Relevant bibliographies by topics / Contractual act

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Contractual act'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Contractual act"

1

Pržeska, Tina, Rodna Živkovska, and Tea Lalevska. "Consequences of ambiguous regulation of the contractual pledge right in Macedonian property law." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 63, no. 102 (2024): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn1-53521.

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In the legal system of the Republic of North Macedonia, the right of contractual pledge has been regulated since 2003 by a separate legislative act which includes detailed provisions on the acquisition and application of the contractual pledge right. The Contractual Pledge Act (2003) was intended to compensate for the lack of provisions on the right of contractual pledge in the Ownership and Other Real Rights Act. However, the regulation of the contractual pledge right in the Contractual Pledge Act has proven insufficient and, in certain situations, inadequate for application in legal practice
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Ritika, K. "Pre-emptive Rights of Shareholders: An Indian Perspective." Business Law Review 44, Issue 1 (2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2023002.

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Pre-emptive rights are legal relationships either created by a statute or through a contract. By the exercise of these rights, priority is given to the right holder over and above others as regards the potential acquisition of the relevant subject matter. Only upon refusal by such right holder, is this opportunity given to a third party to negotiate. In India, the statutory pre-emptive rights of a shareholder in a company have been recognized statutorily through the Companies Act, 2013, as well as by the extant security exchange laws. Whereas, in the case of contractual pre-emptive rights, the
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Kheng Aik, Tan, and DR PARDIS MOSLEMZADEH TEHRANI. "THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS IN MALAYSIA." UUM Journal of Legal Studies 14, no. 2 (2023): 425–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2023.14.2.1.

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The widespread Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted business and commerce across the globe, including Malaysia. As aresult, businesses throughout Malaysia may face the inability to perform their contractual obligations and may seek to determine whether they or their counterparty have any legal basis for the non-performance of those contractual obligations. This research used content analysis by categorizing the same theme and discussing the wording adopted in Temporary Measures for Reducing the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Act 2020, force majeure clause, and the doctri
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Omlor, Sebastian. "Unfair Contractual Terms under the EU Data Act." European Review of Private Law 32, Issue 2 (2024): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2024012.

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In January 2024, the EU Data Act (DA) came into force, which is a central building block of the EU Strategy for data. It contains special rules on control of unjust contractual terms. This article examines these provisions of the DA, explains their systematic relationship to other EU secondary law, in particular the Unfair Contract Terms Directive (UCTD), and looks at the impact on national contract law. The leitmotiv of the EU legislator to attach great importance to freedom of contract in commercial transactions is emphasized. This principle visibly influences the standard of clause control.
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Sándor, István. "The system of grounds for invalidity in Hungarian private law." European Integration Studies 18, no. 2 (2022): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46941/2022.e2.48-60.

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The study analyses the system of grounds for invalidity that has developed in Hungarian private law. One of the starting points is the distinction between nullity and contestability, which distinguishes, depending on the gravity of the error in the contract, between ipso iure invalidity (nullity) and invalidity, depending on the juridical act of the aggrieved party or person with legal interest. The other systematisation aspect was based on the dogmatic triad of conditions of validity, so it was grouped according to the error of contractual intention, the error in the contractual juridical act
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Intigam Garayeva, Aysel. "CONTRACTUAL CAPACITY OF MINORS." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (2021): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/133-136.

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Capability is one of the essential factors that the validity of contract stipulates the existence of it. Contractual capability means capacity and competency of parties. Individuals, legal entities, as well as states and municipalities may act as a party in concluding a contract. In general, it is important for individuals to have full active legal capacity in order to enter into a contract without someone's approval. As a legal matter, there are certain groups of people who are presumed to have no or limited contractual capacity to make an agreement. Minors included in this group must comply
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Hejbudzki, Michał. "Zakaz praktyk nieuczciwie wykorzystujących przewagę kontraktową jako reguła kontraktowa przy zawieraniu umów z rolnikami." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 16, no. 2 (2019): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1176.

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The existing legal instruments in the area of trade in agricultural and food products in Poland were considered by the Polish legislature to be insufficient, which was an impetus for legislative work finalized by the adoption of the act on counteracting the unfair use of contractual advantage in the trade in agricultural and food products on 15 December 2016. The purpose of the research described in the article was to determine the normative dimension of the concept of unfair use of contractual advantage and the assessment of admissibility de lege lata for farmers to rely on protection under t
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Wieczerzyńska, Beata. "Postępowanie w sprawie praktyk nieuczciwie wykorzystujących przewagę kontraktową na rynku rolno-spożywczym jako nowy obszar aktywności administracji publicznej." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 16, no. 1 (4) (2019): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1168.

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The article is an attempt at analyzing selected provisions of the Act on Counteracting Unfair Use of Contractual Advantage in Agricultural and F ood Products turning to whether there is public interest in the need of public authority interrogation in contractual relationships (Civil Law) in B2B relations in the food and agricultural market and whether this material basis for this interference has been properly defined. “Public interest” as an objective of counteracting practices that unfairly uses the contractual advantage of suppliers or buyers, should be considered on the axiological basis o
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García Rivera, Claudia Patricia. "La teoría del riesgo en la compraventa." HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional De Humanidades 11 (October 3, 2022): 205–15. https://doi.org/10.37819/humanrev.v11i.920.

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The Colombian Civil Code regulates the theory of risk in the contractual relationships that arise from the sale. The buyer is not the owner and bears the fortuitous loss of the thing, having to execute the payment provision knowing that the debtor will not meet theirs, in a situation that threatens the contractual balance of act. The theory is taken from French law, George Ripert (n. d) and adopted by the Colombian law. It is proposed that the cause of the contract, element of formation, and execution of the act is accepted in order to restrict the threat that puts the legal stability of the a
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García Rivera, Claudia Patricia. "La teoría del riesgo en la compraventa." HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Review / Revista Internacional De Humanidades 11 (October 3, 2022): 205–15. https://doi.org/10.37819/revhuman.v11i.920.

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The Colombian Civil Code regulates the theory of risk in the contractual relationships that arise from the sale. The buyer is not the owner and bears the fortuitous loss of the thing, having to execute the payment provision knowing that the debtor will not meet theirs, in a situation that threatens the contractual balance of act. The theory is taken from French law, George Ripert (n. d) and adopted by the Colombian law. It is proposed that the cause of the contract, element of formation, and execution of the act is accepted in order to restrict the threat that puts the legal stability of the a
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Contractual act"

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Lewis, Samantha Vanessa. "The constitutional and contractual implications of the application of chapter 19 of the Children's Act 38 of 2005." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4530_1319010066.

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In this research, I carefully and coherently examine Chapter 19 of the Children's Act 38 of 2005 as the first legislation to afford surrogate motherhood agreements legal recognition in South Africa. I argue that the application of Chapter 19 imposes a number of unwarranted limitations on several of the constitutional rights of the parties to a surrogacy agreement. In addition, I propose that Chapter 19 is not in accordance with the principal of the best interests of the child. I examine the history of surrogate motherhood in South Africa and establish that, prior to the enactment of Chapter 19
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Lima, Marcelo Chiavassa de Mello Paula. "Negócios indiretos e negócios fiduciários." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7065.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Chiavassa de Mello Paula Lima.pdf: 2178699 bytes, checksum: e8029881a68045555e467581285f2dfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-07<br>Indirect act stricto sensu and fiduciary act are nothing new in the legal world (the origin is unknown, although it can be said that already the Romans knew), even if the doctrine just started to study them at the end of the 19th century. They are old business models that still are present, given its versatility to fulfill the legitimate interest of the parties. The institutes
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Grimbeek, Mathew. "The applicability of the apportionment of Damages Act 34 of 1956 to contractual claims with emphasis on the development of apportionment laws in South Africa and similar foreign jurisdictions." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26669.

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This study will follow the development of the rules pertaining to apportionment of damages, with particular emphasis on the Apportionment of Damages Act 34 of 1956 (‘the Act”) and its applicability to contractual claims. It furthermore delves into the current legal position in England, Australia and New Zealand. In Thoroughbred Breeders Association v Price Waterhouse 1999 (4) SA 968 (W), the Court decided that the Act was applicable to contractual claims and apportioned the damages payable by the defendant to the plaintiff. However, the matter was taken on appeal with the decision of the Court
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Анохін, С. В. "Договірний акт як джерело регулювання адміністративних відносин". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/68479.

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З питанням адміністративно-правового регулювання прямо пов’язані питання визначення джерел адміністративного права. Дослідження проблем джерел адміністративно-правового регулювання має вирішуватись як із практичного, так і з теоретичного боку. Теорія та практика адміністративного права вимагає вивчення джерел сучасного адміністративного права оскільки останнім часом виявляються тенденції до розширення їх кола та збільшення кількості регулювання адміністративних відносин договірними актами.<br>С вопросом административно-правового регулирования напрямую связаны вопросы определения источников адм
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Witten, Tim. "Pre-contractual assessments in mortgage loans: Promoting responsible lending or exacerbating financial exclusion? - A comparative study of the South African National Credit Act and the European Mortgage Credit Directive." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29718.

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In recent years, pre-contractual assessments in consumer credit agreements, including affordability assessments, have made their way up the priority ladder for legislators. International institutions such as the World Bank promote pre-contractual (affordability) assessments as a key regulatory tool in the prevention of “reckless” or “predatory” lending and the promotion of a responsible credit regime. In particular, so it is argued, a responsible lending regime and the protection of consumers is crucial in the mortgage credit market, where overindebtedness can have severe consequences for cons
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Cassiède, Marc. "Les pouvoirs contractuels : étude de droit privé." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0278/document.

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L’évolution contemporaine du droit privé des contrats est marquée par la multiplication des hypothèses dans lesquelles l’une ou l’autre des parties dispose de la possibilité d’agir seule sur le contenu ou le sort d’un contrat définitivement formé. Par exemple, depuis 1995, il est admis que l’une des parties à un contrat-cadre puisse seule fixer le prix. De même, en cas de manquement grave de l’une des parties, l’autre peut, à ses risques et périls, procéder à la résolution du contrat. Ces deux types de prérogatives contractuelles appartiennent à une catégorie plus large que la doctrine désigne
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Wennberg, Ida. "Äldre inskrivningar i fastighetsregistret : Hur bolag hanterat förnyelsekravet och vad blev resultatet av förnyelselagen?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30377.

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Förnyelselagen innebär att sådana avtalsrättigheter som upprättats och skrivits in i fastighetsregistret innan 1 juli 1968 tagits bort ur registret om inte någon anmälan om förnyelse gjordes till Lantmäteriets Fastighetsinskrivning innan 31 december 2018. Syftet med lagen var att få ett mer aktuellt och tillförlitligt fastighetsregister genom att ta bort inaktuella eller missvisande inskrivningar ur registret. Att inaktuella eller missvisande inskrivningar finns kvar i fastighetsregistret medför olägenheter för såväl rättighetshavare, kommuner som för allmänheten som använder sig av fastighets
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Berggren, David. "Förnyelselagen, möjlighet eller hot? : Förnyelse av äldre inskrivna avtalsrättigheter, Gävle kommuns hantering av förnyelsekravet." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24326.

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Enligt den så kallade förnyelselagen kommer alla avtalsrättigheter som är inskrivna före den 1 juli 1968 tas bort ur fastighetsregistret om inte förnyelse av inskrivningen anmäls senast den 31 december 2018. Syftet med examensarbetet är att uppmärksamma förnyelsekravet. Arbetets mål är dels att undersöka Gävle kommuns hantering av förnyelsekravet och dels att underlätta för Gävle kommun att avgöra för vilka inskrivningar som förnyelse behöver sökas. Onyttiga inskrivningar orsakar merarbete samt merkostnader vid lantmäteriförrättningar och förnyelselagen anses kunna bli ett effektivt instrument
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Chaaban, Yousra. "Dépendance et équilibre contractuel -étude de droit comparé." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3036.

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L’abus d’une dépendance ou d’une faiblesse engendre automatiquement un déséquilibre dans le contrat. Surtout que, les relations contractuelles sont traditionnellement régies par le principe de l’autonomie de volonté et ses corollaires : de force obligatoire et de liberté contractuelle.Dans une ambition de compléter et de présenter un apport au système législatif égyptien : nous avons entamé nos travaux en 2016 par une étude approfondie de la notion d’exploitation en droit égyptien et de celle de la violence économique en droit français. Bien que la théorie d’exploitation soit consacrée en 1948
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Betoe, Bi Evie Olivia. "Pour une promotion de la liberté contractuelle en droit OHADA des sociétés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1007.

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L'Acte uniforme sur le droit des sociétés commerciales présente une particularité. En effet, le principe de sécurité juridique s'y trouve consacré à travers l'article 2, lequel fait des dispositions de l'Acte uniforme autant de dispositions d'ordre public. Cependant, l'absence de définition légale d'une telle notion est susceptible de générer quelques difficultés en raison de sa nature de standard juridique, sauf à considérer que l'ordre public doive être davantage perçu comme une technique de mise en oeuvre du droit. Pourtant, force est de constater qu'il s'agit d'une notion qui concourt à re
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Books on the topic "Contractual act"

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Major Fraud Act of 1988: Report (to accompany H.R. 3911). U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Major Fraud Act of 1988: Report (to accompany H.R. 3911). U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Major Fraud Act of 1988: Report (to accompany H.R. 3911). U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Judiciary, United States Congress House Committee on the. Major Fraud Act of 1988: Report (to accompany H.R. 3911) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Major Fraud Act of 1988: Report (to accompany H.R. 3911) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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States, United. An Act to amend Title 18, United States Code, to provide increased penalties for certain major frauds against the United States. U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. The Major Fraud Act, and the Government Fraud Law Enforcement Act of 1987: Hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session on H.R. 3911 ... S. 1958 ... July 12, 1988. U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. The Major Fraud Act, and the Government Fraud Law Enforcement Act of 1987: Hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session on H.R. 3911 ... S. 1958 ... July 12, 1988. U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. The Major Fraud Act, and the Government Fraud Law Enforcement Act of 1987: Hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session on H.R. 3911 ... S. 1958 ... July 12, 1988. U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Crime. Major Fraud Act of 1988: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Crime of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, first and second sessions on H.R. 3500 and H.R. 3911 ... December 3, 1987, and March 16, 1988. U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Contractual act"

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Yihan, Goh. "Contractual Interpretation." In Foundations of Indian Contract Law. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191997211.003.0003.

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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the law relating to contractual interpretation in India. It explains that contractual interpretation in India is also an exercise in statutory interpretation. This is because the Indian Evidence Act 1872 limits the range of admissible evidence that can be used to interpret contracts. Since the Evidence Act was adopted in many former British colonies, its influence extends far beyond India. The chapter examines the inherent tension between staying true to the Evidence Act and the modern rules developed by common law courts. It explains that the corr
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Coulson, The Rt Hon Lord Justice. "Contractual Adjudication." In Coulson on Construction Adjudication. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822110.003.0007.

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Part II of the Housing Grants (Construction and Regeneration) Act 1996 (‘the 1996 Act’), as amended, requires all construction contracts to have an adjudication procedure that complies with s108: see s108(5). The same section makes plain that if the construction contract in question does not contain adjudication provisions that comply with s108(1)–(4), then the Scheme for Construction Contracts will apply. It is therefore envisaged that the construction contract will include its own adjudication provisions.
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Goicovici, Juanita. "Disequilibrated contractual terms and platforms' obligations under Digital Markets Act." In Collection Regional Law Review. Institute of Comparative Law, 2025. https://doi.org/10.56461/iup_rlrc.2025.6.ch12.

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The paper approaches the problems of disequilibrated contractual terms and platforms’ obligations under the Digital Markets Act, seen through the lens of the provisions concerning the platform’s legal statute. Particularly, the analysis concerns the specific set of obligations imposed on online networking services and online advertising services, activating particularly in platform-to-business contracts. First, the significant imbalances and contractual asymmetries that the disequilibrated terms generate can encompass economic imbalances which consist of significant disproportions and ostensib
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Briggs, Adrian. "Non-Contractual Obligations." In The Conflict of Laws, 5th ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198895527.003.0006.

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Abstract In this chapter, the rules of the conflict of laws for non-contractual obligations are examined, and explained. The chapter starts with a survey of English, and other, approaches to the conflict of laws rules for torts, and explains how none of them seems to be satisfactory. The Private International Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1995 is briefly mentioned, and its rules for finding the applicable law viewed favourably. The retained Rome II Regulation is then examined in relation to torts and to unjust enrichment, negotiorum gestio and culpa in contrahendo. The real difficulties c
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Adrian, Briggs. "Non-Contractual Obligations." In Private International Law in English Courts 2e. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192868145.003.0007.

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This chapter deals with the conflict of laws rules for non-contractual obligations and for issues associated with non-contractual obligations. It traces the development of the law from the common law rule requiring ‘double actionability’, with more recent exceptions, via the Private International Law (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1995, to the law established by the retained EU Regulation, known as Rome II, for non-contractual obligations in civil and commercial matters. It assesses the definitional complexity of ‘non-contractual obligation’ as a term of art in a retained EU Regulation and con
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Krishnaprasad, KV. "Fraud, Misrepresentation, and Mistake." In Foundations of Indian Contract Law. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191997211.003.0010.

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Abstract This chapter examines the provisions of the Indian Contract Act 1872 that govern fraud, misrepresentation, and mistake. The chapter advances three key arguments. First, the provisions of the Contract Act that govern fraud and misrepresentation suffer from a drafting flaw. Once the drafting error is recognised, it becomes clear that the Contract Act regulates the contractual consequences of fraud and misrepresentation in two stages: a consent-based first stage and a more pluralistic second stage. Second, the second paragraph of section 19 of the Contract Act requires a misrepresentee t
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Krishnaprasad, KV. "Fraud, Misrepresentation, and Mistake in Indian Contract Law." In Invalidity. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192859341.003.0006.

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Abstract This chapter examines fraud, misrepresentation and mistake as contractual vitiating factors in Indian law. It advances three main arguments. First, the provisions of the Indian Contract Act 1872 that govern fraud and misrepresentation suffer from a drafting flaw. Once the drafting error is recognized, it is clear that the Act regulates the contractual consequences of fraud and misrepresentation in two stages: a consent-based first stage and a more pluralistic second stage. Second, the second paragraph of section 19 of the Act allows a mis-representee to claim that he be ‘put in the po
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van Eck, Michele. "The Nature of the South African University-Student Contract." In The Business of Higher Institutional Education: Integrating Academic Freedom, Pedagogical Approaches and Constitutionalism. UJ Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785249-04.

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Relationships underscore education. One of these relationships is between the universities and students. The exact nature of this university-student relationship has been wrought with historical uncertainty in jurisdictions like the United States. The approach to the university-student contract in the United States developed from applying the in loco parentis doctrine to the bystander approach, which eventually recognised the contractual nature of the university-student contract. From a South African perspective, the university-student relationship has always been underscored by contractual pr
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McDonald, Rhodri, and Sophie Buckley. "Equality of Terms." In Blackstone's Guide to the Equality Act 2010. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870876.003.0011.

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This chapter explores Part 5, Chapter 3 of the Equality Act 2010, which deals with equality in contractual terms and conditions of employment and occupational pension scheme rules. It deals with all aspects of equal pay law, i.e. the rules requiring that men and women doing equal work should have equal contractual and pension benefits. The chapter begins by briefly setting these provisions in context, addressing their relationship with discrimination law and EU law. It then looks at the sex equality clause (contract terms) and sex equality rule (pensions). Finally, the chapter concludes with a
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Bronkhorst, H. J. "The Valid Legislative Act as a Cause of Liability of the Communities." In Non-Contractual Liability of the European Communities. Brill | Nijhoff, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004642171_006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Contractual act"

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Đurđević,, Marko. "PRAVNA SIGURNOST U UGOVORU." In XV Majsko savetovanje: Sloboda pružanja usluga i pravna sigurnost. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvmajsko.071dj.

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Contractual security is one of the three most important legal values pursued by contract law. Such a position of contractual security has been recognized in two proposals for the harmonization of contract law in the European Union, in the Guiding Principles of European Contract Law and Draft Common Frame of References (DCRF). In the introductory parts of these two projects, the main ingredients of contractual security are determined. These ingredients enable the theoretical analysis of contractual security in the Serbian Obligations Act to be carry out with the aim of determining the existence
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Mićović, Andrej. "OBAVEZE ORGANIZATORA PUTOVANjA." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.321m.

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The subject of the legal analysis in this paper are obligations of the travel organizer prior to the conclusion of the contract (pre-contractual information duty) and after the contract conclusion (obligations regarding the form and content of the contract, changes of the package travel contract terms, transfer of the package travel contract to another traveller, insolvency protection, confidentiality, provision of assistance to the traveller). Rules on pre-contractual and contractual obligations are considered through a comparative analysis of the provisions contained in the Consumer Protecti
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White, Nancy J., Sigitas Mitkus, and Renata Cibulskienė. "Classification of a defect as breach of contract or tort: a comparative study of the U.S. and the Republic of Lithuania." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.067.

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Purpose – this paper compares the approach of United States’ law and Lithuanian law in classifying a construction defect as a breach of contract or tort. Research methodology – the paper uses case studies to analyze. Unites States’ law approach divides damages into damages for breach of contract and tort damages. According to Lithuanian law, civil liability is assigned to contractual and non-contractual (tort) liability depending on the nature of the unlawful actions. Findings – the cases demonstrate that a defect usually is considered a breach of contract. Different types of damages are recov
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Jovičić, Katarina. "Proklamovano ili realno ostvarivo načelo pune kompenzacije štete? - Upoređivanje ugovorne i vanugovorne štete." In Prouzrokovanje štete, naknada štete i osiguranje. Institut za uporedno pravo, Udruženje za odštetno pravo, Pravosudna akademija, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56461/zr_23.ons.17.

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The principle of full compensation of the aggrieved party governs the law of compensation of damages. To achieve this goal, the injured party must prove before the court or the arbitration that he suffered damage as well as its amount. That is neither an easy nor a simple task for him, especially when proving a loss of profits as a kind of material damage. It seems that the position of the aggrieved party from contractual damages is even more difficult due to the fact that contractual damages are hypothetical and can hardly be proven precisely in practice. Therefore, to prove loss of profit in
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Mićović, Andrej. "Zaštita prava putnika povodom ugovora o organizovanju putovanja." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.259m.

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The subject of the legal analysis in this paper are the legal mechanisms for the protection of travellers before the conclusion of the package travel contract (pre- contractual information duty), before the start of the package (transfer of the package to another traveller and the right to terminate the contract) and the rights of travellers in the case of non-performance of the contract (the right to demand proper fulfillment, price reduction, the right to terminate the contract and compensation for damages). The paper analyzes the existing rules contained in the Consumer Protection Act and t
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dos Santos, Sidney Pereira, Maria Ange´lica S. Bittencourt, and Luiz Diogo Vasconcellos. "Compressor Station Availability: Managing Its Effects on Gas Pipeline Operation." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10560.

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As competitive market for gas transmission becomes more and more dynamic and we face an increase of regulatory agencies influence, the pressure on cutting down cost of service without affecting reliability and safety is a consequence. Notwithstanding this trend, transportation companies must act in a way that guarantees a fair return on investment and optimizes assets and operation costs. Contractual obligations play an important role since most of the contractual capacity is on a firm basis and subject to liabilities related to capacity shortage or interruption. Compressor stations availabili
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Tabaković, Sulejman, and Vanda Božić. "Protustavna i nezakonita privatizacija društvenog vlasništva (dionica HT) kao posljedica nezakonito provedene pretvorbe i privatizacije." In Onlajn konferencija pravnika u privredi Republike Srbije. Udruženje pravnika u privredi Srbije, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55836/zbornik_pip_2104a.

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In the paper, the authors point out the illegally carried out transformation, privatization, and confiscation of contractual private ownership over “Hrvatski Telekom” (HT). Namely, until the 1990s, citizens financed the construction, through the PTT, TT network, node, local, long-distance, and main telephone exchanges. Proof of this are the Agreements on pooling funds for the construction, expansion, or reconstruction of telecommunications facilities with the company PTT (Post-Telegraph-Telephone), then HPT (Croatian Post and Telecommunications), and today HT (Hrvatski Telekom). Based on the c
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Tot, Ivan. "PRESTANAK TIJEKA KAMATA KADA IZNOS KAMATA DOSTIGNE GLAVNICU: ZABRANA ULTRA ALTERUM TANTUM U SVJETLU SUDSKE PRAKSE EUROPSKOG SUDA." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.199t.

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The legal rule under which interest ceases to run when the amount of interest reaches the amount of the principal is known as a prohibition of ultra alterum tantum. Such a statutory limit on interest accumulation was previously contained in the 1978 Obligations Act, and was abolished in 1989. In the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Serbia, current proposals call for re-introduction of the prohibition of ultra alterum tantum in the legal regulation of interest. Whereas the proposed amendment to the Croatian Obligations Act seeks to limit the accumulation of default interest, the Draft of
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Abidiy, I. "Successful Sand Consolidation Portfolio Expansion Through Comprehensive Parameter Control." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-f-188.

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In accordance with the cost-saving campaign in Mahakam block, sand consolidation was successfully developed as a cheaper alternative to sand control. Despite the limited development of sand consolidation market and the successful application of sand consolidation products from the current incumbent, Company faces the risk of limited access to other products and potential failure to switch existing products. However, self-validation for any desired product with lower risk exposure is considerable. Taking all the necessary lessons learned during initial product development, the successful applic
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Susta, Miro R., and Peter Luby. "Compatibility of Advanced Power Generation Technologies With the Independent Power Production." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-222.

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Traditional philosophy of power producing state-owned utilities has been effected by their anonymous risk-sharing attitude. They needn’t have bothered too much with brand-new technologies. Technological risk with unproved, although excellent nominal performance machinery was born by the end-users. On the other hand, independent power producers’ (IPP) philosophy is a little bit different. Their attitude is much more effected by risk evaluation. They have pretty good reasons to be risk-averse with technologies lacking a proven operational record. Any failure to obey their contractual liabilities
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Reports on the topic "Contractual act"

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Bano, Masooda. Beating the ‘Anti-Work’ Culture: Lessons from a Successful Attemptto Improve Performance in State Schools in Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE)r, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/105.

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What local-level factors, or horizontal pressures, can improve learning outcomes in government schools in developing countries, when the political elites and education bureaucracy are not exerting enough vertical pressure on principals and teachers to ensure improvement in learning outcomes? Existing research suggests the role of principals, investment in teacher training or improving financial incentives, and increased community participation as possible ways to enhance performance of teachers and principals. Assessing a 25-year state-school improvement programme run by CARE, a prominent educ
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Bano, Masooda. Beating the ‘Anti-Work’ Culture: Lessons from a Successful Attemptto Improve Performance in State Schools in Pakistan. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE)r, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/105.

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What local-level factors, or horizontal pressures, can improve learning outcomes in government schools in developing countries, when the political elites and education bureaucracy are not exerting enough vertical pressure on principals and teachers to ensure improvement in learning outcomes? Existing research suggests the role of principals, investment in teacher training or improving financial incentives, and increased community participation as possible ways to enhance performance of teachers and principals. Assessing a 25-year state-school improvement programme run by CARE, a prominent educ
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Баттахов, П. П. Договоры о передаче исключительных прав на объекты промышленной собственности с участием социальных предприятий. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/1818-1538-2021-55669.

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The article considers contractual designs aimed at transferring exclusive rights to industrial property. The problem of the contractual process was identified when concluding a contract on the transfer of a set of exclusive rights. Based on the study, a number of changes to Russian laws have been proposed. First of all, this applies to a commercial concession contract. The author proposes to amend the Civil Code of the Russian Federation by supplementing the article on commercial concession with the right of organizations that do not conduct commercial activities to conclude the same contracts
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Claro de la Maza, Jorge, and Roberto Camblor. Government Procurement and Free Trade in the Americas. Inter-American Development Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008614.

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Governments in many countries -at all levels of development- struggle with increasing budget deficits and soaring national debts. Over the last century, government spending, as a percentage of gross domestic product has tended to increase and with it has increased the range of services offered by governments and the volume of public procurement resulting from it. The growth in public procurement has been accompanied by a growth in public procurement legislation. As the public sector grew, a need made itself to seek assistance form the private sector to provide public services on a contractual
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Navajas, Fernando, and Marcelo Catena. Oil & Debt Windfalls and Fiscal Dynamics in Bolivia. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008742.

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During 2004-06 Bolivia experienced a five-fold increase in oil revenues due to tax/ contractual innovations, higher prices and larger volumes at the same time that a multi-lateral debt reduction initiative trimmed roughly one third of the public external debt. The political economy setting of this environment entails a new hydrocarbons law that automatically decentralize expenditure to local governments and nationalization of the oil industry. This paper presents a model of fiscal dynamics in Bolivia in a stochastic framework and finds that the new status-quo will generate double reversions of
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Macedo Junior, Ronaldo Porto, Clarissa Piterman Gross, Fabrizio Cafaggi, et al. Accessing the Global Value Chain in a Changing Institutional Environment: Comparing Aeronautics and Coffee. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011454.

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The aim of the paper, based on empirical research in Brazil, is to investigate how supply chains have evolved over time, what factors have driven this evolution and also how a specific set of contractual practices along these chains is linked to access to international markets. The two selected case studies in the field of agriculture and aeronautics permit comparison between different modes of accessing international markets and GVCs; they illustrate the roles of transnational corporations and those of public institutions both at domestic and international levels in promoting access and deter
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Rans. PR-352-11703-R01 Maintenance and Test Intervals for Primary and Secondary Measurement Equipment. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010801.

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This report summarizes the work done to investigate existing maintenance and test intervals for primary and secondary measurement equipment. Advances in the accuracy and reliability of current measurement technology and the ability to apply Statistical Process Control (SPC) techniques to identify abnormal operating conditions that need to be investigated is changing the way we need to look at maintenance. Test intervals are determined based on four factors which are discussed in more detail in Section 3.4.2 Determination of Test Intervals and Tolerance Bands. Ignore Routine Variability � e.g.:
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Obregon, Jean-Francois, Sergio Lazzarini, Diane-Laure Arjalies, et al. Towards a Climate-Smart Food System: A Theory of Change and Impact Metrics to Trigger Farming and Societal Change. Richard Ivey School of Business., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/iveypub.78.2023.

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There is significant interest in sustainable food production practices in Canada and worldwide due to the challenges caused by the Russia-Ukraine war, land degradation, and climate change. Sustainable food production is a food system that provides affordable, nutritious food while preserving and restoring natural resources and generating robust ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, water filtration, and retention. This report explores multiple routes to foster improved social, ecological, and economic impacts associated with alternative practices promoting sustainable food productio
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Lindig, Sascha, Julien Deckx, Magnus Herz, et al. Technical Key Performance Indicators for Photovoltaic Systems: Challenges and Best Practices. International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme, 2024. https://doi.org/10.69766/luzi3108.

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Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are an important set of metrics used to assess various aspects of photovoltaic (PV) systems, including their long-term performance, economic viability and carbon footprint. Technical KPIs support data-driven and informed decision-making when optimizing PV systems and provide a comprehensive overview of how PV systems operate across different conditions and climates. Different KPIs are commonly employed throughout the entire value chain of PV projects and can be categorized into technical, economic and sustainability aspects. In this work, a set of best practic
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Soriano, Alejandro. Inter-American Investment Corporation: Tenth Annual Independent Validation Report Prepared by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010586.

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This is the tenth consecutive year that IIC has contractually engaged OVE to support it in implementing a standardized system to account for the developmental and financial results of its investment projects. This system - within which reports like the present one serve to record the results of successive annual batches of mature projects - is compliant with the Good Practice Standards (GPS) for Private Sector Operations issued by the Evaluation Cooperation Group of Multilateral Development Banks (ECG-MDB).This is the tenth consecutive year that IIC has contractually engaged OVE to support it
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