Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contractors Qualifications'

Contractor pre-qualification is characterised as a multi-criteria problem with uncertain inputs. The criteria used for pre-qualification includes qualitative and quantitative information. Owing to the nature of pre-qualification, which depends on subjective judgements of construction professionals, it becomes an art rather than a science. Two approaches are found in the literature to model the contractor's pre-qualification criteria; Linear and non-linear models. The main aim of this research is to offer a rational method for contractor prequalification that enables to pre-qualify the contractors who are able to achieve the client's objectives. The main question guiding the research is how to be sure that the selected contractor is able to achieve the client's objectives. It is believed that there is an indirect relationship between the contractor's attributes and the contractor's ability to achieve the client's objectives. The time, cost and quality overruns of a project have been used as indicators to measure the contractor's ability to achieve client's objectives. To achieve this aim, the methodologies used included literature review, questionnaires, surveys, and hypothetical and real-life case studies. This work suggested improvements to the previous contractor pre-qualification models by using a hybrid model, combining the merits of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Neural Networks (NN) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) in one consolidated model called the Genetic Neural Network (GNN) model. AHP was used to establish relative weights of the contractor's pre-qualification criteria; NN was used as the main processing tool to find a relationship between the contractor's attributes and his performance. The GA was used to select the appropriate topology of the network. The data collected from questionnaires 1 and 2 were utilized to establish relative weights of contractors attributes. Hypothetical and real-life case studies from executed projects in the Gaza Strip and West Bank were collected through structured questionnaires. The actual evaluation of the contractor's attributes and the actual performance of the contractor in these projects in terms of overrun of time, cost and quality were collected. The weighted attributes were used as inputs to the GNN model. The corresponding time, cost, and quality overruns for the same case were fed as outputs to the GNN model in a supervised learning back propagation neural network. The adopted training and testing processes to develop a trained model are presented. The accuracy of the model was investigated using Average Absolute Error *^ (AAE), Mean Square Error (MSE) and correlation co-efficient (R ). The factors: AAE; MSE; and R2 showed a very good accuracy when comparing model prediction with actual real-life cases. The results revealed that there is a satisfactory relationship between the contractor attributes and the corresponding performance in terms of contractor's deviation from the client objectives. The GNN model is able to predict future contractor performance in terms of time, cost, and quality overruns. Therefore, the evolved model is able to predict the contractor performance. Key words: Pre-qualification, Contractors, Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithm, Model, Contractor Performance.

Public contracts constitute a special method of making contracts, where one side is represented by a public contractor, who intends to expend public funds. There are legal adjustments aimed to make this expenditure effective and economical. The domain of public contracts is also significant for the European Union, and there are standard procedures which should guarantee that subjects from any member state can apply for the public contracts. Consequently the public contracts adjustment is also included in the European law, in the form of directions. The topic of public contracts is a very complex one, therefore in my research I concentrate only on its more important aspects. First, I follow the historic development in this domain and how it was influenced by European law. Then I discuss the main institutes of public contracts, such as the definition of public contract itself, individual assignment procedures, the issue of qualification, methods of offer evaluation and law supervision. In the final part I provide some findings from application practice. Basic conclusions of my work identify the excessively complicated and formal legal regulations, which are often consequence of frequent changes of public contracts legislation, to be a main obstacle for the proper law application. In my opinion, the solution to this situation should consist in stabilizing the legal regulations in its present form. This would mean that the emerging problems could be solved by judicial doctrina.

O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar uma análise profunda sobre os contratos built to suit ou contratos de locação nos contratos de construção ajustada. Para tanto, parte-se do exame das peculiaridades, obrigações e dos deveres inerentes a esse modelo contratual. A partir daí, com base na teoria dos contratos atípicos, busca-se apresentar as variáveis e os critérios que podem nortear sua qualificação e, como consequência, a definição das regras a ele aplicáveis. Pretende-se também apresentar o exame do contrato no contexto de conexão negocial no qual ele normalmente se insere na prática jurídica. As conclusões dessa análise serão, ao final, examinadas à luz da Lei do Inquilinato, especialmente das alterações incluídas pela Lei nº. 12.744, de 19 de dezembro de 2012.
The purpose of this essay is to present an in-depth assessment of built to suit contracts or lease agreements in adjusted construction contracts. To that end, this essay will first analyze the particularities, obligations and duties that are inherent to that contractual type. Subsequently, based on the unregulated contracts doctrine, this essay will seek to present the variables and criteria that may serve as guidelines to qualify those contracts and, accordingly, to unveil the rules applicable to them. This paper will also examine those contracts in their business context from a legal practice perspective. Lastly, the conclusions of this assessment will be considered in light of the Brazilian Tenancy Law, and more specifically of the amendments brought by Law No. 12,744, of December 19, 2012.

Le concept de contrat de financement participatif des œuvres de l’esprit, est ignoré de la théorie générale du contrat, tout comme des contrats d’auteur. La pratique a façonné un nouveau genre de contrat encore méconnu du droit. Les faits anticipant le droit, un travail de qualification est nécessaire et primordial pour l’étude et le maniement du concept. Le renouvellement des modes de diffusion et d'exploitation des œuvres conduit à l'apparition de conventions apparemment innommées créées par la pratique, conventions qu'il convient de confronter non seulement aux modèles du droit d'auteur, mais aussi de la théorie générale des obligations. Ce contrat de financement participatif ne fait qu'entourer la levée de fonds réalisée auprès d’un large public de particuliers pour financer un projet spécifique via une plate-forme sur internet est rattaché selon les modèles de plate-forme, soit au droit d'auteur soit au droit civil. La fonction de modèle du contrat nommé impose de confronter le contrat de financement participatif, aux modèles du genre que sont les contrats spéciaux du code civil, ainsi que ceux du code de la propriété intellectuelle. Ce travail de rattachement présente un intérêt pratique évident : éclairer et compléter le régime des contrats, en donnant un cadre juridique à de nouvelles formes de conventions. Il sera révélé que cette confrontation ne se fait pas sans heurts, notamment quant au régime envisageable, et qu’il apparaît nécessaire de faire du contrat de financement participatif, un contrat spécial
The concept of a contract for the participatory financing of works of the mind is ignored by the general theory of the contract, as well as by contracts of authorship. Practice has shaped a new kind of contract that is still unrecognized in law. Facts anticipating law, this work of qualification is necessary and primordial for the study and the handling of the concept. The renewal of the modes of dissemination and exploitation of works leads to the appearance of apparently unnamed conventions created by practice, which should be confronted not only with copyright models but also with the general theory of obligations. This participative financing contract merely entails the raising of funds made with a large public of individuals to finance a specific project via a platform on the Internet is attached according to models of platform, either to the civil law. The model function of the named contract imposes a confrontation of the participatory financing contract with the models of the kind that are the special contracts of the civil code, as well as those of the code of the intellectual property. This work of attachment is of obvious practical interest: to clarify and complete the contract system, giving a legal framework to new forms of agreements. It will be revealed that this confrontation is not uneven, particularly about the possible regime, and that it appears necessary to make the contract of participatory financing, a special contract

The mortgage industry played a major role in the recession faced by the U.S. economy in 2008, with approximately 8.8 million borrowers, or 10.8% of all homeowners, with negative equity in their homes. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies mortgage loan executives use to prequalify mortgage loan applicants. The target population consisted of 8 mortgage executives at 5 mortgage lending firms located in northwest Arkansas who demonstrated strategies to enhance the prequalification of mortgage loan applicants. The conceptual framework for the study was the theory of asymmetric information. In-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted and the home loan toolkit and standard disclosure packets were reviewed. The data analysis technique used in this study followed Yin's 5-step data analysis process. Each interview response was interpreted, synthesized, and shared with the participant for validation during the follow-up member checking meeting. I coded the data to identify similarities in the data and prevalent themes, and to align the new data with previous literature. Based on methodological triangulation and thematic analysis, 4 themes emerged: counseling, government guidelines and regulation, disclosure, and literacy. Social change benefits include a more knowledgeable mortgage consumer that will benefit from enhanced education by the mortgage lender, which may result in lower mortgage defaults. This can increase homeowners' self-esteem, provide for community growth and development, and stabilize, and eventually grow, property tax revenues that could strengthen communities by expanding services and improving infrastructure.

Le contrat d'assurance bénéficie d'un régime spécifique, énoncé dans le code des assurances. Néanmoins il ne fait l'objet d'aucune définition législative. Or, comme la mise en œuvre d'un régime dépend de l'opération de qualification et que les entreprises d'assurance sont astreintes à un principe de spécialité, l'identification des éléments constitutifs de la catégorie est une nécessité. Jusqu'à présent, ni la jurisprudence, ni la doctrine n'ont apporté de définition pleinement convaincante. En effet, s'il existe un consensus pour définir le contrat d'assurance comme une convention dans laquelle une partie garantit un risque en échange du paiement d'une prime, il demeure que les notions de risque et de garantie suscitent de nombreuses interrogations. La qualification du contrat d'assurance implique de définir en premier lieu la notion conceptuelle de ce contrat, élaborée à partir de sa cause typique. Elle implique de préciser la cause des contrats aléatoires, ainsi que d'éclairer le contenu de la notion de garantie, notion complexe qui renvoie à la mutualisation des risques. Par ailleurs, il existe des situations dans lesquelles le régime du contrat d'assurance est appliqué à d'autres contrats, en raison de choix politiques. Il existe donc des notions fonctionnelles de contrat d'assurance. Ainsi, les entreprises d'assurance souscrivent des contrats de pari qui échappent à l'exception de jeu car ils servent une fonction de garantie. De plus, depuis 2004, le régime de faveur en matière fiscale et patrimoniale réservé aux contrats d'assurance-vie est applicable aux contrats commutatifs d'épargne souscrits auprès des entreprises d'assurance
The insurance contract has a dedicated regime, described in the insurance code. Nevertheless, it has no legal definition. However, as the implementation of a regime depends on the qualification, and the insurance companies are bound by a principle of specialty, an identification of the elements constituting the category of the insurance contract is needed. Nevertheless, neither jurisprudence nor doctrine has provided a fully convincing definition. Indeed, while there is consensus that the insurance contract should be defined as an agreement in which a party guarantees a risk in exchange for the payment of a premium, the fact remains that the notions of risk and guarantee raise many questions. Undertaking the qualification of the insurance contract implies first defining the conceptual notion of this contract, developed based on its typical cause. It involves detailing the cause of aleatory contracts, as well as clarifying the content of the notion of guarantee, a complex notion that refers to the risk-pooling technique. In addition, there are some situations in which the regime of the insurance contract is applied to conceptually distinct contracts because of political choices. There are therefore functional notions of insurance contract. Indeed, insurance companies subscribe to gambling contracts which escape the gambling exclusion because they serve as a guarantee. Moreover, since 2004, the preferential tax and heritage regime for life insurance policies is now also applicable to savings contracts subscribed to insurance companies, despite their commutative nature

Suite à l’émergence de nouveaux moyens de communication et de transport, la seconde moitié du XXème siècle a connu un développement massif de la société internationale et des règles de droit attenantes. Malgré cet essor, la pensée de Bartin selon laquelle les règles de droit interne se projettent dans l’ordre international, ainsi que la mise en lumière de l’antériorité du droit interne par Batiffol, amènent à croire que le droit international privé n’est que le strict reflet du droit interne. Le droit international privé, bien qu’international par son objet, reste alors traditionnellement attaché au droit national pour y puiser sa source. Les relations juridiques entre personnes privées, comportant ou non un élément d’extranéité, sont ainsi envisagées au travers du prisme du droit interne. L’influence se réalise dès lors naturellement dans le sens du droit privé interne vers le droit international privé. Le but de cette étude est de rechercher et de justifier l’apparition d’un mouvement inverse : existe-il aujourd’hui une influence du droit international privé sur le droit interne français ? Le droit international privé, de par ses méthodes (la qualification, les règles de conflit, les règles matérielles) et son approche particulière des rapports de droit, détachée parfois de certaines considérations nationales, permettrait dorénavant de percevoir certaines faces cachées du droit interne. Si cette intuition venait à être confirmée, le droit international privé, tant conflictuel que matériel, devrait alors être considéré comme un modèle juridique moderne exerçant sa force d’attraction dans le droit interne qui l’avait initialement fait éclore
Following the emergence of new means of communication and transportation, the second half of the twentieth century witnessed a massive development of the international society with its corresponding legal rules. However, the thought of Bartin that domestic law rules are projected into the international legal order, added to Batiffol opinion that domestic law always takes precedence over international law, lead us to believe that Private International Law is nothing but a strict reflection of domestic law. Although international by its object, Private International Law remains traditionally linked to domestic law where it draws its source. Therefore, whether or not containing a foreign element, legal relations between private persons are always considered through the prism of internal law. In that sense, domestic law does naturally shape International Private Law.The aim of this study is to investigate and justify the reverse movement : is there today an influence of Private International Law toward French law? By its methods (such as qualification, conflict of law rules or substantive rules), Private International Law in a specific approach of legal relationships that is detached from domestic considerations, allows to perceive some hidden aspects of internal law. If this were to be a confirmed intuition, conflicting and substantive Private International Law, should then be considered a new modern legal model, influencing the domestic law in which it originally blossomed

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering, 11 August 2015
This research set out to investigate two relationships; the relationship between technical qualifications and emerging contractor project performance, and the relationship between experience and emerging contractor project performance. The focus was on emerging contractors in the public sector. This study was motivated by the notion that emerging contractors generally fail and have poor project performance. The objective of the report was to determine the general factors that affect emerging contractor performance and demonstrate the relationship between competence and project performance. Information pertaining to progress and performance for thirty projects from a government institution in Mpumalanga Province was collected. This information included contact details of the contractors who conducted the 30 government infrastructure projects. The contact details were used to collect contractors’ curriculum vitaes and company profiles in order to extract information on qualifications and experience. Literature has shown that the most prevalent issues facing emerging contractors in South Africa can be attributed to the contractors’ competencies. These competencies include skills, experience, qualifications and project management knowledge. Other factors that affect emerging contractor performance include project delays caused by late payments by clients, shortage of labour and lack of financial resources and equipment. The results of this study showed that contractors with technical qualifications and experience generally perform better than those with no technical background. It was also found that where there is no technical background, the level of education also affects the level of project performance. This study demonstrated the importance of the number of technical or construction related projects conducted by an emerging contractor company as compared to the number of years that the company has been in operation. The number of projects conducted, regardless of timeline, is more beneficial to project performance than the number of years in operation in the construction industry. This study recommends that focus should be drawn to the definite need to develop emerging contractor competence through skills development, training, collaborations and knowledge sharing. Competence development should focus on transferring technical knowledge and experience through policy formulation, collaboration of government and educational or training institutes. Focus should also be drawn to developing project management competence of emerging contractors in the South African public sector.

abstract: Qualifications based selection (QBS) of construction services uses a variety of criteria to evaluate proponents and select a contractor for the project. The criteria typically fall into three categories: past performance and technical capability, key personnel, and price, with price often being considered the most important factor in selection. Evaluation and the merits of the key personnel category is not well described or discussed in research. Prior research has investigated the evaluation criteria elements and their ability to differentiate proponents. This case study uses QBS evaluation data from fifty-eight construction projects to show that use of a structured interview process provides the highest level of differentiation of qualifications of proponents, as compared to the proposed price and the technical proposal. The results of the analysis also indicate: 1) the key personnel element (the interview) is statistically more important than price, 2) Contractors who propose on projects using QBS should use their best people in proposal response, and 3) Contractors should educate/prepare their teams for interviews, people count.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Construction 2014

La qualification est centrale à l'activité du juriste. Les règles de droit positif ne reçoivent application qu'au moment où les faits reçoivent une certaine qualification. Cette réalité prend une dimension particulière face au contrat, lequel est l'objet de multiples dispositions législatives. Le législateur a cru bon au fil du temps, de réglementer diverses formes contractuelles, les contrats nommés. On oppose à ceux-ci les contrats innommés, pure création extra-législative. La détermination de la nature du contrat passe par un processus de qualification indépendant de notions connexes et qui doit s'éloigner d'une méthode intuitive. La qualification du contrat passera principalement par l’analyse des obligations en vue d'identifier l'obligation fondamentale ou la prestation caractéristique du contrat. Il s'agit d'une analyse qu'on veut objective. Les parties auront peu d'influence sur la qualification qui sera ultérieurement donnée à leur contrat, celle-ci étant une question de droit en principe réservée au juge. Le juriste tentera d'abord de lier le contrat aux modèles nommés connus et prévus par le législateur, soit en lui donnant un seul nom ou en reconnaissant la nature mixte de la convention. Dans l'éventualité où ces tentatives ne sont pas concluantes, une qualification innommée devra être choisie. La distinction entre les différentes qualifications possible sera réalisée en fonction de la hiérarchie des obligations au contrat et par l'écart de celle-ci avec les modèles connus.
Qualification is paramount to any jurist. Rules of law can only be applied when particular facts are qualified accordingly. Contract law cannot escape this reality since all agreements are subject to numerous legal provisions, whether or not of public order. The law recognizes many contractual forms, which are deemed «named contracts», as opposed to «unnamed contracts», which are the result of a practical application. The nature of a contract is determined by an independant qualification process which excludes an intuitive method. Qualification will basically be achieved by the analysis of the obligations contained in the contract. This objective analysis will focus on the identification of a «fundamental obligation» or a «caracteristic prestation». Parties will have limited influence on the qualification of their contract, since this determination is a question of law and is left to the judicial authorities. Once the fundamental obligations are identified, the jurist will try to associate a specific contract with known legal contractual types. A contract may be related to a single type of contract or to many of them in the case of a mixed contract. If legal models are inapplicable, an unnamed qualification will be chosen. In order to distinguish between possible qualifications, one must examine the hierarchy of obligations in the contract and its proximity to known models.

碩士
國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
107
To regulate the procurement conducted by the tendering agency, the Government Procurement Act, regulations and criteria issued by the Public Construction Commission of Executive Yuan in accordance with the authorization of the act, has developed an integral procurement regulatory system. However, disputes of contractor selecting decisions, i.e. disputes of the invitation to tender, the evaluation of tender, or the award of contract, such as “The tendering specification or the qualification of tenderer prescribed by the tendering agency restrains competition unduly.”, “The qualification evaluation, the evaluation of tender, or the award of contract is inconsistent with the requirements of the tender documentation.”, still happen frequently in practice. Due to disputes related to “ tendering specification ”and “ qualification of tenderer ” are the bulk of disputes of contractor selecting decisions. Thus, this article focuses on the issue, introduces and reviews the legal system of contractor selecting. The government procurement is an approach that the Public (agency) cooperate with the Private to enforce administrative tasks. In response to the diversity of government procurement affairs, and the flexibility of regulations, there are so many indefinite legal concepts used in the Government Procurement Act, regulations and criteria. The agencies are given administrative discretion to make contractor selecting decisions in the law-empowered field. However, for the above-mentioned decisions, how the standard of judicial review that Judiciary should adopt? It’s also the focus of this article. This article, at first, introduces the legal system of contractor selecting in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, refers to regulations in relation to contractor selecting under Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) and the U.S. law, and observes how the U.S. courts apply judicial review to these contractor selecting decisions made by agencies. After examining Administrative Court’s cases in Taiwan, this article summarizes the current judicial practice, analyzes, and discusses the decision-making space (discretion) of the tendering agency for the invitation to tender, the evaluation of tender, or the award of contract in Chapter 4. At last, this article tries to propose a “reasonable” and “predictable” standard of judicial review, and several suggestions from the perspective of " Regulations in relation to Contractor Selecting " and "Judicial Review".

Selected issues of public procurement - tender requirements This thesis deals with the public contracts from the perspective of an important institute - "tender requirements". The thesis looks at the issues of tender requirements from perspective of the contracting authority in an open procedure. In the introduction (chapter I) thesis is briefly interpreted by the systematic and historical incorporation of law of public contracts. In the second chapter of the thesis tender requirements are unloaded according to the section 17 subparagraph l) Public Procurement Act, including the definition of the requirements of the contracting authority shall not, without complying with the terms and conditions. The third chapter includes the interpretation of the qualifications which are the nearest institute of tender requirements. In addition to the general definition and enumeration of each qualification it is summarized the common features of both group requirements. Whereas there is not a full list of tender requirements, some of the most important of them are enumerated in the fourth chapter. In the fifth chapter defines the circumstances that must be satisfied that the adjudicating entity validly established tender requirements. This is not only about the requirements for compliance with substantive requirements,...

Le contrat d'assurance bénéficie d'un régime spécifique, énoncé dans le code des assurances. Néanmoins il ne fait l'objet d'aucune définition législative. Or, comme la mise en œuvre d'un régime dépend de l'opération de qualification et que les entreprises d'assurance sont astreintes à un principe de spécialité, l'identification des éléments constitutifs de la catégorie est une nécessité. Jusqu'à présent, ni la jurisprudence, ni la doctrine n'ont apporté de définition pleinement convaincante. En effet, s'il existe un consensus pour définir le contrat d'assurance comme une convention dans laquelle une partie garantit un risque en échange du paiement d'une prime, il demeure que les notions de risque et de garantie suscitent de nombreuses interrogations. La qualification du contrat d'assurance implique de définir en premier lieu la notion conceptuelle de ce contrat, élaborée à partir de sa cause typique. Elle implique de préciser la cause des contrats aléatoires, ainsi que d'éclairer le contenu de la notion de garantie, notion complexe qui renvoie à la mutualisation des risques. Par ailleurs, il existe des situations dans lesquelles le régime du contrat d'assurance est appliqué à d'autres contrats, en raison de choix politiques. Il existe donc des notions fonctionnelles de contrat d'assurance. Ainsi, les entreprises d'assurance souscrivent des contrats de pari qui échappent à l'exception de jeu car ils servent une fonction de garantie. De plus, depuis 2004, le régime de faveur en matière fiscale et patrimoniale réservé aux contrats d'assurance-vie est applicable aux contrats commutatifs d'épargne souscrits auprès des entreprises d'assurance
The insurance contract has a dedicated regime, described in the insurance code. Nevertheless, it has no legal definition. However, as the implementation of a regime depends on the qualification, and the insurance companies are bound by a principle of specialty, an identification of the elements constituting the category of the insurance contract is needed. Nevertheless, neither jurisprudence nor doctrine has provided a fully convincing definition. Indeed, while there is consensus that the insurance contract should be defined as an agreement in which a party guarantees a risk in exchange for the payment of a premium, the fact remains that the notions of risk and guarantee raise many questions. Undertaking the qualification of the insurance contract implies first defining the conceptual notion of this contract, developed based on its typical cause. It involves detailing the cause of aleatory contracts, as well as clarifying the content of the notion of guarantee, a complex notion that refers to the risk-pooling technique. In addition, there are some situations in which the regime of the insurance contract is applied to conceptually distinct contracts because of political choices. There are therefore functional notions of insurance contract. Indeed, insurance companies subscribe to gambling contracts which escape the gambling exclusion because they serve as a guarantee. Moreover, since 2004, the preferential tax and heritage regime for life insurance policies is now also applicable to savings contracts subscribed to insurance companies, despite their commutative nature