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Journal articles on the topic 'Contracts for concurrency'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Wang, Yan, Jixin Li, Wansheng Liu, and Aiping Tan. "Efficient Concurrent Execution of Smart Contracts in Blockchain Sharding." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (February 18, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6688168.

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Throughput performance is a critical issue in blockchain technology, especially in blockchain sharding systems. Although sharding proposals can improve transaction throughput by parallel processing, the essence of each shard is still a small blockchain. Using serial execution of smart contract transactions, performance has not significantly improved, and there is still room for improvement. A smart contract concurrent execution strategy based on concurrency degree optimization is proposed for performance optimization within a single shard. This strategy is applied to each shard. First, it char

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Nienaltowski, Piotr, Bertrand Meyer, and Jonathan S. Ostroff. "Contracts for concurrency." Formal Aspects of Computing 21, no. 4 (2008): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00165-007-0063-2.

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Ostroff, Jonathan S., Faraz Ahmadi Torshizi, Hai Feng Huang, and Bernd Schoeller. "Beyond contracts for concurrency." Formal Aspects of Computing 21, no. 4 (2008): 319–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00165-008-0073-8.

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Dickerson, Thomas, Paul Gazzillo, Maurice Herlihy, and Eric Koskinen. "Adding concurrency to smart contracts." Distributed Computing 33, no. 3-4 (2019): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00446-019-00357-z.

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Chen, Zhihao, Tianji Yang, Yixiao Zheng, Zhao Zhang, Cheqing Jin, and Aoying Zhou. "Spectrum: Speedy and Strictly-Deterministic Smart Contract Transactions for Blockchain Ledgers." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 17, no. 10 (2024): 2541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3675034.3675045.

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Today, blockchain ledgers utilize concurrent deterministic execution schemes to scale up. However, ordering fairness is not preserved in these schemes: although they ensure all replicas achieve the same serial order, this order does not always align with the fair, consensus-established order when executing smart contracts with runtime-determined accesses. To preserve ordering fairness, an intuitive method is to concurrently execute transactions and re-execute any order-violating ones. This in turn increases unforeseen conflicts, leading to scaling bottlenecks caused by numerous costly aborts u

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Lee, Nam-Yong. "Hierarchical Multi-Blockchain System for Parallel Computation in Cryptocurrency Transfers and Smart Contracts." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (2021): 10173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110173.

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Most of the existing smart-contract-based cryptocurrencies, such as Ethereum, use an account-based ledger. However, while the account-based model is advantageous for the efficient use of smart contracts and the increased exchangeability of cryptocurrencies, it is not well-suited to the parallel execution of smart contracts. However, unspent transaction output (UTXO)-based cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin are advantageous for parallel cryptocurrency transfers but not well-suited to smart contracts. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical multi-blockchain system that uses multiple pairs of side

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Vandenbogaerde, Bram, Quentin Stiévenart, and Coen De Roover. "Blame-Correct Support for Receiver Properties in Recursively-Structured Actor Contracts." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 8, ICFP (2024): 515–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3674643.

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Actor languages model concurrency as processes that communicate through asynchronous message sends.Unfortunately, as the complexity of these systems increases, it becomes more difficult to compose and integrate their components. This is because of assumptions made by components about their communication partners which may not be upheld when they remain implicit. In this paper, we bring design-by-contract programming to actor programs through a contract system that enables expressing constraints on receiver-related properties.Expressing properties about the expected receiver of a message, and a

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Elysha Kamaruzaman, Nor, Ihsan Mohd Yassin, Azlee Zabidi, et al. "Blockchain Technology for Islamic Marriage Certificate." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.11 (2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.11.20802.

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In recent years, an individual under the pseudonym of Satoshi Nakamoto devised a revolutionary technology called blockchain as the engine behind the first decentralized virtual currency called Bitcoin. A radical concept departing from government-centric controlled currencies, Bitcoin has emerged as a disruptive technology with the power to revolutionize business and its processes. Advantages of the blockchain include decentralized control, immutability, elimination of central authority and solution of concurrency problems in traditional databases. Leveraging on the advantages of blockchain tec

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Peng, Xiangzhen, Xin Zhang, Xiaoyi Wang, et al. "Research on the Cross-Chain Model of Rice Supply Chain Supervision Based on Parallel Blockchain and Smart Contracts." Foods 11, no. 9 (2022): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091269.

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Rice is one of the three major staple foods in the world, and the quality and safety of rice are related to the development of human beings. The new crown epidemic, pesticide residues, insect pests, and heavy metal pollution have a certain security impact on the food supply chain. The rice supply chain is characterized by a long life cycle; complex roles in the main links; many types of hazards; and multidimensional, multisource, and heterogeneous information. To strengthen the rice supply chain’s supervision ability under the epidemic situation, a supervision cross-chain model suitable for th

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Zaidi, Syed Yawar Abbas, Munam Ali Shah, Hasan Ali Khattak, et al. "An Attribute-Based Access Control for IoT Using Blockchain and Smart Contracts." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (2021): 10556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910556.

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With opportunities brought by the Internet of Things (IoT), it is quite a challenge to maintain concurrency and privacy when a huge number of resource-constrained distributed devices are involved. Blockchain have become popular for its benefits, including decentralization, persistence, immutability, auditability, and consensus. Great attention has been received by the IoT based on the construction of distributed file systems worldwide. A new generation of IoT-based distributed file systems has been proposed with the integration of Blockchain technology, such as the Swarm and Interplanetary Fil

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Goldiner, Denys. "SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE SYSTEM DESIGN FOR THE MASS SERVICE SYSTEMS MODELING TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN GO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE." Bulletin of National Technical University "KhPI". Series: System Analysis, Control and Information Technologies, no. 1 (11) (July 30, 2024): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-0023.2024.01.14.

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The subject of the article is the methods and approaches to organizing the architecture of software implementation designed for modeling the behavior of mass service systems. The goal of the work is to design a software architecture for implementation in Go language, intended to replicate the behavior of various types of mass service systems, without considering the failure of individual service channels, using parallel computing. The article addresses the following tasks: consider the basis for designing the architecture and conclude its appropriateness; develop requirements for the future so

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A.Naveenkanth and Ms.B.Deepa. "A SURVEY A HYBRID MODEL FOR CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 2 (2023): 726–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i02.078.

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With the development of blockchain technology, research on digital currency is gaining popularity, especially Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), which is essential to the growth of a nation's economy. However, CBDC requires a more complicated system than other crypto currencies do. a stronger focus on supervision and controllable decentralization Therefore, the technical foundation that is in accordance with economic ecology, efficient consensus methods, and network architecture that conserves computer resources are essential elements of CBDC. In this study, we propose a modularity network-

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Abdulraoof, Sabah Erees. "The Inculcation of Custom In The Lease Contract: A Comparative Study." Akkad Journal Of Law And Public Policy 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.55202/ajlpp.v1i1.62.

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This article will discuss custom from a broad perspective by surveying selected court and tribunal rulings and relevant literature. It analyzes the place and nature of tradition, emphasizing objections to custom's legal applicability. The contract arises from the concurrence of two wills that tend towards creating a specific legal effect on the contracting parties and the contracted party. So it happens in the lease contract for the lessor and the lessee. The lease contract is one of the contracts that the Iraqi legislator has designated and regulated, with a summary of the contract's provisio

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Vogenauer, Stefan. "Regulatory Competition through Choice of Contract Law and Choice of Forum in Europe: Theory and Evidence." European Review of Private Law 21, Issue 1 (2013): 13–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2013002.

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Abstract: This article challenges the claim that there is regulatory competition in the areas of contract law and civil litigation. It is frequently assumed that lawmakers reform their contract laws and dispute resolution mechanisms with the purpose of attracting 'users', i.e., parties to cross-border contracts who choose the contract law or the courts of a given legal system. I shall discuss this assumption and its plausibility in the first part of this article. In the second part, I will test the assumption by presenting the available empirical evidence on the choices of contract law and for

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Viljanen, Mika. "Actor-Network Theory Contract Theory." European Review of Contract Law 16, no. 1 (2020): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2020-0005.

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AbstractFirms increasingly use complex hybrid governance structures to manage value generation networks. Empirical evidence demonstrates that the structures contain soft, “enforcement-challenged” contractual devices. Existing contract theories, however, fail to recognize and explain how these soft contract devices work as legal devices. The article seeks to address this failure.The article uses a conceptual innovation by Schepker et al to construct an actor-network theory (ANT) inspired contract theory. Schepker et al argued that contracts are best understood as often concurrently serving safe

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Sumantri, Mahfiar Fajar Akbar, S. Sami’an, and Sarwono Hardjomuljadi. "Concurrent Delay and Price Adjustment in Multi-Year Contracts: An Indonesian Construction Law Perspective." SIGn Jurnal Hukum 6, no. 2 (2025): 343–67. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.399.

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This research examines the legal implications of concurrent delay in price adjustments in multi-year contracts within Indonesian construction projects. The absence of specific regulations concerning concurrent delay in Law Number 2 of 2017 and its implementing regulations creates legal uncertainty and has the potential to trigger disputes. This research aims to comprehensively analyze the legal and empirical aspects of concurrent delay and price adjustments. Employing a normative juridical approach and case studies of construction projects experiencing concurrent delay, this research analyzes

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Gholami, Reza, Aisyah Abdul-Rahman, Fathin Faizah Said, and Nor Ghani Md Nor. "A Theoretical Analysis in Choosing Between Profit-Loss Sharing and Interest-Based Contracts: A Simple Game Model." ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 15, no. 3 (2023): 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55188/ijif.v15i3.614.

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Purpose — This study aims to investigate how participants decide between profit-loss sharing contracts (PLSC) and interest-based contracts (IBC) in an interactive environment. PLSC and IBC are two interesting financial arrangements. They are similar in that both transfer money from people who have excess money to those who are in need, but they are extremely different in sharing risks between participants. Design/Methodology/Approach — The participants’ profits change based on their role (as an investor or entrepreneur) and the selected contract because the contracts are entirely differe

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Lavikka, Rita Henriikka, Riitta Smeds, and Miia Jaatinen. "Coordinating collaboration in contractually different complex construction projects." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 20, no. 2 (2015): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-10-2014-0331.

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Purpose – The paper aims to compare the coordination of supply chain networks in contractually different complex construction projects. Design/methodology/approach – A comparative case study of the coordination of collaborative work in two successful hospital construction projects was conducted. One of the projects applied multiple dyadic contracts, whereas the other project applied one multi-party contract between the parties. The projects were located in the USA. Data were collected by observing the coordination on the construction sites for six weeks and by conducting 72 interviews. Finding

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Hansen, Ole, and Hamish George Ritchie. "Private Governance of Electricity Supply to End Users: The Range and Limitations of Unilateral Variation Clauses and Contractual Discretion in Commercial Electricity Supply Contracts." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 30, Issue 6 (2021): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2021024.

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Within the boundaries set by public regulation, the drive towards liberalized energy markets in Europe has created space for commercial contracts as a governance tool, aiming to align market activity with fundamental notions of public interest. Concurrently, contractual practice from electricity supply markets show suppliers reserve themselves the authority to change terms and conditions for business customers within the contract period. Such clauses challenge basic principles of contract law, potentially leaving business users in a regulative vacuum, where neither administrative nor contract

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20

Gommerstadt, Hannah, Limin Jia, and Frank Pfenning. "Session-typed concurrent contracts." Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming 124 (January 2022): 100731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlamp.2021.100731.

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21

Whittaker, Simon. "The application of the ‘broad principle of Hedley Byrne’ as between parties to a contract." Legal Studies 17, no. 01 (1997): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1997.tb00663.x.

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In Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd the House of Lords held, inter alia, that a party to a contract may rely on a tort committed by the other party, as long as doing so is not inconsistent with its express or implied terms. In doing so, it made clear (with respect, correctly) that the much-quoted passage in Lord Scarman's speech in Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd v Liu Chong Hing Bank Ltd should not be interpreted as assigning to contract an domain exclusive of tort and it thereby upheld the formerly predominant view which allowed concurrence of actions in tort and contract in principle. However, i

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Pertold, Filip, and Lenka Lakotova. "Retirees and motivation to work by the type of employment contract: impact of the Czech reform." International Journal of Manpower 41, no. 5 (2020): 595–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2019-0544.

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PurposeIn this paper, the authors analyse a 2010 legal reform in the Czech Republic, which allowed retirees to simultaneously receive regular pension benefits and to work on a permanent contract for a period longer than one year. Previously, concurrence of employment and receipt of retirement benefits were only allowed in conjunction with a temporary work contract with a maximum duration of one year.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ the difference-in-differences method. The authors include only males in the analysis because it is not possible to identify the legal retirement age fo

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Sandborn, Peter, Amir Kashani-Pour, Navid Goudarzi, and Xin Lei. "Outcome-based Contracts – Towards Concurrently Designing Products and Contracts." Procedia CIRP 59 (2017): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.09.017.

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24

Lo, Adeline, Elena Philomena Lee, Natasya Edgina Chen, Nicole Baretta, Dwi Putra Nugraha, and Velliana Tanaya. "Legal Implications of Government Default in the Ranggulalo Market Construction Contract: An Analysis of Decision Number 28/Pdt.G/2021/PN Dgl." SIGn Jurnal Hukum 7, no. 1 (2025): 70–91. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i1.416.

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Government Default in Construction Contracts executed under assistance task projects raises questions concerning accountability and legal certainty, as exemplified by the Ranggulalo Market construction case. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the Sigi Regency Government’s Default and to identify how legal accountability for the outstanding contract payment was determined based on Decision Number 28/Pdt.G/2021/PN Dgl. A normative legal research methodology utilized case, statutory, and conceptual approaches through qualitative analysis of the court decision, pertinent regulati

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Ampofo-Ansah, Christine, and Joseph Ampofo Ansah. "Psychological Contract Breach and Work Performance in the Public Sector in Ghana." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 2, no. 2 (2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v2i2.56.

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Work in organizations entails an exchange relationship between employees and organization. Apart from the written employment contract, there still exists a set of mutual expectations from the two parties (employer and employee) which remain unwritten and unvoiced and yet drives the behavior of both workers and organizations alike, and this is what is referred to as the psychological contract. Psychological contract refers to the employees’ subjective interpretations and evaluations of their deal with the organization. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of breaches or violations in

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Ee Wong, Yen, Wayne Ding, Yan Teck Ho, Swee Sung Soon, and Kwong Ng. "OP48 Establishing The Implant Subsidy List In Singapore: A Collaborative Approach Between Health Technology Assessment And National Procurement Agencies." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 40, S1 (2024): S22. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266462324001107.

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IntroductionPublic healthcare institutions (PHIs) experience rising and discordant implant costs. Implementing subsidies for implants without concurrent price harmonization through national procurement contracts impedes equitable patient access. This abstract describes the collaboration between the Agency for Care Effectiveness (ACE), Singapore’s national health technology assessment (HTA) agency, and the public healthcare supply chain agency (ALPS) to establish the Implant Subsidy List (ISL).MethodsThe alignment between ISL and concurrent national procurement contracts for implants required c

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Ross, M. G. "Concurrent liability in tort and contract." Structural Survey 5, no. 3 (1987): 288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006260.

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28

O'Sullivan, Janet. "BUILDING CONTRACTS – IS THERE CONCURRENT LIABILITY IN TORT?" Cambridge Law Journal 70, no. 2 (2011): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197311000407.

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29

Bradfield, Julian. "Clicks, concurrency and Khoisan." Phonology 31, no. 1 (2014): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675714000025.

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I propose that the notions of segment and phoneme be enriched to allow some concurrent clustering, even in classical theories. My main application is the Khoisan language !Xóõ, where treating clicks as phonemes concurrent with phonemic accompaniments allows the inventory size to be radically reduced, so solving the problems of many unsupported contrasts. I show also how phonological processes of !Xóõ can be described more elegantly in this setting, with support from metalinguistic evidence and production-task experiments. I describe a new allophony in !Xóõ. I go on to discuss other application

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Fagart. "Concurrence en contrats, anti-sélection et structure d'information." Annales d'Économie et de Statistique, no. 43 (1996): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20076024.

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31

Karim, Vincent. "L'ordre public en droit économique : contrats, concurrence, consommation." Les Cahiers de droit 40, no. 2 (2005): 403–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043548ar.

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Malgré les efforts déployés par le législateur lors de la réforme du Code civil du Québec, la notion d'ordre public demeure vague, floue et difficile à définir en des termes précis. La disparition de la notion de bonnes moeurs n'a pas en effet réglé toutes les questions controversées soulevées sous l'empire de l'ancien Code civil ni dissipé toute la confusion qui régnait. Certaines questions se posent toujours relativement à la distinction entre l'ordre public de direction et l'ordre public de protection, entre l'ordre public économique et l’ordre public politique et social, ainsi qu'au sujet

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Dudaš, Atila. "Concurrent claims in contract and tort in Serbian law: With reference to the new Hungarian Civil Code from 2013 and the Project of the Reform of the French Civil Code regarding liability for damage from 2017." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 56, no. 3 (2022): 795–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns56-41142.

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In the Serbian literature the issue of the overlap between contractual and liability in tort has been thoroughly discussed. The majority of references state that the differences between the two regimes of liability outweigh their common features, thus separate sets of rules should exist governing each. There are authors who claim that differences are not of such significance so as make the integral concept of liability for damage senseless, hence they support the idea of regulating both regimes of liability by a single set of rules. The effective Obligations Act of 1978 is in line with the maj

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Happe, Jens, Heiko Koziolek, and Ralf Reussner. "Parametric Performance Contracts for Software Components with Concurrent Behaviour." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 182 (June 2007): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2006.09.033.

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Lentz, Rasmus. "Models of Wages and Mobility in Frictional Labor Markets with Random Search." Revue économique Vol. 51, no. 1 (2024): 113–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.751.0113.

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J’étudie les modèles de détermination de l’équilibre des salaires et de la mobilité avec frictions sur le marché du travail. La recherche d’un emploi est aléatoire. La concurrence entre les entreprises se fait en termes de promesses de valeur faites aux travailleurs. La nature exacte de cette concurrence dicte la répartition des promesses de valeur dans l’économie. La mobilité des travailleurs et l’allocation des emplois sont souvent comprises directement à partir de cette partie du modèle. L’étude détaille comment les restrictions sur les contrats de travail traduisent les valeurs des contrat

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Deom, Diane, and Pierre Nihoul. "Les marchés publics : concurrence, transparence et neutralité." Colloque : L'État en marche, transparence et reddition de comptes 36, no. 4 (2014): 801–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027172ar.

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Les contrats des autorités publiques belges obéissent tant au droit commun qu’aux règles particulières fixées par le législateur. Les auteurs décrivent et commentent les règles applicables au marché public en Belgique et vérifient dans quelle mesure celles-ci répondent aux préoccupations sociales, environnementales et éthiques, ainsi qu’aux exigences du commerce équitable.

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Ye, Ze, Deping Liang, Meihui Wang, Shanshan Huang, and Ouzhe Luo. "An Assessment Method of Deviation Electricity Responsibility in China’s Forward Electricity Market Based on Time-Sharing Trading Prices." Sustainability 16, no. 12 (2024): 5130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16125130.

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Electricity forward market contract trading constitutes a principal trading method in the electricity market. To address deviations from or non-compliance with contracts in China’s forward electricity market, an Energy Deviation Settlement (EDS) mechanism has been implemented. However, the current EDS mechanism is marred by unscientific penalties and imprecise deviation cost assessments. Consequently, this paper proposes a deviation responsibility assessment method based on time-sharing trading prices. Initially, the total annual contracted power is decomposed to derive the hourly deviation po

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Yin, Yong, Jian Zhou, Chaoyong Zhang, and Dejun Chen. "Adaptive SLA mechanism for service sharing in virtual environments." Kybernetes 45, no. 7 (2016): 1036–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-03-2014-0057.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss an adaptive SLA mechanism for service sharing in virtual environment, which can organize and govern QoS items in terms of service execution time, reliability, and availability, and provides a common understanding about services, responsibilities, priorities, guarantees and warranties-related virtual cooperative issues. Design/methodology/approach The management framework for SLA is introduced, based on which the whole process including SLA contract, adaptive SLA negotiation strategy, SLA deployment and SLA assessment are discussed, and the protot

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Antohie, Razvan. "The Bureaucratic Route of the Real Estate Sale Contracts." Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Law 12, no. 1 (2024): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenlaw/12.1/89.

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This article comes to answer one of the most common questions we have from clients in the notarial practice: "What documents are required?". Although there are no two contracts alike, just as there are no two people alike, we can say that there is a general framework that is adapted to each situation. We will present what are the stages and the bureaucratic process that the seller and buyer go through in a real estate contract, but also what documents are required and what each of them is used for. The article is structured according to three moments in the authentication process: the procedur

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Van Rossum, Madeleine. "Concurrency of contractual and delictual liability in a European perspective." European Review of Private Law 3, Issue 4 (1995): 539–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl1995041.

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Abstract. This paper deals with the question whether and if so under what conditions delictual and contractual liability can coexist. Owing to the tendency to develop a European civil law a ‘ius commune’, the issue under consideration will be placed in the perspective of a harmonisation of European rules. Therefore some legal systems on this topic will be compared in order to find out whether some common principles can be found which can ultimately lead towards the formulation of some general rules. It will be shown that it seems difficult at first sight to trace throughout the legal system un

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Ungerer, Johannes, and Matthias Lehmann. "Save the Mittelstand: How German Courts Protect Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises from Unfair Terms." European Review of Private Law 25, Issue 2 (2017): 313–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2017023.

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Abstract: This article discusses the appropriateness of controlling standard terms in business-to-business (B2B) contracts. Using the example of Germany, where the Civil Code explicitly allows the control of B2B standard terms, it finds evidence that courts tend to use this control to favour small and medium-sized enterprises (the Mittelstand) in relation to bigger companies. This approach is questionable. It is suggested here that the rationale of standard terms control is not to compensate for power imbalances, which is the task of other legal institutions, such as competition law. Rather, t

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Bujalski, Maciej. "Principle of Cumulative Concurrence of Tort and Contractual Liability in Polish Law." osteuropa recht 69, no. 1 (2023): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1-28.

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This article is dedicated to the relationship between tort and contractual liability in Polish law whereby if a breach of contract constitutes a tort at the same time, the victim-creditor may claim payment of damages under either of the two regimes. However, due to the principle of cumulative concurrence of tort and contractual liability, the damage be compensated only once. This article analyses the requirements for the application and exclusion of this so-called cumul principle, concentrating in particular on exclusion by contract and by mandatory law. The consequences of the permissibility

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De Graaff, Ruben. "Concurrent Claims in Contract and Tort: A Comparative Perspective." European Review of Private Law 25, Issue 4 (2017): 701–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2017046.

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Abstract: This contribution analyses whether, and to what extent, the law permits a choice between finding liability in contract and in tort. The answer to this question is important because the outcome of a case may differ depending on whether the claim for damages is based on a breach of contract or on a violation of a tortious duty. The contribution examines the approaches in several European jurisdictions. French law is straightforward: finding liability in tort is not possible if the damage is caused by or related to the (non-) performance of a contractual obligation. German, Dutch and En

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Basedow, Jürgen. "Freedom of Contract in the European Union." European Review of Private Law 16, Issue 6 (2008): 901–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2008069.

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Abstract: Freedom of contract is a fundamental principle of European private law. It is also implicitly recognized as a general principle of European Community Law. An open market economy with free competition, which the Treaty aims to implement (see Article 4 I), can only be achieved if contractual freedom in connection with a system ensuring effective competition within the internal market is guaranteed. However, the acknowledgement of contractual freedom as a general principle of Community Law stands in notable contrast to the European legislation on contract law. This legislation may be ch

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ARCHER, Stephanie L., and Suzanne CURTIN. "Fourteen-month-olds’ sensitivity to acoustic salience in minimal pair word learning." Journal of Child Language 45, no. 5 (2018): 1198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000917000617.

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AbstractDuring the first two years of life, infants concurrently refine native-language speech categories and word learning skills. However, in the Switch Task, 14-month-olds do not detect minimal contrasts in a novel object–word pairing (Stager & Werker, 1997). We investigate whether presenting infants with acoustically salient contrasts (liquids) facilitates success in the Switch Task. The first two experiments demonstrate that acoustic differences boost infants’ detection of contrasts. However, infants cannot detect the contrast when the segments are digitally shortened. Thus, not all m

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Bessy, Christian. "L’usage des clauses de non-concurrence dans les contrats de travail." Revue d'économie industrielle, no. 125 (March 15, 2009): 9–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rei.3946.

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Eber, Nicolas. "Relations de crédit de long terme et structure des marchés bancaires locaux." Revue économique 47, no. 3 (1996): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.p1996.47n3.0755.

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Résumé Cet article présente un modèle de concurrence spatiale du secteur bancaire, dans lequel les banques et les entreprises peuvent engager des relations de crédit de long terme. On montre que la proportion des emprunteurs ayant recours à des contrats de long terme dépend négativement du nombre de banques. En considérant l'existence de coûts fixes non récupérables, on montre ensuite que la présence de contrats de long terme dans l'économie implique un accroissement de la concentration du marché bancaire.

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Guigou, Jean-Daniel. "Contrats de dette participative en environnement stratégique." Articles 78, no. 1 (2004): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/007242ar.

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Résumé Cet article considère un jeu en quantités avec financement des capacités de production, dans lequel la forme des contrats financiers constitue la variable stratégique pertinente des entreprises. Le contrat optimal se distingue du contrat de dette classique par la présence d’une clause de participation : l’intérêt versé à la banque comprend une partie fixe et une partie variable, indexée sur les profits de la firme. Le contrat de dette participative s’avère proconcurrentiel à l’équilibre symétrique du jeu, au sens où il incite à la concurrence. En revanche, dès lors qu’on introduit un av

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Martiny, Dieter. "Coordination of contractual and tort claims in the European law of jurisdiction." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 16, no. 2 (2024): 1099–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2024.8963.

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Under Article 7(1) and Article 7(2) Brussels I-bis Regulation of 2012, there is jurisdiction for contractual and tort claims. The delineation of these matters is not easy, particularly in cases where there is a concurrency of actions. The discussion is continuing even after the Wikingerhof judgment of the European Court of Justice of 24 November 2020. The present article discusses weaknesses associated with different concepts like duties and interests. The introduction of additional elements like the ‘indispensability’ of analysing the contract in cases of tort jurisdiction are difficult to ap

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McConnell, Jean, and J. G. Quinn. "Interference in Visual Working Memory." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 53, no. 1 (2000): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755873.

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This paper uses the theoretical distinction that has recently developed between the passive visual store and the active spatial rehearsal mechanism of the visuo-spatial component of working memory (VSSP). It examines the circumstances under which visual fields gain functional access to the passive visual store and seeks to cast light on the circumstances under which irrelevant visual fields interfere with concurrent visual processing. Experiment 1 contrasts a dynamic visual noise field with a static noise field and shows that the static field, in contrast to the dynamic noise field, causes no

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Bhana, Deeksha, and C. J. Visser. "The concurrence of breach of contract and delict in a constitutional context." South African Journal on Human Rights 35, no. 1 (2019): 94–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02587203.2019.1586450.

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