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1

Sunjaya, Angela Felicia, and Anthony Paulo Sunjaya. "Contraceptive Vaccines and Pregnancy Prevention." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 8 (2018): 6077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12627.

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According to WHO, 80 million pregnancies each year are unintended and 45 million undergo abortion. There remains a continuing need for effective long-term contraceptives with minimal side effects. Contraceptive Vaccines (CV) thus provides an attractive solution due to its periodic intake, high specificity, reversibility and minimal side effects. This review aims to evaluate the potential of contraceptive vaccines for pregnancy prevention based on journal articles obtained from PubMed, Elsevier Clinical Key and Google Scholar. CV works by using the body’s own immune system to target molecules w
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2

Alexander, NJ, and G. Bialy. "Contraceptive vaccine development." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 6, no. 3 (1994): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9940273.

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Recent advances in antigen definition and production have made the development of a contraceptive vaccine more attainable. Such a vaccine must evoke an immune response that blocks an indispensable step in the reproductive process. Vaccine research involves many approaches to fertility prevention. Vaccines are being developed that could interrupt fertility by inhibition of gonadotrophin release, the function of follicle-stimulating hormone or the effects of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG); alternatively, they may prevent fertilization by interfering with the transport of spermatozoa or with
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3

Naz, Rajesh K. "Contraceptive Vaccines." Drugs 65, no. 5 (2005): 593–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00003495-200565050-00002.

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4

Aiken, R. J., M. Paterson, and P. Thillai Koothan. "Contraceptive vaccines." British Medical Bulletin 49, no. 1 (1993): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072608.

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5

McLaughlin, Eileen A., Michael K. Holland, and R. John Aitken. "Contraceptive vaccines." Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 3, no. 5 (2003): 829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14712598.3.5.829.

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6

NAMLI KALEM, Müberra, Aydın KÖŞÜŞ, Nermin KÖŞÜŞ, Ziya KALEM, and Ayla AÇAR ESER. "Contraceptive Vaccines: Review." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 26, no. 1 (2016): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/gynobstet.2014-41152.

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7

Jones, Warren R. "5 Contraceptive vaccines." Baillière's Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 10, no. 1 (1996): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3552(96)80063-0.

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8

Faruck, Mohammad O., Prashamsa Koirala, Jieru Yang, Michael J. D’Occhio, Mariusz Skwarczynski, and Istvan Toth. "Polyacrylate-GnRH Peptide Conjugate as an Oral Contraceptive Vaccine Candidate." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 7 (2021): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13071081.

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Contraceptive vaccines are designed to elicit immune responses against major components of animal reproductive systems. These vaccines, which are most commonly administered via injection, typically target gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). However, the need to restrain animals for treatment limits the field applications of injectable vaccines. Oral administration would broaden vaccine applicability. We explored contraceptive vaccine candidates composed of GnRH peptide hormone, universal T helper PADRE (P), and a poly(methylacrylate) (PMA)-based delivery system. When self-assembled into nan
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9

Suri, Anil. "Contraceptive vaccines targeting sperm." Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 5, no. 3 (2005): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14712598.5.3.381.

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10

suri, anil. "sperm-based contraceptive vaccines: current status, merits and development." Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 7, no. 18 (2005): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1462399405009877.

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at the present growth rate, the world population is estimated to reach a phenomenal 8.9 billion people by the year 2050, posing a great risk of overpopulation. therefore, new strategies of contraception are required. a novel contraceptive strategy that is receiving considerable attention is that of immunocontraception. spermatozoa have proteins that are unique, cell specific, immunogenic and accessible to antibodies. the targeting of antibodies to gamete-specific antigens implicated in sperm function, sperm–egg binding and fertilisation could block sperm binding and thus fertilisation. the pre
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11

Nair, Smitha S., and Rajesh Kalarivayil. "“Saved a Generation”." Asian Journal of Social Science 45, no. 1-2 (2017): 126–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04501006.

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The last three decades have witnessed campaigns in India by the women’s health movement against provider-controlled contraceptives, i.e., long-acting contraceptives, non-surgical sterilisation and anti-fertility vaccines. These campaigns are examined to understand and analyse the engagement of women’s groups with contraceptive technology in opposing the entry of these contraceptives into the Family Planning Programme (FPP) of the country. The rise of social movements challenging scientific knowledge and scientific institutions is attributed to the “scientisation” of politics; however, we argue
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12

Rutberg, Allen T., and Ricky E. Naugle. "Population-level effects of immunocontraception in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)." Wildlife Research 35, no. 6 (2008): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07128.

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In North America, dense populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in suburbs, cities and towns have stimulated a search for new population-management tools. Most research on deer contraception has focused on the safety and efficacy of immunocontraceptive vaccines, but few studies have examined population-level effects. We report here results from two long-term studies of population effects of the porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraceptive vaccine, at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, and at Fire Island National Seashor
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13

Frommeyer, Timothy C., Tongfan Wu, Michael M. Gilbert, Garrett V. Brittain, and Stephen P. Fuqua. "Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Following an mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination and Recent Oral Contraceptive Use." Life 13, no. 2 (2023): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13020464.

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Rising concerns of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and other forms of venous thromboembolism have been associated with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. Adverse effects with vector-based vaccines are well documented in the literature, while less is known about the mRNA vaccines. This report documents a case of CVST in a 32-year-old female patient who received her second Pfizer mRNA COVID-19 vaccination 16 days prior to hospital admission and had started oral combined contraceptives approximately 4 months beforehand. Clinicians should be cognizant of the possibility that mRNA vaccines, when
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14

Delves, Peter J. "The development of contraceptive vaccines." Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 11, no. 9 (2002): 1225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543784.11.9.1225.

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15

Aldhous, P. "A booster for contraceptive vaccines." Science 266, no. 5190 (1994): 1484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.7985014.

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16

Fagerstone, Kathleen A., Lowell A. Miller, John D. Eisemann, Jeanette R. O'Hare, and James P. Gionfriddo. "Registration of wildlife contraceptives in the United States of America, with OvoControl and GonaCon immunocontraceptive vaccines as examples." Wildlife Research 35, no. 6 (2008): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07166.

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Overabundant wildlife populations have the potential to adversely affect wildlife habitats or pose risks to human health and safety through disease transmission and collisions with vehicles and aircraft. Traditional methods for reducing overabundant wildlife, such as hunting and trapping, are often restricted or infeasible in urban and suburban areas. Additional management options are needed. For the past 15 years, scientists with the US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Wildlife Services’ National Wildlife Research Center have been developing and testing contraceptive agents. This research h
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17

Gray, Meeghan E., David S. Thain, Elissa Z. Cameron, and Lowell A. Miller. "Multi-year fertility reduction in free-roaming feral horses with single-injection immunocontraceptive formulations." Wildlife Research 37, no. 6 (2010): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09175.

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Context. Contraception is increasingly used as a management technique to reduce fertility in wildlife populations; however, the feasibility of contraceptive formulations has been limited until recently because they have required multiple treatments to achieve prolonged infertility. Aims. We tested the efficacy and evaluated potential side effects of two contraceptive formulations, a porcine zona pellucida (PZP) formulation, SpayVac® and a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) formulation GonaCon-B™, in a population of free-roaming feral horses (Equus caballus). Both formulations were develope
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18

Gray, Meeghan E., David S. Thain, Elissa Z. Cameron, and Lowell A. Miller. "Corrigendum to: Multi-year fertility reduction in free-roaming feral horses with single-injection immunocontraceptive formulations." Wildlife Research 38, no. 3 (2011): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09175_co.

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Context. Contraception is increasingly used as a management technique to reduce fertility in wildlife populations; however, the feasibility of contraceptive formulations has been limited until recently because they have required multiple treatments to achieve prolonged infertility. Aims. We tested the efficacy and evaluated potential side effects of two contraceptive formulations, a porcine zona pellucida (PZP) formulation, SpayVac� and a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) formulation GonaCon-B?, in a population of free-roaming feral horses (Equus caballus). Both formulations were develope
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19

Fraker, Mark A., and Robert G. Brown. "Efficacy of SpayVac® is excellent: a comment on Gray et al. (2010)." Wildlife Research 38, no. 6 (2011): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11079.

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In reporting the results of a trial of contraceptive vaccines in wild horses, Gray et al. (2010) misidentified one of the vaccines as SpayVac®, a porcine zona pellucida (pZP) vaccine that owes its typically very high efficacy to a special DepoVax® liposome technology. We believe that the absence of DepoVax® liposomes ought to have been considered as a possible explanation for the unexpectedly low efficacy that was observed.
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20

Jayaraman, K. S. "Contraceptive Vaccines: Trials in India launched." Nature 323, no. 6090 (1986): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/323661a0.

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21

Naz, Rajesh K. "REVIEW ARTICLE: Status of Contraceptive Vaccines." American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 61, no. 1 (2008): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00663.x.

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22

Kirkpatrick, Jay F., Robin O. Lyda, and Kimberly M. Frank. "Contraceptive Vaccines for Wildlife: A Review." American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 66, no. 1 (2011): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01003.x.

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23

Rutberg, Allen, Kayla Grams, John W. Turner Jr, and Heidi Hopkins. "Contraceptive efficacy of priming and boosting doses of controlled-release PZP in wild horses." Wildlife Research 44, no. 2 (2017): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16123.

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Context At some sites, wild horse populations have been effectively and non-invasively regulated using remote darting with porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraceptive vaccines. However, this model has not been widely applied to wild horse herds in western USA, many of which are difficult to access because they roam large areas and are wary of people. Single-treatment, multi-year contraceptive vaccines would significantly broaden the scope for successful contraceptive management. Aims The aims of the present field studies were to (1) test the contraceptive effectiveness and longevity of pr
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24

Chen, Xuemei, Xiaodong Liu, Xiuhua Ren, Xuewu Li, Li Wang, and Weidong Zang. "Discovery of human posterior head 20 (hPH20) and homo sapiens sperm acrosome associated 1 (hSPACA1) immunocontraceptive epitopes and their effects on fertility in male and female mice." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 4 (2016): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd14134.

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The key goals of immunocontraception research are to obtain full contraceptive effects using vaccines administered to both males and females. Current research concerning human anti-sperm contraceptive vaccines is focused on delineating infertility-related epitopes to avoid autoimmune disease. We constructed phage-display peptide libraries to select epitope peptides derived from human posterior head 20 (hPH20) and homo sapiens sperm acrosome associated 1 (hSPACA1) using sera collected from infertile women harbouring anti-sperm antibodies. Following five rounds of selection, positive colonies we
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25

Skinner, S. M., S. V. Prasad, T. M. Ndolo, and B. S. Dunbar. "Zona Pellucida Antigens: Targets for Contraceptive Vaccines." American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 35, no. 3 (1996): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00026.x.

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26

Remy, J. J., L. Abdennebi, L. Couture, V. Bozon, E. Pajot, and R. Salesse. "Contraceptive vaccines based on gonadotropin hormone receptors." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 34, no. 1 (1997): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0378(97)90389-2.

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27

Herr, John Christian. "Update on sperm antigen-based contraceptive vaccines." Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 22, no. 3 (2002): 503–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8561(02)00005-x.

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28

Mia, Abdus Salam. "Overview: Contraceptive Vaccines for Humans and Animals." Current Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 2, no. 3 (1992): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543776.2.3.201.

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29

Gupta, S. K., S. Choudhury, P. Suman, et al. "Contraceptive vaccines for human and animal utility." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 86, no. 1 (2010): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2010.06.047.

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30

Naz, Dr Rajesh K. "Contraceptive Vaccines: Success, Status, and Future Perspective." American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 66, no. 1 (2011): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.00999.x.

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31

Hardy, Christopher M., Gavin Clydesdale, Karen J. Mobbs, et al. "Assessment of contraceptive vaccines based on recombinant mouse sperm protein PH20." Reproduction 127, no. 3 (2004): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00016.

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Mouse PH20 (mPH20), the mouse homologue to guinea pig hyaluronidase protein PH20 (gpPH20), was used to produce contraceptive vaccines that target both sexes of mice. Previously, immunization with a female gamete antigen (the zona pellucida subunit 3 protein) delivered in a recombinant murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), or as a purified recombinant protein, has been shown to induce infertility in female mice. There is evidence, however, that sperm protein antigens could provide broader contraceptive coverage by affecting both males and females, and the most promising has been gpPH20 when tested in
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32

A. S., Dhama, Chakraborty, et al. "Role of Antisperm Antibodies in Infertility, Pregnancy, and Potential forContraceptive and Antifertility Vaccine Designs: Research Progress and Pioneering Vision." Vaccines 7, no. 3 (2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030116.

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Sperm of humans, non-human primates, and other mammalian subjects is considered to be antigenic. The effect of changes in autoimmunity on reproductive cells such as spermatozoa and oocytes play a critical but indistinct role in fertility. Antisperm antibodies (ASAs) are invariably present in both females and males. However, the degree of ASA occurrence may vary according to individual and gender. Although the extent of infertility due to ASAs alone is yet to be determined, it has been found in almost 9–12% of patients who are infertile due to different causes. Postcoital presence of spermatozo
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33

Sharma, Dibya, and Ramchandra Kafle. "An exploratory study on knowledge and practice regarding family planning and immunization among women attending MCH clinic." International Journal of Scientific Reports 3, no. 6 (2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20172507.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Globally, an estimated 300,000 maternal deaths occur annually owing to causes associated with pregnancy, of which nearly 75% were preventable. Each year, modern contraceptives help women prevent 215,000 pregnancy-related deaths (including 66,000 from unsafe abortions), 2.7 million infant deaths and the loss of 60 million years of healthy life. Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective health interventions available, saving millions of children from illness, disability and death each year. The burden of infectious diseases h
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34

Tung, KS, YH Lou, AM Luo, and J. Ang. "Contraceptive vaccine assessment based on a murine ZP3 mini-autoantigen." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 6, no. 3 (1994): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9940349.

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A summary is presented of published and some unpublished observations from studies on the immunological response of mice to a 13-mer peptide of the murine ovarian zona pellucida glycoprotein ZP3. The findings have the following implications for the design of immunocontraceptive vaccines. To be reversible, a ZP3 vaccine must not contain pathogenic T cell epitopes of ZP3, but contraception without autoimmune oophoritis may be feasible. The immune response to the ZP3 mini-autoantigen is highly variable among inbred mouse strains, suggesting that a single oophoritogenic peptide would not achieve i
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35

Gupta, Satish Kumar. "Wildlife population management are contraceptive vaccines a feasible proposition." Frontiers in Bioscience 9, no. 3 (2017): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/s492.

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36

Milstien, Julie, P. David Griffin, and J.-W. Lee. "Damage to immunisation programmes from misinformation on contraceptive vaccines." Reproductive Health Matters 3, no. 6 (1995): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-8080(95)90155-8.

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37

Lemons, Angela R., and Rajesh K. Naz. "Contraceptive Vaccines Targeting Factors Involved in Establishment of Pregnancy." American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 66, no. 1 (2011): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01001.x.

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38

Stöhr, K., and F. X. Meslin. "Zoonoses and fertility control in wildlife—requirements for vaccines." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 9, no. 1 (1997): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r96055.

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This paper reflects on public health considerations on the voluntary release of anti-fertility vaccines for wildlife in the environment. The World Health Organization (WHO) has established a variety of recommendations on safety and efficacy requirements for the voluntary release of rabies vaccines used for oral immunization of animals. These requirements cover aspects of control of rabies and possible biological consequences in the target population. They also deal with the protection of the health of humans and other non-target species that might come into contact with the different oral rabi
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39

Vasetska, A. "Non-surgical methods of regulation reproductive function and contraception males of domestic animals." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 3 (2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas3-3.09.

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The regulation of male reproductive function today is not limited to surgical castration; there are many other methods of controlling reproductive function. Non-surgical methods of controlling male reproductive function can be reversible and not reversible, i.e., reproductive function is preserved or completely suppressed. Castration of males or orchiectomy leads to irreversible sterility of the male, when the male completely loses the ability to reproduce. This operation can also entail some side effects: obesity, underdevelopment of the external genital organs, an increased risk of diabetes
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&NA;. "Are anti-hCG contraceptive vaccines heading in the wrong direction?" Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 960 (1994): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199409600-00007.

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41

Asano, Makoto. "The Potential of Contraceptive Vaccines in Management of Wildlife Populations." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 153 (September 2022): 103699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2022.103699.

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42

Gupta, Satish K., N. Gupta, P. Suman, et al. "Zona pellucida-based contraceptive vaccines for human and animal utility." Journal of Reproductive Immunology 88, no. 2 (2011): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2011.01.011.

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Gupta, Satish Kumar, Abhinav Shrestha, and Vidisha Minhas. "Milestones in contraceptive vaccines development and hurdles in their application." Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 10, no. 4 (2013): 911–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.27202.

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44

Levy, Julie K. "Contraceptive Vaccines for the Humane Control of Community Cat Populations." American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 66, no. 1 (2011): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01005.x.

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45

Rao, A. Jagannadha. "Is there a role for contraceptive vaccines in fertility control?" Journal of Biosciences 26, no. 4 (2001): 425–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02704744.

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46

Vasetska, A. "Emergency contraception using progestin drugs in domestic cats." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 2 (2020): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas3-2.01.

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Today, in conditions of strict quarantine, when it is not always possible to carry out surgery in cats, some methods of emergency drug contraception can be used. Over the years, many contraceptive medications have been developed for companion animals, but many secondary adverse effects have limited their use. However, in all species, the secondary adverse effects of progesterone-type drugs limit their use and vary depending on when treatment is given in relationship to the stage of the estrous cycle. An ideal non-surgical sterilant would be safe, effective, permanent, administered as a single
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47

Rutberg, Allen T., Ricky E. Naugle, John W. Turner, Mark A. Fraker, and Douglas R. Flanagan. "Field testing of single-administration porcine zona pellucida contraceptive vaccines in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)." Wildlife Research 40, no. 4 (2013): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12117.

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Context Many contraceptive agents have demonstrated effectiveness in wild species, most notably immunocontraceptives such as GnRH conjugates and porcine zona pellucida (PZP). The major challenge in using these agents to control deer and other wildlife populations in the field now lies with safe, effective and efficient delivery to a large-enough proportion of the population to suppress growth. Aims Because deer and other wildlife are typically difficult to access for treatment, contraceptives that require multiple or repeated treatments will be of limited management value. To address this cons
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48

Chamley, L. W., A. Wagner, and A. N. Shelling. "120. SPRASA A POTENTIAL CONTRACEPTIVE VACCINE TARGET?" Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 9 (2010): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb10abs120.

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A number of attempts have been made to develop immunocontraceptive vaccines for use in humans or animals. We have reported the discovery of a sperm-specific protein, SPRASA, as the antigen for antisperm antibodies in some infertile men [1]. More recently we found that SPRASA is also expressed by oocytes. The expression of SPRASA by both sperm and oocytes makes it a potential target for an immunocontraceptive vaccine that might function in both males and females. We undertook this study to investigate whether immunising mice against SRPASA would affect fertility. Ethical approval was obtained f
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Killian, Gary, David Thain, Nancy K. Diehl, Jack Rhyan, and Lowell Miller. "Four-year contraception rates of mares treated with single-injection porcine zona pellucida and GnRH vaccines and intrauterine devices." Wildlife Research 35, no. 6 (2008): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07134.

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We evaluated the multiyear contraceptive efficacy of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) vaccine GonaCon, the porcine zona pellucida (PZP) vaccine SpayVac and the human intrauterine device (IUD) 380 Copper ‘T’ in mustang mares provided by the State of Nevada. Eight untreated control mares were compared with 12 mares treated with SpayVac, 16 mares treated with GonaCon and 15 mares treated with the copper-containing IUD. Rates of contraception for Years 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively for SpayVac were 100% (12 of 12), 83% (10 of 12), 83% (10 of 12) and 83% (10 of 12), rates for GonaCon were 94
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50

Naz, Rajesh K. "Antisperm Contraceptive Vaccines: Where We Are and Where We Are Going?" American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 66, no. 1 (2011): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01000.x.

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