Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Contrat de transport aérien'
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Al, Joundi Soheir. "Essai sur le contrat d' affrètement aérien." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10003.
Full textToday charters represent a means of economic cooperation among airline companies. It raises a number of problems concerning the legal status of the contract and the responsability of the contracting parties
Mady-Kerguelen, Véronique. "Le contrat de transport integre." Paris, CNAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2001CNAM0365.
Full textBenboubker-Jebbari, Samira. "Risque, sécurité et responsabilité du transporteur aérien à l'égard de son passager." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D004.
Full textIn recent decades, air transport has been greatly democratized, the regulations has increased significantly. The applicable sources for the air carrier liability are based on international conventions, EU regulations and domestic legislations. This research points dynamic application of the sources and the results produced by different combinations. The evolution of the responsibility concept starts other fields of thought through a combined study of the concepts of risk and safety of air carrier towards passengers. It's also studying the particularism of the carriage contract by air of persons under new regards. EU law has brought a new vision of the carriage contract to the point that it assimilates the passenger to a consumer. The liability of the air carrier also values the new technologies field. Today, air passenger benefits from protective measures of consumer law. The damage analysis helps to understand this nesting process sources, and the diversity of cases law. EU law has set up an innovative and pragmatic regulation in line with new requirements on passenger delays and flight cancellations. The purpose is showing the important role of EU law in the cumulative application of treaty law and of Regulation No 261/2004. The general notion of delay has to be dissociated from ordinary situations generating delay; EU law has drawn a distinction between these events. The delay may be experienced collectively by the passengers, as in case of flight cancellation or individually as in case of denied boarding. EU law enacted standardized measures of assistance and compensation. These mechanisms should be explained such as the improvements proposed by the European legislator. In case of accidents the air carrier liability puts the Convention at the center of attention. Exclusivity agreements are more than ever reasserted by international jurisprudence. However this elevation of treaty law is undermined by some courts practices, which do not hesitate to put aside the Convention to the benefit of the domestic law. Dismantling risk of conventional law is softened by the different references of EU law and domestic law to the primacy of the Convention. The air carrier's liability is a strict liability. It puts an end to any financial limitations in case of body injury or death of passenger. The lack of definition of accident concept continues to raise many questions. For accidents, treaty law carries out an implicit reference to domestic law in order to determine the positions damages. As part of the complementarity of sources, it is important to have a combined approach of French domestic law, which enshrines the principle of full compensation, and the enforcement of treaty law. Air passenger travels with his personal effects. Treaty law has introduced different liability regimes depending on luggage destination. The provision of EU law is minimalist in terms of luggage, but the CJUE cases law allowed a renewed interpretation of the compensation for luggage damages. The study of this liability will lead us to stress the importance of IATA regulations and general terms of carriage which fill in the gaps in EU and treaty law, not interested in this part of the air carrier's liability. The Convention has established options of competence which lead to a multitude of courts. The advent of fifth option of competence is part of a consumerist approach of treaty/conventionnal law. More ground of jurisdiction are, more important is the practice of forum shopping. Jurisdiction rules have been enacted by the jurisprudence as mandatory. The introduction of standardized measures of assistance and compensation by EU law highlighted the purview of exclusive nature of the jurisdiction rules. A liability action of victims in case of aircraft accidents or their heirs before the U.S. courts is likely to result in a forum non conveniens. A survey of American and French jurisprudence is needed to measure the extent of this phenomenon. (...)
Lochun, Dharmanand. "La sécurité du transport aérien face à la libéralisation du marché des services aéroportuaires : la recherche d'une gouvernance adaptée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2017.
Full textThe liberalization of the European air transport market has also led to the opening of the airport ground handling market whose field of activity is very sensitive to economic pressure that can have safety impact. This new market of private operators is thus left with a multitude of power-delegated contracts. Therefore, attributing responsibility of adverse events becomes complex and the cost of managing safety very high. In this thesis, we analyze a system of delegations being able to network through contracting of ground handling services transactions, on this newly released market. We demonstrate the causes, the limits and the shortcomings of form of organizations - so called today “governance” - to better control the absolute parameter in the air transport, which is safety. We also look for explanations of a possible dichotomy between the cost of production of ground handling services and the cost of safety of aircrafts, passengers, staff and infrastructures. In order to achieve improved governance of this system, this research provides some clarifications and analysis and opens operational perspectives for an appropriate model of safety while balancing cost of safety with the gain generated by the latter
Chaumet-Dalmasso, Sophie. "Alliances et transport aérien." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0058.
Full textSince the liberalization of air transport in 1978, airlines developed strategies to preserve their competing advantages. From hubs to frequent flyer programs, each one sought to develop its market while reducing its costs. At the end of the nineties, alliances airlines appeared at the as one of the most judicious strategies making it possible to offer to passengers a broad choice of destinations without increasing the costs. After analysing opportunities and difficulties met by the airlines within the framework of alliance, the thesis is interested in the consequences of this strategy on the airport infrastructures. How airports, in particular those only recognised as hubs feeders, can impose their point of view facing companies organized within an alliance? Are airports alliances finally possible even through others forms of organisation ? These questions emerge since the beginning of this new century, and if by the nature of airports, their fixed costs are very important and depreciation on the long term, their managers are looking for other possibilities. Acquisition of shares in privatiszed airports, constitution of consortia sharing the know-how of each one, airport managers also launch out them to the conquest of the world
Marashi, Shoushtari Seyed Mostafa. "Le régime juridique des contrats d'affrètement maritime et aérien." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT4001.
Full textThe legal regime of maritime and air charter parties a comparative study of maritime and air charter parties involves an investigation into the general rules regulating the contracts as well as the scope of the parties' responsibilities and obligations. The charter-party's definition distinguishes it from the contract of carriage and of hire ; its qualification determines its legal nature and classification. The transfer of the capacity of operator from lessor to lessee gives an indication of the services of the lessor. Identification of the proper law involves examining the internal law and its historical development, the genesis of a suitable and modern maritime and air law which accommodates contractual arrangements. The parties' engagements and the scope of their liability vary as a function of the type of charter (voyage, time or bare-boat in maritime law, with or without a crew in air law) and are examined in relation to the unit, the cargo and the voyage. The submission of evidence is governed by special rules as to form, authenticity and role. Payment of the charter is regulated by special rules (methods of computing freight charges, staries and surestaries, even damages and interest). Other than in cases of force majeure or annulment, the parties'engagements terminate with complete performance of the contract. The conditions in which the parties' responsibility is engaged are examined in relation to the transfer of custody (structure and use) of the unit and are regulated as regards legal action and the statute of limitations
Wang, Chunan. "Essays on Delay Reduction Contract, Airline Networks and Agricultural Land Marketization." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10024/document.
Full textThis thesis consists of three self-contained papers, each of which corresponds to one chapter. The first chapter, jointly written with Estelle Malavolti, studies the optimal design of delay reduction contract signed between an ANSP and a monopoly airline. In the contract design, we mainly consider the adverse selection problem. Moreover, we conduct comparative-static analysis to study the effects of safety standard and flight frequency on optimal contracts. Besides, we use numerical examples to study when a welfare-maximizing ANSP has to use public funds to provide the service. The second chapter investigates the dual roles of congestion delays and horizontal product differentiation in airline network choice. I find that, first, because of the inclusion of congestion delays, the airline may choose the point-to-point network even when the extra travel time disutility of one-stop services is relatively low. Second, without considering the airline's fixed investments of developing a hub airport, the 2-hub network will dominate the three other network structures as long as it is feasible, as it involves the horizontal product differentiation in more markets than the three other network structures. The third chapter, jointly written with Wanjun Yao and Shigeyuki Hamori, empirically finds that the higher land allocation efficiency improves the average land productivity by 29.1% and the larger average operational farm size reduces the average land productivity by 9.2%, implying that the agricultural land marketization in China finally improves the average land productivity by 19.9%
Pradon, Fabrice. "La responsabilité pénale de l'entreprise de transport aérien en cas d'accident aérien." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32038.
Full textSince 1st March 1994, a criminal jurisdiction may prosecuted and imposed sanction on a carrier, as a corporation, in case of air disaster. A criminal investigation is generally opened for manslaughter. The carrier may be convicted if an offence is proved to have been committed by one or more of representatives acting of behalf of the carrier. During the criminal investigation, various aeronautical experts will assist the judge to establish faults. Concurrently, a technical enquiry will be carried out by the Bureau Enquêtes-Accidents in order to determine the circumstances and causes of the air disaster and then, express recommendations if any to avoid similar accidents. In case of manslaughter, the lawmaker wished to favour criminal prosecution against corporations and restrict it against indiciduals who are only indirectly responsible for the damage. .
Hamoumi, Saad. "Transport aérien et developpement économique au Maroc." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010075.
Full textRavelojaona, Ndriamparany Benjamin. "L'évolution récente du transport aérien à Madagascar." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D316.
Full textSavidan, Pierre-Yves. "Biens, systèmes et concurrence dans le transport aérien." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010003.
Full textToru, Tuba. "Essais empiriques sur l'organisation industrielle du transport aérien." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0069.
Full textThis thesis examines three important issues in the air transport industry. The first chapter deals with the structural impacts and policy changes on the airline industry. A structural econometric model is used to analyse the extent to which the air traffic is affected by an increase in fuel prices and the proposal of the European Commission on the accession of air transport to the European Emission Trading Scheme (EU-ETS). An increase in energy costs implies an increase of air fares and a dec1ine in the levels of traffic. The EU-ETS could indeed significantly affect the level of aviation emissions while he should not radically change the competitiveness of European airlines. The second chapter analyzes the model of case of the airport in the framework of two-sided market. The airports of our database are not internalize externalities exist between the two parties. They use different price setting strategies for each side. We find the empirical evidence of profit maximization pricing for the passengers and the Ramsey prices for the airlines. The third chapter focuses on code sharing between airlines by a structural econometric model. The prices increase and the dec1ine in the consumer surplus after code sharing if it does not encourage the entry ofnew products. The parameter for the division of profits between partner airlines in a code-share agreement is estimated 91 percent mean that the operating carrier receives 91 percent of the profits of the sharing of the product code
Domergue, François. "La recomposition du transport aérien de l'Est canadien." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40031.
Full textHenry, Laurence-Caroline. "La concurrence et la politique communautaire du transport aérien." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE0007.
Full textKembeu, Jacques. "Le contrat de prestations logistiques, contrat complexe ou contrat sui generis ? : étude de la notion et du régime du contrat de prestations logistiques." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUED011.
Full textDuchemin, Pascale. "Modèles dynamiques et prévisions de la demande de transport aérien." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10060.
Full textIn this thesis, we analyse the demand for airline traffic in order to obtain forecasting middle-term models of French domestic and international traffic. One interesting feature of these models is in their ability to be interpreted in terms of structural economic behavior. The first chapter exposes and characterizes air demand and supply. The different factors influencing demand are defined in chapter 2. The aggregated models used to analyze air transportation demand of AR-type log-linear non-stationary dynamic models conditional to a set of exogenous variables (see chapter 3). Estimation results allow us to identify the main determinants of transportation demand (see chapter 4). The relevance of the results is tested for the year 2002, which are found very close to the observed data (see chapter 5). Finally the last chapter focuses on the consequences of 09-11-2001 terrorist attacks on both French domestic and international traffic
Rabenja-Fontaine, Iris. "Déréglementation américaine et libéralisation européemme en matière de transport aérien." Lyon 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO33003.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to focus on the changing situation of the aviation policy of the united states and the european community. It sets out the development of aviation policy in the subject country, the reasons behind subsequent moves towards deregulation or liberalization and the impacts of these changes
Petit, Ghislaine. "Le transport aérien intérieur, élément de développement régional : comparaisons internationales." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D310.
Full textTRANSPORT IS A WHOLE PART OF ECONOMY THOROUGHLY LIMBED WITH REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT. THE NATURE OF THIS RELATION, EITHER GENERATING OR BEING A RESULT, REMAINS A HIGH SUBJECT OF DISCUSSION. ITS SPECIFICITY MAKES OF AIR TRANSPORT AN INSTRUMENT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY. IT SEEMS TO BE ESSENTIAL TO MEASURE THE CONTRIBUTION OF THIS ACTIVITY TO REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT COST OF INVESTMENTS AND THE DIFFICULTIES IN OPERATING AIR ROUTES. THE POLITICAL REQUEST PRECEEDS FOR SEVERAL YEARS THE TIME WHEN THE LEVEL ACHIEVED BY THE PRIVATE REQUEST ENABLES THE INDEPENDANT OPERATING OF SOME AIR ROUTES. AN ENDEAVOUR TO ESTIMATE THIS CONTRIBUTION CAN BE FACILITATE BY A COMPARED ANALYSIS OF AIR TRANSPORT within THREE COUNTRIES : U S A, UNITED KINGDOM AND FRANCE. IT MUST BE OUTLINED THAT INSTEAC OF IMPORTANT DIFFERENCIES (POLITICAL, FINANCIAL, ADMINISTRATIVE) THE MORE SIGNIFICANT COMMON POINT IS THE RIGID ADMINISTRATIVE YOKE AND THE ABSENCE OF FINANCIAL AUTONOMY FOR THE WHOLE AERONAUTIC DEPARTMENT, LIBERALIZATION IS COMING VERY SLOWLY AND IS ACTUALLY IN FORCE IN THE U. S. A. WHEN PROFITS ARE ON THE WAY, FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS ARE SOMETIMES DECREASING AND THE SYSTEM BECOMES TO BE BASED ON COMPETITION. WE CAN BELIEVE THAT. .
Dobruszkes, Frédéric. "Géographie de la libéralisation du transport aérien passagers en Europe." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210715.
Full textLa libéralisation du ciel européen a effectivement conduit à soumettre l’essentiel de l’offre intra-européenne aux « lois du marché », les services publics étant devenus résiduels (moins de 5% des sièges intra-européens). Pour autant, la concurrence à l’échelle des lignes n’est pas devenue la norme. Elle a certes aug-menté, en particulier sur des grandes lignes domesti-ques jadis très protégées, sur les principales lignes européennes entre régions métropolitaines et sur les lignes nord – sud à vocation touristique. Cependant, le développement de nombreuses nouvelles lignes exploi-tées par une seule compagnie a paradoxalement aug-menté le nombre et la part des monopoles de fait. De nombreuses concurrences n’ont lieu qu’indirectement, soit au travers de filiales étrangères (par exemple Spa-nair appartenant à SAS), soit par des compagnies low-cost opérant depuis des aéroports secondaires plus éloignés des grandes agglomérations européennes (par exemple Hahn au lieu de Francfort).
Entre 1991 et 2005, la desserte de l’espace européen libéralisé connaît d’importantes évolutions. D’une part, le volume de l’offre (en sièges) est presque multiplié par deux (+85%, +81% si l’on se limite aux vols intra-européens), soit un taux de croissance annuel moyen de 5,6%. Cette croissance concerne plus l’offre interna-tionale que nationale, qui l’emporte maintenant sur la seconde. D’autre part, la dynamique d’ouverture et de fermeture de lignes est spectaculaire :1308 créations contre 459 disparitions, si bien que le nombre total de lignes a augmenté de moitié et que le réseau européen actuel est un réseau pour moitié renouvelé par rapport à celui de 1991. Cependant, le poids en sièges des lignes héritées est de 8/10. Le réseau européen actuel est donc quantitativement toujours dominé par les relations historiques, qui constituent l’armature de la desserte aérienne européenne.
Les espaces touristiques balnéaires méridionaux ont capté une grande partie de cette croissance (3/10 des nouvelles liaisons, ¼ de l’augmentation générale du nombre de sièges). Si l’on y ajoute le tourisme urbain, on observe très clairement une banalisation du tou-risme aérien.
Une typologie évolutive des réseaux à l’échelle des compagnies a révélé des stratégies différenciées et donc des impacts variés en termes de desserte des territoires. Les grandes compagnies nationales ont généralement fortement développé leur offre tout en la concentrant plus encore sur leurs bases aéroportuaires traditionnelles organisées en hubs. Parfois, un second hub a dû être créé pour contourner des problèmes de saturation (Munich en plus de Francfort) ou mieux coller à la demande (Milan en plus de Rome). Les compagnies classiques ont aussi pris des participations dans des petites compagnies afin de pénétrer plus facilement, et à moindre coût, des marchés étrangers. Ces filiales — et leurs réseaux — ont parfois été converties en opéra-teurs régionaux alimentant les grands hubs. Par ail-leurs, diverses petites compagnies ont pu se développer à l’échelle européenne, sortant souvent de leur cadre national classique. Ces développements se sont tantôt faits au bénéfice des villes « de province » (en particu-lier en Grande-Bretagne), tantôt par concentration sur la capitale (en particulier dans les pays où les villes de province ont peu de poids économique et démographi-que). Enfin, des compagnies charters ont transformé leur offre en offre régulière, la rendant plus ouverte au public, au profit des zones touristiques méridionales qui sont ainsi plus facilement accessibles.
Mais la plus spectaculaire évolution est sans doute le développement des compagnies low-cost. Celles-ci sont responsables de 4/10 de la croissance de l’offre (en sièges) sur la période 1995-2004 ;elles sont aussi mêlées à 3/10 des nouvelles lignes européennes ouver-tes entre 1991 et 2005. Leurs réseaux renforcent les liaisons entre régions métropolitaines et entre celles-ci et les destinations touristiques. En outre, les régions subcentrales leur doivent la moitié de leur desserte et presque toute leur croissance. De nombreux petits aéroports leur doivent l’essentiel, voire la totalité, de leur desserte et de leur croissance, en particulier dans les régions subcentrales et intermédiaires. Ceci a consi-dérablement modifié les rapports entre compagnies et gestionnaires d’aéroports, plaçant ces derniers dans un rapport de forces qui ne leur est pas toujours favorable.
Ces dynamiques viendraient presque faire oublier les décroissances. D’une part, des faillites ont parfois eu un effet négatif marqué sur la desserte des villes, comme nous l’avons en particulier montré pour Bruxelles avec la faillite de la Sabena. D’autre part, les services publics subventionnés semblent être en régression, bien que l’analyse détaillée du cas français montre que la géo-graphie des services publics antérieurs à la libéralisation découlait parfois plus d’exigences politiques locales que de besoins réels.
A l’échelle régionale, l’analyse des évolutions par types économiques régionaux montre qu’au-delà de taux de croissance très variés et malgré toutes les dynamiques étudiées, la répartition de l’offre est demeurée assez constante :il n’y a pas de remise en cause de la hiérar-chisation de l’espace européen. Les régions métropoli-taines continuent en effet à polariser une très grande partie de l’offre et sont toujours les points de passage quasi-obligés pour les vols intercontinentaux. Un niveau en dessous, les régions centrales disposent toujours d’une offe honorable, quoique limitée à l’Europe et ses marges. Les régions subcentrales profitent d’une « décompression » des régions métropolitaines et cen-trales et de la dynamique low-cost. Les capitales des pays ex-communistes connaissent un rattrapage et sont repolarisées par l’Europe occidentale. Les périphéries touristiques connaissent un important développement mais pèsent peu globalement. Les autres périphéries et les espaces intermédiaires tendent à se marginaliser, victimes de trop faibles densités économiques et démo-graphiques et d’une contraction des services publics aériens.
Enfin, si le développement de lignes transversales entre petites villes est une réalité, leur poids est avant tout local. Celles-ci pèsent en effet peu globalement.
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation géographie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Khalaf, Ahmad Ghazi. "L'exploitation des moyens de transport en droit maritime et en droit aérien." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020009.
Full textThe exploitation of the engins in the maritime and in the air transport fields are different. The later is submitted and subordinated to domestic political sovereignty, rules and authorizations. The maritime transport field, on the contrary, bears a self autonomy and a traditionnal liberty. The maritime navigation is regulated by separate legal institution constituted by different conventions. It is how the navigation services are not the sole purpose and objective of the maritime exploitation. In the exploitation of the flying engin, the legislator has specifically qualified the operator and submitted him to some obligations and to a direct legal responsabilite in such way compared tothe subconctracting field. This is not the case of the operations and the utilisations in the maritime fields where the rules and the conventions are consecutive and superceding each other leading to a certain situation such as, among the concerned contracting parties themselves, beginning and ending parties are linked all together with guarantee relationship. This institution is interpreted and qualified by the juridiction as a subcontract in the center of a block or a juridical whole and unity. This situation imply to acknowledge for all parties some direct contractual rights such as damages consequent to the execution of their contractual obligations. The juridictions are beginning to adopt such qualification
Schubert, Stephan. "Déréglementation, concentration et rivalité dans le transport aérien mondial de passagers." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131015.
Full textLecordier, Sophie. "Les charters et la libéralisation du transport aérien dans l'Europe communautaire." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE0029.
Full textAir transportation is insured by two types of service, du one hand regular services and, on the other hand, non regular services, commonly known as charters. The development of their respective legal status, tends to eliminate their distinction and results in the dilution of the charter flight, henceforth operated by both specific charter companies and by regular companies. Nonetheless, public service obligations required of the latter primarily justify a certain state controlled development of charter companies. Face with this state control, charters companies and tour operator will initiate legal action vis-a-vis the cjce which will stimulate community action. The commission and the council will take position by liberalising community air transportation. Nevertheless, this liberalization will affects the charters as the will permit the regular companies to increase their clientele by including those traditinally handled by charter companies, while the latter should respond by the regularisation of their flights or integration into a tourist group
Nachbaur, Christophe. "Développer la confiance dans les alliances : le cas du transport aérien." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010062.
Full textRezgui, Sami. "Efficience et nature de la concurrence dans l'industrie mondiale du transport aérien : théorie et modèle empirique d'analyse de l'offre du transport aérien sur les liaisons intra-européennes." Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131004.
Full textAccording to the theory of natural monopolies, economies of scale was an economic feature for the regulation of markets. However, economies of scale were not considered as an entry barrier in the theory of constestable markets. With regard to this theoretic debate, the airline industry presents a specific case because of its multi-products nature. In this industry also, monoproduct economies of scale can not be easily verified. Taking into account the hypothesis according to which flights's supply generates economies of traffic density, we show especially that airline markets are subject to monopolistic competition rather than constestability. We explain this : at first, by the fact that flights'supply originates some barriers specific to airports access and to the property of global distribution systems (gds). Airports access and global distribution systems are the foundations o f airlines' mergers and partnership; secondly, we show that flights' supply constitutes a product differentiation opport unity. Strategic choices of cost leadership and product differentiation leadership are then supposed to be dependent in the airline industry. In europe, these choices depend on specific characteristics of the city-pair markets
Keza, Jean-Placide. "La recherche d'une source optimale de financement des flottes des compagnies aériennes." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32035.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyse the different methods of financing in vue of the acquisition of their fleet. This operation is by definition an instrument for the investment of air transport firms. Our study is to focus the very notion of investment is order to establish it's correlation with the datas of such enterprises. Our analyse of the specificities and difficulties of the economic environment will help us to propose one or several means of financing in vue of answer to the required conditions for these firms in order to by new planes. In other words, chosing an optimal source to finance their investment
Barberot, Martin. "La libéralisation du transport aérien international et la fragmentation du droit international." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103679.
Full textFast evolution and successive dislocations are well known attributes of international air transportation. Nearly seventy years after the Chicago Convention has been signed, one must acknowledge the economic importance of international transportation has grown considerably. Focusing both on transportation of goods, supporting the development of international trade, and transportation of individuals, whose access to air transportation has constantly grown, States and their governments began to modernize, and thereby revolutionize air law's traditional paradigms; air law, initially focusing exclusively on safety and security aspects of transportation, must now integrate the economical dimensions of air transportation. At the same time, international society has become more and more complex in two different ways: firstly, in the Post-Cold War Area, a multi-polarized world began to emerge. Secondly, material developments of international law have resulted in the apparition of numerous independent legal systems of the same value such as environmental international law, international trade law or international development law. The main purpose of the following thesis is to study the recent evolutions of international air transportation law, historically based on the creation and development of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and associated international conventions, within the framework of the fragmentation of international law. Through this study, both the legal and factual evolutions of IACO Law will be addressed in the perspective of its joined application with the World trade Organization (WTO) law. Particular attention will be given to the question of an "identity crisis" the air transportation law is said to suffer from, and to the different ways of thoughts that could be followed to support a healthy economic development on international air transportation.
Perrin, Jacques. "Le personnel navigant du transport aérien : étude de droit français du travail." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100112.
Full textThe air transport sector is marked by extensive intervention by the public authorities, resulting in unique aspects of two areas of labor law governing flight crews. First, the legal rules governing employment. Obtaining a job and career development are carefully codified; safety considerations are omnipresent. Second, commercial aviation provides indispensable services to the public. As such, regularly scheduled flights fall partially into the category of public services. Flight crew personnel, the most important employee group in the airlines operation, therefore have a limited right to strike. In this unique business sector collective negotiations by in-flight personnel bear particularly original features. Conducted on the employee's behalf by powerful independent unions, these negotiations yield numerous innovative agreements; they represent the future of labor law. Although the special labor law rules applicable to flight crews are extensive, they are often offshoots of the general rules. The complexity and extent of their relationship to these rules are highlighted. This is the first conclusion of this study; the second is the exceptionally important role played by the specificity of the skills required in the exercise of the closed professions of civil aviation flight crew personnel
Djoric, Ana. "Le contrat de transport international terrestre des marchandises." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100202.
Full textInternational inland transport of goods is subject to three different international conventions. A company willing to transport goods from one end of Europe to the other, working according to the principles of market economy, can not take advantage of different modes because the convention on multimodal transport does not exist. This problem can be solved by adopting of an international convention that would fill this legal gap. But such initiative has failed already. As the mechanisms of the adoption of an international convention are complicated and take time, such uniformity can be achieved on the basis of adoption of principles for international contracts. Uniform application can be granted by the CJED in EU
Dufresne, Yves. "La Réglementation économique du transport aérien intérieur au Canada : aspects juridiques et politiques." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63209.
Full textNsang, Bernard. "Restructuration du transport aérien en Afrique : enjeu de la coopération et stratégie d'intégration." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040297.
Full textAfrica is economically invalid. Its development process is quiet slow. In this context, the air transport is poorly structured and undergoes misfortunes leading to a decadent management policy. The airlines carriers are deeply in deficit as they lack of a sound management to survive without subsidies and in a high competitive environment. They need to be restructured that is to say carrying out a new technical and economical organization in order to reduce the costs and to increase income. The international financial organizations in their process of African aviation policy privatization they they prompting cooperation and integration by working out common means of production with an integrated pattern. The awareness integrating the environment and fanatical nationalism has led to an overview of the situation which commands: - the management privatization and firstly the board of directors of national airlines carriers for restructuring. - actions at all levels for cooperation. -the merger of long haul networks and the interchange of fleets for the sub-regional integration, within the context of jointly-operated airline
Ramu, Jean-Philippe. "Efficience d'une documentation opérationnelle contextuelle sur la performance des pilotes de transport aérien." Toulouse, ISAE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ESAE0020.
Full textMoulonguet-Masgnaux, Anne. "L'alliance stratégique est-elle un arrangement institutionnel stable ? : le cas du transport aérien." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN0602.
Full textBeaute-Fayolle, Corinne. "Le transport aérien dans les relations internationales de l'après-guerre à nos jours." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040039.
Full textDelahaye, Daniel. "Optimisation de la sectorisation de l'espace aérien par algorithmes génétiques." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ESAE0009.
Full textBobongo, Louis Chrysos. "Le prix dans le contrat de transport de marchandises." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D022/document.
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Rouaud, Laurent. "New contenders in the large commercial aircraft manufacturing industry." Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10084.
Full textDupont, Pascal. "Le particularisme du droit du travail et des relations professionnelles dans le transport aérien." Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020092.
Full textAbbas, Jarjees Omer. "Vers une amélioration des services de transport aérien : le cas d'Iraki-Airways, étude exploratoire." Metz, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993METZ001D.
Full textConcerning the air transport, the traveller will prefer one company rather than another according to the quality of the services offered to him : reception, confort, safety. The quality of a service consists in the ability for a company to satisfy the traveller's needs. To estimate the quality one has to compare the expectations and the perception of the quality of the services offered. The aim of this work is to appraise the efficiency of the services of Iraki-Airways company by measuring the traveller's satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The purpose of this research : - consists in a more pragmatical point of view in pointing out the dimensions of Iraki-Airways' services which need and improvment, while proposing recommendations ; - to point out priority segments according to the dichotomic break downs of the market, to determine which are the satisfied and dissatisfied population brackets. The results show that the majority of the population which this investigation has studied is satisfied with the quality of the services offered by the company (79%) and that 21% are dissatisfied about this quality. The previous percentage is made up of : - senior and medium executives - men - maried - those aged more than 36 years
Barnier, Louis-Marie. "Entre service public et service privé : la valorisation du travail dans le transport aérien." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100091.
Full textThe French air deregulation, since 1987, with the privatisation policy, disrupt the work context in this sector. The different parts of air labour studied here – air attendants, ground handling, check-in, pilots – decline work in common configuration, the “global figure always changing” from N. Elias. The working act is writing as a contradictory fact between the both paradigms, profitability and public service. The ambivalent nature of the work's bureaucratic normalization make theatre of stakes. The same problem occur with redefines of cooperation between professional groups and air technical paradigm, The improvement of value and of the image of work in the imaginary representation, consists for the salaried in defending, in the imposed profitability context, the public service dimension, especially air safety
Petit, Florent. "La vocation au tripartisme du contrat de transport de marchandises." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN0076.
Full textHamaide, Antoine. "La contribution du transport aérien au développement local, un enjeu pour les politiques publiques territoriales." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMD001.
Full textIn a context of trade globalization, air transport has become a key driver for economic growth and business premises. Territorial authorities exert multiple skills to the organisation of air transport to promote the economic development of the territories. The following study therefore aims at highlighting various legal tools available to territorial authorities concerning air transport services and infrastructures to maintain a proactive policy in this area
Fabretti, Jean-François. "Caractérisation des particules atmosphériques liées au transport routier et aérien dans la ville de Nice." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4076.
Full textThis work was dedicated to the characterization of the elemental composition of atmospheric particles associated to urban traffic and air traffic. An analytical method for the determination of trace metals in PM2,5 and PM10 was developed. The instrument used, an ICP-MS, was optimised for the removal of the polyatomic interferences and to provide ultra trace-level detection limits. PM2,5 and PM10 sampling campaigns were conducted in sites within the area of Nice exposed to air and urban traffic : the Nice-Côte d’Azur airport and the urban Malraux tunnel. The analysis of the tunnel data was carried out with specific characterisation tools (enrichment factors, ascending hierarchic classification) and allowed to show specific elemental fingerprint of the “road traffic” source in the PM2,5. Two receptor models, Principal Component Analysis (ACP) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), were used on the airport data. They showed up the different particle sources influencing the ambient air of the receptor site and their contribution to the metal concentration in the air. The PMF model distinguished a specific emission source of metals at the airport with characteristics different from the road traffic emissions and from natural emission
Rodier, Philippe. "Recherche sur la fonction économique du droit de propriété dans le secteur du transport aérien." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10054/document.
Full textTwo major equipment of the air transport sector are subject to ownership so complex: aircraft and airport. The reasons for this complexity are many and varied: economic and financial value and international mobility for commercial aircraft, special status and political dimension to airport infrastructure. Given these realities, how ownership and its components are apprehended by the air transport plays a role in supporting the economic development of this industry. Airlines use the property and its components as a facilitation tool to acquire and operate aircraft either by outright purchase or by possession by leasing or rental, or in joint operations with other airlines by technical charter more inclusive. Apart from the special case of Paris Airport, French groiundairports have the disadvantage of a reduced rate of assets of ground property that eludes them and they are simple dealers. However, all must now develop an industrial and commercial activity on public ground through three aspects: - The development of ground infrastructure (buildings) to support the growth of traffic facilities in line with needs. - The development of on-ground (slots and air approaches): This is the least known and visible aspect while also sizing the development potential and thus the economic development of the airport. - The development of the basement (supply networks): This is the dark side, the essential complement that connects and feeds the tool and infrastructure which take on a new importance
Hassane, Amadou Rahila. "Gestion des risques, valorisation et stratégie : applications aux industries agro-alimentaire et de transport aérien." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU10023/document.
Full textThis research provides additional understanding on the impact of risk management strategy on firm value and strategies. A first analysis examines a sample of 378 observations of companies in the food and kindred industries, over 5 years. This analysis reveals that the intensity of currency risks, interest rate and commodity price hedging do not significantly affect the value of companies in the food and kindred industries. The analysis of the sensitivity of margins to changes in raw materials prices helps to explain this result. A second analysis focuses on the airline industry and covers the period from 1994 to 2008 for a total of 21,161 observations. The joint study of hedging strategies and pricing strategies helps to highlight an empirical link between firm hedging strategy and its pricing strategy. On the other hand, the analysis highlights the link between the hedging strategy of the firm with the hedging strategies of other companies in the industry. Firms choose their prices taking into account current and future input prices, their own level of hedging and finally the level of hedging of the industry in which they operate
Hounkanrin, Finagnon. "Le contentieux du transport de marchandises par voie aérienne." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUEL060.
Full textThe air goods transport takes an important place in international trade. So, it is interessant to take a look aver legal difficulties which are raised and how courts of justice settle them. Air transport is ruled by Warsaw convention which lay down uniform provisions about air carrier's liability. Those provisions were sometimes misinterpreted by law courts (civil or common law). Moreever, technical progress, the improvement of the standard of living have changed the rules laid down for sixty years. The gap between legal rules and reality is a source of problems between carrier and consignor. This theisis makes a synthesis of air freight litigations. Many important questions like carrier's liability, limitation of liability, serious offence were explained. Conditions to sue were definied. Law cases can be classified in two ways : in one hand, those which defend the interest of the consummer and those which defend the interest of the carrier, in other hand those which follow the spirit of warsaw convention and those which do not
Bomstain, Jennifer. "Étude de l’équilibre indemnitaire dans le contrat de transport de marchandises." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10054.
Full textThe transport contract of goods is one of the major commercial contracts. This contract enables the development of local and international trade and is subject to tight regulation that reflects, on the one hand its impact on the economy and on the other hand of the plurality of existing modes of transport. The various effective legislations highlight the will of the drafters to regulate the stages of the duration of this contract in order to create a balance in the relationship between the professional carrier and the co-contractor. However, the particularity of this field makes the work complicated and this, especially during the reparation which results from the contractual nonperformance of the carrier. There appears the question of compensatory equilibrium. The compensatory equilibrium aims, at first sight, to guarantee a same identity between the damage which the victim has suffered and the reparation of this damage. This definition is already subject to reservations in the case of a limited compensation in time and in the amount offsetting the contractual liability of the professional carrier. An in-depth analysis of this definition is necessary to consider its extension so that it might correspond more closely to the reality of the law of the transport of goods.Therefore, can the relaxing of the definition be enough to guarantee the equilibrium indemnity? The study of this concept, which existence in the field of transport is to be determined, reveals deficiencies. Tools are therefore introduced to guarantee or even restore the compensatory equilibrium. These tools are as well developed in the field of transport as well as in contract law. Their enforcement encourages the treatment of the link between this special law and the contract law in order to offer the parties a fair and adapted solution which would make the continuation of the business relation easier
Dajoux-Ouassel, Catherine. "Les incidents à la livraison des marchandises dans le contrat de transport maritime et le contrat d'affretement au voyage." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32037.
Full textChabchoub, Najoua. "Externalités, complémentarités et concurrence dans les réseaux : application aux secteurs des télécommunications et du transport aérien." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010015.
Full textBoukhari, Rym. "Le contrat de transport maritime de marchandise sous connaissement contentieux France-Algérie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D014.
Full textIn the last decades, the International maritime transport has been developed on a large scale. Several international agreements have been concluded in purpose of an unification of the rules governing maritime transport agreements, resulting in a complexity which sometimes raises doubts. However, as in the international private law, the international maritime law is, according to the legislation applied to it, interpreted differently according to country. This difference of interpretation is corning from significant disparities in the decisions of the different countries, particularly about the inserted clauses in the bill of lading. Furthermore, the containerization has Advantages in terms of safety and speed of loading and unloading, it presents difficulties regarding the false declarations and the settlement of demurrage, that they are facing, a lack of resources remains between the Algerian and French ports. All these problems, affects mostly the shipping carrier or the consignee of the goods and which are not fully covered by the current agreements in force. These texts were aimed standardization of the international regime of maritime transport of lading contract, are still not achieving the desired harmonization. This thesis aims to criticize in a constructive perspective of the international legal regime of the maritime transport contract of goods under bill of lading and litigation that creates especially regarding transport to and from Algeria
Giaume, Stéphanie. "Structure de marché et discrimination par les prix dans le transport aérien : Une application au cas européen." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0037.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the relationship between competitive airline market and price discrimination implemented by airlines. After having analyzed the carriers' pricing strategies, through facts and theoretical literature, we do an empirical study on European airline markets. The objective is to analyze how price discrimination is affected by the degree of concentration in European airline routes. Ticket restrictions are used as proxies for price discrimination. We estimate the impact of purchase restrictions on price according to concentration levels. We find that concentration reduces the sensitivity of airline prices to purchase restrictions, meaning that the discounts are smaller on the least competitive routes. Therefore, concentration leads to lower price discrimination. These results are consistent with ones obtained in the US markets