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Journal articles on the topic 'Contraction bias'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Tal-Perry, Noam, and Shlomit Yuval-Greenberg. "Contraction bias in temporal estimation." Cognition 229 (December 2022): 105234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105234.

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Huang, Yi-Ming, Ya-Ju Chang, Miao-Ju Hsu, Chia-Ling Chen, Chia-Ying Fang, and Alice May-Kuen Wong. "Errors in Force Generation and Changes in Controlling Patterns Following Agonist Muscle Fatigue." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 25, no. 4 (2009): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.25.4.293.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether agonist muscle fatigue changed the coactivation time and the co-contraction magnitude of the agonist and antagonist muscle, and if the agonist muscle fatigue produced bias (constant error: CE) and inconsistency (variable error: VE) of the force. Subjects are 10 healthy people and one person with impaired proprioception. EMG and force for fast (0.19 ± 0.06 s) and slow (1.20 ± 0.44 s) targeted isometric dorsiflexions were recorded before and after fatigue of the dorsiflexors. The results revealed that the coactivation time increased after fatigue

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Bertram, Christopher D., Charlie Macaskill, Michael J. Davis, and James E. Moore. "Consequences of intravascular lymphatic valve properties: a study of contraction timing in a multi-lymphangion model." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 310, no. 7 (2016): H847—H860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00669.2015.

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The observed properties of valves in collecting lymphatic vessels include transmural pressure-dependent bias to the open state and hysteresis. The bias may reduce resistance to flow when the vessel is functioning as a conduit. However, lymphatic pumping implies a streamwise increase in mean pressure across each valve, suggesting that the bias is then potentially unhelpful. Lymph pumping by a model of several collecting lymphatic vessel segments (lymphangions) in series, which incorporated these properties, was investigated under conditions of adverse pressure difference while varying the refra

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Xu, Chenchen, Yen-Hwei Lin, and Karthik Durvasula. "Sonority bias in Rugao di-syllabic syllable contraction." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4316.

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Two analyses, vowel sonority and the linear order of pre-contraction vowels, have been proposed to account for the vowel selection between two competing vowels in Chinese syllable contraction. An experiment was run to test whether sonority and/or linear order bias the vowel selection in Rugao syllable contraction. Our results confirmed the role of vowel sonority, and did not present supporting evidence for the linear order analysis. Sonority hierarchies along the dimensions of both height and centrality exhibit the same consistent and robust pattern, providing a new perspective to look at comp

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Hammer, Barbara, and Peter Tiňo. "Recurrent Neural Networks with Small Weights Implement Definite Memory Machines." Neural Computation 15, no. 8 (2003): 1897–929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/08997660360675080.

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Recent experimental studies indicate that recurrent neural networks initialized with “small” weights are inherently biased toward definite memory machines (Tiňno, Čerňanský, & Beňušková, 2002a, 2002b). This article establishes a theoretical counterpart: transition function of recurrent network with small weights and squashing activation function is a contraction. We prove that recurrent networks with contractive transition function can be approximated arbitrarily well on input sequences of unbounded length by a definite memory machine. Conversely, every definite memory machine can be simul

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Ahissar, Merav, Yonatan Loewenstein, and Ofri Raviv. "Dissecting the Roles of Supervised and Unsupervised Learning in Perceptual Discrimination Judgments." Journal of Neuroscience 14 (January 27, 2021): 757–65. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0757-20.2020.

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Our ability to compare sensory stimuli is a fundamental cognitive function, which is known to be affected by two biases: choice bias, which reflects a preference for a given response, and contraction bias, which reflects a tendency to perceive stimuli as similar to previous ones. To test whether both reflect supervised processes, we designed feedback protocols aimed to modify them and tested them in human participants. Choice bias was readily modifiable. However, contraction bias was not. To compare these results to those predicted from an optimal supervised process, we studied a noise-matched

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Fotios, S. A., and C. Cheal. "Evidencefor response contraction bias in side-by-side matching tasks." Lighting Research & Technology 39, no. 2 (2007): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1365782807076490.

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Ashourian, Paymon, and Yonatan Loewenstein. "Bayesian Inference Underlies the Contraction Bias in Delayed Comparison Tasks." PLoS ONE 6, no. 5 (2011): e19551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019551.

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Lungu, Dorina, Tiago Neto, Ricardo J. Andrade, Michel W. Coppieters, Raúl Oliveira, and Sandro R. Freitas. "Immediate and short-term effects of eccentric muscle contractions on structural, morphological, mechanical, functional and physiological properties of peripheral nerves: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (2023): e0289422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289422.

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Background It is widely acknowledged that eccentric muscle contractions may cause skeletal muscle damage. However, there is little knowledge about the impact of eccentric contractions on non-muscular structures. Animal and human studies revealed that eccentric contractions can also induce immediate and short-term nerve dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to examine whether eccentric muscle contractions induce immediate and short-term effects on structural, morphological, mechanical, functional and physiological properties of peripheral nerves, from both animal and human studies. Methods

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Brokjøb, Lise Gulli, Piers L. Cornelissen, Jiří Gumančík, Kristofor McCarty, Martin J. Tovée, and Katri K. Cornelissen. "Evidence for a specific distortion in perceptual body image in eating disorders: A replication and extension." PLOS ONE 19, no. 11 (2024): e0313619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313619.

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A core feature of eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, is an overestimation of body size. A key question is whether this overestimation arises solely from body image concerns typical in eating disorders, or if there is an additional perceptual disturbance. To address this question, we applied a two-component model of body size estimation that has been thoroughly replicated in the body image literature concerning healthy individuals. This model shows statistically independent, additive effects on body size estimates of: a) body image concerns, and b) a perceptual component known as contr

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Kanter, Jodi. "The expansion bias: Loss in Landy’s role theory and method." Drama Therapy Review 10, no. 2 (2024): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/dtr_00152_1.

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Since its inception, Landy’s role theory has posited that expansion of the client’s role system is indicative of greater well-being. But this expansion bias bypasses a fundamental human experience, that of loss. This article draws on theoretical writings in cultural and performance studies, as well as a case study in role methods, to consider the loss of roles and the contraction of the role system as potentially positive outcomes for trauma survivors.

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Wang, Cong-Zhi, Jing-Yi Guo, Tian-Jie Li, Yongjin Zhou, Wenxiu Shi, and Yong-Ping Zheng. "Age and Sex Effects on the Active Stiffness of Vastus Intermedius under Isometric Contraction." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9469548.

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Previously, a novel technique was proposed to quantify the relationship between the muscle stiffness and its nonfatigue contraction intensity. The method extended the measured range of isometric contraction to 100% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) using an ultrasonic shear wave measurement setup. Yet, it has not been revealed how this relationship could be affected by factors like age or sex. To clarify these questions, vastus intermedius (VI) stiffness of 40 healthy subjects was assessed under 11 step levels of isometric contraction. The subjects were divided into four groups: young males,

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Lin, Shih-Chieh, Wen-Pin Shih, and Pen-Zen Chang. "Microstructural dielectric elastomer actuator with uniaxial in-plane contraction." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 24, no. 3 (2012): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x12451193.

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A micromachined dielectric elastomer actuator with uniaxial in-plane contraction was proposed. The modeling, fabrication, and testing of the actuator were carried out. When a bias voltage was applied, the resulting electrostatic force compressed the dielectric elastomer that then shrank in area due to its embedded microstructures. The proposed dielectric elastomer actuator consisted of two electrode layers, two flexible layers, and a microstructural layer. The microstructural layer possessed the grating patterns that served as the spacers to define the gap between the top and bottom flexible l

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14

Ghadiri Harati, Parisa, Seyed Majid Hosseini, Atiyeh Javaheri, Farideh Dehghan Manshadi, and Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban. "The Reliability of the Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging Method for Assessing Pelvic Floor Muscles Function in Pregnant Women." Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences 10, no. 02 (2024): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/cjns.10.37.467.1.

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Background: To our knowledge, there is scant research on the use of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) method for evaluating bladder base displacement in pregnant women. The RUSI is a non-invasive and simple method that assesses the function of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) based on the movement of the bladder base. Objectives: This study aims to assess the reliability of the RUSI for the assessment of PFM function in pregnant women during voluntary muscle contractions. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 18 pregnant women with different gestational ages participated. Th

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Da-peng, Liu, Han Bao-shan, Nie Xiang-fu, J. Ben Youssef, J. M. Desvignes, and H. Le Gall. "Radial contraction of the first kind of dumbbell domains subjected to a static bias field." Acta Physica Sinica (Overseas Edition) 4, no. 6 (1995): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1004-423x/4/6/009.

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16

Seidl, Laura, Danijel Tosovic, and J. Mark Brown. "Test-Retest Reliability and Reproducibility of Laser- versus Contact-Displacement Sensors in Mechanomyography: Implications for Musculoskeletal Research." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, no. 2 (2017): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0085.

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Whole muscle mechanomyography (MMG) has gained considerable interest in recent years for its ability to noninvasively determine muscle contractile properties (ie, contraction time [Tc], half-relaxation time [1/2Tr], and maximal displacement [Dmax)]). The aim of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of two fairly novel MMG transducers: a laser-displacement sensor (LDS) and contact-displacement sensor (CDS). MMG was conducted on the rectus femoris muscle of 30 healthy individuals on 4 separate occasions. Test-retest reliability was quantified using intraclass correlation coeffic

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Givi, Julian, and M. Paula Fitzgerald. "The first-to-test bias: Impact of testing order on assigning responsibility for contagion." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (2024): e0297965. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297965.

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When a contagious disease spreads, people wonder about who to blame for transmission. Herein, we document a novel bias, the “First-To-Test” bias, that emerges when individuals assign responsibility for contagion within a dyad. People tend to believe that the member of the dyad who tested positive first is more likely to have given the disease to the other member, even when all other relevant factors are held constant. That is, while using testing order as a basis for assigning responsibility for a dyad’s contraction of a contagious disease may be rational in cases where all other relevant fact

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18

Caldwell, Joshua D., Robert E. Stahlbush, Orest J. Glembocki, Karl D. Hobart, Kendrick X. Liu, and Marko J. Tadjer. "Temperature Dependence of Shockley Stacking Fault Expansion and Contraction in 4H-SiC p-i-n Diodes." Materials Science Forum 600-603 (September 2008): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.600-603.273.

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The nucleation and expansion of Shockley stacking faults (SSFs) in 4H-SiC is known to induce an increase in the forward voltage drop (Vf) of bipolar devices such as pin diodes. However, recent annealing experiments have shown that SSFs can not only expand, but that low temperature annealing (210-7000C) induces a contraction of the SSFs that is coupled with a full and repeatable recovery of the Vf drift. Here we report that following extended periods of forward bias operation that the Vf drift of 10kV 4H-SiC pin diodes saturates, with the saturation Vf drift dropping with increasing stressing t

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19

Phelps, Charlotte, and Christian Moro. "Ageing and the bladder mucosa: A scoping review of recent animal model studies." Australian and New Zealand Continence Journal 28, no. 5 (2025): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1071/cj22020.

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The incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms increases with age. People with bladder disorders who are older than 60 years are more likely to comply and persist with treatment regimens, such as antimuscarinic medications for overactive bladder. Suggestions for these differences include lifestyle factors, greater compliance with medication prescription, or pharmacological and physiological changes to the receptors within the bladder tissue itself. This scoping review focused on the latter and sought to identify if there is recent evidence to support a prominent role for the internal lining of

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20

Thompson, Brennan J., and Jennifer Xu. "Isokinetic Dynamometer Leg Extensor Peak Torque Measurement: A Time-Delayed Reliability and Score Selection Analysis Study." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 8, no. 2 (2023): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8020062.

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The reliability of isokinetic peak torque (PT) has been reported mostly using a short-term (<~10 day) inter-trial testing time frame. However, many studies and programs utilize a long-term (several weeks to months) inter-trial testing period. Additionally, the methods by which the PT value is selected and reported from a multiple rep testing scheme have not been well investigated for both reliability and PT absolute performance comparisons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term reliability of isokinetic and isometric PT of the leg extensors with an emphasis on the diffe

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21

Levin, JZ, and HR Horvitz. "The Caenorhabditis elegans unc-93 gene encodes a putative transmembrane protein that regulates muscle contraction." Journal of Cell Biology 117, no. 1 (1992): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.117.1.143.

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unc-93 is one of a set of five interacting genes involved in the regulation or coordination of muscle contraction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Rare altered-function alleles of unc-93 result in sluggish movement and a characteristic "rubber band" uncoordinated phenotype. By contrast, null alleles cause no visibly abnormal phenotype, presumably as a consequence of the functional redundancy of unc-93. To understand better the role of unc-93 in regulating muscle contraction, we have cloned and molecularly characterized this gene. We isolated transposon-insertion alleles and used them to identify the

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22

Zhao, W., and H. Guenard. "Effect of nitric oxide on in vitro responsiveness of bovine bronchus and pulmonary vessels." European Respiratory Journal 8, no. 5 (1995): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.95.08050755.

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Experiments were conducted in bovine isolated bronchi and pulmonary vessels to test whether nitric oxide (NO) could reduce carbachol and hypoxia or KCl (120 mM) induced contraction. Segments of bronchus or pulmonary vessels were slipped around a water-filled balloon connected to a pressure transducer, and mounted in 3 ml thermostated chamber filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution equilibrated with different gas mixtures. NO-CO2-N2 mixtures containing 10, 50 or 100 ppm NO were prepared. The effect of methylene blue on intrinsic tone and the bias effect of residual red blood cells were assessed. T

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Yu, Junsheng, Xiangqing Wang, Xiaodong Chen, and Jinglin Guo. "Automatic Premature Ventricular Contraction Detection Using Deep Metric Learning and KNN." Biosensors 11, no. 3 (2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11030069.

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Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), common in the general and patient population, are irregular heartbeats that indicate potential heart diseases. Clinically, long-term electrocardiograms (ECG) collected from the wearable device is a non-invasive and inexpensive tool widely used to diagnose PVCs by physicians. However, analyzing these long-term ECG is time-consuming and labor-intensive for cardiologists. Therefore, this paper proposed a simplistic but powerful approach to detect PVC from long-term ECG. The suggested method utilized deep metric learning to extract features, with compact

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Loftus, Andrea M., Michael E. R. Nicholls, Jason B. Mattingley, Heidi L. Chapman, and John L. Bradshaw. "Pseudoneglect for the Bisection of Mental Number Lines." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 62, no. 5 (2009): 925–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210802305318.

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Patients with unilateral neglect of the left side bisect physical lines to the right whereas individuals with an intact brain bisect lines slightly to the left (pseudoneglect). Similarly, for mental number lines, which are arranged in a left-to-right ascending sequence, neglect patients bisect to the right. This study determined whether individuals with an intact brain show pseudoneglect for mental number lines. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with visual number triplets (e.g., 16, 36, 55) and determined whether the numerical distance was greater on the left or right side of the i

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Devasahayam, S. R., and T. G. Sandercock. "Velocity of shortening of single motor units from rat soleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 67, no. 5 (1992): 1133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.67.5.1133.

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1. The force-velocity relationship of a motor unit can provide insight into the contractile proteins of its constituent fibers as well as fundamental information about the function and use of the motor unit. Although the force-velocity profiles of whole muscle and skinned mammalian fibers have been studied, technical difficulties have prevented similar studies on motor units. A technique is presented to directly measure the velocity of shortening of individual motor units from in vivo rat soleus muscle. 2. The soleus muscles of anesthetized rats were dissected free of surrounding tissue while

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Nur-Farihin, Mohamad Helmi, Anani Aila Mat Zin, Ahmad Aizat Abdul Aziz, Mohd Nizam Md hashim, Farid Che Ghazali, and Ikhwan Sani Mohamad. "Wound Healing in Rats Intraperitoneally Treated with Sea Cucumber Stichopus vastus (Glycosaminoglycans)." Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine 6, S1 (2022): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.s1.575.

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Marine creature such as sea cucumbers are rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). It is famous and has long been utilised as traditional remedies and commonly used in wound healing therapy. This study is designed to explore the effect of GAGs in sea cucumber especially GAGs from integument wall of Stichopus vastus for wound healing study by intra-peritoneally injected to rats daily.  Complete randomised design was used in this study where a total of twenty male Sprague-dawley rats were divided to 4 groups; 3 treatment groups of GAGs (2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg) and one control group o

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Benson, M. J., F. D. Castillo, D. L. Wingate, J. Demetrakopoulos, and N. M. Spyrou. "The computer as referee in the analysis of human small bowel motility." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 264, no. 4 (1993): G645—G654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1993.264.4.g645.

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The aim of this study was to determine whether visual analysis of graphic records of small bowel motility is a reliable method of discriminating pressure events caused by bowel wall contraction from those of extraenteric origin and to compare this method with computerized analysis. Each of six independent observers was supplied with the same pair of records of 1 h of fasting diurnal duodenojejunal motility, acquired with a 3-channel ambulant data-logging system; one record included many artifacts due to body movement while the other did not. The observers were asked to identify and classify pr

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Li, Y., N. L. Lu, S. Shi, et al. "Suppression of reentrant spin glass and induced zero-field-cooled exchange bias by lattice contraction in NiMnSbAl alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 766 (October 2018): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.06.371.

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LaCour-Little, Michael, and Arsenio Staer. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 19, no. 4 (2016): 493–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100230.

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This paper uses hedonic regression to examine prices in the Christchurch housing market before, and after, the recent severe earthquakes. Prices were relatively stable prior to the earthquakes but increased rapidly thereafter, consistent with the contraction of supply and increased demand from displaced households and a net influx of workers involved in the rebuilding effort. In addition, we find that the use of auctions increased after the earthquakes and that auctioned properties command significantly higher prices as compared to other sales methods, helping to explain the increased interest

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N. Price, Gregory, and Juliet U. Elu. "Does regional currency integration ameliorate global macroeconomic shocks in sub-Saharan Africa? The case of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis." Journal of Economic Studies 41, no. 5 (2014): 737–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2011-0092.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider whether regional currency integration in sub-Saharan Africa ameliorates global macroeconomic shocks by considering the impact of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis on economic growth. This suggests that Central Africa Franc Zone (CFAZ) eurocurrency union membership amplifies the effects of global business cycles in sub-Saharan Africa. Design/methodology/approach – The authors estimate the parameters of a quantity theory model of economic growth within a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) Framework. Findings – Parameter estimates from GEE

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Lin, Kuang-Hui, and Chih-Wen Shih. "Multiple Almost Periodic Solutions in Nonautonomous Delayed Neural Networks." Neural Computation 19, no. 12 (2007): 3392–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.19.12.3392.

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A general methodology that involves geometric configuration of the network structure for studying multistability and multiperiodicity is developed. We consider a general class of nonautonomous neural networks with delays and various activation functions. A geometrical formulation that leads to a decomposition of the phase space into invariant regions is employed. We further derive criteria under which the n-neuron network admits 2n exponentially stable sets. In addition, we establish the existence of 2n exponentially stable almost periodic solutions for the system, when the connection strength

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Coolbaugh, Crystal L., Emily C. Bush, Charles F. Caskey, Bruce M. Damon, and Theodore F. Towse. "FloWave.US: validated, open-source, and flexible software for ultrasound blood flow analysis." Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 4 (2016): 849–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00819.2015.

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Automated software improves the accuracy and reliability of blood velocity, vessel diameter, blood flow, and shear rate ultrasound measurements, but existing software offers limited flexibility to customize and validate analyses. We developed FloWave.US —open-source software to automate ultrasound blood flow analysis—and demonstrated the validity of its blood velocity (aggregate relative error, 4.32%) and vessel diameter (0.31%) measures with a skeletal muscle ultrasound flow phantom. Compared with a commercial, manual analysis software program, FloWave.US produced equivalent in vivo cardiac c

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Lombardi, Denis, Irina Gorodetskaya, Guilhem Barruol, and Thierry Camelbeeck. "Thermally induced icequakes detected on blue ice areas of the East Antarctic ice sheet." Annals of Glaciology 60, no. 79 (2019): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aog.2019.26.

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ABSTRACTOver a year of seismic observations, ~5000 short duration icequakes were detected by a permanent broadband station installed at the Princess Elisabeth base, located ~180 km inland in eastern Dronning Maud Land, East-Antarctica. Icequake detection via seismic waveform pattern recognition indicates the presence of two dominating clusters of events, totalizing ~1500 icequakes. The corresponding icequake locations point towards two distinct zones of outcropping blue ice areas (BIAs) located respectively at 4 and 1 km from the seismic station, both on the leeward side of a nunatak protrudin

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Stahlbush, Robert E., Qing Chun Jon Zhang, Anant K. Agarwal, and Nadeemullah A. Mahadik. "Effect of Stacking Faults Originating from Half Loop Arrays on Electrical Behavior of 10 kV 4H-SiC PiN Diodes." Materials Science Forum 717-720 (May 2012): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.387.

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The effects of Shockley stacking faults (SSFs) that originate from half loop arrays (HLAs) on the forward voltage and reverse leakage were measured in 10 kV 4H-SiC PiN diodes. The presence of HLAs and basal plane dislocations in each diode in a wafer was determined by ultraviolet photoluminescence imaging of the wafer before device fabrication. The SSFs were expanded by electrical stressing under forward bias of 30 A/cm2, and contracted by annealing at 550 °C. The electrical stress increased both the forward voltage and reverse leakage. Annealing returned the forward voltage and reverse leakag

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Carr, Richard, Justin Schilling, Jianliang Song та ін. "β-arrestin–biased signaling through the β2-adrenergic receptor promotes cardiomyocyte contraction". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, № 28 (2016): E4107—E4116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606267113.

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β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) are critical regulators of acute cardiovascular physiology. In response to elevated catecholamine stimulation during development of congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic activation of Gs-dependent β1AR and Gi-dependent β2AR pathways leads to enhanced cardiomyocyte death, reduced β1AR expression, and decreased inotropic reserve. β-blockers act to block excessive catecholamine stimulation of βARs to decrease cellular apoptotic signaling and normalize β1AR expression and inotropy. Whereas these actions reduce cardiac remodeling and mortality outcomes, the effects a

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Foote, Michael. "Environmental controls on geographic range size in marine animal genera." Paleobiology 40, no. 3 (2014): 440–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13056.

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Here I test the hypothesis that temporal variation in geographic range size within genera is affected by the expansion and contraction of their preferred environments. Using occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, I identify genera that have a significant affinity for carbonate or terrigenous clastic depositional environments that transcends the Database's representation of these environments during the stratigraphic range of each genus. These affinity assignments are not a matter of arbitrarily subdividing a continuum in preference; rather, genera form distinct, nonrandom subsets with

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Jou, Jerwen, Gary E. Leka, Dawn M. Rogers, and Yolanda E. Matus. "Contraction Bias in Memorial Quantifying Judgment: Does It Come from a Stable Compressed Memory Representation or a Dynamic Adaptation Process?" American Journal of Psychology 117, no. 4 (2004): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4148991.

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Li, En Ling, Peng Fei Zhu, Tao Zhao, De Ming Ma, and Xue Wen Wang. "Study of Electronic Structures and Transport Properties on Saturated GaN Nanowires." Advanced Materials Research 465 (February 2012): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.465.118.

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Geometry structure, electronic structure and electronic transport properties of saturated hexagonal single crystalline GaN nanowires in the [001] growth direction have been investigated based on generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of density functional theory (DFT) and non-equilibrium green's function (NEGF) method. The results show, there is a contraction of the bond lengths of the saturated GaN nanowires after optimization; the nanowires have direct band gap, and band gap decreases with the increase of the cross section of nanowires; the electronic density of state and electronic transm

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Aguech, Rafik, Nabil Lasmar, and Hosam Mahmoud. "Limit distribution of distances in biased random tries." Journal of Applied Probability 43, no. 2 (2006): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1152413729.

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The trie is a sort of digital tree. Ideally, to achieve balance, the trie should grow from an unbiased source generating keys of bits with equal likelihoods. In practice, the lack of bias is not always guaranteed. We investigate the distance between randomly selected pairs of nodes among the keys in a biased trie. This research complements that of Christophi and Mahmoud (2005); however, the results and some of the methodology are strikingly different. Analytical techniques are still useful for moments calculation. Both mean and variance are of polynomial order. It is demonstrated that the stan

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Aguech, Rafik, Nabil Lasmar, and Hosam Mahmoud. "Limit distribution of distances in biased random tries." Journal of Applied Probability 43, no. 02 (2006): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200001704.

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Thetrieis a sort of digital tree. Ideally, to achieve balance, the trie should grow from an unbiased source generating keys of bits with equal likelihoods. In practice, the lack of bias is not always guaranteed. We investigate the distance between randomly selected pairs of nodes among the keys in a biased trie. This research complements that of Christophi and Mahmoud (2005); however, the results and some of the methodology are strikingly different. Analytical techniques are still useful for moments calculation. Both mean and variance are of polynomial order. It is demonstrated that the standa

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JOÃO, FILIPA, ANTÓNIO VELOSO, SANDRA AMADO, PAULO ARMADA-DA-SILVA, and ANA C. MAURÍCIO. "CAN GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE COMPENSATE FOR MARKER SKIN MOVEMENT IN RAT KINEMATICS?" Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, no. 05 (2014): 1450065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519414500651.

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The motion of the skeletal estimated from skin attached marker-based motion capture(MOCAP) systems is known to be affected by significant bias caused by anatomical landmarks mislocation but especially by soft tissue artifacts (such as skin deformation and sliding, inertial effects and muscle contraction). As a consequence, the error associated with this bias can propagate to joint kinematics and kinetics data, particularly in small rodents. The purpose of this study was to perform a segmental kinematic analysis of the rat hindlimb during locomotion, using both global optimization as well as se

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Moura, Elaine Cristina Santa Cruz de, Tatyane Gomes de Oliveira, Beatriz Luiza Marinho Cunha, and Patrícia Érika de Melo Marinho. "EFFECTIVENESS OF WHOLE BODY VIBRATION ON QUADRICEPS STRENGTH AND VERTICAL JUMP IN HEALTHY ATHLETES: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Revista Interdisciplinar de Promoção da Saúde 8, no. 1 (2025): 173–84. https://doi.org/10.17058/rips.v8i1.18558.

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Introduction: whole body vibration (WBV) is currently a training method increasingly used as an adjunct in sports to improve strength performance in various sports. Being a muscle training widely used for demanding sports practices of athletes who are physically well prepared for better performances. In addition, the literature shows that physical training with aerobic and resistance exercises promotes an improvement in the regenerative capacity of the athlete. However, the literature does not present systematic review studies on the effect of WBV on muscle strength in athletes. Objective: Thi

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Kolding, Line, Hilal Eken, and Niels Uldbjerg. "Drug exposure during pregnancy and fetal cardiac function – a systematic review." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 48, no. 3 (2020): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2019-0402.

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AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this systematic review was to describe the effects of drug exposure during pregnancy on fetal cardiac function.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and SCOPUS for studies assessing fetal cardiac function in drug-exposed human pregnancies. Risk of bias was assessed by the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBIN-I) tool.ResultsWe included 32 studies on eight different drug groups. They included 51 outcome variables, which were all based on ultrasound techniques primarily assessing systolic function: pulsed wave Doppler, tissue Doppler i

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Xu, Lei, Longcan Chen, Bo Zhu, et al. "Influence of Exit Setting Angle of Guide Vane on Bias Flow in Outlet Passage of Slanted Axial Flow Pump System." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 8 (2025): 1413. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081413.

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A slanted axial-flow pump is extensively applied in coastal pumping stations; however, severe bias flow within the outlet passage will result in unstable operation and low efficiency of the slanted axial flow pump system. In order to mitigate bias flow in a slanted axial-flow pump outlet passage, seven exit setting angle schemes of the guide vanes were designed. The influence mechanisms of the guide vane exit setting angle on internal flow characteristics, hydraulic loss, flow deviation coefficient, vortex evolution patterns, and pump system efficiency were systematically investigated. The res

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Amos, William, Danica Kosanović, and Anders Eriksson. "Inter-allelic interactions play a major role in microsatellite evolution." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1818 (2015): 20152125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2125.

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Microsatellite mutations identified in pedigrees confirm that most changes involve the gain or loss of single repeats. However, an unexpected pattern is revealed when the resulting data are plotted on standardized scales that range from the shortest to longest allele at a locus. Both mutation rate and mutation bias reveal a strong dependency on allele length relative to other alleles at the same locus. We show that models in which alleles mutate independently cannot explain these patterns. Instead, both mutation probability and direction appear to involve interactions between homologues in het

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Low, Cheng Yee, M. Amlie A. Kasim, Roseleena Jaafar, and Ahmed Jaffar. "Towards Biomimetic Actuation in Prostheses Using Shape Memory Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 960–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.960.

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Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) has been identified as an ideal candidate to actuate the finger joints of hand prosthesis due to its silent operation, small size, high force to weight ratio and operational similarity with human muscles. When current is applied to a SMA wire, the material is heated up. A phase transformation from Martensite to Austenite takes place and the wire contracts. This work evaluates the displacement and force produced from the contraction of a type of SMA wire, i.e. Nitinol (Ni-Ti). The displacement is determined by a linear potentiometer while the force is determined by a lo

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Bello, I. S., Abdullahi, S., and Bala, A. H. "EFFECTS OF COVID19 ON FOOD SECURITY IN WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA." Nigerian Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology 4, no. 3 (2024): 326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/njaat.v4i3.806.

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The study examined the effects of Covid-19 on food security in Western Zone of Bauchi State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technic was employed in selecting 200 respondents for the study. Data were obtained using structured questionnaires and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result reveals that majority (79.5%, 77.5% and 73%) of the respondents were primarily farmers, non-members of cooperatives and agree that covid19 affects household food security, respectively. The findings also shows that majority (75%, 69% and 60.5%) of the respondents were male, married and

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Lecocq, Tom, Arnaud Gouelle, and Nicolas Tordi. "HOW TO MEASURE GYMNAST UPPER BODY RELATIVE STRENGTH ON STILL RINGS WITH A PAIR OF STRAIN GAUGES." Science of Gymnastics Journal 17, no. 2 (2025): 233–41. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.17.2.233-241.

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Over the last few decades, the development of the Code of Points, which defines the values for each gymnastic skill as well as possible errors, has brought with it the ubiquitous need for strength and hold elements (Group II) and Swing to strength hold elements (Group III) in order to be competitive on the still rings. This apparatus will be crucial in the upcoming Olympic cycle, therefor it's important to keep a close eye on gymnasts’ progress. Despite being the gold standard, force plates are a costly and unwieldy piece of equipment for a federation interested in measuring strength. The purp

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T, Poorna Shree. "Low Power Digital Image Compression Using Approximate Adders." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (2022): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45214.

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Abstract: Low power is one of the arising trend in field of VLSI which can be used in multimedia bias employing colorful signal processing algorithms and armature. In utmost multimedia operation mortal beings can gather useful information from incorrect afFull Adderir. Thus we don’t need to produce an exact correct numerical afFull Adderir. So we're using different adders to apply this algorithm in signal processing. We design infrastructures for videotape and image contraction algorithms using the proposed approximate computation units and estimate them to demonstrate the efficiency of our ap

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Ferreira, Ricardo Maia, Rafael Silva, Pedro Vigário, et al. "The Effects of Massage Guns on Performance and Recovery: A Systematic Review." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 8, no. 3 (2023): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8030138.

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The use of massage guns has become increasingly popular in recent years. Although their use is more and more common, both in a clinical and sports context, there is still little information to guide the practitioners. This systematic review aimed to determine the effects of massage guns in healthy and unhealthy populations as pre- and post-activity or part of a treatment. Data sources used were PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, and the study eligibility criteria were based on “healthy and unhealthy individuals”, “massage guns”, “pre-activity, post-activity

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