. 37.5 % woman got information from radio or newspaper, 30 % from hospital doctor, 25 % from friends or relatives, 7.5 % had no information. 100% women were literate, 70% had education till high school, 30% were graduate or postgraduate. In our study, 52.5% had no reason for non-use of contraception.25% were not using due to myths or fears while 22.5% were not using due to family pressure.Conclusions: We concluded that awareness about contraceptive methods is quite high but acceptance is quite low. Condom is the most common method used.
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Septalia, Rendys, and Nunik Puspitasari. "Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pemilihan Metode Kontrasepsi." Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan 5, no. 2 (September 8, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbk.v5i2.2016.91-98.
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Contraception was the most effective way to control the population growth. The most widely favored in Indonesia was a short-term contraceptive methods. High attainment acceptor on short-term contraceptive methods because short-term contraceptive methods was a methods contraception affordable, while the fees for the long-term contraceptive methods was more expensive. The incidence of injectable contraceptives and pills drop-out was higher than the long-term contraceptive methods that contributed to the failure of population growth control program. This study to analyze the factors that affect the selection contraceptive methods. This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. Sampling with systematic random and obtained were 79 acceptors. The independent variables were the cost of contraceptive use, non-material costs (experience side effects), cultural obstacle, social adjustments obstacle, physic and mental health obstacle, and accessibility obstacle. Data collected using the questionnaire and analyse by multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the significant factor were the cost of contraceptive usage (pvalue = 0.002), the cost of non-material (experience side eff ects) (pvalue = 0.007), and factors that didn’t have signifi cant influence were cultural obstacle (pvalue = 0.105), social adjustments obstacle (pvalue = 0.999), physic and mental health obstacle (pvalue = 0.920), and accessibility obstacle (pvalue = 0.438). The conclusion were the cost of contraceptive use and non-material costs (experience side eff ects) aff ected the selection of contraception. It was need the cooperation between religious leaders, community leaders, and health care workers in a common understanding on the cost of contraceptive usage.
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Rahman, Md Atiqur, Md Mahfuzar Rahman, Sazia Huq, and Sardar Mahmud Hossain. "Contraceptive Practice of Married Women: Experience from a Rural Community of Bangladesh." Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal 5, no. 1 (May 3, 2014): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i1.18767.
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Bangladesh is a country having high density of population in the world. Its fertility rate ranges from 4.1 to 5.49 and life expectancy is 66years while the total fertility rate of Asia is 2.2 and life expectancy 70 years. This descriptive type of cross sectional survey was carried out among 240 married women of reproductive age from July to December, 2012 in some villages of Keranigonj, Upazila, Dhaka. 73(31%) were practicing some methods of contraception, while 167 (69%) were not using it. OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill) was the commonest method of contraception followed by Condoms 12(5%), Injectable 12(5%), Implant 12(5%) & Tubectomy 6(3%). None was found using IUCD and Traditional method ( withdrawal, rhythm method ) and emergency contraceptive method. The use of contraceptive was more common in grand multipara (p<0.01), >35 years old ladies (p<0.05). Non users of contraceptives in this study were 167 (69%) and the major reason for the non use was intention to have more children 53(31.46%) followed by pressure from the husband 21(12.35%), prohibition by the religion 18 (10.9%) and desire for son 17 (10.11%). Among the 73 contraceptive users 38 (52%) experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The commonest side effects were menstrual irregularities 17(23.8%) followed by change in body weight 8(11.19%). Frequency of contraceptive use was found comparatively low among rural married women despite high level of awareness. Desire for larger family, religious concerns and fear of side effects were the main factors responsible for non users. Religious scholars must play their role in clarifying many aspects regarding contraceptives. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i1.18767 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 1: January 2014, Pages 14-18
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Cholifah, Siti, Paramitha Amelia Kusumawardani, and Miftahul Muslih. "Differences in fasting blood glucose levels in acceptors Progestin Injections and Combination Injections." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia 8, no. 3 (November 19, 2020): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/jnki.2020.8(3).247-252.
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<em>Efforts to limit and regulate birth spacing as a goal to create quality families and healthy families, the government encourages people to use contraceptives as birth control. One of these contraceptives is injection contraception. Injecting contraception is the most widely used contraceptive tool by the people of Indonesia, is considered effective, practical, but has several side effects, the most worrying is that it affects blood glucose. Blood glucose levels in the human body that increase more than normal can be a symptom of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to determine differences in blood glucose levels in progestin injection and combined injection contraceptive acceptors. Observational research design using a cross sectional approach. The study population was all injectable acceptors. Samples were taken that met the inclusion criteria, namely respondents were willing to be examined, there was no history of diabetes mellitus (DM), less than 40 years of age, acceptors of at least 6-8 hours fasting. Sampling was carried out using consecutive sampling techniques totaling 50 acceptors (25 progestin injection acceptors, 25 combined injection acceptors). Data were analyzed by Witney mann test using α = 0.05. The results showed the mean fasting blood glucose for progestin injection acceptors was higher than for combination injections, the test results P = 0.008 <α = 0.05. The conclusions of the study show that there are significant differences in blood glucose levels in progestin-injecting acceptors and this combination means that progestin-injecting contraceptives have a higher impact on increasing fasting blood sugar levels compared with combined injection contraception. Suggestions for health workers to control blood glucose injector acceptors at acceptors who experience high glucose levels are recommended to replace non-hormonal contraceptive methods.</em>
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Gelijns, Annetine C., and C. Ok Pannenborg. "The Development of Contraceptive Technology: Case Studies of Incentives and Disincentives to Innovation." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 9, no. 2 (1993): 210–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646230000444x.
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AbstractThis paper examines the characteristics of the process of innovation as applied to a range of contraceptive technologies. Whereas the understanding of how and why innovation works or does not work has grown in the past few decades in such professional fields as electronics, aviation, and optics, only the first attempts are currently under way in medicine. Borrowing from other fields, this paper proposes a theoretical underpinning to the process of innovation as it would apply to the development of medical technology. Subsequently, it documents this process with regard to contraceptive technology (oral contraceptives, injectables, intrauterine devices, implants, and surgical contraception), providing a framework of first-, second-, and third-generation definitions of development. A number of observations about the importance of certain supply- and demand-side determinants of the direction and rate of medical innovation conclude the essay.
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Kennedy, Caitlin E., Ping Teresa Yeh, Mary Lyn Gaffield, Martha Brady, and Manjulaa Narasimhan. "Self-administration of injectable contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 2 (March 2019): e001350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001350.
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IntroductionDepot medroxyprogesterone acetate subcutaneous injectable contraception (DMPA-SC) may facilitate self-administration and expand contraceptive access. To inform WHO guidelines on self-care interventions, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing self-administration versus provider administration of injectable contraception on outcomes of pregnancy, side effects/adverse events, contraceptive uptake, contraceptive continuation, self-efficacy/empowerment and social harms.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, LILACS and EMBASE in September 2018 for peer-reviewed studies comparing women who received injectable contraception with the option of self-administration with women who received provider-administered injectable contraception on at least one outcome of interest. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and the Evidence Project tool for non-randomised studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models to generate pooled estimates of relative risk (RR).ResultsSix studies with 3851 total participants met the inclusion criteria: three RCTs and three controlled cohort studies. All studies examined self-injection of DMPA-SC; comparison groups were either provider-administered DMPA-SC or provider-administered intramuscular DMPA. All studies followed women through 12 months of contraceptive coverage and measured (dis)continuation of injectable contraception. Meta-analysis found higher rates of continuation with self-administration compared with provider administration in three RCTs (RR: 1.27, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.39) and three controlled cohort studies (RR: 1.18, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.26). Four studies reported pregnancies; all showed no difference across study arms. Four studies reported side effects/adverse events; while two controlled cohort studies showed increased injection site reactions with self-administration, no other side effects increased with self-administration. One study found no difference in social harms. No studies reported measuring uptake or self-efficacy/empowerment.ConclusionA growing evidence base suggests that self-administration of DMPA-SC can equal or improve contraceptive continuation rates compared with provider administration. This benefit comes without notable increases in pregnancy or safety concerns. Self-injection of DMPA-SC is a promising approach to increasing contraceptive use.
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Cangdra, Maria Iknasia Natasya, Tadeus A. Ragaletha, and Amelya Betsalonia Sir. "Relationship of Contraceptive Use Depo Provera with The Side Effects On Acceptance in Nulle Health Center." Timorese Journal of Public Health 2, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/tjph.v2i2.2841.
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Contraception is an effort to prevent the onsany of pregnancy that is temporary and can be permanent. One of the contraceptive methods that is in demand by the public is the hormonal contraceptive method, namely the injectable contraceptive Depo Provera. Hormonal contraceptive methods are considered one method with high effectiveness, but on the other hand hormonal contraceptives especially those containing progesterone have some side effects such as menstrual cycle disorders, spotting, increased blood pressure and weight gain. This study aims to find out the relationship between the use of injectable contraceptive Depo Provera with the occurrence of side effects on the acceptance in Nulle publick health center South Central Timor Regency in 2020. This type of research is quantitative research using a cross sectional study approach. The sample in this study was 95 acceptances spread across 8 villages that became the working area of Nulle Health Center. The data analysis used is univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using Chi-square test. The characteristics of the majority of respondents aged 21-30 years and 31-40 years were 42.9%, not working 55.6%, high school education 54.0% and parity 1-2 people as much as 49.2%. The results of the data analysis showed there is a relationship between the use of injectable contraceptive Depo Provera with side effects in the form of menstrual cycle disorders (ρ-value = 0.004), spotting (ρ-value = 0.006) and increase in weight (ρ-value = 0.010) while unrelated side effects are an increase in blood pressure (ρ-value = 0.423). Advice for health officials especially in the field of maternal and child health and family planning to increase the frequency of counseling/information to acceptors, especially injectable contraceptive acceptors Depo Provera regarding the side effects of contraceptive use and other factors that can influence the onsling of such side effects by utilizing health promotion media, so that the acceptor can have a good information/understanding of the contraceptive used.
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MEEL, B. L. "HIV infection among victims of sexual assault using condoms and other contraceptive methods: a comparative study." Medicine, Science and the Law 47, no. 4 (October 2007): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.47.4.341.
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The aim was to study the incidence of HIV among victims of sexual assault who have been using condoms and other contraceptive methods. Retrospective review of cases who presented to the Sinawe Centre following sexual assault was carried out. There were 157 sexually active cases between 17 and 49 years of age in the study group. The mean age of the victims was 22.7 years. All had practised some form of contraception. One had a tubal ligation, 65 (41.8%) had used condoms, 22 (13.9%) oral contraceptives (OC), 55 (35.4%) injectables, and 12 (7.6%) both barrier method and hormonal. The highest number (28-17.7%) of HIV positive cases were in the age group of 17 to 26 years. A total of 42 (27%) were HIV positive of whom 26 (16.6%) had only used condoms, ten (6.4%) had used OCs and injectables, and six (3.8%) used both hormonal and barrier methods. In conclusion, HIV prevalence is commoner among condom users.
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Primadewi, Kadek. "Hubungan Lama Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Suntik Kombinasi (Medroxy Progestero E Acetate) Dengan Gangguan Menstruasi Pada Akseptor Di BPM IW." JURNAL MEDIKA USADA 3, no. 2 (August 30, 2020): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54107/medikausada.v3i2.77.
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Injectable contraception (Cyclofem) is a hormonal contraceptive method containing only progesterone, an injection of medroxyprogesterone acetate and an estrogen component that works in 4 weeks and is available as a contraceptive for women. The results of an interview study on 10 acceptors at Bidan Praktik Mandiri "IW" using cyclofem injectable contraception with 5 people resulted from irregular menstrual disorder, 4 menstruating men, and 1 person weight gain. Objective to know the Old Relation of Contraceptive Use Cyclofem Injection With Menstrual Disorder On Acceptor. Quantitative descriptive research type with correlation study method. In this study describes the relationship of variables about the Old Use of Cyclofem Injectable Contraception with Menstrual Disorders on Acceptors. Data collection with documentation and questionnaires, the number of respondents as many as 26 people. The result of analysis that have been done by using Chi Square formula is got p-value value (Asymp Sig. (2 sided)) at Pearson Chi Square value is 0.000, so χ2 <α or 0,000 <0,05. Conclusion there is a relationship between the duration of the injection against menstrual disorders. Suggestion for contraceptive acceptor combination harmato get information and understand about side effect that can be caused.
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Akter, Rafia. "Contraceptive Use among Slum Women in Slums of Dhaka City." American International Journal of Social Science Research 5, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aijssr.v5i3.667.
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Bangladesh has experienced a dramatic increase in contraceptive use and a sensational decline in fertility over 3 decades since its independence. The family planning program (FPP) in Bangladesh has been considered a success story in a setting without much socio-economic development. With the concerted effort of the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), women are becoming aware of physical health; (Icddr,b). In this context, a study has conducted to unveil the scenario of using contraception in the slum area of Dhaka City. In this research, 101 respondents were selected from two selected slums of Dhaka city. This study examines the use of contraceptives among the slum women. Findings revealed that respondents age 15-20) around 8.6% prefer an oral pill, 2.5% prefer IUD, 6.2% prefer condom (husband’s method) and 4.9% prefer injectable. Respondents aged within (21-25) around 19.8% prefer oral pill, 3.7% prefer IUD, 6.2% prefer condom (husband’s method) and 7.4% prefer injectable. Respondents age (above 25) around 21.0% prefer oral pill, 1.2% prefer IUD, 1.2% prefer condom (husband’s method) and 17.3% prefer injectable. In total, around 49.4% prefer an oral pill, 7.4% prefer IUD, 13.6% prefer condom and 29.6% prefer injectable. Women’s education, exposure to mass media, current work status husband’s working status, age of marriage, decision-making rights, religious restriction are the important determinants of contraceptive use among slum women.
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Rahman, Md Atiqur, M. Rahman, M. R. Siddiqui, and J. A. Zaman. "Contraceptive Practice of Married Women: Experience from a Rural Community of Bangladesh." Journal of Medicine 15, no. 1 (August 5, 2014): 09–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19852.
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Background: Bangladesh is a country having high density of population in the world. Its fertility rate ranges from 4.1 to 5.49. This study was conducted to investigate socio-demographic characteristics, type of used contraceptive method, reasons for non use of contraceptive methods and also the side effects due to use of contraceptive method among the married women in some villages of Keranigonj Upazila, Dhaka. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional survey was carried out among 240 married women of reproductive age from July to December, 2012 in some villages of Keranigonj, Upazila, Dhaka. Results: The mean age of the study population was 29±6.5 years with the mean age at marriage of 17.18±2.7 years. 73(31%) were practicing some methods of contraception, while 167 (69%) were not using it. OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill) was the commonest method of contraception followed by Condoms 12(5%), Injectable 12(5%), Implant 12(5%) & Tubectomy 6(3%). None was found using IUCD and Traditional method ( withdrawal, rhythm method ) and emergency contraceptive method. The use of contraceptives were more common in grand multipara (p<0.01), >35 years old ladies (p<0.05). No statistical association was found between the use of contraceptive method and educational status of the respondents and their husband. Non users of contraceptives in this study were 167 (69%) and the major reasons for the non use were intention to have more children 53(31.46%) followed by pressure from the husband 21(12.35%), prohibition by the religion 18 (10.9%) and desire for son 17 (10.11%). Among the 73 contraceptive users 38 (52%) experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The commonest side effects were menstrual irregularities 17(23.8%) followed by change in body weight 8(11.19%). Conclusion: Frequency of contraceptive use was found comparatively low among rural married women despite high level of awareness. Desire for larger family, religious concerns and fear of side effects were the main factors responsible for non users. Religious scholars must play their role in clarifying many aspects regarding contraceptives.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19852 J Medicine 2014; 15: 9-13
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Alayande, Audu, Bahijjatu Bello-Garko, Gregory Umeh, and Islamiyat Nuhu. "Access to contraceptives for adolescents in northern Nigeria – a cross-sectional study from three secondary health facilities in Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna." Gates Open Research 3 (May 29, 2019): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12968.1.
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Background: In 2015, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) noted that countries will need to meet the increasing demand for contraceptives by the over 600 million 15- to 19-year-olds around the world. Although the unmet need for contraception for Women of Child Bearing Age (WCBA) in Nigeria is 12.7%, the value is higher (35.3%) among adolescents aged 15 – 19 years. Additionally, the unmet need for family planning (FP) among WCBA in Kaduna state is 5.8%, with 33.3% of women aged 20-24 years in Kaduna reported to have had a live birth before the age of 18 years. This study sought to evaluate adolescent contraceptive use in three referral health facilities of Kaduna metropolis. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional desk review of 5543 FP clients that attended three referral centers between 2014 and 2016. Data on their age, parity and the use of contraceptives were collected from the clinic registers and analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: The FP client age ranged from 12 to 57 years, of which only 3.6% were adolescent. The annual proportion of adolescent contraceptive users ranged from 3.1 – 4.1%. More than 96% of the adolescents had given birth to at least one child. Around 62% of the adolescents used injectable contraceptives but there was no IUD use reported by any adolescent. Conclusions: The low proportion of adolescent contraceptive users and their limited choice of contraceptive methods, emanating from multiplicity of client and provider bias, calls for innovative interventions to meet the contraceptive needs of adolescents.
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Rifki, Muhammad, and Rosyadi Aziz Rahmat. "USE OF KB INJECTIONS FOR 3 MONTHS AT THE PUSKESMAS BALOI PERMAI, BATAM CITY." Zona Kedokteran: Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter Universitas Batam 11, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37776/zked.v11i1.531.
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Injectable birth control methods use medroxyprogesterone (a type of progestin) which is injected once or 3 months into the buttocks or upper arm muscles. This is very effective but can interfere with the menstrual cycle. The results of several studies conducted on injection family planning acceptors showed that the factors associated with injection contraceptive use were menstrual disorders 51.25%, 36.25% increase in body weight and an increase in blood pressure. Some of the results of studies conducted on injection contraceptive acceptors showed that factors which is associated with the use of injection contraceptives is the occurrence of menstrual disorders 51.25%, weight gain 36.25% and an increase in blood pressure 3.75% (Eiska, 2007). Method : The research objective was to determine the use of 3-month injection of family planning at the UPT Puskesmas Baloi Permai. The population of this study were mothers who used 3-month injection contraception. Sampling with purposive sampling technique. The number of samples is 98 respondents. Result :The univariate results obtained were more than half of the respondents who used 3-month injection contraception (57.1%). Conclusion : Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded as follows : The conclusion in this study was that 98 respondents obtained the results, namely, respondents who used injection contraceptives for 3 months with categories using as many as 92 people (93.9%
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Parra Ribes, Inmaculada, Juan José Rascón Poza, Ezequiel Pérez Campos, Ignacio Bugella Yudice, and Maria Jesús Rodríguez Domingo. "Economic Burden of Contraception Management in Spain." Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research 6, no. 1 (April 16, 2018): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36469/9785.
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Background: A wide variety of contraceptive methods are available, some of them reimbursed by the Spanish National Health System (SNHS). However, the number of unintended pregnancies (UP) is still significant, leading to a high economic burden, mainly derived from non-adherence to and the incorrect use of contraceptive methods. Objectives: This study aims to estimate the economic burden associated with reversible contraception management in Spain, from the perspectives of both the SNHS and women, over a 5-year period. Methods: A survey was performed to identify contraception management in Spain based on the experience of a panel of six expert gynecologists. An economic model was conducted to quantify the current burden of contraception according to healthcare resources use over 5 years. The costs included in the analysis were diagnostic tests, initial and follow-up consultations, methods acquisition costs, and UP derived from therapy failure. Results: Reversible contraception costs in Spain amount to €12.5 billion over a 5–year period. Condoms and combined oral contraceptives (COC) account for 86.8% of the total cost and the other methods only 13.2%. There are differences in contraceptive use according to women’s age. Short-acting reversible contraceptives (SARC) such as COC, condom and vaginal ring, are most commonly used by younger women. However, SARC are correlated with the highest failure rate, resulting in over €7.2 billion cost, explained by the high number of UP. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), such as the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS20), implant and copper intrauterine devices (IUD), are selected by women over 35 years of age due to user-independent compliance. SARC methods result in a higher cost per woman over 5 years: vaginal ring €2427.8, patch €2402.6, condom €2060.1 and COC €1895.1; while LARC methods are the most economic option per women: LNG-IUS20 €630.4, copper IUD €658.2, LNG-IUS12 €703.8, intramuscular injectable €907.8 and implant €940.5. Conclusions: LARC methods result in lower costs compared with SARC options from the perspectives of the SNHS and women, explained by user-independent compliance, preventing a significant number of UP and its elevated economic burden. An increased LARC methods use could avoid UP events, leading to significant cost-savings for the SNHS.
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Gebremedhin, Samson, and Anteneh Asefa. "Association between type of contraceptive use and haemoglobin status among women of reproductive age in 24 sub-Saharan Africa countries." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 45, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-200178.
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BackgroundLittle is known whether contraceptive methods differentially modify women’s risk of anaemia or not. We compared the haemoglobin status of women currently using different fertility regulation methods in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where anaemia is a major concern.MethodsWe conducted the study based on the secondary data of 24 nationally representative demographic and health surveys carried out recently in SSA. The data of 105 532 women were included in the analysis. In the original surveys, respondents were selected using multistage sampling techniques and haemoglobin was determined using the HemoCue analyser. The association between method of contraception and anaemia status was determined via a mixed-effects logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders. The outputs are presented using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI.ResultsThe mean (±SD deviation) haemoglobin was 12.3 (±1.7) g/dl and 36.7% of the women had anaemia. Current use of modern contraceptives, as compared with non-use, was associated with a 25% reduction (AOR=0.75 (95% CI: 0.73 to 0.78)) in the odds of anaemia. Comparison among individual modern methods showed, as compared with current barrier methods users, use of injectables (AOR=0.62 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.67)), oral contraceptive pills (OCP) (AOR=0.62 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.66)) and implants (AOR=0.63 (95% CI: 0.58 to 0.70)) were significantly associated with reduced odds of anaemia. With reference to women with less than 12 months of use, the odds were significantly reduced by about a quarter among women with more than 12 months of OCP or injectables use.ConclusionThe use of hormonal contraceptives is associated with lower odds of anaemia.
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K., Kruthika, and Chandra S. Metgud. "Knowledge score regarding contraceptive methods among married women in urban areas of Belagavi." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 4 (March 28, 2017): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171366.
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Background: Increase in population growth is one of the biggest problems faced from many developing countries including India. Contraception plays an important role to halt population growth but is one of the most deserted part of maternal and child health care. Even after India being the first country to launch the family planning programme still the prevalence of contraceptive use is low which in turn increases the maternal and infant mortality rate. Objectives: 1.To assesses the knowledge score regarding contraceptive methods. 2. To study the association between knowledge and practice of contraceptionMethods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 600 married women aged 15 to 44 years residing in three urban field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Belagavi. Information was collected using pretested, predesigned questionnaire and knowledge scoring was done. Results: In the present study, the prevalence of contraceptive use was 58.8%, among these 16.0% were condom user,18.9% were using IUCD, 4.3% using rhythm method, 3.3% using OCPs and 16.3% were practicing sterilization method. According to knowledge score, sterilization and Condom methods had the highest scores and injectables least. In general as the knowledge score increased, the practice of contraception also increased. Conclusions: By the results we can conclude that increase in knowledge regarding contraceptives will increase the usage. This can be done by proper counselling for both husband and wife and providing proper information regarding contraceptive by removing their blind beliefs.
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Rahman, Md Atiqur, Md Mahfuzar Rahman, and Jasmin Ara Zaman. "Contraceptive Practice Among the Married Women of Reproductive Age in the Garments Factory." KYAMC Journal 3, no. 2 (June 2, 2013): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i2.15168.
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Background: Bangladesh is a country having high density of population in the world. Its fertility rate ranges from 4.1 to 5.49 and life expectancy is 66years while the total fertility rate of Asia is 2.2 and life expectancy 70 years. This study was conducted to investigate the pattern of contraceptive practices among the married women of reproductive age in the garments factory. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional survey was carried out among 240 married women of reproductive age from January to June,2012 in the garments factory of Dhaka city . Data were collected on a pre-tested questionnaire by face to face interview. SPSS version 16 was used to analyzed the data. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant for inference. Results: The mean age of the study population was 29±6.5 years with the mean age at marriage of 17.18±2.7 years. 73(31%) were practicing some methods of contraception, while 167 (69%) were not using it. OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill) was the commonest method of contraception followed by Condoms 12(5%), Injectable 12(5%), Implant 12(5%) & Tubectomy 6(3%). None was found using IUCD and Traditional method ( withdrawal, rhythm method ) and emergency contraceptive method. The use of contraceptives were more common in grand multipara (p<0.01), >35 years old ladies (p<0.05). No statistical association was found between the use of contraceptive method and educational status of the respondents and their husband. Non users of contraceptives in this study were 167 (69%) and the major reasons for the non use were intention to have more children 53(31.46%) followed by pressure from the husband 21(12.35%), prohibition by the religion 18 (10.9%) and desire for son 17 (10.11%). Among the 73 contraceptive users 38 (52%) experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The commonest side effects were menstrual irregularities 17(23.8%) followed by change in body weight 8(11.19%). Conclusion: Frequency of contraceptive use was found comparatively low among garments workers despite high level of awareness. Desire for larger family, religious concerns and fear of side effects were the main factors responsible for non users. Religious scholars must play their role in clarifying many aspects regarding contraceptives. KYAMC Journal Vol. 3, No.-2, January 2013, Page 282-289 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i2.15168
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Schmidt-Hansen, Mia, James E. Hawkins, Jonathan Lord, Kelly Williams, Patricia A. Lohr, Elise Hasler, and Sharon Cameron. "Long-acting reversible contraception immediately after medical abortion: systematic review with meta-analyses." Human Reproduction Update 26, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmz040.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) are safe, effective and convenient post-abortal methods. However, there is concern that some LARCs may reduce the effectiveness of abortifacient drugs or result in other adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We undertook two systematic reviews to examine the early administration of LARCs in women undergoing medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol. (i) For women who are having a medical abortion and who plan to use a progestogen-only contraceptive implant or injectable, does administration of the contraception at the same time as mifepristone influence the efficacy of the abortion? (Implant/injectable review). (ii) For women who have had a medical abortion, how soon after expulsion of the products of conception is it safe to insert an intrauterine contraceptive device/system? (LNG-IUS/Cu-IUD review). SEARCH METHODS On 19 November 2018, we searched Embase Classic, Embase; Ovid MEDLINE(R) including Daily and Epub Ahead-of-Print, In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations; the Cochrane Library; Cinahl Plus; and Web of Science Core Collection. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), in English from 1985 (Implant/injectable review) or 2007 (LNG-IUS/Cu-IUD review) onwards, conducted in women undergoing medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol and studying either (i) simultaneous administration of mifepristone and a progestogen-only contraceptive implant or injectable compared to administration >24 h after mifepristone, or (ii) immediate insertion of intrauterine contraception after expulsion of the products of conception compared to early insertion (≤7 days) or to delayed insertion (>7 days) or early compared to delayed insertion. One author assessed the risk of bias in the studies using the Cochrane Collaboration checklist for RCTs. All the outcomes were analysed as risk ratios and meta-analysed in Review Manager 5.3 using the Mantel–Haenszel statistical method and a fixed-effect model. The overall quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. OUTCOMES Two RCTs (n = 1027) showed lower ‘subsequent unintended pregnancy’ rates and higher ‘patient satisfaction’ rates, and no other differences, after simultaneous administration of mifepristone and the implant compared to delayed administration. One RCT (n = 461) showed higher ‘patient satisfaction’ rates after simultaneous administration than after delayed administration of mifepristone and the injectable, but no other differences between these interventions. Three RCTs (n = 536) found no differences other than higher copper IUC uptake after early compared to delayed insertion at ≤9 weeks of gestation and higher rates of IUC expulsion, continuation and uptake after immediate compared to delayed insertion at 9+1–12+0 weeks of gestation and higher IUC continuation rates after immediate compared to delayed insertion at 12+1–20+0 weeks of gestation. The quality of this evidence ranged from very low to high and was mainly compromised by low event rates, high attrition and no blinding. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The contraceptive implant or injectable should be offered on the day of taking mifepristone. Intrauterine methods of contraception should be offered as soon as possible after expulsion of the pregnancy.
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Lima, Adman Câmara Soares, Larissa Castelo Guedes Martins, Marcos Venícios de Oliveira Lopes, Thelma Leite de Araújo, Francisca Elisângela Teixeira Lima, Priscila de Souza Aquino, and Escolástica Rejane Ferreira Moura. "Influence of hormonal contraceptives and the occurrence of stroke: integrative review." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 70, no. 3 (June 2017): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0056.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To identify scientific evidence regarding the influence of hormonal contraceptive use and the occurrence of stroke. Method: Integrative review of the literature, through database search using the descriptors "contraceptive agents", "contraceptive devices", "contraceptives, Oral" and "Stroke". Original studies in Portuguese, Spanish and English, published in full and available online were included. Studies that did not answer our guiding questions and duplicated studies were excluded. Results: Women using combined oral contraceptives have higher risk of stroke, even with a lower hormonal dosage and different types of progestogen, regardless of the duration of use. The use of contraceptives associated with smoking, hypertension, migraine, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and sedentary lifestyle increases the chance of stroke. Contraceptive patch and vaginal ring are associated to increased risk. Conclusion: Use of combined hormonal contraceptives, except for the injectable and the transdermal ones, increases the chance of occurrence of the event. Progestogen-only contraceptives were considered safe.
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Ardiani, Khoiriya, Eko Nursucahyo, Tjatur Prijambodo, and Muhammad Anas. "Comparison of Weidht Gain in Injectable Contraceptive 1-Month And 3-Month Acceptors at The Independent Midwife Practice Tambaksari Surabaya." MAGNA MEDICA: Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 7, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/magnamed.7.2.2020.63-69.
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Introduction: Injectable contraception is the most widely used type of contraception by Indonesian mothers because of its effective way of working, practical use, and lower price. However, in the use of injectable contraception, there are side effects, one of which is weight gain. Objective: To find out the differences in weight gain for 1-month and 3-months of injecting contraceptive acceptors. Method: This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted at the Independent Practice Midwife of Sri Retnaningtyas, Tambaksari District, Surabaya. The total sample is 110 respondents with a consecutive sampling technique. Data collection using medical records and statistical tests using independent sample t-test. Results: Analyzing the weight gain in the contraceptive injection acceptor that is the average injection of 1-month experienced of 2.16 kilograms and injections of 3-months experienced of 2.95 kilograms. The results of the independent t-test with a significance value of 0.039 (p <0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant difference in weight gain between 1-month and 3-months injective contraception acceptors, with the highest increase occurred in 3-months, injective contraceptive acceptors.
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Yusuf, Md Abdullah, Md Abul Quashem Chowdhury, Abu Naser Ibne Sattar, and Md Mostaqimur Rahman. "Evaluation of the Effect of Contraceptives on Prevalence of Candida Species on Vaginal Candidiasis in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 1, no. 2 (May 25, 2016): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v1i2.21511.
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This study was designed to find out the relationship between uses of different contraceptives and the prevalence of vaginal candidiasis. High vaginal swabs were obtained from 350 women in the age group of 15-45 years with vaginal discharge attending at Sir Salimullah Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, which comprised of 247 contraceptive users & 103 non-contraceptive users. A detailed clinical history and a thorough examination of all the cases were done. After making the clinical diagnosis, appropriate tests for diagnosing Candidiasis were done by using standard procedures. Of the 247 women of contraceptive users, Candida species was isolated in 140 (56.7%) cases compared to 32 (31.1%) from 103 non-contraceptive users (p value <0.001). Different species of Candida were isolated from 172 (49.1%) cases among 350 women of which C. albicans was found in 125 (72.7%) cases, C. glabrata in 29 (16.9%) cases, C. tropicalis in 13 (7.5%), and C. krusei in 5 (2.9%) cases. Among 173 oral contraceptive users, the isolation rate of Candida species was 120 (69.4%). This was followed by injectables (17, 12.2%) and IUCD (03, 2.1%) cases (p value <0.05). The study revealed a strong association between use of contraceptives and the prevalence of vaginal infection by Candida species of which C. albicans was the most common species (72.7%). Among all contraceptives, use of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) was found as the most common cause of vaginitis, next to which were injectables and IUCDs.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (02): 61-64
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Prihati, Dwi Retna, Paryono Paryono, and Wiwin Rohmawati. "EFFECT OF INJECTABLE COMBINATION ESTROGEN-PROGESTERON AND PROGESTERON-ONLY CONTRACEPTIVES ON GLUCOSE AND MALONDIALALDEHID SERUM." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS) 4, no. 2 (August 29, 2020): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29082/ijnms/2020/vol4/iss2/281.
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Injectable hormonal contraception has been the most favorable contraception method in Indonesia in 2013 and its number reaches 4,128,115 acceptors (48.56%). The estrogen and progesterone contents in injectable contraception could cause stress, increased appetite, decreased leptin level and insulin resistance, eventually leading to increased blood glucose and serum malondialaldehyde levels. This study aims to observe the main effect of use of combined estrogen-progesteron and only progesteron injectable hormonal contraceptions on glucose level in blood and malondialaldehyde (MDA) level in serum. This is an experimental laboratory study. It uses Randomized pre-post test group research design for glucose level and randomized post test with control for malondialaldehyde level. The data are analyzed using Anova. The significance value is p<0.01. 28 samples are divided into 7 groups and each group consists of 4 samples, namely one control group and 6 treatment groups consisting of P1 combined dose 0.54 mg, P2 combined dose 1.08 mg, P3 combined dose 1.62 mg, P4 DMPA dose 2.7 mg, P5 DMPA dose 5.4 mg, P6 DMPA dose 8.1 mg. Only DMPA contraception at 0.54 mg dose influences the blood glucose level increase by p = 0.00. Only DMPA contraception at 8.1 mg dose does not influence serum MDA level by p = 0.1. The conclusion is DMPA contraception has greater potential of causing blood glucose level increase than the combined contraception. Combined and DMPA contraceptions share the risk of increasing serum MDA level.
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Rahayu, Sri, Sri Rahayu, Siti Sundari, and Erni Widiyani. "Hubungan Lama Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Suntik Kombinasi Dengan Kadar Glukosa Darah Di Bpm “E” Kecamatan Purwosari, Pasuruan." SEAJOM: The Southeast Asia Journal of Midwifery 1, no. 1 (October 20, 2015): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36749/seajom.v1i1.52.
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Injectable is one of the most widely used contraceptives in Indonesia. Injectable contraceptive often causes the changes in blood glucose levels because it contains a steroid hormone with low anti-insulin. The use in the long term can even cause pancreatitis. Hormones in injectable contraceptive have opposite work against insulin. Insulin resistance causes pancreas to increasingly work harder to produce insulin. Over time the pancreas will not be able to function optimally and will have an impact on blood glucose levels.
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of the length of injectable contraceptive use to blood glucose levels among combined injectable acceptors. This study used cross sectional study design. The source of data was primary data with the respondents combined injectable acceptors in Privately Practising Midwife "E" at Purwosari Sub-district. The sampling technique was non probability sampling with a total sampling of 46 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis with chi-square. In this study, 41% of women were found to have high glucose levels (>125mg/dl). A total of 53.8% of women who used combined injectable contraceptive more than two years had blood glucose levels over 125 mg / dl, but from the results of the analysis, it showed that the length of contraceptive use was not statistically significant with blood glucose levels (p value 0.095). Therefore, injectable contraceptive used in the long term must be taken into account.
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Gebremedhin, Merhawi, Ayele Belachew, and Demeke Desta. "Determinants of modern contraceptive preference among mothers (15-49 years) in central zone, Tigray region, Ethiopia; qualitative study finding." International Journal of Medicine 5, no. 2 (July 13, 2017): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v5i2.7791.
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Contraceptive method choice is a fundamental indicator of quality of care in a family planning program. Contraceptive choice is one component of quality in family planning and offering minimum of three modern methods of contraceptives is a critical indicator. One-third of developing countries have many skewed method mixes, which is a risky for discontinuation, contraceptive dissatisfaction and unintended pregnancy. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of contraceptive is highly skewed, 76% for injectable. Therefore, the purpose of qualitative study was to assess determinants of modern contraceptive preference among reproductive age (15-49 years) in Central Zone of Tigray.Methodology: the study was conducted in the central zone of Tigray and community, and facility based qualitative cross-sectional study was applied. Six focus group discussion entails of reproductive age mothers and 15 In-depth Interview with health workers constitutes the sample. Data was first transcribed and then translated into English language. Open code software was applied to analyze data and data was coded segment by segment then categorized using thematic analysis to give meaning.Result: community’s awareness and acceptance to use modern contraceptives have improved from time to time. Contraceptive preference is determined by community acceptance, health care system problem, individual context and socio-cultural problem. For majority of respondents, preference to long acting contraceptive is mainly influenced by husband.Conclusion: currently, women are preferring short-acting contraceptive preferably injectable than long acting.Implanon is preferred next to injectable. A strong information, education and communication that address all portions of the population and able to change the community’s attitude should do at the grass root level.
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Sinaga, Elvina Sari. "HUBUNGAN PEMAKAIAN ALAT DAN OBAT KONTRASEPSI SUNTIKAN DENGAN GANGGUAN MENSTRUASI DI KLINIK NIRMALA." JURNAL KELUARGA SEHAT SEJAHTERA 16, no. 32 (December 30, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jkss.v16i32.11920.
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ABSTRACTAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO) there are nearly 380 million couples running Family planning. This research is a analttic survey with cross sectional design that is to know the relation of usage of contraception tool and contraception with menstrual disorder,sampling this research using accidental sampling that is sampling method by chance coincidence. In 85 out of 85 cases of mother using 1 month injection of polimenore/spooting injection were 50 cases (100%) while mothers using 3 Months of injectable amenorrhea (65,71%) had Spotted 12 case (34,29%) ini clinic Nirmala. Result of statistical test by using chi square test got p value =0,01<0,05 and X2 = 41,77 mean there is relation of tool usage and contraceptive injection drug with menstrual disorder 95% CI level equal to 1,84-4,61 meaning mothers who used injectable contraceptive devices 1-4 times experianced a menstrual disorder at the Nirmala ClinicKeyword: Contraceptive Injection, Medication
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Bakesiima, Ritah, Jolly Beyeza-Kashesya, James K. Tumwine, Rose Nabirye Chalo, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson, Amanda Cleeve, and Elin C. Larsson. "Effect of peer counselling on acceptance of modern contraceptives among female refugee adolescents in northern Uganda: A randomised controlled trial." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): e0256479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256479.
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Background The unmet need for contraceptives among refugee adolescents is high globally, leaving girls vulnerable to unintended pregnancies. Lack of knowledge and fear of side effects are the most reported reasons for non-use of contraceptives amongst refugee adolescents. Peer counselling, the use of trained adolescents to offer contraceptive counselling to fellow peers, has showed effectiveness in increasing use of contraceptives in non-refugee adolescent resarch. Objective To determine the effect of peer counselling on acceptance of modern contraceptives among female refugee adolescents in northern Uganda. Methods A randomised controlled trial carried out in Palabek refugee settlement in northern Uganda, May to July 2019. Adolescents were included if they were sexually active or in any form of union, wanted to delay child bearing, and were not using any contraceptives. A total of 588 consenting adolescents were randomised to either peer counselling or routine counselling, the standard of care. Results Adolescents who received peer counselling were more likely to accept a contraceptive method compared to those who received routine counselling (PR: 1·24, 95% CI: 1·03 to 1·50, p = 0·023). Adolescents whose partners had attained up to tertiary education were more likely to accept a method than those whose partners had secondary or less education (PR: 1·45, 95% CI: 1·02 to 2·06, p = 0·037). In both groups, the most frequently accepted methods were the injectable and implant, with the commonest reasons for non-acceptance of contraception being fear of side effects and partner prohibition. Conclusion Our data indicates that peer counselling has a positive effect on same day acceptance of modern contraceptives and should therefore be considered in future efforts to prevent adolescent pregnancies in refugee settings. Future peer counselling interventions should focus on how to effectively address adolescents’ fear of side effects and partner prohibition, as these factors continue to impede decision making for contraceptive uptake.
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Zafreen, Farzana, Md Mustafizur Rahman, Md Abdur Razzak, Md Habibur Rahman, and Md Abdul Wahab. "Prevalence of Contraceptive Used by Married Couples in Chattogram Hill Tracts." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 14, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v14i2.45889.
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Introduction: Bangladesh is a densely populated country with high fertility rate. Contraception is an essential method for reducing fertility rate. Use of contraceptive depends on couples’ socio-cultural, education and economic condition. Chattogram hill tract is the least economically developed area where, education and health care facilities are hard to reach.
Objectives: To find out the prevalence of contraceptive used bymarried couples of selected rural community of Khagrachari District.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from January to December 2017on 300married women age ranging from 15 to 45 years reported to outpatient department of Border Guard Hospital,Guimara,Khagrachari were selectedpurposively after informed written consent.All the necessary data were collected in a pretested structured questionnaire by face to face interview.
Results: Among the 300 respondents highest 42.7% was in age group of 15-25 years, 60% were married for more than 10 years, 38.3% were illiterate, 89.7% were housewives and 55.7% had monthly family income between five to ten thousands taka. Respondents’ ethnicity was Bengali 51.7%, Marma 18.3%, Tripura 18.7% and Chakma 34(11. 3%). About 53% respondents were using contraceptives among them95.6% were using temporary methods;60.4% oral contraceptive pill followed by injectable 15.8% and condom 9.4%. Barrier to contraceptives use was fear of side effects 21.9% followed by husbands’ non co-operation 24.9% and religious bar 22.7%.
Conclusion: Prevalence of contraceptive use in Chattogram Hill Tract is lower than the overall rate of the country. Appropriate measure should be taken to increase the contraceptive use rate so that total fertility can be controlled.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 120-122
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Abbe, Carmen, and Alison C. Roxby. "Assessing safety in hormonal male contraception: a critical appraisal of adverse events reported in a male contraceptive trial." BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 46, no. 2 (November 21, 2019): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-200206.
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IntroductionThere is unmet need for male contraceptive options, but a recent injectable combination male contraceptive trial was terminated early due to adverse events (AEs).MethodsWe examined the frequency of reported AEs by male research participants compared with AEs reported in prescribing information of approved female hormonal contraceptive methods. Published data from trials of the top five most-used female hormonal contraceptives, supplemented by contemporary contraceptive research, were compared with the frequency of AEs reported in a male injectable hormonal contraceptive trial.ResultsWe observed similar frequencies of AEs reported by users of male contraceptives compared with those reported by female users. Among quantitatively comparable AEs, compared with men, women reported experiencing higher frequencies of headaches, pelvic pain, and weight gain and similar frequencies of decreased libido. Compared with women, men reported experiencing higher frequencies of acne and mood changes. Men discontinued participation due to AEs at a lower frequency than women.ConclusionsFemale hormonal methods generally have similar frequencies of AEs to those reported in a recent male hormonal contraceptive trial, and male users had lower rates of discontinuation due to AEs. There were fewer serious AEs of the male contraceptive than reported in contemporary female trials which resulted in FDA licensure. This suggests there may be implicit bias in the scientific community regarding the level of acceptable risk for users of male contraceptive methods.
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Eisenach, Natalie, Mason Uvodich, Sharon Wolff, and Valerie French. "Initiation of Postpartum Contraception by 90 Days at a Midwest Academic Center." Kansas Journal of Medicine 13 (August 17, 2020): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.v13i.14564.
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Introduction. Contraception is a critical component of addressing the health needs of women in the postpartum period. We assessed contraception initiation by 90 days postpartum at a large, academic medical center in the Midwest.
Methods. In this retrospective cohort study, 299 charts were randomly sampled and 231 were analyzed from deliveries between May 1 to July 5, 2018. Contraceptive method, maternal demographics, and obstetric characteristics at hospital discharge were collected, as well as contraceptive method at the postpartum follow-up appointment. Methods and strata of contraception were categorized as follows: 1) highly effective methods (HEM) defined as sterilization, intrauterine device, or implant, 2) moderately effective methods (MEM) defined as injectable contraception, progestin-only pills, and combined estrogen/progestin pills, patches, and rings, and 3) less effective methods (LEM) defined as condoms, natural family planning, and lactational amenorrhea. Women lost to follow-up who had initiated a HEM or injectable contraception were coded as still using the method at 90 days. We used logistic regression to identity factors associated with HEM use.
Results. Of the 231 included patients, 118 (51%) received contraception before hospital discharge and 166 (83%) by 90 days postpartum. Postpartum visits were attended by 74% (171/231) of patients. Before hospital discharge, 28% (65/231) obtained a HEM and 41% (82/200) were using a HEM by 90 days postpartum. Patients obtaining HEM or injectable contraception before hospital discharge attended a follow-up visit less often than those who did not receive HEM before discharge (RR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54 - 0.86, p ≤ 0.01).
Conclusion. When readily available, many women will initiate contraception in the postpartum period. Health systems should work to ensure comprehensive access to contraception for women in the postpartum period.
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Ujah, Otobo I., Amaka N. Ocheke, Josiah T. Mutihir, Joseph Anejo Okopi, and Innocent A. O. Ujah. "Postpartum contraception: determinants of intention and methods of use among an obstetric cohort in a tertiary hospital in Jos, North Central Nigeria." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 12 (November 23, 2017): 5213. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175229.
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Background: Postpartum contraception reduces the risk of unintended and rapid repeat pregnancies. A comprehensive postpartum family planning (PPFP) service can enable women make adequate and informed choices on a preferred contraceptive method, initiating a method as well as encouraging them to use that method for a period depending on their reproductive intentions.Methods: This study aimed to determine women’s intention regarding uptake of postpartum family planning, the preferred methods and the factors associated with uptake. We conducted a cross-sectional study among women attending antenatal and postnatal clinics at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria using structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test of comparison.Results: Four hundred and five women participated in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 28.4+5.3 years. The previous contraceptive usage was 39.8%. A total of 262 (64%) women intend to use a method of postpartum contraception. The most preferred intended postpartum contraceptive was subdermal implant (19.2%) followed by injectables (18.4%) and intrauterine contraceptive device (14.7%). Reasons cited for nonuse of postpartum contraception include spousal refusal, effect on fertility, desire for further child bearing, religious beliefs.Conclusions: Counselling on postpartum contraception during the antenatal and postnatal period can help women make informed choices among the wide range of available contraception.
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Boog, Katie. "Managing the side effects of contraception." Practice Nursing 32, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2021.32.6.226.
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Side effects are the most common reason for the discontinuation of contraceptive methods. Dr Katie Boog summarises the available evidence on how to manage them Although often transient, side effects are the most common reason for individuals to discontinue contraception. The evidence to prove causality is limited, as is evidence-based guidance on how to manage these side effects. This article summarises the available evidence. For individuals who have new or worsening acne on progestogen-only contraception (POC), switching to combined hormonal contraception (CHC) is likely to improve their skin. Continuous or extended CHC use may be beneficial for individuals with premenstrual mood change, and for those who experience headaches in the hormone-free interval. Unpredictable bleeding patterns on POC are common. Injectable users can try reducing the interval between injections to 10 weeks. Implant, injectable or intrauterine system users can be offered a 3-month trial of a combined oral contraceptive pill (COC). CHC and POP users with unpredictable bleeding may benefit from switching to an alternative preparation.
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Susmini, Susmini. "HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN, JUMLAH ANAK DAN UMUR DENGAN PENGGUNAAN KONTRASEPSI SUNTIK." JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN 9, no. 2 (November 15, 2018): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33088/jmk.v9i2.310.
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KB formulated as an effort to increase awareness and public participation under theage limit of marriage, birth control, fostering family resilience, improving the welfare of thefamily to realize a small family happy and prosperous (BKKBN, 2011). The purpose of this studyto determine the relationship of Knowledge, Number of Children (Parity) and Age WithInjectable Contraceptive Use In Puskesmas Megang District of North Lubuklinggau IILubuklinggau 2014. This study used a survey method with cross sectional Analytical. With atotal population of 325 people. Sampling by means of random sampling. The respondents are allover acceptors in Puskesmas Megang District of North Lubuklinggau II Lubuklinggau 2014totaling 65 people. From the research of 65 respondents obtained knowledge with the use ofinjectable contraceptives, respondents Knowledge obtained the highest results wereknowledgeable enough respondents was 25 (38.5%) of respondents. From the research of 65respondents Number of respondents children obtained the highest results that respondents withthe number of children a little ≤ 2 there were 33 (50.8%) of respondents who use injectablecontraceptives. From the research of 65 respondents to the Age of respondents obtained thehighest results were age with low risk (age 20-35 years) amounted to 49 (75.4%) of respondentswho use injectable contraceptives. From the results of bivariate analysis showed no significantrelationship between knowledge and injectable contraceptives p value = 0.131, the results of thebivariate also showed no significant relationship between the number of children with CICs pvalue = 0.329 and the results of the bivariate also showed a significant relationship between ageCICs with p value = 0,040. Results of this research are expected to be a driving force for healthworkers, especially Puskesmas Megang District of North Lubuklinggau II Lubuklinggau toprovide education on contraception mamfaat to adjust the spacing births.