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Journal articles on the topic 'Contrastive'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Defrancq, Bart. "Contrasting contrastive approaches." Contrasting contrastive approaches 15, no. 1 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.15.1.01def.

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2

Ott, Dennis. "Contrasting contrastive-topicalization strategies." Anuario del Seminario de Filología Vasca "Julio de Urquijo" 56, no. 2 (2023): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/asju.24113.

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This paper offers a comparison and preliminary analysis of ‘topicalization’ strategies in German, Basque, and English. I argue that Basque and English topics at the left periphery are dislocated elements resumed by pronominal correlates, a configuration more directly evidenced in German. I propose an analysis of left-peripheral topics in Basque and English that capitalizes on parallels with left-dislocated XPs in German. Despite superficial differences, left-dislocation configurations in the three languages can be distinguished from inversion constructions and are united in their contrastive c

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3

den Dikken, Marcel, and Balázs Surányi. "Contrasting Contrastive Left-Dislocation Explications." Linguistic Inquiry 48, no. 4 (2017): 543–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00254.

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Of the three logically possible approaches to contrastive left-dislocation (CLD) (base-generation cum deep anaphora; movement cum surface anaphora; elliptical clausal juxtaposition cum resumption), two are represented prominently in the recent literature. Ott’s (2014) account treats CLD uniformly in terms of clausal juxtaposition, the first clause being stripped down to its contrastive topic via an ellipsis operation said to be akin to sluicing. He argues that this analysis is superior to Grohmann’s (2003) approach, featuring movement within a single prolific domain and late spell-out of a res

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Moyetta, Daniela Silvia, and Fabián Negrelli. "Exploring English-Spanish contrastive grammar explanations in English for Academic Purposes reading comprehension materials at university level." Revista de Lenguas para Fines Específicos, no. 29 (June 14, 2023): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20420/rlfe.2023.615.

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A topic of debate in English for Academic Purposes reading comprehension courses in Spanish speaking universities is the roleof grammar in in-house materials. This study explored and analysed the way in which these materials deal with contrastive grammar, in order to promote reflection and discussion on the subject of English-Spanish contrastive grammar explanations. Results showed that there are inaccuracies in the metalanguage used, in the Spanish-English contrastive analysis of some morphosyntactic structures and in the choices of instances of direct translation from English into Spanish. I

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5

Mykhaylenko, Valery. "INTERNATIONALISMS: CONTRASTIVE SEMANTICS." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 2(70) (2018): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2018-2(70)-28-30.

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6

Gutierrez, Manuel J., and Marc L. Schnitzer. "Fonologia contrastiva: espanol-ingles/Spanish-English Contrastive Phonology." Hispania 81, no. 2 (1998): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/345041.

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7

BARTON, ELLEN L. "Contrastive and Non-Contrastive Connectives." Written Communication 12, no. 2 (1995): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088395012002003.

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8

Aijmer, Karin. "Contrastive Pragmatics and Corpora." Contrastive Pragmatics 1, no. 1 (2020): 28–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660393-12340004.

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Abstract Contrastive pragmatics is closely associated with the use of parallel and comparable corpora for studying the similarities and differences between languages. Parallel corpora have now been extended to more than two languages making them more relevant for typological research, and they can be used to investigate whether there are (discourse) universals across languages. Contrastive pragmatic studies also need to take into account aspects of the communication situation and the social and cultural context. As a result, many contrastive studies nowadays are doubly contrastive in that they

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9

Huh, Chul-gu. "The Information Structure of Contrastiveness." Urimal Society 79 (October 31, 2024): 61–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.35902/urm.2024.79.61.

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Contrastive focus and contrastive topic share the characteristic of being associated with the particle ‘-은/는’ in Korean. While contrastive focus can refer to elements marked by case particles such as ‘-이/가,’ it is also defined in some cases as focus marked by the particle ‘-은/는.’ Although ‘-은/는’ is sometimes viewed as indicating topics rather than focus, in contexts where it introduces new information, it can function as contrastive focus. Unlike case particles such as ‘-이/가,’ which do not necessarily imply a consideration of alternative items within a paradigmatic relationship, the particle ‘

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10

Wang, Yucheng, Yuecong Xu, Jianfei Yang, et al. "Graph-Aware Contrasting for Multivariate Time-Series Classification." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 14 (2024): 15725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i14.29501.

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Contrastive learning, as a self-supervised learning paradigm, becomes popular for Multivariate Time-Series (MTS) classification. It ensures the consistency across different views of unlabeled samples and then learns effective representations for these samples. Existing contrastive learning methods mainly focus on achieving temporal consistency with temporal augmentation and contrasting techniques, aiming to preserve temporal patterns against perturbations for MTS data. However, they overlook spatial consistency that requires the stability of individual sensors and their correlations. As MTS da

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11

Vito, Valentino, and Lim Yohanes Stefanus. "An Asymmetric Contrastive Loss for Handling Imbalanced Datasets." Entropy 24, no. 9 (2022): 1303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24091303.

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Contrastive learning is a representation learning method performed by contrasting a sample to other similar samples so that they are brought closely together, forming clusters in the feature space. The learning process is typically conducted using a two-stage training architecture, and it utilizes the contrastive loss (CL) for its feature learning. Contrastive learning has been shown to be quite successful in handling imbalanced datasets, in which some classes are overrepresented while some others are underrepresented. However, previous studies have not specifically modified CL for imbalanced

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12

Braun, Bettina, Yuki Asano, and Nicole Dehé. "When (not) to Look for Contrastive Alternatives: The Role of Pitch Accent Type and Additive Particles." Language and Speech 62, no. 4 (2018): 751–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830918814279.

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This study investigates how pitch accent type and additive particles affect the activation of contrastive alternatives. In Experiment 1, German listeners heard declarative utterances (e.g., The swimmer wanted to put on flippers) and saw four printed words displayed on screen: one that was a contrastive alternative to the subject noun (e.g., diver), one that was non-contrastively related (e.g., pool), the object (e.g., flippers), and an unrelated distractor. Experiment 1 manipulated pitch accent type, comparing a broad focus control condition to two narrow focus conditions: with a contrastive o

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13

Mackenzie, Sara. "Laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions in Aymara: contrastive representations and constraint interaction." Phonology 30, no. 2 (2013): 297–345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675713000146.

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Through analyses of laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions in two varieties of Aymara, this article shows that contrastively specified representations are crucial in shaping phonological patterning. The article argues for a model of contrastive specifications in which features are hierarchically ordered (Dresher 2009). This results in asymmetries between features such that, for a given inventory, some features are contrastively specified in a greater number of segments than others. This asymmetry between features plays a central role in accounting for the interaction of place of articulation fea

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14

Gijsbers, Victor. "Reconciling Contrastive and Non-contrastive Explanation." Erkenntnis 83, no. 6 (2017): 1213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-017-9937-8.

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15

Giannoulopoulou, Giannoula. "Morphological contrasts between Modern Greek and Italian." Contrasting contrastive approaches 15, no. 1 (2015): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.15.1.04gia.

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The aim of this paper is to discuss topics in contrastive morphology, combining the perspectives of morphological theory and contrastive linguistics. After an overview of the recent literature on contrastive morphology and the relevant ‘tertia comparationis’ in Section 2, Section 3 focuses on the main differences between compounding in Modern Greek and Italian (e.g. the position of the morphological head, the pattern stem+stem in Modern Greek vs. the pattern word+word in Italian). The diachronic dimension, the inflectional system and the role of syntax are put forward as explanatory factors fo

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16

Stede, Manfred. "Contrastive analysis of some contrastive discourse markers." Kognitionswissenschaft 5, no. 3 (1995): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001970050022.

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17

Harbert, Wayne. "Contrastive linguistics and language change." Languages in Contrast 12, no. 1 (2012): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.12.1.03har.

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Contrastive linguistic studies have focused almost exclusively on contrasting the synchronic grammars of modern standard language varieties. There may be some merit in expanding the scope of the enterprise to include contrastive investigations of grammatical systems with respect to how they change over time. Full understanding of some contrasts between grammars requires reference to the diachronic axis. This paper illustrates the point with one particular case in the Germanic languages, involving parallel instances of reanalysis of relative pronouns as relative complementizers in Yiddish, Afri

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18

Belyaeva, Anastasiia. "CORPORA CREATION IN CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 4(72) (2018): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2018-4(72)-69-73.

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19

Zhao, Zhenhao, Minhong Zhu, Chen Wang, et al. "Multiplex Graph Contrastive Learning with Soft Negatives." Electronics 14, no. 2 (2025): 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14020396.

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Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) seeks to learn nodal or graph representations that contain maximal consistent information from graph-structured data. While node-level contrasting modes are dominating, some efforts have commenced to explore consistency across different scales. Yet, they tend to lose consistent information and be contaminated by disturbing features. We propose MUX-GCL, a novel cross-scale contrastive learning framework that addresses these key challenges in GCL by leveraging multiplex representations as effective patches to enhance information consistency. Our method introduces

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20

Dehghan, Somaiyeh, and Mehmet Fatih Amasyali. "SelfCCL: Curriculum Contrastive Learning by Transferring Self-Taught Knowledge for Fine-Tuning BERT." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (2023): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031913.

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BERT, the most popular deep learning language model, has yielded breakthrough results in various NLP tasks. However, the semantic representation space learned by BERT has the property of anisotropy. Therefore, BERT needs to be fine-tuned for certain downstream tasks such as Semantic Textual Similarity (STS). To overcome this problem and improve the sentence representation space, some contrastive learning methods have been proposed for fine-tuning BERT. However, existing contrastive learning models do not consider the importance of input triplets in terms of easy and hard negatives during train

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21

Matos, Gabriela, and Nádia Canceiro. "Construções contrastivas com “mas”, Contraste Sintagmático e Elipse do TP." Linguística: Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto 1 (2022): 385–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/16466195/ling2022v1a16.

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In Portuguese, mas ‘but’ occurs in two different structural constructions, one mainly involving contrast between two non-sentential phrases, Contraste Sintagmático ‘Phrasal Contrast’, and the other contrasting two sentences and presenting ellipsis, TP ellipsis with polarity items. In languages as Spanish and German, contrastive coordination typically correlates two different conjunctions with two constructions exhibiting distinct values, the corrective and the counter-expectation value. Relying on work of the past two decades on adversative coordination with corrective and counter-expectation

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22

Li, Yunfan, Peng Hu, Zitao Liu, Dezhong Peng, Joey Tianyi Zhou, and Xi Peng. "Contrastive Clustering." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 10 (2021): 8547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i10.17037.

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In this paper, we propose an online clustering method called Contrastive Clustering (CC) which explicitly performs the instance- and cluster-level contrastive learning. To be specific, for a given dataset, the positive and negative instance pairs are constructed through data augmentations and then projected into a feature space. Therein, the instance- and cluster-level contrastive learning are respectively conducted in the row and column space by maximizing the similarities of positive pairs while minimizing those of negative ones. Our key observation is that the rows of the feature matrix cou

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23

Murray, David W., and Wieslaw Oleksy. "Contrastive Pragmatics." Language 67, no. 2 (1991): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415152.

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24

Karjalainen, Antti, and Adam Morton. "Contrastive knowledge." Philosophical Explorations 6, no. 2 (2003): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10002003058538741.

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25

Dorian, Nancy C., Marlis Hellinger, and Ulrich Ammon. "Contrastive Sociolinguistics." Language 74, no. 3 (1998): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417845.

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26

FRANCEZ, NISSIM. "Contrastive Logic." Logic Journal of IGPL 3, no. 5 (1995): 725–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jigpal/3.5.725.

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27

Lipton, Peter. "Contrastive Explanation." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 27 (March 1990): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100005130.

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According to a causal model of explanation, we explain phenomena by giving their causes or, where the phenomena are themselves causal regularities, we explain them by giving a mechanism linking cause and effect. If we explain why smoking causes cancer, we do not give the cause of this causal connection, but we do give the causal mechanism that makes it. The claim that to explain is to give a cause is not only natural and plausible, but it also avoids many of the objections to other accounts of explanation, such as the views that to explain is to give a reason to believe the phenomenon occurred

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28

Holšánová, Jana, and Světla Čmejrková. "Contrastive pragmatics." Journal of Pragmatics 17, no. 3 (1992): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(92)90007-x.

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29

Schaffer, J. "Contrastive Causation." Philosophical Review 114, no. 3 (2005): 327–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-114-3-327.

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30

Worsnip, Alex. "Contrastive Reasons." Philosophical Review 128, no. 3 (2019): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-7537374.

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31

Scollon, Ron. "Contrastive Rhetoric, Contrastive Poetics, or Perhaps Something Else?" TESOL Quarterly 31, no. 2 (1997): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3588051.

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32

Harvey, Mark, Susan Lin, Myfany Turpin, Ben Davies, and Katherine Demuth. "Contrastive and Non-contrastive Pre-stopping in Kaytetye." Australian Journal of Linguistics 35, no. 3 (2015): 232–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07268602.2015.1023170.

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33

Wang, Ruibin, Xianghua Ying, Bowei Xing, and Jinfa Yang. "ECO-3D: Equivariant Contrastive Learning for Pre-training on Perturbed 3D Point Cloud." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 2 (2023): 2626–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i2.25361.

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In this work, we investigate contrastive learning on perturbed point clouds and find that the contrasting process may widen the domain gap caused by random perturbations, making the pre-trained network fail to generalize on testing data. To this end, we propose the Equivariant COntrastive framework which closes the domain gap before contrasting, further introduces the equivariance property, and enables pre-training networks under more perturbation types to obtain meaningful features. Specifically, to close the domain gap, a pre-trained VAE is adopted to convert perturbed point clouds into less

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34

Fonkoua, Paul, and Auguste Bayiha. "De la notion de corpus dans les études contrastives en langues : choix, outils et exploitation." Traduction et Langues 22, no. 1 (2023): 333–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v22i1.944.

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The Notion of Corpus in Contrastive Language Studies: Choices, tools and exploitation Since past decades, Contrastive Linguistics is in search of ways for its development. Such a situation results from the fact that the scientific context nowadays is overwhelmed with the advent of new disciplines; is highly saturated by needs for interdisciplinarity; and it imposes the search of paths which have to serve as guide for forthcoming studies. As far as Contrastive Linguistics is concerned, the ways leading to its development are methodological, theoretical, and epistemological in nature. Rega

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35

Anderson, John. "A major restructuring in the English consonant system: the de-linearization of [h] and the de-consonantization of [w] and [j]." English Language and Linguistics 5, no. 2 (2001): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674301000211.

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This article deals in outline with two interrelated aspects of the history of English phonology: aspects that are argued here to involve the loss of contrastive linearization for /h/ and of consonantal status for /w/ and /j/. It is suggested that these histories are clarified if proper attention is paid to contrastivity: it is necessary to identify those aspects of phonological representation which are contrastive, both segmentally and sequentially. Contrastive status can change. In this case, it is proposed here that the position of /h/ in a word has come to be noncontrastive, and that [w] an

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36

Liang, Xiwen, Fengda Zhu, Yi Zhu, Bingqian Lin, Bing Wang, and Xiaodan Liang. "Contrastive Instruction-Trajectory Learning for Vision-Language Navigation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 2 (2022): 1592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i2.20050.

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The vision-language navigation (VLN) task requires an agent to reach a target with the guidance of natural language instruction. Previous works learn to navigate step-by-step following an instruction. However, these works may fail to discriminate the similarities and discrepancies across instruction-trajectory pairs and ignore the temporal continuity of sub-instructions. These problems hinder agents from learning distinctive vision-and-language representations, harming the robustness and generalizability of the navigation policy. In this paper, we propose a Contrastive Instruction-Trajectory L

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37

Véliz C., Mauricio. "La Fonología del Foco Contrastivo en la variedad de inglés denominada RP y español de Chile." Literatura y Lingüística, no. 21 (June 26, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/0717621x.21.134.

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ResumenEl presente trabajo procura determinar y comparar los mecanismos entonacionales utilizados para establecer contraste entre el inglés RP y español de Chile. Para este fin,se han empleado corpora de habla espontánea del español de Chile y de la variedad RP del inglés. Los enunciados contrastivos fueron sometidos a análisis acústico, empleando un software especializado y el modelo de fonología entonacional Métrico Autosegmental. Las conclusiones más sobresalientes son las siguientes: (i) la marcación prosódica decontraste aparece como un rasgo mayormente predominante en inglés RP que en es

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38

Péry-Woodley, Marie-Paule. "Contrasting discourses: contrastive analysis and a discourse approach to writing." Language Teaching 23, no. 3 (1990): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444800005772.

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39

Atkinson, Dwight. "Contrasting rhetorics/contrasting cultures: why contrastive rhetoric needs a better conceptualization of culture." Journal of English for Academic Purposes 3, no. 4 (2004): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2004.07.002.

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40

Jun, Young chul. "Korean Marker ‘NUN’ for Contrastive Topic and Contrastive Focus." HAN-GEUL 274 (December 31, 2006): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.22557/hg.2006.12.274.171.

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41

Chuquet, H., and M. Paillard. "Enonciation et traduction chez les linguistes francophones." Journal of French Language Studies 2, no. 2 (1992): 237–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269500001319.

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AbstractLe présent article a pour object de donner un aperçu de l'état de la recherche francophone en théorie de la traduction et an linguistique contrastive, et de présenter plus particuliÈrement les travaux contrastifs français-anglais qui s'effectuent dans le cadere de la théorie des opérations énonciatives d'A. Culioli. A travers l'étude de deux points qui posent réguliÈrement problÈme aux anglophones traduisant vers le français (traductions possibles du prétérit anglais et choix entre indicatif et subjonctif français lorsque les duex modes peuvant alterner), nous tentons d'illustrer la co

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Gómez Castejón, Mª Ángeles. "Conceptualization in the english gerund and its spanish equivalents: a contrastive cognitive study." Epos : Revista de filología, no. 28 (January 1, 2012): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/epos.28.2012.12274.

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The English gerund and its Spanish equivalents show different levels of conceptualization when carrying out a contrastive study. In particular, we will focus on the conceptualization of the Spanish equivalents which correspond to the English construction [physical perception verb + Noun Phrase + -ing form]. There are certain difficulties in relation to our study. Firstly, the traditional characterization of the English gerund, based on tense and aspect criteria, proves to be inadequate to establish its meaning. Secondly, the -ing form with physical perception verbs has been interpreted as a pa

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43

Xu, Baile, Furao Shen, and Jian Zhao. "Contrastive Open Set Recognition." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 9 (2023): 10546–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i9.26253.

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In conventional recognition tasks, models are only trained to recognize learned targets, but it is usually difficult to collect training examples of all potential categories. In the testing phase, when models receive test samples from unknown classes, they mistakenly classify the samples into known classes. Open set recognition (OSR) is a more realistic recognition task, which requires the classifier to detect unknown test samples while keeping a high classification accuracy of known classes. In this paper, we study how to improve the OSR performance of deep neural networks from the perspectiv

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44

Nguyen, Kim Khanh. "Analyse conversationnelle contrastive." Lidil, no. 29 (July 1, 2004): 43–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/lidil.1253.

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45

Danesi, Marcel. "Whither Contrastive Analysis?" Canadian Modern Language Review 50, no. 1 (1993): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.50.1.37.

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46

Beach, Patrick. "Defending Contrastive Luck." Southwest Philosophy Review 33, no. 2 (2017): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/swphilreview201733244.

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47

Glaz, Adam, and Edda Weigand. "Contrastive Lexical Semantics." Language 76, no. 4 (2000): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417219.

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48

Ruben, D. H. "Explaining contrastive facts." Analysis 47, no. 1 (1987): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/analys/47.1.35.

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49

Sawyer, Sarah. "Contrastive Self-knowledge." Social Epistemology 28, no. 2 (2014): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2013.782586.

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50

Granger, Sylviane. "Contrastive interlanguage analysis." International Journal of Learner Corpus Research 1, no. 1 (2015): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.1.1.01gra.

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Since its introduction in 1996, Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis (CIA) has become a highly popular method in Learner Corpus Research. Its comparative design has made it possible to uncover a wide range of features distinctive of learner language and assess their degree of generalizability across learner populations. At the same time, however, the method has drawn criticism on several fronts. The purpose of this article is threefold: to provide a brief overview of CIA research, to discuss the main criticisms the method has faced in recent years and to present a revised model, CIA², which make

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