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Journal articles on the topic 'Contract analysis'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lange, Jeff, Eric A. Wiening, and Donald Malecki. "Insurance Contract Analysis." Journal of Risk and Insurance 61, no. 2 (June 1994): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/253721.

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2

Alisa Ahmad, Azlin, Mat Noor Mat Zain, and Nur Diyana Amanina Zakaria. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SMART CONTRACTS AND ISLAMIC CONTRACTS." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11859.

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A smart contract is a computer protocol contract of which its innovation rooted from the traditional contract. However, Sharia-compliant transaction necessitates a contract to fulfils all pillars of Islamic contracts in order smart contract can be accepted as an innovation of Islamic contracts. Thus, this paper aims to make a comparison between Islamic contracts and smart contract on blockchain. This paper is a qualitative research by adopting content analysis method to analyze some related topics. The pillars of Islamic contract are compared with the smart contract to ensure whether the smart contract follows the guidelines of Islamic contract or vice versa. The analysis shows that smart contract does not entirely comply with the Islamic principles of a contract. Even though smart contract generally has three pillars of Islamic contract but in details, it does not comply with the Sharia principles. By comparing between the pillars of Islamic contract and smart contract on blockchain, it shows that smart contract on blockchain is not underline with the Islamic contracts pillars. Contracting parties participate in the smart contract does not recognize each other that can be lead to gharar. Meanwhile, every transaction in the smart contract allows prohibited subject matters such as illegal drugs, weapons where as it is not allowed in Islamic contracts transactions.
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3

Abdul Manap, Norhoneydayatie, Tze Chin Ong, and Farhah Abdullah. "REMEDY FOR MISREPRESENTATION IN CONTRACTS: A CASE ANALYSIS IN MALAYSIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12019.

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Misrepresentation is a false statement made by one party which affects the other partys decision to agree to a contract. The act of misrepresentation nullifies the free consent of the contracting party to enter the contract, and that party is entitled to remedy. In Malaysia, the act of misrepresentation in contract is governed by section 18, Contracts Act 1950, whereas the remedy is provided for under sections 65 and 66, Contracts Act 1950. Based on this provision, the remedy given in cases of misrepresentation is contract rescission. However, based on previous court decisions, the remedy of contract rescission and rescission and damages have both been awarded by the courts. The objective of this article is to provide an analytical and critical case-by-case analysis of misrepresentation in contract, specifically regarding the remedies awarded by the court. The analysis of these cases found that there are court decisions where the court had awarded the remedy of contract rescission, and other cases where the court awarded contract rescission together with damages. The remedy expressly provided for in the Contracts Act 1950 is, however, contract rescission. This situation may cause confusion as the effects of each remedy are different. It is also submitted that the provisions in the Contracts Act 1950 should be reviewed to ensure their suitability with the application of misrepresentation laws in Malaysia.
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4

GOVERNATORI, GUIDO, and ZORAN MILOSEVIC. "A FORMAL ANALYSIS OF A BUSINESS CONTRACT LANGUAGE." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 15, no. 04 (December 2006): 659–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843006001529.

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This paper presents a formal system for reasoning about violations of obligations in contracts. The system is based on the formalism for the representation of contrary-to-duty obligations. These are the obligations that take place when other obligations are violated as typically applied to penalties in contracts. The paper shows how this formalism can be mapped onto the key policy concepts of a contract specification language, called Business Contract Language (BCL), previously developed to express contract conditions for run time contract monitoring. The aim of this mapping is to establish a formal underpinning for this key subset of BCL.
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5

Norman, Gethin, and Vitaly Shmatikov. "Analysis of probabilistic contract signing1." Journal of Computer Security 14, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 561–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcs-2006-14604.

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6

Wils, W. "Beginning to understand contract analysis." Journal of Dental Education 60, no. 4 (April 1996): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.1996.60.4.tb03038.x.

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7

Arumugam, N., M. A. Fatimah, E. F. C. Eddie FC Chiew, and M. Zainalabidin. "Supply chain analysis of fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV): Prospects of contract farming." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 56, No. 9 (September 21, 2010): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/30/2009-agricecon.

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The paper examines the factors that lead farmers to participate in c the contract farming in the Peninsular Malaysia. The primary data was collected through a survey using a questionnaire on the total of two hundred and eight farmers from various states in Malaysia. The study utilizes the stratified sampling method. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The survey identified forty-one contract farmers. Factor analysis was carried out to identify the factors that lead farmers to participate in the contract farming. Based on the analysis, five factors were identified as the reasons for contracting, namely, market stability, and access to marketing information and technology, transfer of technology to improve farming practices, access to inputs and indirect benefit. Contract farming or contract arrangements can be a valuable source of an additional income and knowledge that can be employed to enhance the productivity of the entire farming enterprise.
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8

Beuve, Jean, Marian W. Moszoro, and Stéphane Saussier. "Political contestability and public contract rigidity: An analysis of procurement contracts." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 28, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 316–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jems.12268.

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9

Rich, Robert, and Joseph Tracy. "Early Contract Renegotiation: An Analysis of US Labor Contracts, 1970–1995." Journal of Labor Economics 31, no. 4 (October 2013): 825–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/669965.

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10

Teegerstrom, Trent, Gerard D’Souza, Phillip Osborne, and Kezelee Jones. "To Contract or Not to Contract? A Decision Theory and Portfolio Analysis of Cattle Contract Grazing." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 26, no. 2 (October 1997): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500002677.

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Contract grazing is compared with retained ownership of cattle using two frameworks—decision theory and portfolio analysis. The study area is West Virginia. Contracting is optimal under a wide range of price and weather scenarios and decision criteria. It also dominates other alternatives based on labor efficiency measures. The optimal portfolio consists of contract grazing and pasture rental, with the results insensitive to small changes in contract grazing returns. The decision theory and portfolio analyses are complementary; together, the two sets of results provide a comprehensive view of the optimal production alternative. Because different agents employ different decision criteria, this approach can increase the utility of results to decision makers and contribute to better decisions.
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11

Farimani, Fazel M., Xiaoyi Mu, Hamed Sahebhonar, and Ali Taherifard. "An economic analysis of Iranian petroleum contract." Petroleum Science 17, no. 5 (July 31, 2020): 1451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12182-020-00486-2.

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Abstract Following three generations of buyback contracts, the new model of Iranian petroleum contracts (IPC) was introduced by the Iranian cabinet to incentivize investments in the country. This paper analyzes the fiscal terms of the contract with technical information from one of the candidate fields for licensing. The financial simulation shows that, in general, the IPC resembles more a service contract than a production sharing contract as the contractor’s take is relatively low—below 5% across different scenarios of crude oil price. Second, the IPC is progressive in that as the overall profitability of the project improves the government takes an increasing share of the economic rent. The results are confirmed in a sensitivity analysis of each party’s profitability and takes on oil price, CAPEX, OPEX and the fee.
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12

Elifneh, Yohannes Workeaferahu. "Exploratory Analysis of Contract Farming: Evidence from Ethiopia’s Barley Contract Farming." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 9, no. 3 (July 14, 2019): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.3.21.

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13

Cao, Wujun, Peiying He, and Jinfeng Wang. "Construction and analysis of contract feasible set under quantity‐discount contract." Kybernetes 37, no. 9/10 (October 17, 2008): 1227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03684920810907490.

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14

Mazé, Armelle. "Retailers' branding strategies: Contract design, organisational change and learning." Journal on Chain and Network Science 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2002): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2002.x016.

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This article analyses the recent development by some large retailers in France of dedicated Quality Supply Chains for their food products. The major contractual innovation rests on the design of tripartite contracts between a retailer, agro-food firms and farmers' associations. In contrast to mainstream contract literature, we demonstrate that contract adaptations may reflect a mutual learning process between contractors: why do transactors write explicit contracts that they know cannot be court enforced? Empirical data are based on the joint analysis of a full set of contracts between one retailer and all its beef suppliers, and their diachronic evolution before and after the BSE crisis (the period 1993-2000). Contract design and organisational changes at the retailer level are shown to be strongly interrelated.
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15

Hillman, Robert A. "Court Adjustment of Long-Term Contracts: An Analysis under Modern Contract Law." Duke Law Journal 1987, no. 1 (February 1987): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1372502.

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16

Kalnins, A. "Relationships and Hybrid Contracts: An Analysis of Contract Choice in Information Technology." Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 20, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewh030.

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17

Verma, Ayush Kumar. "The Legal Viability of “Non Pregnancy Clauses” in Film Contract - Legal Analysis." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 1004–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17024.

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18

Utkin, Lev V., Frank P. A. Coolen, and Sergey V. Gurov. "Imprecise inference for warranty contract analysis." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 138 (June 2015): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.01.011.

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19

Lindsay, Keisha. "The Racial Contract: a feminist analysis." Politics, Groups, and Identities 3, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 524–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2015.1059349.

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20

Dimachkie Masri, Maysoun, Bernardo Ramirez, Cristina Popescu, and Ed Michael Reggie. "Contract research organizations: an industry analysis." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 6, no. 4 (November 23, 2012): 336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506121211283226.

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21

Backes, Michael, Anupam Datta, Ante Derek, John C. Mitchell, and Mathieu Turuani. "Compositional analysis of contract-signing protocols." Theoretical Computer Science 367, no. 1-2 (November 2006): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2006.08.039.

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22

Federgruen, Awi, Upmanu Lall, and A. Serdar Şimşek. "Supply Chain Analysis of Contract Farming." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 21, no. 2 (April 2019): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2018.0735.

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23

Chadha, Rohit, Steve Kremer, and Andre Scedrov. "Formal Analysis of Multiparty Contract Signing." Journal of Automated Reasoning 36, no. 1-2 (January 19, 2006): 39–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10817-005-9019-5.

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24

Ali, Jabir, and Sushil Kumar. "Understanding the contract structure for mango and empirical analysis of its determinants." British Food Journal 117, no. 8 (August 3, 2015): 2161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2014-0435.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the structure of contractual arrangements in mango orchards and factors affecting the mango contract design in India. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on personal structured questionnaire survey of 83 contractors in one of the major mango growing areas in India. A snowball sampling approach was adopted to select suitable respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics have been computed to understand the contractor’s response on contract attributes. Factor analysis was used to categorize the contractors’ responses on various attributes of the mango contract. Further, a logistic regression model has been developed to determine the factors affecting the contract decisions. Findings – The study identifies nine aspects of mango contracting covering orchard owner, orchard and contract management characteristics. Further, a logistic regression model has been developed to assess the factors affecting the contractor’s decision on the time of entering into mango contracting, i.e. pre-flowering or post-flowering stage. Regression analysis results clearly indicate that contractors who prefer pre-flowering contracts pay significantly higher attention to contract management attributes. On the other hand, those contractors who normally enter in contract once the mango trees have flowered are more likely to pay attention to orchard-related features. Practical implications – Specifically, the results have implications for contract terms, contract efficiency and effectiveness and overall performance. Finally, the study provides suggestions for a future research agenda to analyze mango production contracts. Originality/value – Though contracting in mango growing is a common phenomena, there is limited analysis on identifying the key contract attributes and factors affecting the contract structure.
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25

Jeon, Wooyeol, and Kwangjin Jang. "Comparative Analysis of SCE and Contract Cost for Disaster Impact Assessment System: Focus on Classification of Project Area and Relevant Government." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.1.83.

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This study compares and analyzes the contract amount and Standard for Calculating Expenses (SCE) concerning the Disaster Impact Assessment System (DIAS) and provides the results as basic data for improving the system. The current status of low-cost contracts based on a contract price ratio of 70% or less compared to the standard cost was analyzed. A total of 640 cases with reliable data were examined. The result indicated that the ratio of low-cost contracts was more than 70% of the total: the ratio of low-cost contracts of DIR was 76.2%, DIA 100%, and SDIA 86.7%. In particular, DIA with a large project area tends to be contracted at a price lower than that of DIR or SDIA. Further, this study found that the ratio of low-cost contracts of local government was higher than that of the central government, and private ordering projects were contracted at a cost lower than that of public ordering projects. Moreover, it verified the current contract status of DIAS agency through quantitative figures, which heretofore has not been revealed. The analysis results were used as basic data for the development of causal loop diagram.
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26

Tatlidil, F. Fusun, and Duygu Akturk . "Comparative Analysis of Contract and Non-contract Farming Model in Tomato Production." Journal of Agronomy 3, no. 4 (September 15, 2004): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ja.2004.305.310.

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27

Mitkus, Sigitas, and Eva Trinkūnienė. "ANALYSIS OF CRITERIA SYSTEM MODEL FOR CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT EVALUATION." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2007): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2007.9637806.

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A number of multicriteria decisions must be made during construction investment processes. A number of support systems for multicriteria tasks of construction investment processes are available. Part of them is reviewed in this article. Effectiveness of the construction investment process is greatly influenced by an appropriate formulation of a construction contract. In order to formulate effective construction contract, multicriteria techniques for evaluation and comparison of the contracts must be created. Beside technical, organisational and economic aspects of construction, legal aspects of a construction contract must be also analysed in order to create such techniques. Therefore legal decision‐making systems are also reviewed in the article. A conclusion can be made from the review that decision‐making systems for construction contracts are not available currently. One of the main tasks in the creation of multicriteria support systems is the formation of a multicriteria indicator system. In this paper the structure of construction contracts are analysed and a hierarchical model of a construction contract is presented. Construction contracts have to be made evaluated and compared to this model. On the basis of this model, significance of indicators should be determined and a multicriteria decision support system should be created in further research stages.
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28

Veg-Sala, Nathalie, and Elyette Roux. "A semiotic analysis of the extendibility of luxury brands." Journal of Product & Brand Management 23, no. 2 (April 14, 2014): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-02-2014-0499.

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Purpose – Considering a long-term perspective and the discourse directly emitted by brands, the aim is to study how can brand extension potential be predicted through the analysis of brand contracts? Design/methodology/approach – Considering a long-term perspective and the discourse directly emitted by brands, the aim is to study how can brand extension potential be predicted through the analysis of brand contracts? Findings – Three groups of brands are identified: brands anchored in both determination and mastery contracts defined as open (high extendibility); brands anchored in a determination contract defined as open, as well as in a mastery contract defined as closed (low extendibility); brands anchored in a mastery contract defined as open as well as in a determination contract defined as not closed (high extendibility, but risks of diluting the brand value). Research limitations/implications – Compared with extensions actually developed by these brands, the results are discussed and strategies are proposed to maximize the long-term brand development when the brand extension potential is low. Only studied on products, it would be interesting to complete this analysis in services. Originality/value – The main contribution is the focus on brand narratives and contracts to predict the brand extensibility of luxury brands. Structural semiotics provides another original insight.
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Varavenko, Victor Evgenyevich, and Valeriya Andreevna Ostroukhova. "Unilateral termination of construction contract: comparative analysis of civil Legislation and international contract forms." Право и политика, no. 2 (February 2021): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2021.2.35113.

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The subject of this research is the similarities and differences between the contract forms developed by the international nongovernmental organizations for application in the sphere of investment construction activity (contracts terms for engineering, procurement, construction/ for turnkey projects, second edition of 2017, developed by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC), framework “turnkey” contract for large projects, first edition of 2007, developed by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)) and the norms of national civil legislation (Parts I and II of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) that regulate unilateral termination of construction contracts. The novelty of this research lies in conducting a comparative analysis of Russian legislation and contract forms developed by the international nongovernmental organizations. The examination of foreign experience in the sphere of legal regulation of termination of contract are based on analysis of the norms of contract law of the national legal systems of foreign countries. However, according to the foreign authors, contract law within the systems of both, general and continental law, was developing in seclusion, without substantial influence of one national system upon another. International influence upon the national contract law emerged relatively recently in the sphere of foreign economic activity. At the same time, the key factor for mutual enrichment of the national systems of contract law became the use of international contract forms, which contributed to the unification of contractual regulation of the relations of obligation in national jurisdictions. Their influence upon the development of contract law was far more substantial than even the development of international conventions with substantive law regulations.
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30

Riduwan, Riduwan, and Gita Danupranata. "Risk Analysis of Sharia Bank Financing Contract." Ihtifaz: Journal of Islamic Economics, Finance, and Banking 3, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/ijiefb.v3i1.1943.

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Non-Performing Financing (NPF) is the inability of customers to meet their obligations in accordance with the contract, which can be categorized into three types namely substandard, doubtful and bad debt (macet). NPF is the main and biggest risk for sharia banks, hence the ability of sharia banks to identify, measure, monitor and control the risks of financing and capital provision is very important. Sharia banks will face greater risks than conventional banks because of the risk of sharia reputation. Besides being influenced by internal and external factors of sharia banks, NPF can also be influenced by the financing contract (akad) used.This study analyzes the level of financing risk based on the contract. The population and sample are all Sharia Rural Banks in Indonesia with 167 secondary data in the form of the publication of financial statements for 2011-2018. Analysis of the data using quantitative descriptive methods with a survey approach. The analyzed data are NPF data based on an eight year financing contract. This study managed to obtain data that the BPRS is more interested in financing with certainty of results, proven that murabahah has the highest outstanding compared to other contract. The results of this study also indicate that the low risk contract is in the murabahah contract, while the contract with the medium risk is in the mudarabah, musyarakah, multijasa, qard and istisna and the contract with the highest risk is salam and ijarah contract.
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31

Shave, Thomas. "Communicative contract analysis: an approach to popular music analysis." Organised Sound 13, no. 1 (February 29, 2008): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135577180800006x.

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AbstractCommunicative contract analysis constructs an analytic methodology, taking musical semiotics as a theoretical basis, to look at the ways in which pieces of popular music define themselves generically, and how they make reference to other genres. By taking the different components of a sound as referential to parent genres or foreign genres, one can tease out these references in hybrid musical forms. The method is then applied to three contemporary works, The Kaiser Chiefs' Ruby, Hadouken!'s That Boy, That Girl and Bjork's Joga, and the pertinent issues raised in these works are discussed.
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32

Harish, N. "Cost and Benefit Analysis of Contract Farming." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v8i1.723.

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This article focused on cost-benefit analysis of contract farming. The cost benefit analysis includes total cost, total income and profit before and after contract farming of respondents. Total cost calculated without fixed cost and with fixed cost, profit also calculated with fixed cost and without fixed cost. Contract farming is beneficial to farmers after contract farming. The total cost should be considered without fixed cost.
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33

Harrison, R. Wes. "Stochastic Dominance Analysis of Futures and Option Strategies for Hedging Feeder Cattle." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 27, no. 2 (October 1998): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500006596.

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Stochastic simulation and generalized stochastic dominance are used to compare the risk-return properties of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange feeder cattle futures contract with those of the feeder cattle put option contract. Cash marketing, futures, and option strategies are analyzed for four backgrounding systems common to the mid-south region of the United States. The results show that at-the-money put option strategies dominate corresponding futures contract strategies according to generalized stochastic dominance. This implies that at-the-money put option contracts are superior to feeder cattle futures contracts for risk-averse backgrounders in the mid-south region of the United States.
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Manderson, Aaron, Marcus Jefferies, and Graham Brewer. "Building Information Modelling and Standardised Construction Contracts: a Content Analysis of the GC21 Contract." Construction Economics and Building 15, no. 3 (August 31, 2015): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v15i3.4608.

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Building Information Modelling (BIM) is seen as a panacea to many of the ills confronting the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector. In spite of its well documented benefits the widespread integration of BIM into the project lifecycle is yet to occur. One commonly identified barrier to BIM adoption is the perceived legal risks associated with its integration, coupled with the need for implementation in a collaborative environment. Many existing standardised contracts used in the Australian AEC industry were drafted before the emergence of BIM. As BIM continues to become ingrained in the delivery process the shortcomings of these existing contracts have become apparent. This paper reports on a study that reviewed and consolidated the contractual and legal concerns associated with BIM implementation. The findings of the review were used to conduct a qualitative content analysis of the GC21 2nd edition, an Australian standardised construction contract, to identify possible changes to facilitate the implementation of BIM in a collaborative environment. The findings identified a number of changes including the need to adopt a collaborative contract structure with equitable risk and reward mechanisms, recognition of the model as a contract document and the need for standardisation of communication/information exchange.
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35

Adler, Terry R., and Robert F. Scherer. "A Multivariate Investigation Of Transaction Cost Analysis Dimensions: Do Contract Types Differ?" Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 15, no. 3 (August 30, 2011): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v15i3.5673.

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<span>Our study explored the effects of contract type on transaction cost analysis dimensions for research and development projects. Hypotheses from transaction cost analysis theory were tested using archival data from completed contracts used to govern the procurement of defense products. Our results indicate that the type of contract used in an economic exchange is associated with differences in asset specificity, uncertainty, and contract incompleteness. Two underlying dimensions were evident at the multivariate level that indicate how individual transaction cost indicators combine as a set based on the degree of contract impediments and human asset specificity. Results are also discussed in the context of contract type differences on each transaction cost analysis indicator.</span>
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36

Chitrambigai, K., A. Serma Saravana Pandian, and M. Prabu. "Profitability analysis of contract and non-contract Japanese quail farming in Tamil Nadu." Indian Journal of Poultry Science 51, no. 1 (2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8180.2016.00020.9.

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37

Davison, Bill, and Richard J. Sebastian. "A detailed analysis of the relationship between contract administration problems and contract types." Journal of Public Procurement 11, no. 1 (March 2011): 108–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jopp-11-01-2011-b005.

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38

Kalemaj, Eriseld. "Social Contract: Sovereign Contracted or Created? - Comparative Analysis Between T. Hobbes and S. Pufendorf." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 2 (January 21, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v4i2.p81-89.

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This paper has in its focus the notion of 'Sovereign'. The discussion will be conducted within the "School of Natural Law", which we will focus on two representatives; Thomas Hobbes and Samuel Pufendorf. Through a comparative philosophical analysis, we are going to stop on the basics, the genesis of sovereign power. Political philosophy in the context of finding the source of sovereign power is a problem in the landmark of the unsolvable. ” Scool of Natural Law” referring to the natural condition has the solution to this problem. Compare lines will start from this premise, to know after, how the reason goas towards two different concepts of “Social Contract”. Contract which generates sovreigen person, it defines the nature and content of the power of this person. At this discourse, social contract as the core hub of transition, conversion to the state of nature in a civil context is rolling between the political and juridical character. Discussion, which essentially make us know the nature of the relationship between the Sovereign and members of society, sovereign and state, the member of society between each other. In other words, we will see how the political - legal forms of organization, the way of governing is determined by the nature of initial social contract
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39

Katchova, Ani L. "Agricultural Contracts and Alternative Marketing Options: A Matching Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 42, no. 2 (May 2010): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800003448.

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The increasing use of agricultural contracts and processor concentration raises concerns that processors may offer lower contract prices in absence of local competition. This study examines the price competitiveness of marketing and production contracts depending on the availability of alternative marketing options. A propensity score matching method is used to compare prices using contract data from a farm-level national survey. The results show that the absence of other contractors or spot markets in producers' areas does not lead to statistically significant price differences in agricultural contracts for most commodities, providing evidence that most agricultural processors do not exercise market power by reducing prices when other local buyers are not available.
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40

Gjeta, Arber, and Juliana Bylykbashi. "The Transport Contract in Albanian Civil Code: A Systemic Analysis." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0009.

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The transport legislation in Albania has a character of specialty. Through this paper we aim to offer an analysis of the Albanian legal provisions on transport contract according to the Civil Code. This study will deal with the contract of transport of goods. The analysis of the contract will be in a historical, empiric and doctrinal point of view on the regulation offered by the Civil Code and the similarities to the Italian Civil Code. The actual regulation of the contract of transport in Albania is relatively new and there are only a few claims brought into courts that make very difficult a deep analysis of the implementation the legislation. The lack of causes brought into courts mainly has to be recognized to the arbitration clauses in favor of foreign arbitrators as for the transport of goods by sea or the solution on transaction basis as well as, regarding Civil Code provisions, the camouflage of the contract of transport with other types of contracts.
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41

Kim, Dong Sik, Wookyung Jung, and Beom Jin Chung. "Analysis of the Electricity Supply Contracts for Medium-Voltage Apartments in the Republic of Korea." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020293.

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For apartment complexes receiving medium-voltage electrical energies, the apartments can choose an electricity charging method between the single and general contracts in the Republic of Korea. In the single contract, a residential high-voltage rate is applied to the total electrical energy consumptions of households and common areas. On the other hand, in the general contract, different rate plans are applied to the electrical energy consumptions of households and their common areas, where a generic high-voltage rate plan is applied to the common consumption. Hence, depending on the amounts and composition of the consumptions, both contracts have their own strengths and weaknesses in terms of the total electricity charge. The management office of an apartment complex can select its preferred contract considering the amount and composition of the power consumptions on an annual basis. In this paper, we first formulate a model for the contracts and analyze their properties based on Monte-Carlo simulations. We then observe the contract properties through actual metering data from 30 apartment complexes in Korea. From the analysis of this paper, we can select appropriate contract for a given apartment complex and have guidelines for saving electricity charges. The greater the consumption of the electrical energy and the common area portion, the more advantageous the general contract is in terms of reducing electricity charges.
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42

Kim, Dong Sik, Wookyung Jung, and Beom Jin Chung. "Analysis of the Electricity Supply Contracts for Medium-Voltage Apartments in the Republic of Korea." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020293.

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For apartment complexes receiving medium-voltage electrical energies, the apartments can choose an electricity charging method between the single and general contracts in the Republic of Korea. In the single contract, a residential high-voltage rate is applied to the total electrical energy consumptions of households and common areas. On the other hand, in the general contract, different rate plans are applied to the electrical energy consumptions of households and their common areas, where a generic high-voltage rate plan is applied to the common consumption. Hence, depending on the amounts and composition of the consumptions, both contracts have their own strengths and weaknesses in terms of the total electricity charge. The management office of an apartment complex can select its preferred contract considering the amount and composition of the power consumptions on an annual basis. In this paper, we first formulate a model for the contracts and analyze their properties based on Monte-Carlo simulations. We then observe the contract properties through actual metering data from 30 apartment complexes in Korea. From the analysis of this paper, we can select appropriate contract for a given apartment complex and have guidelines for saving electricity charges. The greater the consumption of the electrical energy and the common area portion, the more advantageous the general contract is in terms of reducing electricity charges.
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43

Grossmann, Vasco, and Manfred Schimmler. "Future Contract Selection by Term Structure Analysis." Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal 2, no. 3 (July 2017): 1172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25046/aj0203148.

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44

Katz, Avery Wiener. "An Economic Analysis of the Guaranty Contract." University of Chicago Law Review 66, no. 1 (1999): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1600386.

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45

Serdiuk, A. O., Yu V. Fedchyshyna, and I. V. Nazarova. "CONTRACT MAINTENANCE FOR LIFE: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 8 (2020): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2020-8/38.

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46

Moore, Marc T. "The gig economy: a hypothetical contract analysis." Legal Studies 39, no. 4 (June 28, 2019): 579–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lst.2019.4.

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AbstractGig work and other flexible labour practices have been subject to unprecedented levels of attention recently. While this topic has attracted significant interest from employment lawyers, it remains relatively underexplored from other pertinent legal and inter-disciplinary angles. This paper will adopt an alternative perspective on flexible work inspired by Coase's theory of the firm. Focusing on the implications of flexible work for the relative allocation of control, risk and reward within the firm, it will highlight how both task-oriented (gig) and on-demand (casual) work practices typically entail workers assuming most of the positional disadvantages associated with orthodox employment and self-employment, while enjoying none or few of the corresponding advantages. Using a hypothetical contract analysis, it will highlight the structural similarity between flexible work and unsecured financial investments in business firms by reference to key strands of institutional economics and law and finance literature. On this basis, it will enquire as to optimal forms of compensation that rational flexible workers can (counter-factually) be regarded as bargaining for in the absence of impediments to efficient contracting, and as the price for trading off their traditional employment guarantees.
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47

Gay, Gerald D., William C. Hunter, and Robert W. Kolb. "A comparative analysis of futures contract margins." Journal of Futures Markets 6, no. 2 (1986): 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fut.3990060211.

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48

He, Daojing, Zhi Deng, Yuxing Zhang, Sammy Chan, Yao Cheng, and Nadra Guizani. "Smart Contract Vulnerability Analysis and Security Audit." IEEE Network 34, no. 5 (September 2020): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.001.1900656.

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Akşin, O. Zeynep, Francis de Véricourt, and Fikri Karaesmen. "Call Center Outsourcing Contract Analysis and Choice." Management Science 54, no. 2 (February 2008): 354–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1070.0823.

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50

Dobrovolska, N. V. "Administrative contract: analysis of the normative definition." Legal position, no. 3 (2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32836/2521-6473.2020-3.5.

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