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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Contraction

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Academic literature on the topic 'Contraction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Contraction"

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Hogan, Michael C., Erica Ingham, and S. Sadi Kurdak. "Contraction duration affects metabolic energy cost and fatigue in skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 274, no. 3 (1998): E397—E402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.3.e397.

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It has been suggested that during a skeletal muscle contraction the metabolic energy cost at the onset may be greater than the energy cost related to holding steady-state force. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of contraction duration on the metabolic energy cost and fatigue process in fully perfused contracting muscle in situ. Canine gastrocnemius muscle ( n = 6) was isolated, and two contractile periods (3 min of isometric, tetanic contractions with 45-min rest between) were conducted by each muscle in a balanced order design. The two contractile periods had sti

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Conley, Kevin E., and Stan L. Lindstedt. "Energy-saving mechanisms in muscle: the minimization strategy." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 15 (2002): 2175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.15.2175.

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SUMMARYMany mechanisms reduce the cost of muscle activity. Here, we describe a set of specializations that reduce the cost of contraction in the high-frequency twitches that are used by a wide variety of animals for either sound production or flight. Minimizing the cost of these contractions means that cellular ATP production can meet ATP demand and sustain the high contractile rate. Two classes of specialization are found that minimize the contractile cost. The first class reduces the muscle work required per contraction. Light appendages such as rattles, insect limbs and membranous wings tha

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C. Ushabhavani. "On Certain Fixed Points for (α,φ,F)-Contraction on S_b- Metric Spaces with Applications". Advances in Nonlinear Variational Inequalities 27, № 2 (2024): 360–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/anvi.v27.972.

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This work establishes unique fixed point theorems (UFPT) for self mapping in complete S_b-metric spaces (S_b-MS) with the concept of (α,φ,F)-contraction in the context of S_b-MS Furthermore, we show how the results may be used and present applications to integral equations and homotopy theory. Introduction: In previous work authors were discussed fixed pointon various metric spaces with F -contractions, α-type almost -F- contractions, α-type F -Suzuki contractions, (φ, F)-contraction, F - weak contractions, α −ψ-contractive type, α −ψ-Meir-Keeler contractive mapping, α-ratonal contractive mapp

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Hogan, Michael C., Bruno Grassi, Michele Samaja, Creed M. Stary, and L. B. Gladden. "Effect of contraction frequency on the contractile and noncontractile phases of muscle venous blood flow." Journal of Applied Physiology 95, no. 3 (2003): 1139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00226.2003.

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The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that increasing muscle contraction frequency, which alters the duty cycle and metabolic rate, would increase the contribution of the contractile phase to mean venous blood flow in isolated skeletal muscle during rhythmic contractions. Canine gastrocnemius muscle ( n = 5) was isolated, and 3-min stimulation periods of isometric, tetanic contractions were elicited sequentially at rates of 0.25, 0.33, and 0.5 contractions/s. The O2 uptake, tension-time integral, and mean venous blood flow increased significantly ( P < 0.05) with each contrac

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V. Rajitha. "Tripled Fixed Point Results in G_b-Metric Spaces." Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis 31, no. 8s (2024): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cana.v31.1536.

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In recent work authors were discussed fixed point results with various contractions like (ψ,ϕ)-weakly contractive mappings, cyclic contraction, E.A property, Suzuki-type contraction etc. in complete -metric spaces, With the help of completeness property and continuous function we obtained unique tripled fixed point in -metric spaces. Objectives: To show tripled fixed point theorems in -metric spaces via new type of contraction and shown illustrate an example which supports the main result. Methods: In recent work authors were discussed fixed point results with various contractions like (ψ, ϕ)-

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Zuo, Li, Leonardo Nogueira, and Michael C. Hogan. "Reactive oxygen species formation during tetanic contractions in single isolated Xenopus myofibers." Journal of Applied Physiology 111, no. 3 (2011): 898–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00398.2011.

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Contracting skeletal muscle produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have been shown to affect muscle function and adaptation. However, real-time measurement of ROS in contracting myofibers has proven to be difficult. We used amphibian ( Xenopus laevis) muscle to test the hypothesis that ROS are formed during contractile activity in isolated single skeletal muscle fibers and that this contraction-induced ROS formation affects fatigue development. Single myofibers were loaded with 5 μM dihydrofluorescein-DA (Hfluor-DA), a fluorescent probe that reacts with ROS and results in the formation of

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Hamann, Jason J., Heidi A. Kluess, John B. Buckwalter, and Philip S. Clifford. "Blood flow response to muscle contractions is more closely related to metabolic rate than contractile work." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 6 (2005): 2096–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00400.2004.

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The magnitude of the blood flow response to exercise has been linked to both the contractile work performed and the metabolic cost of the activity. Under certain conditions, contractile work and metabolic cost may be dissociated. This study examined the blood flow response to trains of contractions when contraction duration was manipulated under conditions of similar tension-time indexes (isometric analog of work). Previous investigations have shown that trains of short-duration contractions have a greater ATP utilization, which may result from an augmented ion transport required for muscle ac

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Kavvampalli Jyothirmayi Rani. "Some Applications via Coupled Fixed Point Theorems for (????, ????)-H-Contraction Mappings in Partial b- Metric Spaces." Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis 31, no. 5s (2024): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cana.v31.1055.

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This work establishes unique common coupled fixed point theorems for given mapping in complete partial b-metric spaces with the concept of (α, ϕ)-H-contraction in the context of partial b-metric spaces. (α, ϕ)-H-contraction Furthermore, we show how the results may be used and present applications to integral equations and Homotopy theory. Introduction In previous work, authors have discussed various fixed point theorems on partial b-metric spaces with (ψ, ϕ)-weakly contractive mappings, α−ψ-contractive type, Suzuki type contractions, rational contraction and H-weak contractions. In our work, w

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Meisner, Joshua K., Randolph H. Stewart, Glen A. Laine, and Christopher M. Quick. "Lymphatic vessels transition to state of summation above a critical contraction frequency." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293, no. 1 (2007): R200—R208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00468.2006.

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Although behavior of lymphatic vessels is analogous to that of ventricles, which completely relax between contractions, and blood vessels, which maintain a tonic constriction, the mixture of contractile properties can yield behavior unique to lymphatic vessels. In particular, because of their limited refractory period and slow rate of relaxation, lymphatic vessels lack the contractile properties that minimize summation in ventricles. We, therefore, hypothesized that lymphatic vessels transition to a state of summation when lymphatic vessel contraction frequency exceeds a critical value. We use

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Pant, Rajendra, and Hemant Nashine. "Fractals of FG-Hutchinson Barnsley operator in metric spaces." Filomat 38, no. 27 (2024): 9711–25. https://doi.org/10.2298/fil2427711p.

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The goal of this work is to build fractals using a finite family of F G-contraction mappings. This class of mappings is more general than Banach contraction, F-contraction, Geraghty-contraction, rational-type contraction and many other contractions on metric spaces. We derive several consequence of our main result and discuss certain iterated function systems that fulfil a specific set of contractive requirements. Several examples are presented with accompanying graphics to substantiate the findings obtained here. Our results integrate, generalize, and extend previous work in this area.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contraction"

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Murtada, Sae-Il. "Smooth muscle modeling activation and contraction of contractile units in smooth muscle /." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för teknikvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11349.

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Sringeri, Vageeswara Abhijit. "Tensor Contraction Optimizations." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440399261.

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Njoya, Nadine Katia. "Contraction-Expansion Protocols." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1971.

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An approach to a new class of compounds known as bridgehead dienone is described. The route is based on a tandem contraction-expansion event in which the contraction triggers the expansion. The two steps involved are a palladium-catalyzed Favorskii contraction and a cis-divinyl cyclopropanone rearrangement. Progress towards these goals is reported.

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Wang, Wei 1972 Oct 17. "Contraction and partial contraction : a study of synchronization in nonlinear networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30343.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-128).<br>This thesis focuses on the study of collective dynamic behaviors, especially the spontaneous synchronization behavior, of nonlinear networked systems. We derives a body of new results, based on contraction and partial contraction analysis. Contraction is a property regarding the convergence between two arbitrary system trajectories. A nonlinear dynamic system is called contracting if initial conditions or temporary disturbances are forgotten exp

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Corin, Karolina A. (Karolina Ann) 1981. "Inhibition of myofibroblast contraction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32381.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-49).<br>Although current medical procedures cannot restore complete function of a transected nerve, inserting both of its ends in a tube helps it regenerate. The regenerate is inferior to the uninjured nerve: it has a smaller diameter and poorer electrical conduction. Layers of contractile cells known as myofibroblasts have been observed around regenerated nerve portions. An inverse relationship between the layer thickness and the quality of the regenerate

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Reis, Maurício Duarte Luís. "On theory multiple contraction." Doctoral thesis, Universidade da Madeira, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/255.

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The one which is considered the standard model of theory change was presented in [AGM85] and is known as the AGM model. In particular, that paper introduced the class of partial meet contractions. In subsequent works several alternative constructive models for that same class of functions were presented, e.g.: safe/kernel contractions ([AM85, Han94]), system of spheres-based contractions ([Gro88]) and epistemic entrenchment-based contractions ([G ar88, GM88]). Besides, several generalizations of such model were investigated. In that regard we emphasise the presentation of models which ac

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Makur, Anuran. "Information contraction and decomposition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122692.

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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Thesis: Sc. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 327-350).<br>Information contraction is one of the most fundamental concepts in information theory as evidenced by the numerous classical converse theorems that utilize it. In this dissertation, we study several problems aimed

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Corona, Benjamin T. "Junctophilin Damage Contributes to Early Force Deficits and Excitation-Contraction Coupling Failure after Performing Eccentric Contractions." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/kin_health_diss/4.

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Junctophilins (JP1 & JP2) are expressed in skeletal muscle and are the primary proteins involved in transverse (T)-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane apposition. During the performance of eccentric contractions, the apposition of T-tubule and SR membranes may be disrupted, resulting in excitation-contraction (EC) coupling failure and thus reduced force-producing capacity. In this study, we made three primary observations: 1) Through the first three days after the performance of 50 eccentric contractions in vivo by the left hindlimb anterior crural muscles of female mice, both JP1

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Lohmiller, Winfried Stefan 1971. "Contraction analysis of nonlinear systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9793.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1999.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-90).<br>This thesis derives new results in nonlinear system analysis using methods inspired from fluid mechanics and differential geometry. Based on a differential analysis of convergence, these results may be viewed as generalizing the classical Krasovskii theorem, as well as linear eigenvalue analysis. A central feature is that convergence and limit behavior are in a sense treated separately, leading to significant conceptual simplifications. We es

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Novel, Maxence. "Contraction de cônes complexes multidimensionnels." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS263/document.

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L'objet de cette thèse est l'introduction, l'étude et l'utilisation des cônes complexes multidimensionnels. Dans un premier temps, nous étudions la grassmannienne des espaces de Banach. Nous définissons une notion de bonne décomposition pour les espaces de dimension p et nous démontronsl'équivalence entre la distance de Hausdorff sur la grassmannienne et la distance fournie par une norme sur l'algèbre extérieure.Dans un deuxième temps, nous définissons les cônes complexes p-dimensionnels ainsi qu'une jauge sur les sous-espaces de dimension p de ces cônes. Nous montrons alors un principe de con

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Books on the topic "Contraction"

1

Kelly. Contraction. The author, 2003.

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Bers, Donald M. Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1512-6.

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Bers, Donald M. Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0658-3.

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Bagshaw, Clive R. Muscle Contraction. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-6839-5.

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1938-, Simmons Robert M., and Physiological Society (Great Britain), eds. Muscular contraction. Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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Needham, Duncan, and Anthony Hotson, eds. Expansionary Fiscal Contraction. Cambridge University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107337626.

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Friedman, Milton. The great contraction. Princeton University Press, 2009.

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Rüegg, Johann Caspar. Calcium in Muscle Contraction. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77560-4.

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Rall, Jack A. Mechanism of Muscular Contraction. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2007-5.

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Unit, Leicestershire Health Authority Mental Health Services. Expansion and contraction plan. [Leicestershire Health Authority, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Contraction"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Contraction." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2877.

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Taber, Larry A. "Contraction." In Continuum Modeling in Mechanobiology. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43209-6_5.

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Hansson, Sven Ove. "Contraction." In Descriptor Revision. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53061-1_10.

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Bers, Donald M. "Excitation-Contraction Coupling." In Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0658-3_8.

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Bers, Donald M. "Excitation-Contraction Coupling." In Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1512-6_7.

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Hansson, Sven Ove. "Theory Contraction and Base Contraction Unified." In Readings in Formal Epistemology. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20451-2_14.

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Krithika, R., V. K. Kutty Malu, and Prafullkumar Tale. "Revisiting Path Contraction and Cycle Contraction." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-75409-8_26.

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Smith, C. A., and E. J. Wood. "Muscle contraction." In Cell Biology. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0441-8_13.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Contraction Allowance." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2878.

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Holmes, K. C. "Muscle Contraction." In Novartis Foundation Symposium 213 - The Limits of Reductionism in Biology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470515488.ch6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Contraction"

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Baader, Franz, and Renata Wassermann. "Contractions Based on Optimal Repairs." In 21st International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2024/9.

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Removing unwanted consequences from a knowledge base has been investigated in belief change under the name contraction and is called repair in ontology engineering. Simple repair and contraction approaches based on removing statements from the knowledge base (respectively called belief base contractions and classical repairs) have the disadvantage that they are syntax-dependent and may remove more consequences than necessary. Belief set contractions do not have these problems, but may result in belief sets that have no finite representation if one works with logics that are not fragments of pr

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Wu, Dongjun, Bowen Yi, and Ian R. Manchester. "Control Contraction Metrics on Submanifolds." In 2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886040.

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Zoboli, Samuele, Andreu Cecilia, and Sophie Tarbouriech. "Quadratic abstractions for k-contraction." In 2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886370.

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Lee, Dongmin, and Anuran Makur. "Contraction Coefficients of Product Symmetric Channels." In 2024 60th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/allerton63246.2024.10735307.

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Chaves, Juliana N., Hani C. Yehia, and Henrique R. Martins. "Development of a portable labor-contraction monitor based on mechanomyography." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Aplicada à Saúde. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcas_estendido.2022.222422.

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Mechanomyography is a technique that measures the mechanical signal observed from the muscle surface during the contraction. It is expected to be a promising tool to evaluate uterine dynamics even though the uterus contraction is known to be involuntary. This study aimed to describe the development of a portable device based on mechanomyography to monitor uterine contraction. To assess the system was performed isometric contractions of the rectus femoris muscle with varying loads. The acquired data showed that the system could identify each contraction's onset, offset, and amplitude. The senso

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Eschen, Kevin, and Julianna Abel. "Effect of Geometric Design Parameters on Contractile SMA Knitted Actuator Performance." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3926.

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Shape memory alloy (SMA) knitted actuators are a type of functional fabric that uses shape memory alloy wire as an active fiber within a knitted textile. Through intentional design of the SMA knitted actuator geometry, various two- and three-dimensional actuation motions, such as scrolling and contraction [1], can be accomplished. Contractile SMA knitted actuators leverage the unique thermo-mechanical properties of SMA wires by integrating them within the hierarchical knitted structure to achieve large distributed uniaxial contractions and variable stiffness behavior upon thermal actuation. Du

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Haldimann, Jonas Philipp, Gabriele Kern-Isberner, and Christoph Beierle. "Syntax Splitting for Iterated Contractions." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/47.

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Parikh developed the notion of syntax splitting to describe belief sets with independent parts. He also formulated a postulate demanding that belief revisions respect syntax splittings in belief sets. The concept of syntax splitting was later transferred to epistemic states with total preorders and ranking functions by Kern-Isberner and Brewka along with corresponding postulates for belief revisions. Besides revision, contraction is also a central operation in the field of general belief change. In this paper, we analyse belief contractions with respect to syntax splitting. Based on the work o

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Garapa, Marco, Eduardo Fermé, and Maurício D. L. Reis. "Shielded Base Contraction (Extended Abstract)." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/889.

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In this paper we study a kind of non-prioritized contraction operator on belief bases -known as shielded base contractions. We propose twenty different classes of shielded base contractions and obtain axiomatic characterizations for each one of them. Additionally we thoroughly investigate the interrelations (in the sense of inclusion) among all those classes.

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Mercado, Alejandro J., Daniel Grimaldi, and Ricardo O. Rodriguez. "Weak-Ensconcement for Shielded Base Contraction." In 20th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2023}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2023/51.

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In this article, we provide the weak version of ensconcement which characterizes an interesting family of Shielded base contractions. In turn, this characterization induces a class of AGM contractions satisfying certain postulates that we reveal here. Finally, we show a connection among the class of contractions given by our weak ensconcement and other kinds of base contraction operators. In doing so, we also point out a flaw in the original theorems that link the epistemic entrenchment with ensconcement (which are well established in the literature), and then we provide two possible solutions

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Van Diest, M. J., T. J. Verbeuren, and A. G. Herman. "RELAXATIONS INDUCED BY LIPOXYGENASE METABOLITES OF ARACHI-DONIC ACID IN SPLENIC ARTERIES OF THE DOG." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643796.

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The lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid, 15 hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15HPETE) and its hydroxy derivative (15HETE) evoke contractions in a variety of isolated blood vessels. We recently were able to show that thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-receptor antagonists BM13177 and BM13505 suppress the contractions induced by lipoxygenase metabolites in canine splenic arteries, and that these compounds also inhibit the contractile effects of PGF2α and of the TXA2-mimetic U46619. We also reported that 15HETE and 15HPETE cause relaxations of isolated dog arteries when the tissues are contracted wi

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Reports on the topic "Contraction"

1

Phillips, Cynthia A. Parallel Graph Contraction. Defense Technical Information Center, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada211916.

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Westerlind, Kim. Muscle Contraction Arrests Tumor Growth. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada572645.

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Kedem, Benjamin, and Sidney Yakowitz. On the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Detection. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada454953.

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Bordo, Michael, Ehsan Choudhri, and Anna Schwartz. Could Stable Money Have Averted The Great Contraction? National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4481.

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Kim, Sei-Wan, Donghyun Park, and Shu Tian. How Does Inflation in Advanced Economies Affect Emerging Market Bond Yields? Empirical Evidence from Two Channels. Asian Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230372-2.

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This study uses multivariable smooth transition autoregressive–vector autoregressive (STAR–VAR), a novel model to explore how inflation in advanced economies affects emerging market bond yields. Results reveal two key findings. First, advanced economy inflation has a significant effect on emerging market bond yields. Second, the short-run effect of advanced economy inflation on the bond yields of emerging markets is asymmetric between the expansion and contraction regimes. The effect is mostly positive in both regimes but stronger in a bond yield’s contraction regime.

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Levy Yeyati, Eduardo, and Ugo Panizza. The Elusive Costs of Sovereign Defaults. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010862.

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Few would dispute that sovereign defaults entail significant economic costs, including, most notably, important output losses. However, most of the evidence supporting this conventional wisdom, based on annual observations, suffers from serious measurement and identification problems. To address these drawbacks, we examine the impact of default on growth by looking at quarterly data for emerging economies. We find that, contrary to what is typically assumed, output contractions precede defaults. Moreover, we find that the trough of the contraction coincides with the quarter of default, and tha

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Li, Ta-Hsin, Benjamin Kedem, and Sid Yakowitz. Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction Mapping Estimator for Frequency Estimation. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada453892.

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Li, Ta-hsin, and Benjamin Kedem. Strong Consistency of the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Estimation. Defense Technical Information Center, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada454944.

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Solomonik, Edgar, Devin Matthews, Jeff R. Hammond, John F. Stanton, and James Demmel. A Massively Parallel Tensor Contraction Framework for Coupled-Cluster Computations. Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614387.

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Rockoff, Hugh. Deflation, Silent Runs, and Bank Holidays, in the Great Contraction. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9522.

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