Journal articles: 'Contrastive Pragmatics'

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Aijmer, Karin. "Contrastive Pragmatics and Corpora." Contrastive Pragmatics 1, no. 1 (2020): 28–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660393-12340004.

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Abstract Contrastive pragmatics is closely associated with the use of parallel and comparable corpora for studying the similarities and differences between languages. Parallel corpora have now been extended to more than two languages making them more relevant for typological research, and they can be used to investigate whether there are (discourse) universals across languages. Contrastive pragmatic studies also need to take into account aspects of the communication situation and the social and cultural context. As a result, many contrastive studies nowadays are doubly contrastive in that they compare pragmatic phenomena across both genres and languages. Scholars have also begun to combine contrastive analysis (translations) with the diachronic analysis of pragmatic phenomena in historical corpora, and pragmatic phenomena are studied contrastively with the focus being on sociolinguistic aspects. Illustrating these new uses is a case study which compares English absolutely with Swedish absolut.

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Murray, David W., and Wieslaw Oleksy. "Contrastive Pragmatics." Language 67, no. 2 (1991): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415152.

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Holšánová, Jana, and Světla Čmejrková. "Contrastive pragmatics." Journal of Pragmatics 17, no. 3 (1992): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(92)90007-x.

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Fischer, Kerstin, and Alicja Depka Prondzinska. "Experimental Contrastive Pragmatics Using Robots." Contrastive Pragmatics 1, no. 1 (2020): 82–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660393-bja10004.

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Abstract In this paper, we explore how robots can be used to study pragmatic strategies across a number of languages. Robots can assume many of the roles played by human interaction partners in a range of situations. They can be programmed to produce specific behaviours, each time repeating a behaviour in an identical way for as often as necessary. Thus, robots can be useful tools for investigating human behaviour in certain situations and even in cross-cultural contexts. We explore this use of robots in two case studies – one which investigates the delivery of bad news in Danish, German and English, and one which examines the giving of feedback in Danish, German and Polish. In both studies, systematic intercultural differences become apparent in the pragmatic strategies that are adopted. On the basis of the results, we discuss the advantages, potential pitfalls and possible solutions of using robots in the study of contrastive pragmatics.

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Brems, Lieselotte. "Karin Aijmer (ed.), Contrastive Pragmatics." English Text Construction 6, no. 2 (2013): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.6.2.05bre.

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Watters, James K. "Contrastive Discourse Pragmatics and Translation." Bible Translator 51, no. 1 (2000): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026009350005100103.

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Murray, David W. "Contrastive pragmatics Edited by Wieslaw Oleksy." Language 67, no. 2 (1991): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.1991.0049.

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Gómez González, María de los Ángeles. "Review of Aijmer (2011): Contrastive Pragmatics." Languages in Contrast 12, no. 1 (2012): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.12.1.10ang.

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Xiao, Qin, and Pratomo Widodo. "CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF PARTICLES IN CHINESE AND INDONESIAN LANGUAGE." LITERA 18, no. 3 (2019): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v18i3.24223.

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In Chinese and Indonesian, particles are often used and occupying an important place specifically in daily conversation. The study distinguishes ways of using particles in order to propose suggestions that can be useful for Chinese learners in Indonesia. In this article, the author describe the four pairs of particles to compare the similarities and differences in terms of syntax, semantics, pragmatics and analyzing the types and reasons in particle’s using error for Indonesian learners based on corpus HSK. Where the data sources are the examples of a sentence containing particles, the technique of data collection is the technique of reading and taking notes, and the instrument is a human instrument. The authors found that the four pairs of particles have similarities and differences in syntax, semantics and pragmatics: all of them can be used at the end and middle of the sentence, but not all can be used with other particles; all the pairs can translate to one another and can also be translated into other particles or adverbs, but there are some particles sometimes don’t need to be translated; in different contexts, the four pairs of modal particles have different pragmatic functions. Keywords: particle, Chinese, Indonesian, contrastive analysis

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Holmes, Janet, Bernadette Vine, and Meredith Marra. "Contesting the Culture Order: Contrastive Pragmatics in Action." Contrastive Pragmatics 1, no. 1 (2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660393-12340002.

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Abstract Contrastive pragmatics encourages a focus on variation in the ways that different groups enact their distinctive cultural values and norms. In New Zealand, Pākehā (European-based) ways of doing things are the norm, taken-for-granted and rarely questioned or even noted unless someone “breaks the rules”. For minority group members, however, including the indigenous Māori people, Pākehā norms are ever-present reminders of their non-dominant position. In the Māori workplace contexts that we have researched, awareness of these norms is particularly apparent and often attracts explicit comment. This paper explores the insights provided by comments from both Pākehā and Māori about workplace norms in New Zealand and the attitudes of some Māori employees to the hegemonic influence of Pākehā in workplace interaction, as well as providing some indications of seeds of change.

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Demir, Cuneyt, and Mehmet Takkac. "Contrastive Pragmatics: Apologies & Thanks in English and Italian." International Journal of English Linguistics 6, no. 1 (2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n1p73.

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<p>Awareness of language or language competency has greatly changed from the focus of language itself as form and structure to language use as pragmatics. Accordingly, it is widely accepted that different cultures structure discourse in different ways. Moreover, studies have shown that this holds for discourse genres traditionally considered as highly standardized in their rituals and formulas. Taking inspiration from such studies, this paper employs a corpus-based approach to examine variations of the apology and thanking strategies used in English and Italian. First the apology itself as a form of social action is closely analyzed and then thanking. This study also pays special attention on analyzing and contrasting apology and thanking strategies in American English and in Italian in terms of Marion Owen’s remedial strategies (Owen, 1983), and Olshtain &amp; Cohen’s semantic formulas in the apology speech act set (Olshtain &amp; Cohen, 1983). The purpose of the study is not only to compare apology and thanking speech acts but to also learn their contextual use. The findings suggest that the status and role of the situation affect the speakers’ choice of apology and thanking strategies, and semantic formulas are of great importance.</p>

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Ziafar, Meisam. "The Influence of Explicit, Implicit, and Contrastive Lexical Approaches on Pragmatic Competence: The Case of Iranian EFL Learners." International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 58, no. 1 (2020): 103–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iral-2016-0018.

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AbstractResearch literature suggests the positive role of lexical chunks and translation in teaching and learning pragmatics (Ketko, H. 2000. Importance of multi-word chunks in facilitating communicative competence and its pedagogic implications. The Language Teacher 24(12). 5–11; Rose, K. R. 1999. Teachers and students learning about requests in Hong Kong. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Culture in second language teaching and learning, 167–180. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.). Accordingly, the present study aimed at investigating the influence of contrastive lexical approach (CLA), in comparison with explicit and implicit approaches, on Iranian EFL learners’ pragmatic competence. Sixty-three participants were randomly assigned to three treatment groups and received dissimilar instructional treatments for ten 30-minute sessions. A pretest-posttest equivalent-groups research design was carried out and pretest scores were used as the covariate in a one-way ANCOVA data analysis. CLA showed no significant advantage over the other two methods. Previous studies have often combined a contrastive method with explicit teaching. Confounding variables in this way may have made interpretation of results problematic. In the present research explicit and contrastive instructions were kept separate and no significant difference was found between the three treatments, although all instruction types enhanced the language learners’ pragmatic competence. As a result, a pragmatic teaching course is recommended which incorporates the useful teaching techniques and practices of these three approaches to teaching pragmatic competence.

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Gatt, Albert. "Definiteness agreement and the pragmatics of reference in the Maltese NP." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 71, no. 2 (2018): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2018-0009.

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Abstract Maltese noun phrases exhibit ‘definiteness agreement’ between head noun and modifier. However, the status of this phenomenon as a case of true morphosyntactic agreement has been disputed, given its apparent optionality. The present paper presents a corpus-based study of the distribution of adjectives with and without definite marking, and then tests the pragmatic licensing claim through a production study. Speakers were found to be more likely to use definite adjectives in referential noun phrases when the adjectives had a specifically contrastive function. This result is discussed in the context of both theoretical and psycholinguistic work on the pragmatics of referentiality.

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De Cock, Barbara, and Neus Nogué Serrano. "The pragmatics of person reference." Languages in Contrast 17, no. 1 (2017): 96–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.17.1.05dec.

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Abstract In this article, we show through a contrastive analysis of person reference in Catalan and Spanish parliamentary discourse, that it is paramount to take into account not only syntactic but also pragmatic factors in order to adequately analyse the differences between two languages that have rather similar morphological paradigms. Thus, we will show that singular deictics are used more widely in Spanish parliamentary discourse, whereas plural forms are preferred in Catalan, which is possibly related to more general cultural features and to the political system as a whole. Furthermore, we will discuss differences in the use of the formal address forms. Finally, we will show that some differences in the use of vocatives may be due to the debating styles and history of the respective parliaments.

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Yabushita, Katsuhiko. "A New Approach to Contrastive Topic: Partition Semantics and Pragmatics." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 18 (October 3, 2008): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v18i0.2471.

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Yajun, Jiang, and Chenggang Zhou. "World Englishes and contrastive rhetoric." English Today 22, no. 2 (2006): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078406002033.

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WE ARGUE here that a ‘paradigm gap’ has prevented recent research into world Englishes (WEs) and contrastive rhetoric (CR) from being mutually useful, and suggest particular areas in which insights from CR may benefit in particular the study of WEs. English in its standard ‘native’ form(s) is fast becoming the world’s lingua franca of science, commerce, the mass media, and entertainment. As a result, its non-native uses and users have become significant in at least the following eleven fields: applied linguistics, sociolinguistics, critical linguistics, contrastive rhetoric, second language acquisition, traditional English studies, lexicography, mass communication studies, cultural studies, pragmatics, and text linguistics (cf. Bolton, 2003a). We hope that the present study will contribute to the debate.

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Chen, Rong, and Chunmei Hu. "End-of-Dinner Food Offering: A Three-Way Contrastive Study." Contrastive Pragmatics 1, no. 2 (2020): 242–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660393-bja10009.

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Abstract This paper presents a three-way contrastive study of the structure of the end-of-dinner food offering event – hosts asking guests to eat more food when the latter have indicated that they have finished eating – across three population groups: Chinese residents of the City of Xi’an as of 1995 (as reported in Chen, 1996), American residents of Southern California as of 2019, and Chinese residents of Xi’an as of 2019. It is found that, in 2019, Americans living in Southern California only infrequently offer their guests more food at the end of a dinner, while the Chinese residents of Xi’an (the Xi’an Chinese) offer their guests food much less often than in 1995, although still more frequently than their American counterparts. The difference observed between the Chinese and American groups is attributed to the different notions of politeness that are held in the two cultures: the Xi’an Chinese still maintain elements of hospitality and warmth as key notions of politeness, in a similar way to Libyan Arabic speakers, as discovered by Grainger, Mansor and Mills (2015), while the offering behaviour of Southern Californians is motivated by the respect they hold for another person’s freedom of action. The noticeable change in the way food is offered at the end of a Chinese dinner between 1995 and 2019 – which can be seen to be a process of ‘deritualisation’ (Kádár, 2013) – is due to the influence of Western cultures. The significance of our work thus goes beyond the understanding of both food offering in Chinese and Chinese politeness: it adds to the scant literature on the structure of the offering event across cultures and places Chinese politeness in the context of other languages; it brings insights from language contact into the field of pragmatics, a decades-long research paradigm; and it demonstrates the value of diachronic contrastive pragmatics, a direction that will no doubt aid the advancement of contrastive pragmatics in particular and, as a consequence, pragmatics in general.

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Delin, Judy, Anthony Hartley, and Donia Scott. "Towards a contrastive pragmatics: Syntactic choice in English and French instructions." Language Sciences 18, no. 3-4 (1996): 897–931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0388-0001(96)00054-x.

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Luraghi, Silvia. "Review of Welo (2011): Indo-European syntax and pragmatics: contrastive approaches." Studies in Language 36, no. 2 (2012): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.36.2.09lur.

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Kartika, Diana. "ANALYSIS OF APOLOGIES SPEECH ACT IN JAPANESE AND ENGLISH: CONTRASTIVE PRAGMATICS." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 5 (2019): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7530.

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Purpose: In everyday life, humans when interacting with others often misunderstands and make apologies. Apologies in Japanese and English have different ways of delivering. Like the expression of apology "sumimasen" in Japanese and "Sorry" in English. This study uses a corpus-based approach to check the variation of apology strategies used in Japanese and English and then analyzed. This study aims to analyze and compare apologies in Japanese and English also study their contextual use.  Methodology: The method used in this study is a qualitative method with content analysis techniques consisting of the form of Japanese and English language apologies. Sources of research data are qualitative data sources from examples of Japanese and Bahasa sentences. Main Findings: it can be concluded that the expression of apology in Japanese and English is very diverse. Judging from the origin he said some phrases of apology in Japanese are more likely to be a misconception or misconduct (sumimasen, gomennasai, shitsureishimashita, mooshiwakearimasen, warui). Apologies in Japanese may vary depending on how severe the mistakes have been made and how well a person relates to the person who is the object of the error. Implications/Applications: The findings of this research can help individuals in communication and social interactions. Also, it provides an overview of apology in different settings and social situations.

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Lühr, Rosemarie. "Review of Welo (2011): Indo-European syntax and pragmatics: Contrastive approaches." Diachronica 30, no. 3 (2013): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.30.3.05ros.

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Gao, Xiaofang. "Contrastive Analysis of Hedges in a Sample of Chinese and English Molecular Biology Papers." Psychological Reports 95, no. 2 (2004): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.95.2.487-493.

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Hedge is defined as the expression of provisionalness and possibility that makes scientific messages tentative, vague, and imprecise, thereby reducing the force of claims scientists make. Linguistic study of hedges began in the early 1970s in generative semantics. Since then, the focus has shifted from seeking linguistic properties in spoken discourse to analyzing its pragmatic functions in written contextual communication. The purpose of this paper was to analyze hedges in Chinese and English scientific articles from the perspective of contrastive pragmatics. Based on a contextual analysis of 5 Chinese and 5 English scientific articles, selected randomly, from two journals in molecular biology— Science in China and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, there were significant differences between Chinese and English scientific articles in use of hedges.

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Shiyab, Said. "The Pragmatics of Punctuation and Its Problematic Nature in Translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 46, no. 2 (2000): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.46.2.03shi.

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This article attempts to describe some of the pragmatic and semantic functions of two important punctuation marks. These are the semicolon (;) and the colon (:). The reason for this description is that no studies have provided a detailed description of the pragmatic and semantic functions of these marks. These marks are mostly used in Arabic for intonational or decorative purposes. It was found that the system of punctuation marks in Arabic is inadequate as it does not specify rules for using them. However, in this study, it was found that the punctuation marks have linguistic implications that are not recognized by linguists nor by translators. The implications discussed here are the emphatic, additive, contrastive, and substantiative functions.This article attempts to describe some of the pragmatic and semantic functions of two important punctuation marks. These are the semicolon (;) and the colon (:). The reason for this description is that no studies have provided a detailed description of the pragmatic and semantic functions of these marks. These marks are mostly used in Arabic for intonational or decorative purposes. It was found that the system of punctuation marks in Arabic is inadequate as it does not specify rules for using them. However, in this study, it was found that the punctuation marks have linguistic implications that are not recognized by linguists nor by translators. The implications discussed here are the emphatic, additive, contrastive, and substantiative functions.

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Baicchi, Annalisa, and Aneider Iza Erviti. "Genre as cognitive construction." Pragmatics and Cognition 25, no. 3 (2018): 576–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.19006.bai.

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Abstract The present article investigates a set of discourse connectors in the academic lecture genre from the viewpoint of the inseparable pair of pragmatics and cognition. Making use of the MICASE corpus for data retrieval, a selection of discourse constructions encoding comparative contrastive meanings are analysed and their distinctive features are critically described and explained. The aim is to show how each particular genre promotes the use of certain constructions. The MICASE database reveals that, among all the subgroups of complementary contrastive constructions, some seem incompatible with the academic lecture contexts by virtue of the particular characteristics of this specific genre.

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Guillot, Marie-Noëlle. "Communicative Rituals and Audiovisual Translation – Representation of Otherness in Film Subtitles." Meta 61, no. 3 (2017): 606–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1039221ar.

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In a contrastive study of front door rituals between friends in Australia and France (Béal and Traverso 2010), the interactional practices observed in the corpus collected are shown to exhibit distinctive verbal and non-verbal features, despite similarities. The recurrence of these features is interpreted as evidence of a link between conversational style and underlying cultural values. Like contrastive work in cross-cultural pragmatics more generally, this conclusion raises questions of representation from an audiovisual and audiovisual translation perspective: how are standard conversational routines depicted in film dialogues and in their translation in subtitling or dubbing? What are the implications of these textual representations for audiences? These questions serve as platform for the case study in this article, of greetings and other communicative rituals in a dataset of two French and one Spanish contemporary films and their subtitles in English. They are addressed from an interactional cross-cultural pragmatics perspective and draw on Fowler’s Theory of Mode (1991, 2000) to assess subtitles’ potential to mean cross-culturally as text.

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Al-Gahtani, Saad. "Sequence Organization of Requests among Australian English and Saudi Arabic Speakers: A Contrastive Study." Arabica 64, no. 5-6 (2017): 761–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341471.

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Abstract Previous research on cross-cultural pragmatics has primarily focused on how native speakers of different languages perform speech acts in relation to politeness and directness. However, Gabriele Kasper (2006), among others, has called for adopting a more discursive approach rather than analyzing data according to the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Project (ccsarp) coding scheme. Therefore, this paper used Conversation Analysis for Interlanguage Pragmatics to investigate sequence organization of requests in Australian English and Saudi Arabic using role-play scenarios. It specifically examined pre-expansions, pre-pres, accounts in request turn, insert-expansions, and post-expansions, and the extent to which the social variable power affects them. The results showed that both languages shared some regularities in aspects of sequence organization but differed in others. Power influenced the production of some regularities in both languages.

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Jamal Al-Maznaei, Rana. "A contrastive study on thanking in Arabic dialects and English." Bulletin of Advanced English Studies 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/baes2021.6.1.1.

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Cross-Cultural Pragmatics (CCP) is a field of study that focuses on the interaction of people from various cultures. It is to clarify cultural distinctions between languages that acquire meaning through context and sociocultural embedding, resulting in a pragmatic communication failure. This study determines whether the Arabic language, because of dialectical variation, contains more thanking methods than English. Additionally, it aims to investigate the face-threatening strategies used by Arabs and native English speakers. Besides, it aims to determine whether contextual variables affect thanking expressions. The data collection instrument was an open-ended questionnaire in two versions Arabic and English. The results were then analyzed quantitatively using SPSS software version 26.0, following Cheng's classification of thanking. The findings indicate that dialectical diversity is not associated with an increase in thanking strategies that are more prevalent in English. Additionally, religion affects the Arabs speaking, their manner of thanking does not exclude religious expressions, which are their preferred method of expressing their politeness and gratitude. In terms of face-threatening strategies, both native Arabic and English speakers preferred negative politeness to positive politeness, which focuses on minimizing the FTA's particular imposition. Concerning contextual variables such as familiarity and social status, both affect how the thanking speech act is performed. It will be worthwhile to investigate thanking in Arabic and English with a specific factor such as social distance. Additionally, it is beneficial to examine thanking in Arabic dialects regarding civilization's cultural influence and the dialect's proximity to standard Arabic.

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Guangjun, Wu. "A relevance-theoretic account of the use of the discourse marker well in translation from Chinese into English." Translation and Interpreting Studies 12, no. 1 (2017): 162–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.12.1.08gua.

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Abstract Discourse markers are a special category of words or expressions which have been shown to pose challenges during the translation process. This article adopts a relevance-theoretic perspective and, based on the two English translations of the Chinese play Leiyu (Thunderstorm), explores the use of the discourse marker well in translation from Chinese into English. The findings show that the discourse marker well in translation from Chinese into English is added in two scenarios: to intensify weaker forms of a similar Chinese discourse marker or as an addition when omitted in Chinese. Moreover, interlingual pragmatic enrichment will ensue and the English translations, in comparison with their Chinese originals, become more determinate. Based on this study, we can conclude that discourse markers are important pragmatic elements in translation from Chinese into English. Likewise, contrastive pragmatics is shown to be of potential in the process of translation.

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Maros, Marlyna, and Nurul Syafawani Halim. "Alerters in Malay and English Speech Act of Request: A Contrastive Pragmatics Analysis." 3L The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies 24, no. 1 (2018): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/3l-2018-2401-06.

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Houck, Noel. "CONTRASTIVE PRAGMATICS. Wieslaw Oleksy (Ed.). Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1989. Pp. xiii + 282. $62.00." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 14, no. 04 (1992): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100011232.

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Intachakra, Songthama. "Contrastive Pragmatics and Language Teaching: Apologies and Thanks in English and Thai *T." RELC Journal 35, no. 1 (2004): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003368820403500105.

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Huang, Siyun. "Identity Construction of Female Consumers in Chinese and American Cosmetics Advertisements: A Critical Pragmatic Study." International Linguistics Research 3, no. 4 (2020): p131. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v3n4p131.

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At present, women are still the main force among cosmetics consumers. In order to stimulate female consumers’ desire to buy cosmetics, cosmetics advertisers strive to build identities for female consumers that they are deeply yearning for, so as to guide and entice female consumers to buy their products. From the perspective of critical pragmatics, this study focuses on the types, distribution, means, and purposes of identity construction in Chinese and American advertisements, and conducts qualitative and quantitative analysis on cosmetic advertisements. Through contrastive analysis, it reveals the types and frequency of identity, and pragmatic strategies, motivation of advertisers in China and America. These identities are used to attract consumers to purchase behavior. When constructing these identities, cosmetics advertisers adopt explicit and implicit means to make psychological hints to female consumers. This study criticizes and analyzes the marketing motives of advertisers from the perspective of pragmatic identity theory, thereby revealing consumption traps for female consumers, and providing new thinking for identity construction and marketing strategies.

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Reichle, Robert V., and David Birdsong. "PROCESSING FOCUS STRUCTURE IN L1 AND L2 FRENCH." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 36, no. 3 (2013): 535–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263113000594.

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This study examined the event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by focus processing among first language (L1) speakers and second language (L2) learners of French. Participants read wh-questions containing explicit focus marking, followed by responses instantiating contrastive and informational focus. We hypothesized that L2 proficiency would modulate nativelikeness in L2 processing. For the L1 and L2 groups, widespread word-long positive shifts reflected the processing of nouns receiving informational and contrastive focus. Nouns receiving contrastive focus showed an increased anterior negativity compared to informational focus for both groups. Second language proficiency modulated the amplitude of this negativity effect, and subgroup analyses of low- and high-proficiency L2 learners showed no significant effect of focus condition among low-proficiency learners. This modulatory relationship between L2 proficiency and nativelikeness of processing is consistent with the dynamic sequence of L2 ERPs observed for morphosyntactic processing and extends those findings to the syntax-pragmatics interface phenomenon of focus processing.

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Kádár, Dániel Z., and Juliane House. "Revisiting the duality of convention and ritual: A contrastive pragmatic inquiry." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 56, no. 1 (2020): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2020-0003.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to provide a pragmalinguistically inspired framework for analysing the relationship between linguistic forms and conventional and ritual behaviour. To date, no body of pragmalinguistic research has been dedicated to the relationship between conventional and ritual phenomena, which play a fundamental role in language use. Even more importantly, the examination of this phenomenon provides insight into a longstanding issue in pragmatics, namely, how the relationship between form and language use can be pinned down. We will pursue this question on the basis of an English and Chinese corpus-based examination of expressions, which we define as ‘ritual frame indicating expressions’ (RFIEs). As a case study, we examine the Chinese RFIE ‘duibuqi’ and its English counterpart ‘sorry’. The results indicate that while ‘sorry’ is largely used in a conventional way throughout the contexts in our English corpus, ‘duibuqi’ is predominantly anchored in ritual. This, in turn, reveals how these forms are related to convention v. ritual as far as our data is concerned.

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Turner, Ken. "Book reviews: Oleksy, Wieslaw (ed.) 1989: Contrastive pragmatics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, xii + 282 pp." Interlanguage studies bulletin (Utrecht) 6, no. 2 (1990): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839000600210.

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Alonso Almeida, Francisco. "The pragmatics of and-conjunctives in Middle English medical recipes." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 9, no. 2 (2008): 171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.9.2.02alo.

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The present paper seeks to explore the multiple meanings of the conjunction and in Middle English medical recipes. The corpus used contains a total number of 6,300 words, mainly from the Middle English Medical Texts compiled by Taavitsainen, Pahta and Mäkinen (2005). The framework of analysis is Relevance Theory as in Sperber and Wilson (1995). Jucker (1993), Blakemore and Carston (1999), and Carston (2002) have proved that this theory can neatly describe the various functions and meanings of discourse markers, such as and, but and well. As I show in the conclusion, and constructions must be studied in detail so that we may identify their particular meaning, which is mostly context-dependent rather than semantically constrained. By doing so, we will have a better understanding of texts and this will benefit the comprehension of medieval English. Whether the meanings of and occur similarly in other genres is left for a future, contrastive analysis.

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Hamdan, Hady. "Disagreement Realizations: Some Methodological Concerns." International Journal of Linguistics 10, no. 1 (2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v10i1.12748.

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Interlanguage pragmatics is concerned with how nonnative speakers use and develop their L2 pragmatic competence (Kasper 1996: 145). In this context, realizations of face threatening speech acts that such speakers perform are examined and contrasted with those of native speakers of the same target language. This has been done with a view to minimizing communication breakdowns and developing a better mutual cross-cultural understanding. Yet, despite the large number of studies conducted in this field, only a few have manage to achieve their purpose. This is often the case due to some methodological flaws that characterize such studies. The current study sheds light on these methodological flaws so that future research yields more representative, credible and informative findings. In particular, the researcher provides a critique of the methodological perspectives adopted in contrastive cross-cultural research on disagreement realizations by reviewing eight studies that have examined disagreement strategies in English by speakers of different language backgrounds.

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Muji Agustiyani. "Compliment Strategies Used by The Judges in Indonesian and American Idol 2019: A Cross-Cultural Pragmatics Study." Script Journal: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching 5, no. 2 (2020): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/sj.v5i2.492.

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Background: This is a contrastive study that compares the investigation on the patterns of compliments strategies used by the judges in Indonesian Idol and American Idol 2019. This study aims at describing the compliment strategies addressed by the judges in two reality talent shows, that’s a singing competition, and to reveal the differences of cultural values between the two societies. Methodology: The data is collected from the two YouTube accounts for the top three finalists’ performance by utilizing the observation method with the note-taking technique. Ye’s compliment strategies theory (1995) and Holmes’ syntactic patterns of compliments (1995) are employed in analyzing the data. Findings: The result showed a significant difference between Indonesian and American judges in the way they give compliments. Indonesian judges prefer to use more explicit compliments while American judges prefer implicit compliments instead. Conclusion: It then revealed the contrastive cultural reflection of western people that is supposed to be ‘more ‘direct’ in the way of speaking’ (Wierzbicka, 2003). On the other hand, the finding exhibited contrast results from conventional perception upon Indonesian cultural predilection to ‘indirectness’ in the way of speaking. Keywords: American Idol 2019; Compliment Strategies; Cross-cultural Pragmatics; Indonesian Idol 2019; The Judges.

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T., Ninomiya, and e. ke ba so va A. "A research agenda for contrastive analysis of Japanese and Kazakh: The case of grammar and pragmatics." Journal of Oriental Studies 74, no. 4 (2015): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/jos-2015-4-725.

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Decock, Sofie. "Svenja Kranich, Contrastive Pragmatics and Translation. Evaluation, Epistemic Modality and Communicative Styles in English and German." Languages in Contrast 17, no. 2 (2017): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.17.2.07dec.

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محمد عبدالناصر, منال. "The Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics of the Get Verbs in English and Arabic : A Contrastive Study." المجلة العلمیة لکلیة الآداب-جامعة أسیوط 18, no. 54 (2015): 11–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/aakj.2015.172540.

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Hasselgård, Hilde. "In the Case of Theme: Topic Identifiers in English and Norwegian Academic Texts." Contrastive Pragmatics 1, no. 1 (2020): 108–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660393-12340001.

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Abstract This paper investigates the use of clause-initial constituents prefaced by topic-identifying expressions such as in terms of, in the case of and their Norwegian counterparts. The focus is on the nature, frequency and discourse functions of these in a corpus of published academic writing in English and Norwegian and across three disciplines. Such expressions are rather infrequent overall, but medicine uses them the least and linguistics the most in both languages. The functions of the construction can be compared either to those of left dislocation or to other types of clause-initial adverbials depending on the degree of coreference between the theme and some element in the rheme. The pattern with coreference is more common in Norwegian than in English. Generally, topic identifiers are used for announcing explicitly a theme that represents a topic shift or a contrast with the preceding discourse. The study contributes to contrastive pragmatics through its focus on the discourse-pragmatic functions of the expressions under study and the cross-linguistic comparison of this type of information structuring device across different disciplines of academic writing.

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Liu, Si, Yi Yang, and Yao Yin. "A Contrastive Study of Service Staff's Responses to Requests in Dunhuang and Lanzhou." International Journal of Linguistics 11, no. 6 (2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v11i6.16029.

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Contrastive studies conducted from the perspective of variation pragmatics between two cities in northwestern China were rarely seen in studying requests and its responses. This study focuses on the politeness strategies employed in responses to the speech act of request in the service industry of Lanzhou and Dunhuang, aiming to provide useful indications from the perspective of speakers’ politeness perception and practice. By a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, this study attempted to explore how the two influencing factors-age and gender-impact on the responses of Lanzhou and Dunhuang service staff to customers’ requests. This study found significant differences between different gender and age groups. Both Dunhuang and Lanzhou service staff were politer to males than females; young customers tended to receive more politer responses than the elderly. Moreover, service staff of Dunhuang tended to be politer when responding to requests than those of Lanzhou.

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Rodríguez-Abruñeiras, Paula. "Outlining a grammaticalization path for the Spanish formula en plan (de): A contribution to crosslinguistic pragmatics." Linguistics 58, no. 6 (2020): 1543–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0229.

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AbstractThis article discusses the diachronic development of the Spanish multifunctional formula en plan (with its variant en plan de, literally ‘in plan (of)’ but usually equivalent to English like). The article has two main aims: firstly, to describe the changes that the formula has undergone since its earliest occurrences as a marker in the nineteenth century up to the early 21st century. The diachronic study evinces a process of grammaticalization in three steps: from noun to clause adverbial and then to discourse marker. Secondly, to conduct a contrastive analysis between en plan (de) and the English markers like and kind of/kinda so as to shed new light on the potential existence of a universal pathway of grammaticalization in the emergence of discourse markers.

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Limarova, E. V., and E. E. Sokolova. "SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS OF VERBAL ASPECTUALITY IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN DISCOURSES." Philology at MGIMO 19, no. 3 (2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2019-3-19-59-64.

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The relevance of the proposed article stems from the scientific interest in investigation of different means of conceptual organization of knowledge in the process of production and interpretation of English and Russian utterances. Thus, it aims at establishing the role of aspect in English and Russian discourse through interpreting aspectual situations which are analyzed at the level of sentences and textual fragments borrowed from two translation versions of M. Mitchell’ s novel “Gone with the Wind”.The theoretical framework for the research is provided by Relevance theory as developed in recent works on procedural meaning to handle H. Reichenbach’s symbolic logic for tense and aspect and Relevance theory proposed by D. Sperber and D. Wilson. We suggest that the following means are involved in expressing the type of action: a combination of lexical and grammatical properties of the verb; grammatical forms of the verb; meanings of time adverbs. These means are capable of characterizing R, a conceptual notion, which can be inferred by contextual assumptions.Systematization of referential relations among the above mentioned components taking into account the influence of pragmatic interpretive component and contextual analysis of informational organization of discourse proves the hypothesis that referential characteristics being combined contribute to the description of a discourse situation as stative, habitual, inchoative or punctual.The article will be interesting for researchers in contrastive and cognitive linguistics.

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Yanko, Tatiana. "The system of the Russian prosody." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 11, no. 1 (2020): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.5992.

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This paper is aimed at illustrating the phenomenon of compositionality in the system of the communicative meanings and their prosodic means of expression. The regularity in combining the communicative meanings is illustrated by the compositions of 1) the illocutionary meanings, 2) the meaning of discourse incompleteness, and 3) the meaning of communicative contrast. It is demonstrated that discourse incompleteness functions not only within the row of statements which constitute a connected text, but also within sequences of questions, including the contrastive contexts. The systemic method of analysis has been applied therefore to the description of a fragment of linguistic pragmatics. The material for the analysis is a minor working corpus of the sound speech specifically set up for this investigation on the basis the Russian National corpus.

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McCarthy, Martina Maria. "A Pragmatic Analysis of Requests in Irish English and Russian." TEANGA, the Journal of the Irish Association for Applied Linguistics 25 (November 15, 2018): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35903/teanga.v25i0.54.

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This study focuses on contrastive pragmatics in the realization of the speech act of requests in Irish English and Russian in conversational and institutional settings. A quali-quantitative analysis was conducted to investigate how each language differs in realizing requests in each setting and to identify commonalities and differences between them. An original ten-question written discourse completion task (WDCT) was completed by 30 Irish English and 30 Russian native speakers, which generated data of 600 responses. Five units of analysis were coded, and descriptive statistics were used for comparison. Additionally, paradigms concerning politeness theories were used to explain marked differences between the request strategies of the test groups. Overall, the results indicated that Russian speakers make a clear distinction between conversational and institutional settings whereas Irish English speakers generally do not. In addition, high levels of social informality were evidenced by the Irish English speakers across settings while Russian speakers tended to enact identity in line with the context.

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House, Juliane, Dániel Kádár, and Victor Leontyev. "Ritual Frame Indicating Expressions (An Academic Conversation)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 2 (June 2021): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2021.2.4.

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The present paper is based on an interview, conducted by Victor V. Leontyev with Juliane House and Dániel Z. Kádár. It provides an overview of a new theory in pragmatics, namely, Ritual Frame Indicating Expressions (RFIEs). This theory provides a bottom-up and corpus-based approach to the study of various pragmatically important expressions through which the participants of an interaction indicate their awareness of the Ritual Frame underlying the interaction. 'Ritual Frame' encompasses a cluster of standard situations in which the rights and obligations of the participants are clearly defined. The corpus-based RFIE approach complements sociopragmatic approaches to various expression types, including so-called 'politeness markers', honorifics, forms of address and so on, and it also helps us to systematically capture the relationship between expressions and speech acts. In studying RFIEs, the analyst focuses on the ways in which RFIEs spread across various standard situations. The study of this issue also allows the researcher to contrastively examine the use of RFIEs across linguacultures. Such contrastive research helps us to unearth major linguacultural differences. For example, the research of J. House and D.Z. Kádár has revealed that while in East Asian linguacultures such as Chinese RFIEs tend to be strongly associated with a particular speech act, this relationship is casual in Western linguacultures.

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Alduais, Ahmed Mohammed Saleh. "A Comparative and Contrastive Account of Research Approaches in the Study of Language." International Journal of Learning and Development 2, no. 5 (2012): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v2i5.2456.

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A research, in any field, starts with either a passing idea or a bee in one’s mind. Research in the field of language study, for instance, in all its branches, is a rich area where in hundreds of ideas and problems can be thought of and investigated. Needless to say, the study of language includes generally (linguistics: phonetic, phonology, morphology, syntax, comparative linguistics, etc.), (applied linguistics: pragmatics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, biolinguistics, clinical linguistics, experimental linguistics, computational linguistics, mathematical linguistics, forensic linguistics, corpus linguistics, contrastive analysis, discourse analysis, stylistics and error analysis, etc.), and (educational linguistics: language learning, teaching, and acquisition, etc.). Due to this, a certain problem or an idea in any of the above areas can be investigated from different points of view; that is, using either the correlational research approach, case-study, survey, experimental, ethnographic or the large-scale research approach. Actually, it is claimed in this paper that the above mentioned research approaches are different yet alike. This last point, however, is the major aim of this paper where in the six research approaches are compared and contrasted. At last, the researcher claims that no matter what a researcher in language study will follow since this approach fulfills the questions of his or her study logically, scientifically, and comes up with useful and fruitful bits of information and knowledge. Keywords: Research approaches, Language study, Correlational research, Case-study, Experimental study, Survey study, Ethnographic study, Large-scale study, Comparative and contrastive studies.

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Fetzer, Anita. "Challenges in contrast." Languages in Contrast 9, no. 1 (2009): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.9.1.05fet.

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Challenges express the speaker’s intention not to comply with a proposition, force or presupposition communicated in and through a prior conversational contribution. This may be a directly adjacent contribution, some less directly adjacent contribution, or a conversational contribution uttered in some prior discourse. As for its sequential status, a challenge is a responsive contribution, and from an interpersonal perspective, it tends to carry a high degree of face-threatening potential. A felicitous analysis of a challenge thus needs to go beyond a single conversational contribution, not only accommodating context but also the nature of a challenge’s embeddedness in context. The contribution is organized as follows: The first section systematizes the necessary and sufficient contextual constraints and requirements for a conversational contribution to be assigned the status of a challenge. The second part argues for a challenge to be conceptualized as a particularized contextual configuration, which may serve as a tertium comparationis in contrastive pragmatics. The third section exemplifies the frame of reference with a contrastive analysis of British and German challenges adopted from a corpus of political interviews. In both sets of data, challenges tend to be realized implicitly, and in both sets, challenging the content of a contribution is more frequent than challenging its force or presuppositions. While the British data display a wider variety of challenges, the German data prefer the content-based, implicitly realized challenge.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Contrastive Pragmatics'

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