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1
Zimmermann, Malte. "Contrastive focus." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1968/.
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The article puts forward a discourse-pragmatic approach to the notoriously evasive phenomena of contrastivity and emphasis. It is argued that occurrences of focus that are treated in terms of ‘contrastive focus’, ‘kontrast’ (Vallduví & Vilkuna 1998) or ‘identificational focus’ (É. Kiss 1998) in the literature should not be analyzed in familiar semantic terms like introduction of alternatives or exhaustivity. Rather, an adequate analysis must take into account discourse-pragmatic notions like hearer expectation or discourse
expectability of the focused content in a given discourse situation. The less expected a given content is judged to be for the hearer, relative to the Common Ground, the more likely a speaker is to mark this content by means of special grammatical devices, giving rise to emphasis.
2
Karagjosova, Elena. "Correction and acceptance by contrastive focus." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/1025/.
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An account is presented of the focus properties,
common ground effect and dialogue
behaviour of the accented German discourse
marker "doch" and the accented sentence
negation "nicht". It is argued that "doch" and "nicht" evoke as a focus alternative the logical complement of the proposition expressed by the sentence in which they occur, and that an analysis in terms of contrastive focus accounts for their effect on the common ground and their function in dialogue.
3
Kim, Young-eun. "Focus and old information : polarity focus, contrastive focus, and contrastive topic /." Digital version:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992836.
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Ali-Mounla, Ibrahim. "Contrastive and error analysis : a case study." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/contrastive-and-error-analysis--a-case-study(46dcdd55-cc53-4be2-a73f-878e1d5bd4ab).html.
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Chapter One: this chapter presents an up-to-date account of Contrastive Analysis (CA), and Error Analysis (EA). Chapter Two: this deals with the syntactic descriptions of Inflectional Phrase, (IP) in English and Syrian Arabic respectively. The descriptions of (IP) system are executed within the framework of X-bar syntax in the version outlined in Chomsky (1970 and 1986b), and Radford (1988). These descriptions focus on the various syntactic movements which take place within the maximal categories referred to as IP all of which play an important role in the formation of YIN and Wh-questions. For the sake of this study, only three types of movement will be considered - i. e. I- movement, V- movement, and Wh - movement Chapter Three: this chapter describes the syntactic movements which take place within the maximal categories referred to as Complementiser Phrase (CP) of the two languages within the same framework. The description focuses on I-to-C and Wh-movement. Chapter Four: this deals with English Small Clauses (SCs) and Syrian Verbless Clauses (VCs) also within the same framework. Chapter Five: this deals with contrasting the interrogative patterns of the two languages as identified in chapters 2,3 and 4, and with formulating predictions on the basis of the contrasts identified. Chapter Six: this highlights the methodology of the experiment conducted - i. e. data collection, design of the elicitation instruments, etc. Chapter Seven: this consists of analysing the elicited errors in the light of my predictions. it compares CA predictions with the attested errors to evaluate the success of the predictions and hypotheses. Chapter Eight: offers the discussion of disconfirmed predictions and errors irrelevant to predictions. Chapter Nine: this contains conclusions, pedagogical implications and recommendation for further research.
5
Ludani, Malele Ma. "Contrastive analysis of English, French and Kikongo interrogatives." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257643.
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6
Kasimir, Elke. "On 'nicht...sondern...' (contrastive 'not...but...')." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1953/.
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This article presents an analysis of German nicht...sondern... (contrastive not...but...) which departs from the commonly held view that this construction should be explained by appeal to its alleged corrective function. It will be demonstrated that in nicht A sondern B (not A but B), A and B just behave like stand-alone unmarked answers to a common question Q, and that this property of sondern is presuppositional in character. It is shown that from this general
observation many interesting properties of nicht...sondern... follow, among them distributional differences between German 'sondern' and German 'aber' (contrastive but, concessive but), intonational requirements and exhaustivity effects. sondern's presupposition is furthermore argued to be the result of the conventionalization of conversational implicatures.
7
Cid, Uribe Miriam Elizabeth. "Contrastive analysis of English and Spanish intonation using computer corpora - a preliminary study." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236136.
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Vadhanasindhu, Chanika. "Contrastive discourse analysis and reader perception of newspaper editorials in Thai and English." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280016.
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The primary purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive comparison of newspaper editorials in Thai written by native speakers of Thai (TT), in English written by both native speakers and non-native speakers of English published in Thailand (ET), and English written by native speakers of English published in the US (EA). The corpus used for textual analysis was composed of 10 editorials from each of the groups. A secondary purpose was to explore and contrast reader practices, expectations and perceptions relating to English-language editorials in Thailand and the US, which involved analysis of response to questionnaires by 30 native Thai (TS) and 30 native English speakers (ES). It was found that more EA editorials were published per day, covering broader topics than did editorials in Thailand. The Thai texts are more linguistically complex than English as there are typically more V-Units (terminal 'Verb-Units', posited in this study) in Thai sentences. ET editorials were more similar to EA than to TT on the range of purposes and the numbers of purposes per editorial. TT editorials have more diverse types of titles than do ET and EA editorials. ET editorials were more similar to EA editorials in terms of organization type preference. EA editorials follow Schneider and Connor's model of coherent text (1990) most closely and Witte's model (1982) least closely. Both TT and EA editorial writers generally write about their countries/people while ET writers write about other countries/people more often. Most ES subjects are correct in identifying the place of publication as the US or Thailand while guesses by Thai subjects are only at the level of chance for both. Linear organization, strong voice, grammatical structures and certain idiomatic expressions generally led ES subjects to believe an editorial was written by a native speaker of English. Methodologies used in this study could be useful for EJP and ESL students in Thailand.
9
Almeida, Maria Izabel de Andrade. "Prosa argumentativa em língua inglesa: um estudo contrastivo sobre advérbios em corpora digitais." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2908.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroEsta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal investigar como aprendizes brasileiros de língua inglesa usam advérbios com terminação em ly no inglês escrito, e comparar ao uso que deles fazem os falantes de inglês como língua materna. Para tanto, o trabalho encontra suporte teórico e metodológico na Linguística de Corpus e fundamenta-se na área chamada de pesquisa sobre corpora de aprendizes, que se ocupa da coleta e armazenagem de dados linguísticos de sujeitos aprendizes de uma língua estrangeira, para a formação de um corpus que possa ser utilizado para fins descritivos e pedagógicos. Esta área objetiva identificar em que aspectos os aprendizes diferem ou se assemelham aos falantes nativos. Os corpora empregados na pesquisa são o corpus de estudo (Br-ICLE), contendo inglês escrito por brasileiros, compilado de acordo com o projeto ICLE (International Corpus of Learner English) e dois corpora de referência (LOCNESS e BAWE), contendo inglês escrito por falantes de inglês como língua materna. Os resultados indicam que os alunos brasileiros usam, em demasia, as categorias de advérbios que indicam veracidade, realidade e intensidade, em relação ao uso que deles fazem os falantes nativos, além de usarem esses advérbios de forma distinta. Os resultados sugerem que, além das diferenças apresentadas em termos de frequência (seja pelo sobreuso ou subuso dos advérbios), os aprendizes apresentavam combinações errôneas, ou em termos de colocados ou em termos de prosódia semântica. E finalmente a pesquisa revela que a preferência dos aprendizes por advérbios que exprimem veracidade, realidade e intensidade cria a impressão de um discurso muito assertivo. Conclui-se que as diferenças encontradas podem estar ligadas a fatores como o tamanho dos corpora, a influência da língua materna dos aprendizes, a internalização dos elementos linguísticos necessários para a produção de um texto em língua estrangeira, a falta de fluência dos aprendizes e o contexto de sala de aula nas universidades
This research investigates how Brazilian learners of English use adverbs ending in-ly in written English and compares their use to that of speakers of English as a mother tongue. To this end, the work resorts to Corpus Linguistics as both theoretical and methodological support. The research is based on the area called Learner Corpora Research, which deals with the collection, storage and analysis of linguistic data produced by learners of a foreign language, which can then be used for descriptive and teaching purposes. This area aims to identify ways in which learners use of the foreign language is different or similar to that of native speakers. The data used in this research are the corpus of study (Br-ICLE), containing written English produced by Brazilian learners, built according to the ICLE project (International Corpus of Learner English), as well as two reference corpora (Locness and BAWE) containing written English produced by speakers of English as a mother tongue. The results indicate that Brazilian learners overuse the categories of adverbs that indicate truth, reality and intensity in comparison to the use made by native speakers, furthermore they use these adverbs in different ways. The results also suggest that, given the differences in frequency (either by overuse or underuse of adverbs), the learners tend to misuse combinations in terms of collocates or in terms of semantic prosody. And finally, the research reveals that the preference of learners for adverbs expressing truth, reality and intensity creates the impression of very assertive voices. We conclude that these differences may be related to factors such as the size of the corpus, the influence of the learners mother tongue, the internalization of linguistic elements needed to produce a text in a foreign language or even the lack of fluency of the learners and the classroom context in the universities
10
Merfedj, Zahri. "Componential and collocational features of verbs of motion in English, French and Arabic : a contrastive study." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386834.
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Féry, Caroline, and Frank Kügler. "Pitch accent scaling on given, new and focused constituents in German." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_verlag/2010/4609/.
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The influence of information structure on tonal scaling in German is examined experimentally. Eighteen speakers uttered a total of 2277 sentences of the same syntactic structure, but with a varying number of constituents, word order and focus-given structure. The quantified results for German support findings for other Germanic languages that the scaling of high tones, and thus the entire melodic pattern, is influenced by information structure. Narrow focus raised the high tones of pitch accents, while givenness lowered them in prenuclear position and canceled them out postnuclearly. The effects of focus and givenness are calculated against all-new sentences as a baseline, which we expected to be characterized by downstep, a significantly lower scaling of high tones as compared to declination. The results further show that information structure alone cannot account for all variations. We therefore assume that dissimilatory tonal effects play a crucial role in the tonal scaling of German. The effects consist of final f0 drop, a steep fall from a raised high tone to the bottom line of the speaker, H-raising before a low tone, and H-lowering before a raised high tone. No correlation between word order and tone scaling could be established.
2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
12
Lee, Choi-sim. "The macro-structure of English and Chinese editorial in Hong Kong newspapers." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21185219.
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NOSEDA, VALENTINA. "CORPORA PARALLELI E LINGUISTICA CONTRASTIVA: AMPLIAMENTO E APPLICAZIONI DEL CORPUS ITALIANO - RUSSO NEL NACIONAL'NYJ KORPUS RUSSKOGO JAZYKA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/24613.
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La Linguistica dei corpora - che fa uso di corpora elettronici annotati per lo studio delle lingue - è un approccio ormai diffuso e consolidato. I corpora paralleli, in particolare, in cui i testi in una lingua A sono allineati con la traduzione in lingua B, sono uno strumento molto utile nell’analisi contrastiva. La mancata disponibilità di corpora paralleli di qualità per le lingue di nostro interesse - russo e italiano - ci ha portati a volere ampliare e migliorare il corpus parallelo italiano-russo presente come corpus pilota nel Nacional’nyj Korpus Russkogo Jazyka (Corpus Nazionale della Lingua Russa). Il presente lavoro ha avuto pertanto uno scopo applicativo e uno teorico. Da un lato, dopo aver studiato le questioni imprescindibili per la progettazione di un corpus di qualità, sono stati stabiliti i criteri per l’ampliamento e inseriti nuovi testi, consentendo così al corpus parallelo di passare da 700.000 a più di 4 milioni di parole, entità che consente ora di condurre ricerche scientificamente valide. In seguito, sono state proposte tre analisi corpus-based così da mettere in luce le potenzialità del corpus ampliato: lo studio dei verbi prefissali di memoria russi e la loro resa in italiano; il confronto tra il causativo analitico italiano “fare + infinito” e il causativo russo; l’analisi comparata di quindici versioni italiane de Il Cappotto di N. Gogol’. Le tre analisi hanno consentito di avanzare innanzitutto osservazioni di carattere metodologico in vista di un ulteriore ampliamento e miglioramento del corpus parallelo italiano-russo. In secondo luogo, la prospettiva corpus-based si è dimostrata utile per approfondire lo studio di questi temi dal punto di vista teorico.Corpus Linguistics - which exploits electronic annotated corpora in the study of languages - is a widespread and consolidated approach. In particular, parallel corpora, where texts in a language are aligned with their translation in a second language, are an extremely useful tool in contrastive analysis. The lack of good parallel corpora for the languages of our interest - Russian and Italian - has led us to work for improving the Italian-Russian parallel corpus available as a pilot corpus in the Russian National Corpus. Therefore, this work had a twofold aim: practical and theoretical. On the one hand, after studying the essential issues for designing a high-quality corpus, all the criteria for expanding the corpus were established and the number of texts was increased, allowing the Italian-Russian parallel corpus, which counted 700.000 words, to reach more than 4 million words. As a result, it is now possible to conduct scientifically valid research based on this corpus. On the other hand, three corpus-based analyses were proposed in order to highlight the potential of the corpus: the study of prefixed Russian memory verbs and their translation into Italian; the comparison between the Italian analytic causative "fare + infinitive" and Russian causative verbs; The comparative analysis of fifteen Italian versions of The Overcoat by N. Gogol'. These analyses first of all allowed to advance some methodological remarks considering a further enlargement and improvement of the Italian-Russian parallel corpus. Secondly, the corpus-based approach has proved to be useful in deepening the study of these topics from a theoretical point of view.
14
NOSEDA, VALENTINA. "CORPORA PARALLELI E LINGUISTICA CONTRASTIVA: AMPLIAMENTO E APPLICAZIONI DEL CORPUS ITALIANO - RUSSO NEL NACIONAL'NYJ KORPUS RUSSKOGO JAZYKA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/24613.
Full textAbstract:
La Linguistica dei corpora - che fa uso di corpora elettronici annotati per lo studio delle lingue - è un approccio ormai diffuso e consolidato. I corpora paralleli, in particolare, in cui i testi in una lingua A sono allineati con la traduzione in lingua B, sono uno strumento molto utile nell’analisi contrastiva. La mancata disponibilità di corpora paralleli di qualità per le lingue di nostro interesse - russo e italiano - ci ha portati a volere ampliare e migliorare il corpus parallelo italiano-russo presente come corpus pilota nel Nacional’nyj Korpus Russkogo Jazyka (Corpus Nazionale della Lingua Russa). Il presente lavoro ha avuto pertanto uno scopo applicativo e uno teorico. Da un lato, dopo aver studiato le questioni imprescindibili per la progettazione di un corpus di qualità, sono stati stabiliti i criteri per l’ampliamento e inseriti nuovi testi, consentendo così al corpus parallelo di passare da 700.000 a più di 4 milioni di parole, entità che consente ora di condurre ricerche scientificamente valide. In seguito, sono state proposte tre analisi corpus-based così da mettere in luce le potenzialità del corpus ampliato: lo studio dei verbi prefissali di memoria russi e la loro resa in italiano; il confronto tra il causativo analitico italiano “fare + infinito” e il causativo russo; l’analisi comparata di quindici versioni italiane de Il Cappotto di N. Gogol’. Le tre analisi hanno consentito di avanzare innanzitutto osservazioni di carattere metodologico in vista di un ulteriore ampliamento e miglioramento del corpus parallelo italiano-russo. In secondo luogo, la prospettiva corpus-based si è dimostrata utile per approfondire lo studio di questi temi dal punto di vista teorico.Corpus Linguistics - which exploits electronic annotated corpora in the study of languages - is a widespread and consolidated approach. In particular, parallel corpora, where texts in a language are aligned with their translation in a second language, are an extremely useful tool in contrastive analysis. The lack of good parallel corpora for the languages of our interest - Russian and Italian - has led us to work for improving the Italian-Russian parallel corpus available as a pilot corpus in the Russian National Corpus. Therefore, this work had a twofold aim: practical and theoretical. On the one hand, after studying the essential issues for designing a high-quality corpus, all the criteria for expanding the corpus were established and the number of texts was increased, allowing the Italian-Russian parallel corpus, which counted 700.000 words, to reach more than 4 million words. As a result, it is now possible to conduct scientifically valid research based on this corpus. On the other hand, three corpus-based analyses were proposed in order to highlight the potential of the corpus: the study of prefixed Russian memory verbs and their translation into Italian; the comparison between the Italian analytic causative "fare + infinitive" and Russian causative verbs; The comparative analysis of fifteen Italian versions of The Overcoat by N. Gogol'. These analyses first of all allowed to advance some methodological remarks considering a further enlargement and improvement of the Italian-Russian parallel corpus. Secondly, the corpus-based approach has proved to be useful in deepening the study of these topics from a theoretical point of view.
15
Shwayder, Kobey. "The best binary split algorithm a deterministic method for dividing vowel inventories into contrastive distinctive features /." Waltham, Mass. : Brandeis University, 2009. http://dcoll.brandeis.edu/handle/10192/23254.
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Sant'Anna, Magalí Rosa de. "A pronúncia das consoantes inglesas em final de vocábulo por falantes brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-03022009-113509/.
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A amostra da presente pesquisa foi composta por 45 falantes do português brasileiro que aprendiam inglês como língua estrangeira. Todos foram alunos do ensino superior, do curso de Tradutor, de uma universidade privada da cidade de São Paulo. O objetivo foi analisar a produção das consoantes inglesas em final de vocábulo, nos padrões silábicos, VC e CVC, em dois momentos, com e sem treino. Os resultados evidenciaram mudanças de desempenho na análise póstreino. Foi também verificada a ocorrência de mais erros no padrão VC em função da categoria de erro VocalizaçãoThe sample of the present research consisted of 45 Portuguese Brazilian speakers, who were learning English as a foreign language. All of them are attending the Translator course, in a private university, in the city of São Paulo. The aim of this research was to analyze the production of English ending consonants, based on syllabic patterns, VC and CVC, in two different moments, with and without training. It was also verified the occurrence of more errors in the VC pattern related to Vocalization category
17
Ageli, Nuri R. "Tense and aspect in the English of Libyan Arabic-speaking students : a contrastive/error analysis study with pedagogical implications." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249374.
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Selkirk, Elisabeth. "Contrastive focus, givenness and the unmarked status of “Discourse-New”." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1967/.
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New evidence is provided for a grammatical principle that singles out contrastive focus (Rooth 1996; Truckenbrodt 1995) and distinguishes it from discourse-new “informational” focus. Since the prosody of discourse-given constituents may also be distinguished from discourse-new, a three-way distinction in representation is motivated. It is assumed that an F-feature marks just contrastive focus (Jackendoff 1972, Rooth 1992), and that a G-feature marks discoursegiven constituents (Féry and Samek-Lodovici 2006), while discoursenew is unmarked. A crucial argument for G-marking comes from second occurrence focus (SOF) prosody, which arguably derives from a syntactic representation where SOF is both F-marked and G-marked. This analysis relies on a new G-Marking Condition specifying that a contrastive focus may be G-marked only if the focus semantic value of its scope is discourse-given, i.e. only if the contrast itself is given.
19
Pham, Thi Hoa, and n/a. "Interrogative mood in English and Vietnamese : a systemic contrastive analysis." University of Canberra. Information Sciences, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.105609.
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The purpose of this study is to present a contrastive
analysis of the different types of interrogative
sentences in English and Vietnamese including their
structures and meanings. It is also hoped that the result
of this study will be of some use to English teachers in
Vietnam in their classroom teaching and in their preparation
of teaching materials. It may also be useful to Vietnamese
students who are learning English, especially when
learning the English interrogative mood.
Hitherto, there have been different models of
description of language, but the systemic model is considered
to be one of the most comprehensive, since it is
able to bring out the functional uses of language and can
be used to describe any language. For this reason, the
systemic model is adopted in this paper to describe the
two systems of the English and Vietnamese interrogative
mood.
The varieties of the two languages, English and
Vietnamese, from which examples are taken for analysis
in this paper, are Southern British Standard and Standard
Vietnamese ranging from colloquial to literary.
Throughout each chapter, the examples are numbered
in consecutive order. Examples in Vietnamese are
presented with a slash mark ( / ) placed between lexical
items to facilitate the matching of Vietnamese with the
literal English translation which follows. The literal
translation is followed by a freer English translation
enclosed in quotation marks.
The study consists of five chapters. In the
first chapter, the author begins by summarizing different
views on the nature of language and their applications
in language teaching and learning, and then presents
a short introduction to systemic linguistics and a brief
sketch of systemic grammar.
The second chapter is about the English interrogative
mood. This description of the English interrogative
mood is largely based on the ideas on Mood presented by
D. J. Young, lecturer in English in the University of
Wales Institute of Science and Technology in Britain.
In the third chapter, an attempt is made to provide
a detailed description of the different types of
interrogative sentences in Vietnamese.
Chapter four moves to a contrastive analysis
which consists of a textual and then a systemic comparison
and contrast of the two interrogative mood systems in
English and Vietnamese.
A recapitulation of what has been done in the
previous chapters and some suggestions for the preparation
of teaching material and the teaching of English interrogative
sentences to Vietnamese students are presented in
chapter five, which is the last chapter of the study.
20
Joharry, Siti Aeisha Binti. "Malaysian learners’ argumentative writing in English: A contrastive, corpus-driven study." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16770.
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Research on learner English is by now an established sub-discipline in corpus linguistics, yet few studies exist on Malaysian learners. This thesis explores the difficulties that Malaysian learners of English face when producing argumentative essays, focussing on their overuse of particular linguistic features. WordSmith Tools (Scott, 2012) is used to analyse and compare two corpora: The Malaysian Corpus of Students’ Argumentative Writing (MCSAW): Version 2, consisting of 1,460 Malaysian students’ argumentative essays; and the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (LOCNESS), which is a corpus of native English essays written by British and American students and is used as a reference language variety here. The software enables analysis of keywords (words that are over-used in MCSCAW), collocates or surrounding words of the keywords, and concordances, which are used to examine the keywords in context. Crucially, it also allows examination of the ‘range’ of linguistic features (i.e. by how many students a feature is employed) – an under-used but crucial affordance of this software programme that is exploited in this thesis for down-sampling purposes. The thesis combines quantitative and qualitative corpus linguistic techniques, with keywords providing the starting point for in-depth qualitative analysis using concordancing. This corpus-driven analysis of MCSAW identifies typical features of the writing style of Malaysian learners’ writing of English, particularly the overuse of can and we (including the highly frequent bundle we can), and the lack of discourse-organising markers. Analysis of key words and key bundles is complemented with collocation analysis and concordancing of the highly frequent modal verb can as well as the highly frequent first person plural pronoun we, which both have a high range across the corpus. The concordances are carefully and systematically examined to explore the ways in which these over-used linguistic items are actually employed in their co-text by the Malaysian writers. While results show some similarities in both learner corpus and reference language variety, Malaysian learners tend to demonstrate higher writer visibility overall. One possible explanation lies in the influence of the national language (Malay). The thesis also identifies repeated sentences that occur in more than one essay, which implies either plagiarism on the learners’ part or a particular teaching strategy (templates or phrases that are provided to students). This finding has significant implications for corpus design (in terms of the need for more topic variation) as well as methodological significance (in terms of the advantages and disadvantages of using the ‘range’ feature for down-sampling), which are also discussed in this thesis. In sum, this thesis makes a new contribution to corpus linguistic research on learner English and will have implications for the development of teaching practices for Malaysian learners of English.
21
Mohamed, Ayisha. "A contrastive study of syntactic relations, cohesion and punctuation as markers of rhetorical organization in Arabic and English narrative texts." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333348.
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Henkel, Daniel. "L'adjectif en anglais et en français : Syntaxe, Sémantique et Traduction." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040185.
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La position défendue ici est que l'étude quantitative parallèle d'un phénomène linguistique, effectuée dans desconditions identiques, permet de mieux comparer deux systèmes linguistiques que l'étude du mêmephénomène en traduction. En l'occurrence, ce sont les catégories adjectivales de l'anglais et du français quiont été étudiées. Des critères d'identification communs ont été définis dans une perspective typologique.Ensuite, dans deux corpus bilingues traduits de 10 000 mots chacun, environ 1 800 SN ont été recensés etétiquetés manuellement dans chaque langue comme étant sans épithète ni attribut, ou bien avec épithète, oubien avec attribut, ou bien les deux en même temps. D'autres paramètres contextuels (déterminant, fonctionsyntaxique du SN, présence de SP et/ou de relatives, gradation, classe sémantique du nom recteur) ont aussiété pris en compte dans l'étiquetage manuel. Deux corpus littéraires de 5 millions de mots dans chaquelangue ont aussi été réunis selon des critères communs, et étiquetés par catégories grammaticales. Desrecherches par expressions rationnelles ont permis d'établir pour chaque adjectif sa prédisposition à lafonction épithète ou attributive, et sa réceptivité à la gradation. L'étude quantitative parallèle a permis deconstater des convergences entre l'anglais et le français en ce qui concerne les rapports entre adjectifs etdéterminants, des divergences quant aux interactions avec les prépositions, et d'établir une corrélationstatistique entre la compatibilité avec la fonction attributive et la réceptivité à la gradation. Cependant,aucune de ces tendances n'apparaît clairement dans le recensement des traductions auxquelles les adjectifsont donné lieuThe argument put forward herein is that a quantitative parallel study of a linguistic phenomenon is bettersuited to the comparative study of two linguistic systems than the observation of the same phenomenon intranslation. The adjectival categories in English and French were studied in such a manner. Common criteriafor identification were first defined from a typological perspective. Then, in two bilingual corpora oftranslated texts of around 10,000 words each, around 1,800 NPs were manually inventoried and labeled ineach language either as having no attributive or predicative adjective, or one or more attributive adjectives, orone or more predicative adjectives, or both at the same time. Other contextual parameters (determiner,syntactic function of the NP, presence of prepositions or relative clauses in the NP, marks of intensity,semantic class of the noun) were manually inventoried as well. Two predominantly literary corpora of around5 million words in each language were collected using common criteria, and tagged with part of speechlabels. Regex searches were used to evaluate the predisposition for attributive or predicative function, andsensitivity to intensifiers of each adjective. The quantitative parallel study of adjectives revealedconvergences between English and French regarding the interactions with determiners, divergences in regardto prepositions, as well as a statistical correlation between the compatibility with predicative function andreceptivity to intensifiers. None of these tendencies
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Becker, Thomas. "Contrastive analysis for teaching Koine Greek case syntax to Russian-speaking students." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p023-0209.
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Fox, Christine M. "Writing across cultures : contrastive rhetoric and a writing center study of one student's journey /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3141842.
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Delettres, Cécile. "La sémantique des quantificateurs vagues : étude contrastive allemand-français." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040142.
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Cette thèse a pour objet de décrire précisément le sémantisme des quantificateurs vagues du français quelques et plusieurs, et de l’allemand einig-, ein paar, etlich- et mehrer- afin d’en proposer une comparaison. Une analyse qualitative d’un corpus littéraire français nous a permis de dégager des critères de fonctionnement sémantique permettant de rapprocher et de différencier les deux quantificateurs entre eux. Ces critères de fonctionnement ont pu, pour la plupart, être appliqués ensuite aux quantificateurs de l’allemand, analysés à partir d’un corpus parallèle au corpus français. L’étude d’un second corpus allemand, journalistique, a permis de cerner des préférences d’emploi relatives à ce genre de discours. Tous ces quantificateurs vagues partagent un noyau dur de sens « petite quantité vague » et ce sont donc les sèmes et les traits potentiels secondaires qui permettent de connaître le profil sémantique propre de chacun, de comprendre leur fonctionnement et donc leurs préférences d’emploi. Dans une dernière partie nous rapprochons le fonctionnement des quantificateurs des deux langues, proposons des équivalences par contextes d’emploi et des améliorations de leur traitement lexicographique aussi bien monolingue que bilingueThe purpose of this thesis is to describe precisely the semantics of the French vague quantifiers quelques and plusieurs, and of the German einig-, ein paar, etlich- and mehrer- in order to propose a comparison. A qualitative analysis of a French literary corpus has allowed us to extricate semantic operating criteria allowing to differentiate the quantifiers from each other. These operating criteria had the possibility, for the most part, to be then applied to German quantifiers, analyzed from a similar corpus to the French one. The study of a second German corpus, journalistic, has allowed to hone on the preferences of use relative to that kind of speech. All these vague quantifiers share a core meaning of “small vague quantities” and therefore the semes and the secondary potential traits allow to know each’s own semantic profile, to understand their operation and thus their preferred use. In the last part we put together the functioning of both language’s quantifiers, offer equivalencies by context and improvements of their monolingual and bilingual lexicographic treatment
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Aal, Hosny A. Wahab A. "A contrastive linguistic study of the influence of English-Arabic translation on journalistic models in Arabic : with a special emphasis on the Egyptian press." Thesis, University of Bath, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303031.
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Uggla, Caroline. "Swedish Second Language Learners’ Ability to Pronounce English Contrastive Consonant Phonemes." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-30172.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate sixth form students’ pronunciation, and their exposure to English during their English lessons in school. The focus of the study is to investigate whether or not the students have problems with pronouncing the contrastive consonant phonemes that do not exist, or are rarely used in the Swedish language (i.e /z/). In order to investigate the students’ pronunciation, questionnaires were handed out, followed by a reading exercise that was recorded. Also, a questionnaire was handed out to the students’ teachers in order to investigate their thoughts about the importance of teaching pronunciation. The participating students and teachers in this essay were chosen from a school in the south-west part of Sweden. The results in this essay show that the majority of the students participating had difficulties pronouncing the English consonant phonemes which do not exist, or are rarely used, in Swedish i.e /z/, /tʃ/ and /dʒ/. Furthermore, the results in this essay show that the students are more likely to pronounce English words with consonant phonemes similar to those used in Swedish.
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García, Rodríguez Joseph. "Las unidades fraseológicas del español y el catalán con elementos de la naturaleza: estudio cognitivo-contrastivo y propuesta de un diccionario electrónico de fraseología bilingüe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667253.
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Esta tesis doctoral constituye un avance en los estudios fraseológicos del español y el catalán desde los puntos de vista cognitivo, contrastivo y lexicográfico mediante el análisis de unidades fraseológicas (UFS) de ambas lenguas que contienen un elemento léxico de la naturaleza (agua, tierra, fuego y aire). En la actualidad, aún no existe un estudio exhaustivo que intente dar cuenta del potencial que posee esta temática para la creación de fraseologismos.
El primer capítulo se centra en las aportaciones realizadas hasta el momento sobre los aspectos teóricos de la fraseología con el fin de hallar una propuesta terminológica, conceptual y taxonómica que permita sistematizar el estudio de las UFS.
El segundo proporciona el marco teórico para esta investigación: la lingüística cognitiva. Sus postulados se centran en demostrar la importancia de la interacción entre el sujeto y el mundo que lo rodea. Los mecanismos de la metáfora, la metonimia y la metaftonimia toman una relevancia significativa puesto que son los que permiten entender cómo se forman los fraseologismos desde las perspectivas semántica y simbólica.
En el tercer capítulo se examinan los estudios relacionados con la fraseología y la fraseografía española y catalana, además de las aportaciones que versan sobre los diferentes tipos de equivalentes fraseológicos. Se reflexiona también sobre el desarrollo de la lingüística computacional, cuyos avances favorecen la creación de diccionarios electrónicos que permiten una interactividad y eficacia mayor que la versión en papel tanto en las búsquedas como en los resultados. Asimismo, se defiende la elaboración de un diccionario electrónico de fraseología bilingüe español-catalán, dado que los existentes (solo en papel) no consiguen solventar con totalidad las necesidades de los usuarios.
Se concretan, en el cuarto capítulo, las obras que han servido como fuente para obtener los datos de las diferentes UFS del corpus de esta investigación, así como la metodología empleada para su posterior análisis.
Con relación a la lingüística cognitiva, en el quinto capítulo se procede a clasificar las UFS recogidas en conceptos y estos en hiperónimos para observar la tendencia de los diferentes elementos de la naturaleza a la hora de conceptualizar la realidad y demostrar, de manera más homogénea, cuáles son los mecanismos de formación más abundantes que subyacen a este tipo de unidades, así como sus motivaciones.
En el sexto capítulo se clasifican las UFS del español y el catalán según el grado de equivalencia que poseen. Los parámetros de análisis empleados son cinco: la estructura morfosintáctica, los elementos léxicos, el significado fraseológico, el connotativo y la iconicidad.
Por último, en el séptimo capítulo se ofrece una propuesta real de diccionario electrónico de fraseología bilingüe español-catalán, denominado FRAESCAT, cuya elaboración se ha divido en dos fases: preparación y difusión de una encuesta a posibles usuarios del diccionario y desarrollo de una aplicación con UFS analizadas en la tesis, considerando las necesidades de las personas encuestadas y los avances en la lexicografía electrónica.
En suma, la investigación que se ha desarrollado abarca distintas perspectivas con la intención de analizar exhaustivamente los datos del corpus. Se ha demostrado que los elementos de la naturaleza son muy productivos a nivel fraseológico. Esto, a su vez, se refleja en la cantidad de conceptos y mecanismos cognitivos que subyacen a estas unidades. Desde el punto de vista contrastivo, los resultados obtenidos del análisis de los equivalentes propuestos indican la diversidad fraseológica que presentan español y catalán y, por tanto, queda demostrado que, a pesar de ser dos lenguas romances que comparten territorio y aspectos culturales y lingüísticos, muestran diferencias evidentes referentes a la fraseología y esenciales para justificar la necesidad de desarrollar el diccionario electrónico propuesto en esta tesis.This doctoral thesis is a breakthrough in phraseological studies of Spanish and Catalan from cognitive, contrastive and lexicographical points of view through the analysis of phraseologisms of both languages that contain a lexical element of nature (water, earth, air and fire). At present, there is still no comprehensive study that tries to report the potential that this subject has for phraseologies creation. The first chapter focuses on the contributions made so far about the theoretical aspects of phraseology in order to find a terminological, conceptual and taxonomic proposal to systematize the study of phraseological units. The second provides the theoretical framework for this research: cognitive linguistics. Its postulates focus on demonstrating the importance of interaction between the subject and the world around him. The mechanisms of metaphor, metonymy and metaphonomy take on significant relevance since they allow us to understand how phraseologisms are formed from semantic and symbolic perspectives. In the third chapter, the studies related to phraseology and Spanish and Catalan phraseology are examined, as well as the contributions that deal with different types of phraseological equivalents. It also reflects on the development of computational linguistics, whose advances promote the creation of electronic dictionaries that allow greater interactivity and effectiveness than the paper version, in both searches and results. Likewise, the development of an electronic dictionary of bilingual Spanish-Catalan phraseology is defended, given that the existing ones (only on paper) do not manage to fully solve users’ needs. In the fourth chapter, the works that have served as a source to obtain the data of different UFS of the corpus of this research, as well as methodology used for its subsequent analysis, are specified. Regarding cognitive linguistics, in the fifth chapter we proceed to classify the phraseologisms collected in concepts and these in hypernyms to observe the tendency of different elements of nature to conceptualize reality and demonstrate, in a more homogeneous way, which are the most abundant training mechanisms that underlie this type of units, as well as their motivations. In the sixth chapter, Spanish and Catalan phraseologisms are classified according to the degree of equivalence they possess. The analysis parameters used are five: morphosyntactic structure, lexical elements, phraseological meaning, connotative meaning and iconicity. Finally, in the seventh chapter a real proposal of an electronic dictionary of Spanish-Catalan bilingual phraseology, called FRAESCAT, is offered, whose elaboration has been divided into two phases: preparation and dissemination of a survey to possible users of the dictionary and the development of an application with phraseological units analysed in the thesis, considering people surveyed needs and the advances in electronic lexicography. In conclusion, the research that has been developed covers different perspectives with the intention of analysing the corpus data exhaustively. It has been shown that natural elements are very productive at phraseological level. This, in turn, is reflected in the number of concepts and cognitive mechanisms that underlie these units. From the contrastive point of view, the results obtained from the analysis of the proposed equivalents indicate the phraseological diversity that Spanish and Catalan present and, therefore, it is demonstrated that, in spite of being two Romance languages that share territory and cultural and linguistic aspects, they show evident differences referring to the phraseology, essential to justify the need to develop the electronic dictionary proposed in this thesis.
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Calzada, Perez Maria. "Transitivity in translating : the interdependence of texture and context : a contrastive study of original and translated speeches in English and Spanish from the European parliament." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1294.
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Cairns, Ronald Simpson. "Some contrastive aspects of Japanese-English phonology : a study in prediction of difficulty and prediction of error in the speech of Japanese learners of English." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242002.
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Bjarnadóttir, Valgerður. "Non-canonical case-marking on core arguments in Lithuanian : A historical and contrastive perspective." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för baltiska språk, finska och tyska, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108978.
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This thesis presents a description and analysis of non-canonical case-marking of core arguments in Lithuanian. It consists of an introduction and six articles, providing historical and/or contrastive perspective to this issue. More specifically, using data from Lithuanian dialects, Old Lithuanian and other languages such as Icelandic, Latin and Finnic for comparison, the thesis examines the development and current state of non-canonical case-marking of core arguments in Lithuanian The present work draws on empirical findings and theoretical considerations to investigate non-canonical case-marking, language variation and historical linguistics. Special attention is paid to the variation in the case-marking of body parts in pain verb constructions, where an accusative-marked body part is used in Standard Lithuanian, and alongside, a nominative-marked body part in Lithuanian dialects. A common objective of the first three articles is to clarify and to seek a better understanding for the reasons for this case variation. The research provides evidence that nominative is the original case-marking of body parts in pain specific construction, i.e. with verbs, with the original meaning of pain, like skaudėti and sopėti ‘hurt, feel pain’. On the contrary, in derived pain constructions, i.e. with verbs like gelti with the original meaning of ‘sting, bite’ and diegti with the original meaning ‘plant’, accusative is the original case-marking of body parts. This accusative is explained by means of an oblique anticausative and it is argued furthermore that it is extended into the pain specific construction. The three last articles focus on the comparative and contrastive perspective. Their main results include the following: Lithuanian and Icelandic differ considerably in the frequency of using accusative vs. dative marking on the highest ranked argument. Accusative is more frequently used in Lithuanian while dative is dominant in Icelandic. The semantic fields of the dative subject construction have remained very stable, suggesting that the dative subject construction is inherited. It has, however, become productive in the history of Germanic, Baltic and Slavic. The similarities in Finnic and Baltic partiality-based object and subject-marking systems are due to Baltic influence.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: In press. Paper 2: In press. Paper 3: In press.
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Kiss, Katalin É. "Topic and focus :two structural positions associated with logical functions in the left periphery of the Hungarian Sentence." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1963/.
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The paper explicates the notions of topic, contrastive topic, and focus
as used in the analysis of Hungarian. Based on distributional criteria, topic and focus are claimed to represent distinct structural positions in the left periphery of the Hungarian sentence, associated with logical rather than discourse functions. The topic is interpreted as the logical subject of predication. The focus is analyzed as a derived main predicate, specifying the referential content of the set denoted by the backgrounded post-focus section of the sentence. The exhaustivity associated with the focus and the existential presupposition associated with the background are shown to be properties following from their specificational predication relation.
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Burlaga, Christine Marie. "A contrastive approach to the thematic analysis of text and genre: An examination of lead news articles in Le Monde, Al-Ittihad, and The New York Times." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2578.
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This thesis examines thematization and patterns of thematic progression (TP) in French, Arabic, and English lead news articles. Similarities between French, Arabic, and English themic lead news stories at the clausal and textual levels suggest that there may be a fundamental principle underlying how the mind organizes language. The results may be applied to the creation of translation software that is faithful to source texts at the sentential and global levels or used in teaching in a second language classroom.
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Qian, Hong. "Join me for the alignment : investigating the appraisal construed and reconstrued in media texts and their translations." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2525525.
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LEOUE, Jean Gilbert. "SEMANTAXE ET GRAMMATICALISATION DE DO EN ANGLAIS: APPROCHE CONTRASTIVE." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007021.
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Fondée sur une approche contrastive, cette étude a quatre objectifs : (a) considérer l'inférence des langues en contact dans le développement diachronique de l'anglais et bâtir une hypothèse sur l'origine de l'emploi périphrastique de DO ; (b) s'appuyer sur les faits avérés en diachronie et en étymologie pour montrer que la grammaticalisation de DO n'est pas le résultat d'un processus de désémantisation ; (c) partir d'une démarche fondée sur l'invariance pour montrer que tout comme sa contrepartie lexicale, la forme auxiliée de DO a bien une signification en langue naturelle ; (d) formuler une analyse critique des acceptions courantes en terme de catégorisation binaire ou ternaire entre le lexical et l'auxiliaire ; ce qui permet de montrer d'une part que la proforme DO SO peut effectivement reprendre des prédicats statifs purs, et d'autre part qu'en tant qu'opérateur de ‘thèse', DO a une fonction énonciative qui rend compte non seulement de son occurrence, mais aussi de sa non-occurrence dans le linéaire.
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Maxwell-Reid, Corinne Rhona. "Effect of bilingual education on students' first language written discourse : a contrastive Spanish-English study using systemic functional linguistics." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6189.
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This thesis investigates whether studying through English has an effect on the written texts secondary school students produce in their first language, Spanish. Research in bilingual education has tended to focus on students‟ language proficiency and academic achievement as opposed to investigating differences in discourse norms. However, an increased awareness of the role of discourse in language use and the culturally-specific nature of discourse, along with a growing concern over the dominance of the English language in Europe and elsewhere, have widened the range of questions identified as requiring investigation in bilingual education. Popular understanding suggests that English speakers make different choices from Spanish speakers in particular rhetorical situations. Although research into these contrasts can be problematic, there is support for the existence of cultural preference in the selection of options, and specific areas of similarity and difference between Spanish and English discourse have been suggested. This study then looks at one group of secondary three (3º E.S.O.) Spanish students studying through English on a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) programme in Spain, and compares two sets of argumentative texts written in Spanish by the CLIL students with equivalent texts written by non-CLIL students in the same school. Forty-eight texts are examined in total, and the comparison draws on previous research into discourse differences between Spanish and English texts from contrastive rhetoric, systemic functional linguistics (SFL), and other fields, using tools from SFL for the textual analysis. Areas of analysis include use of clause complexes, multiple Theme and thematic progression, and also genre structure and text organisation strategies for argumentative writing. The main contrasts are found to be in length of t-units, use of simplexes versus complexes, use of multiple Theme, and some issues of text structure. These differences largely correspond to contrasts found in studies comparing written Spanish and written English text, with the CLIL students‟ texts showing features more commonly associated with English writing. Additional data from analysis of the geography textbooks used by the CLIL and non-CLIL students, questionnaires administered to these students, and interviews with their teachers are also used to explore the possible CLIL effect on the students‟ written text. The study discusses how discourse conventions associated with English text in contrast with Spanish text may have influenced the Spanish writing of the CLIL students, considering possibilities including the effect of direct and indirect teaching, and the more general impact of the CLIL programme. Also explored is the question of whether this possible influence of English on Spanish language use is a matter for concern or not, with increased work on language and discourse awareness suggested as a potential response. Methodological issues raised through the study relating to aspects of text analysis and of data collection are also addressed.
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Soulet, Valérie. "Les énoncés averbaux en français et en anglais : conditions d’occurrence, interprétations, traductions et recherche d’un invariant." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30048/document.
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Le but de cette thèse est d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur la prédication averbale en français et en anglais, essentiellement dans le cadre théorique de la TOE. Le choix a donc été fait de parler d’énoncés averbaux plutôt que de phrases averbales. Après un important travail de définition des énoncés averbaux (que nous distinguons de l’ellipse, de l’apposition et de la prédication seconde) nous présentons les divers types d’énoncés averbaux et examinons la diversité des conditions d’occurrences dans lesquelles ils sont employés (discours littéraire et journalistique, discours muséal, contexte de signalisation, discours publicitaire), tout en ayant comme objectif la mise au jour d’un dénominateur commun, quel que soit le type de discours. Nous dressons la liste des principales différences de fonctionnement entre les deux langues, nous mettons en avant la nécessité de dépasser la typologie courante pour aboutir à un continuum interprétatif. Nous mettons en avant la dimension dialogique des énoncés averbaux ainsi que leur lien avec le présent et donc avec les paramètres qui constituent la situation d’énonciation et l’extralinguistique. Nous employons la métaphore de la proximité pour définir les relations entre l’énonciateur et divers éléments que sont l’extralinguistique, le co-énonciateur, la modalité et le contenu propositionnel des énoncés averbauxOur aim in this dissertation is to shed new light on verbless predication in English and French, within the theoretical framework developed by Antoine Culioli (TOE). The focus is accordingly on verbless utterances rather than verbless sentences. A general definition of verbless utterances is first given. These should not be confused with elliptical constructions, apposition and secondary predication. A typology of verbless utterances is first set up. We then provide a characterization of the different discourse types in which they occur (literature, news media, museum texts and captions, signposting, advertising). Verbless utterances, it is shown, share common, stable features, irrespective of their use and interpretation. Syntactic differences between English and French are outlined. The need for an interpretative continuum is highlighted. So is the need to underscore the dialogical dimension of verbless utterances, as well as their crucial connection to the present, i.e. to the speech situation and implied contextual parameters. The metaphorical concept of proximity is applied to describe the relationship between the speaker and the extralinguistic situation, the addressee, the modality and the propositional content of the verbless utterance
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Gomes, Andrew. "Investigating the tonal contours of Sawi nouns : A contrastive analysis with established tonal features of Palula." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-136539.
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This study explores whether or not tonal contours are a contrastive feature in Sawi nouns. It aims to provide evidence towards the claim that Sawi has lost contrastive tones and provide a basis from which further research into how the use of qualitative vowel differences may have replaced the pitch accent system still found in Sawi’s closest relative, Palula. This was done through the analysis of a corpus of Sawi nouns with a computer program that visually stylizes prosodic and tonal features in audio samples of the language. This corpus was then analyzed for trends within itself as well as compared to known trends in the Palula lexicon. The findings support the original hypothesis that Sawi nouns do not have contrastive pitch accents, as found in Palula; and that further research may reveal a regular or semi-regular tonal contour accentuating the final mora of each noun.
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Davies, Roger J. "The academic writing of Japanese students of English : contrastive rhetoric and its implications for an integrated approach to composition pedagogy." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-academic-writing-of-japanese-students-of-english--contrastive-rhetoric-and-its-implications-for-an-integrated-approach-to-composition-pedagogy(bc114cb9-af5b-4b89-b4f6-77fa1b69ab73).html.
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This thesis begins with the assertion that there are serious inadequacies in the academic writing of Japanese students of English studying at the post-secondary level in Japan. To substantiate this claim, Chapter 1 presents a preliminary profile of student writing, based on a survey of the literature, the testimony of established authorities, and representative samples of student compositions, establishing baseline parameters of infelicity in their written work and identifying key features that characterize such writing. This survey also reveals numerous problems inherent in the research carried out to date, including the fact that terminological confusions are widespread and findings tend to be impressionistic and anecdotal. Chapter 1 concludes with a statement of the basic premise of this thesis, claiming that given effective instruction, based on an integrated approach to composition pedagogy, Japanese EL2 students are capable of making significant improvements in their academic writing skills. Although purely descriptive, taxonomic approaches to the analysis of written discourse, such as the profile of student writing presented in Chapter 1, are often a useful initial heuristic, they also have a number of important limits, especially in accommodating cross-language linguistic evidence, and in providing a suitable basis for understanding the origins of students' writing difficulties. Such issues cannot be resolved at this level of analysis and need to be addressed within a framework of applied linguistic theory. Chapter 2 establishes this framework, exploring the evolution of research models in contrastive rhetoric and examining the influence of related areas of investigation in contrastive linguistics and discourse linguistics. Based on the assumption that language learners will transfer the rhetorical features of their native language to the target language, causing interference in second language writing, contemporary theories in contrastive rhetoric have moved beyond the boundaries of text itself to include the cognitive and sociocultural dimensions of language transfer, in particular the context in which text is produced, both situational and cultural. This research paradigm provides the theoretical basis for the investigations that follow, defining the conceptual parameters of the present study. Although contrastive rhetoric has been strongly influenced by movements within applied linguistics, it also has a direct relationship with both classical and modem rhetoric. Chapter 3 explores this relationship, examining the evolution of rhetoric and discourse education in the western tradition in an investigation designed to clarify the standards, norms, and conventions that define the writing canon of modem English prose, and to identify the historical antecedents of modem-day disciplines such as discourse analysis, text linguistics, and composition pedagogy. While the study of rhetoric helps specify the qualities that define effective writing in English, how they originated, and why they continue to be valued, the vi goal of research in composition pedagogy is to develop approaches, methods, and techniques for the classroom which will tell us how such writing should be taught. Chapter 4 provides an overview of composition pedagogy in both Li and L2 contexts, investigating the multiplicity of approaches to teaching writing cuffently proliferating in the field and the theoretical assumptions that underlie them. Chapters 5 and 6 provide a roughly parallel descriptive framework for Japanese rhetoric along cultural, historical, and educational dimensions, for if rhetorical transfer from Japanese can be presumed to be one the main reasons for students' writing difficulties in English, then it is essential to have a rigorous accounting of Japanese rhetorical conventions, including the cultural and educational contexts from which they arise. Chapter 5 defines the principal characteristics of Japanese rhetoric from a sociohistorical perspective, identifying formative elements in the culture that influence rhetorical values and preferences, while Chapter 6 assesses the educational environment in which writing skills are acquired in Japan in a survey of Li and L2 composition instruction and practice in Japanese schools. Building on the conclusions drawn from these investigations, Chapter 7 sets forth a proposal of pedagogic action designed to offer solutions to the writing difficulties of Japanese EL2 students in an approach to L2 composition instruction which integrates research in contrastive rhetoric, applied linguistic theory, and general pedagogic principles. This proposed pedagogy is tested in an empirical study of student writing based on a pretestlposttest, experimental/control group design, and the results are discussed in terms of the importance of integrating approaches to composition pedagogy along diachronic, synchronic, and human dimensions.
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Belfalah, Chedly. "Syntatic development and retardation across English and Arabic a contrastive study of normal and hearing-impaired children /." Tunis : Université de Tunis I, Faculté des lettres de la Manouba, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36669690.html.
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Loester, Barbara. "A contrastive study of language attitudes and identity construction in the North-East of Scotland and Bavaria." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=136890.
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The North-East of Scotland and Altbayern (Old Bavaria) have long been perceived as the heartland of the respective linguistic varieties. Due to their association with a largely rural lifestyle the associated regional vernaculars, the Doric and Old Bavarian, are often regarded as the “purest” forms of the local variety. Considering that these regions are regarded as prominent, this study investigates what the speakers think of their varieties and how they construct their identity in the light of these perceptions. Using mainly qualitative data, gathered in the small towns of Peterhead and Aichach, the study explores the attitudes towards the varieties and its speakers as perceived by themselves. Issues, such as age-related competence, positive and negative discrimination, are one aspect of the investigation. Another focal point are the strategies employed by the participants to construct their identity as vernacular speakers. Drawing on methods connected to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), themes, such as character traits and the relationships in the community between locals and incomers, are studied. The status of the standard variety and the vernacular and the relationship between them is investigated; the concepts of Abstand and Ausbau languages and diglossia also inform the assessment.
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Huang, Ming. "Étude contrastive des tournures concessives en français et en chinois." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL063.
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La concession est une relation logique « secondaire » complexe qui se nourrit de plusieurs notions de base : l’hypothèse, la temporalité, la causalité, la négation, l’intensité, la subjectivité, etc. En reliant toutes ces notions, nous traitons les quatre locutions concessives les plus utilisées ainsi que leurs homologues dérivés de la même série en chinois : ji shi « bien que » « même si », sui ran « bien que » « malgré » (et zong ran « bien que » « même si »), na pa « bien que » « même si », jiu shi « même si » (et jiu suan « bien que » « même si »). L’objectif de notre travail est d’explorer le mécanisme concessif dans ces deux langues typologiquement distantes et différentes. En nous inscrivant en principe dans la même ligne que A. Meillet (1912), R. Martin (1982 et 1987) et O. Soutet (1987, 1990 et 1992), etc., nos recherches démontrent non seulement l’évolution diachronique de ce marqueur concessif étudié, mais mettent également en évidence ses rapprochements avec certains connecteurs analogues français (tels que cependant, alors, si, ja, nonobstant, etc.) pendant leur processus de grammaticalisation d’une manière à la fois sémantico-logique et syntaxico-discursive. Notre étude comprend divers corpus allant du chinois archaïque au chinois moderne, ainsi que des méthodologies linguistiques pour classer et traduire les exemples choisis. Nous constatons une ressemblance frappante entre la combinaison des notions de base au cours de la formation du mécanisme concessif dans les deux langues étudiéesThe concession is a “secondary” or “composed” linguistic concept since it combines many fundamental linguistic notions: hypothesis, temporality, causality, negation, intensity, subjectivity, etc. By relating all these crucial notions, our research examines the four most used concessive markers as well as their homologues derived from the same series in Chinese: ji shi "although" "even if", sui ran "although" "despite" (and zong ran "although" "even if"), na pa "although" "even if", jiu shi "even if" (and jiu suan "although" "even if"), as well as their equivalents in French based on previous theories and analyses in the two languages. The aim of the work is to explore the concessive mechanism in these two languages that are typologically distant and different. In the same line as A. Meillet (1912), R. Martin (1982 and 1987) and O. Soutet (1987, 1990 and 1992), etc., our research not only demonstrates the historical evolution of the studied concessive markers, but also highlights its rapprochements with certain French concessive connectors (such as cependant, alors, bien, si, ja, nonobstant, etc.) during their grammaticalization processes from semantic-logical and syntactic-discursive points of view. Our study involves various corpuses from archaic to contemporary Chinese and French, as well as technical linguistic methodologies to categorize and translate the extracted examples. The results of our present research show surprising similarities in terms of the concessive evolution despite the enormous etymological and cultural divergences of the two studied languages
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Almujaiwel, Sultan Nasser. "Contrastive lexicology and comparable English-Arabic corpora-based analysis of vague and mistranslated Arabic equivalence : the case of the modern English-Arabic dictionary of al-Mawrid." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13141.
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The main concern in this research is to reveal the existence of shortcomings in the representation of meaning in the equivalents provided in a given context of the bilingual English-Arabic dictionary of al-Mawrid (Ba<albaki 2005), and to disclose the contributions made in Contrastive Lexicology, Bilingual Lexicography, Translation Theory, Corpus Linguistics and Contrastive Linguistics, in an attempt to come up with a more suitable framework, based on bilingual lexicology and corpora-based approaches, for the analysis of equivalence in English-Arabic by means of computerized corpora, especially by what is known as comparable corpora. This research is divided into 6 Chapters. The introduction, Chapter 1, provides the statement of the research problem, the rationale, the objectives and the questions of the study. Chapter 2 discusses three issues: (i) the terms used to refer to the word; (ii) the semantic analysis and relations of the word; and (iii) the disciplines of bilingual lexicography, translation studies and contrastive linguistics, and their respective contributions to the central notion of equivalence in the bilingual dictionary. The discussion about the last issue will pave the way for using comparable corpora in the investigation of selected entries and their equivalents in the given context. It will also show how useful and effective such an approach is in criticising existing Arabic equivalents in al-Mawrid (2005). Chapter 3 is a review of the bilingual English-Arabic dictionary of al-Mawrid in terms of its purpose and the representation of meanings and entries. It also includes an overview of previous reviews. The aim is to provide and develop a new critical framework of al-Mawrid by a new multi-approach to equivalence in the English-Arabic dictionary, as given in Chapter 4: this is mainly based on comparable English-Arabic corpora, and the criteria for making two individual corpora comparable rather than parallel. Chapters 5 and 6 are dedicated to the analysis of equivalents which are found to be either vague (see Chapter 5) or a mistranslation (see Chapter 6) in a given context.
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Jomppanen, M. (Marjatta). "Pohjoissaamen ja suomen perusinfinitiivi vertailussa leat ja olla -verbien yhteydessä." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514260902.
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Abstract The study focuses on the t-ending infinitive in North Saami and the first infinitive short form in Finnish in the context of the verbs leat ’be’ and olla ’be’, respectively. The study compares the use of the infinitives in structures that are the same in both languages and structures that occur in one language but have no equivalent in the other. The same structure may also have divergent meanings in the two languages. The study investigates the grammatical structure of infinitives as well as the use and meaning of infinitival phrases in the following environments: 1) infinitival phrases as subjects, 2) basic infinitives in the context of nouns and adjectives, 3) cases of the lei/oli infinitive (a variant of the conditional perfect in Saami and a structure that implicates 'being close' in Finnish), 4) the relative infinitive and 5) the supine structure in Saami. The material for the study comes from North-Saami and Finnish fiction that was published in 1979–1997: it comprises texts from 18 authors in both languages. The study is qualitative. It moves from Saami to Finnish and also vice versa, being thus of bidirectional character. Its emphasis, however, is on Saami. The data include original texts in both languages as well as translations from Saami into Finnish by the researcher. The study examines infinitive structures in North Saami and Finnish, separately as well as together, and reports on their similarities and differences based either on syntactic analysis, semantic analysis or bothTiivistelmä Tutkimuksen kohteena on pohjoissaamen ja suomen perusinfinitiivimuoto yhdessä saamen leat ’olla’-verbin ja suomen olla-verbin kanssa. Tutkimuksessa verrataan kielten perusinfinitiivin käyttöä rakenteissa, jotka ovat kummassakin kielessä samoja, ja rakenteissa, joilla ei ole vastinetta toisessa kielessä. Sama rakenne voi olla kielissä myös merkitykseltään erilainen. Tarkastelun kohteena on infinitiivin kieliopillinen rakenne ja infinitiivilausekkeen käyttö sekä merkitys seuraavissa tapauksissa: 1) infinitiivilauseke subjektina 2) perusinfinitiivi substantiivin ja adjektiivin yhteydessä 3) lei/oli infinitiivi -tapaukset (saamen konditionaalin perfektin variantti ja suomen ’lähellä olemista’ merkitsevä rakenne) 4) relatiivi-infinitiivi ja 5) saamen supiinirakenne. Tutkimusmateriaali on peräisin vuosina 1979–1997 ilmestyneestä pohjoissaamen- ja suomenkielisestä kaunokirjallisuudesta: mukana ovat 18 kirjoittajan tekstit kummastakin kielestä. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan kvalitatiivinen. Se etenee saamesta suomeen ja välillä päinvastoin ja on luonteeltaan kaksisuuntaista. Tutkimuksen painotus on kuitenkin saamen kielessä. Molempien kielten tutkimusaineisto on originaalitekstiä, mutta tutkimusaineisto sisältää myös tutkijan omia käännöksiä saamesta suomeen. Tutkimus tarkastelee infinitiivirakenteita yhdessä ja erikseen pohjoissaamessa ja suomessa ja raportoi kielten yhtäläisyyksistä ja eroista joko syntaktisen tai semanttisen analyysin tai molempien perusteella
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Martinez, Abadia Jose Miguel. "French for Spanish speakers| A contrastive study of English monolingual, bilingual, and plurilingual adult learners of French." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527728.
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A new French teaching program, “French for Spanish Speakers” (FSS) is spreading throughout Southern California whose aim is to bridge Spanish and English to facilitate learning French. FSS speculates that Spanish-English speakers have a greater advantage in learning French than monolingual English speakers (MES). This thesis is the first to empirically examine these speculations. The first section contrasts four linguistically different groups’ French grammar and French written fluency, accuracy, and complexity. The second section attempts to evaluate the FSS program. This study found a statistically significant difference in which Spanish-English speakers produced more fluent and complex compositions than MES. In addition, the findings of this study predict that Spanish-English speakers will ultimately internalize and retain French longer than MES. However, there seems to be no statistical significance in terms of written performance between Spanish-English speakers enrolled in FSS and those enrolled in regular French courses.
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Avery, Taniesha Marie. "Exploring issues related to the education of African American students a brief intervention for children who use ebonics in their writing /." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1113521137.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], iv, 36 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-36).
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Lindhagen, Emma. "Passifying the Passive : A contrastive study of the use of the passive in Naguib Mahfouz’s al-Ṯulāṯiyya and its Swedish translation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för mellanösternstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-139736.
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Juan, Checa José Javier. "A contrastive study of the EFL vowel system in native Spanish, French, German and Russian learners." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671141.
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This thesis focuses on the phonetic difficulties that learners of English as a foreign language will
encounter. This research wants tó propose a new point of view; a different and wider angle on how
to approach this issue. Instead of comparing only one or two languages to English, it will compare
4 (Spanish, French, German and Russian) with similar or different characteristics based on vowel
system and isochrony. The phonetic mistakes will then be analyzed through spectrography, which
could help us better understand the nature of the problem.Esta tesis se centra en las dificultades fonéticas con las que los estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera se toparán. Esta investigación quiere proponer un nuevo punto de vista; un ángulo diferente y más amplio en cómo enfocar este tema. En lugar de compara únicamente una o dos lenguas con el inglés, comparará 4 (español, francés, alemán y ruso) con características similares o diferentes basadas en el sistema vocálico y la isocronía. Los errores fonéticos serán analizados a través de a espectrografía, que podría ayudarnos a comprender mejor la naturaleza del problema.
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Jacobson, Holly E. "Translation of the health brochure and impact on the target reader: A contrastive analysis of the structural and pragmatic features of texts translated into Spanish versus texts written originally in Spanish." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280112.
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This study involved the analysis of a corpus of health brochures in Spanish, contrasting the way this particular genre is formed and understood in the United States and Mexico. The corpus is made up of two subcorpora: a collection of health brochures published in the United States (translated from English into Spanish), and a collection of brochures from Mexico (written originally in Spanish). These subcorpora were analyzed and compared from many different angles, providing a comprehensive view of how the texts are structured and organized. Analysis at the microlinguistic level, grounded in Speech Act Theory, shows differences in the linguistic realization of the persuasive interactional goals in the two text types. At the macrolinguistic level, a factor analysis reveals differences between the two text types in terms of the patterning and co-occurrence of linguistic features serving the overall informational and persuasive functions characteristic of the health brochure. These differences are attributed to the interpersonal relations and cultural and social contexts in which the two text types are embedded. A subset of texts from both subcorpora was field tested with the aim of assessing the impact of the two text types on readers, in addition to readers' perceptions of the texts. Fifty-four Spanish-speaking adults from Mexico participated in this part of the study. Field testing involved a three pronged approach: a pretest-posttest protocol, recall protocol, and interviews. Responses provide a look at the brochures from the perspective of the reader, and shed light on the role of the two text types in the Mexican community. Results of both parts of this study contribute to the fields of translation studies, translator training, contrastive rhetoric, corpus linguistics, genre analysis, cross-cultural communication, and health education and communication.
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Bellés, Fortuño Begoña. "Discourse markers within the university lecture genre:A contrastive study between Spanish and North-American lectures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10442.
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La tesis doctoral que aquí se presenta se podría enmarcar dentro de tres campos lingüísticos: el análisis de género, la retórica contrastiva y el análisis de corpus.El análisis de género (Swales 1981, 1990; Dudley-Evans & Henderson 1990a, 1990b; Henderson & Hewings 1990; Bathia 1993, 2002; Skulstad 1996, 2002; Flowerdew 1994, 2002) es un parte dentro del amplio campo de análisis del discurso (Barber 1962; Halliday, Strevens & McIntosh 1964). En este estudio nos centramos en el estudio de la clase magistral dentro de los denominados géneros académicos en el aula (Fortanet 2004b). La clase magistral es un género hablado y como tal posee ciertas peculiaridades de los géneros hablados en contraposición a los géneros académicos escritos.
Nuestro estudio se centra en la comparación y contraste de dos lenguas, el español peninsular y el inglés americano, ya que como corpus se utilizan clases magistrales españolas y norte-americanas y en consecuencia se toman como referencia estudios de retórica contrastiva. En este estudio nos centramos en un aspecto concreto del lenguaje, los marcadores discursivos. Con el análisis de los marcadores discursivos en el lenguaje académico hablado en español e inglés norte-americano pretendemos ver como se usan los marcadores discursivos para favorecer a hablantes nativos y no nativos de español e inglés en el espacio de educación superior.